WORLD HABITAT AWARD 2007 Zukunftswerkstadt* URBAN

WORLD HABITAT AWARD 2007

ZukunftsWerkStadt*

URBAN REDEVELOPMENT IN LEINEFELDE SÜDSTADT Germany

Thüringen

Study-visit

9th June - 12th June 2008

* ”ZukunftsWerkStadt”: a neologism composed of the words future, work and town, but also alluding to the German ”Werkstatt”, i.e. workshop.

CONTENTS

3 Preface 5 Organization Organisation and its development Previous and current activities 7 Project context Prevailing housing conditions and specific problems 8 Partnership 9 Project description Main aims of the project Main features of the housing project Main groups benefiting from the project Current stage and future plans 29 Financial information Capital cost of the project Sources of the project’s current and future revenue Sources of current and future organizational and investment funding 32 Social aspects Social sustainability and community empowerment 33 Environmental aspects 34 Economic aspects Advantages to stakeholders 35 Organizational aspects 36 Barriers encountered 40 Lessons learned 41 Innovation and impact Key innovative features of the project Impact of the project and its strategic approach Changes of local or national government policy as a result of the project Monitoring and evaluation Key indicators of the project’s success 45 Recognition List of commendations, prizes and awards 48 Transfer National level International level 51 Annex

World Habitat Award stage II - Contents 1

PREFACE

Demographic change is having an incre- As a result of the measures taken, Lei- asing impact in the northern hemisphere. nefelde has now become a, if not the A shrinking and aging native population, reference for the successful transformation and growing problems with the social of shrinking towns, and not only in eastern integration of immigrants will become Germany. Its value as an example of sus- a new challenge. The consequences for tainable urban and housing development the development of sustainable urban is widely recognized, particularly in other structures and a balanced housing market eastern Europe regions and in Japan, have not yet been adequately analyzed; which is also experiencing harsh demogra- the development of appropriate strategies phic shrinkage. New urban rehabilitation to deal with them is still in its infancy. It is, policies in Algeria are, to a large extend, however, already clear that strategies and also inspired by the Leinefelde project. value systems have to be fundamentally changed. The criteria applied to issues such as housing affordability and availabi- The Municipality of Leinefelde is submit- lity have to be redefined at local, national ting an entire urban development project, and even international levels. albeit with a large housing component, to the jury of the World Habitat Award, The political and economic changes in the rather than a project dealing exclusively former socialist eastern part of Germany with housing, because experience has after reunification in 1989, anticipated shown that the current and future housing and intensified these problems. By1993, problems in shrinking urban societies the municipality of the eastern town of can only be resolved by a comprehensive Leinefelde realized that it had to develop urban development approach that creates a strategy to prevent the town’s social, the basic conditions for a thriving social economic and political breakdown. and economic life.

World Habitat Award stage II - Preface 3 Germany

Leinefelde- Worbis

Kaltohmfeld

Kirchohmfeld Wintzingerode

Worbis

Breitenbach

Leinefelde

Breitenholz

Beuren Südstadt

Birkungen

Leinefelde-Worbis

4 World Habitat Award stage II - Site plan of Leinefelde-Worbis ORGANIZATION

The organization and The Municipality of Leinefelde (now of- feld Plan”. In less than three decades, its development ficially Leinefelde-Worbis) is the organiza- the village with its 2,500 inhabitants was tion responsible for the project. transformed into a modern industrial town with a population of 16,500.

Background Up until the early 1960s, Leinefelde was a In parallel with the construction of a textile small village in the rural Eichsfeld region. plant adjacent to the old village, a new The division of Germany after World War town was developed – the Südstadt. This II separated the village from its traditional was designed according to the prevailing markets and the West German economy. vision of an ideal socialist town: blocks of Consequently, in 1960 the East German prefabricated flats set in a landscape of government initiated a large industrializa- green areas, sport fields and infrastructural tion program for the region, the “Eichs- facilities.

In1969, Leinefelde was given the status of an urban municipality, with rights and responsibilities according to the constitution of East Germany’s German Democratic Republic (the GDR).

Twenty years later, with the reunification of Germany, its status as an urban municipality was confirmed, but now the rights and

The village Leinefelde before industrialization responsibilities given by this status were much broader.

The municipality is the core of the local democratic process: it is responsible for its own administration, has a large degree of decision-making autonomy and almost exclusive rights when it comes to urban development.

In 1990, the municipal council and the mayor were elected in the first free vote after the war.

Leinefelde-Worbis 2002

World Habitat Award stage II - Organization 5 Previous and current It was an enormous, and until then, un- Since then, the municipality, with its re- activities known challenge to deal with the problems sponsibility for urban and social improve- related to the social and economic trans- ments, has been involved in a multitude of formations brought about by the change activities, such as: from a planned to a market economy. But, in 1993, faced with the speed with • Organizing a participative development which the local population was leav- process ing to find their fortunes elsewhere, and • Promoting economic development and the social erosion that that entailed, the employment mayor and the administration took the first • Acquiring and managing public subsi- steps towards achieving sustainable urban dies for transformation processes development: • Initiating innovative projects • Introducing quality management 1. Enrolling in the “Städtebauliche Wei- • Introducing quarter management terentwicklung großer Neubaugebiete” • Refurbishing all social and technical (“Further Development of Large Urban infrastructures under communal respon- Areas”), a subsidy program run jointly sibility by the German federal government and • Refurbishing flats the State of Thuringia 2. Commissioning an urban development In 2003, in order to improve the popula- master-plan in order to investigate the tion base, to harmonize development and potentials of the Südstadt district to optimize communal infrastructures and 3. Implementing an initial pilot project, administrative performance, the municipal- “The Refurbishment of Bonifatius ity of Leinefelde and that of the adjoining Square”, the public open space in front town, Worbis, decided to create a new of St. Bonifatius’ Catholic church municipality – Leinefelde–Worbis. This kind of fusion was unique in the State of Thuringia, and produced a series of col- lective responses to the demographic and economic challenges. The transformation of Südstadt thus became integral to, and a main strategic instrument in the development of the region as a whole.

Bonifatius Square after refurbishment Bonifatius Square before refurbishment

6 World Habitat Award stage II - Organization PROJECT CONTEXT

Prevailing housing The reunification of Germany, and the The depopulation of Leinefelde, and of the conditions and specific change from a planned to a market Südstadt in particular, was also worsened problems economy in the east, has fundamentally by the general demographic changes oc- altered the value system there in general curring throughout Germany, where the and the perception of socialist housing native population has been and is de- policy in particular. creasing and aging.

If Leinefelde had been a masterpiece of Tatsächliche Bevölkerungsentwicklung der Stadt Leinefelde und Südstadt 1989 - Nov. 2006 socialist industrialization and town plan- 18.000 ning policy, its main failing – a lack of 16.000 14.000

sustainability – soon became evident. 12.000

10.000

The collapse of the textile branch after 8.000 reunification destroyed the economic base 6.000 of the town. With growing unemployment 4.000 rates, many inhabitants left for other more 2.000 0

prosperous regions in Germany, leaving 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 31.09.2006 their flats empty. Even worse for the corpo- Bevölkerungsentwicklungpopulation developmen Leinefelde t Leinefelde rations or others who now owned the flats Bevölkerungsentwicklungpopulation developmen Südstadt t Südstadt was that the standardized typology and Local demographic change the low quality of the prefabricated units, which made up the bulk of the housing These factors would mean that in the Süd- stock, were unappealing in the developing stadt the demand for rental flats would, in competitive housing market. The better-off the long-term decrease to 50% of the sup- tenants, who wanted and could afford to ply, with little or no exploitable possibilities have their own home, moved out. for the remaining flats.

Photographs of “Südstadt“ before reunification

World Habitat Award stage II - Project context 7 PARTNERSHIP

The process of urban and social transfor- Public space, leisure and sport: mation involves a broad range of stake- According to German federal legislation, holders. In the case of Leinefelde, the main these fields are a community responsibility players and their areas of concern are:

Economy: Technical Infrastructure: • Main employers and trades-people • The intercommunal association for • Local retailers drinking water • The Chamber of Commerce • The intercommunal association for • The Thuringia State Ministry of Economy sewerage • and Infrastructure • The intercommunal association for waste disposal • Telecommunication companies Housing: • Commercial providers of district heat- • The Community Housing Society, with ing, gas and electric energy originally some 3,500 flats • The Housing Cooperative, with originally some 2,500 flats General aspects of finance, subsidies: • Ministry of Building and Traffic, Thur- ingia (TMBV) Education infrastructure (except for primary • Development Bank of Thuringia (TAB) education, which is a community respon- • National Development Bank (KfW) sibility): • Various commercial banks The Administrative District of Eichsfeld

Kindergartens: All these partners continuously exchange • The Catholic Parish information and, according to current • The Protestant Parish project needs, act within their legal and • Different organizations for social welfare economic frameworks under the coordina- tive responsibility of the municipality. (There are no public Kindergartens in Leinefelde. The municipality is funding their premises and personal, but has trans- ferred the running of all public Kindergar- tens to other organizations.)

8 World Habitat Award stage II - Partnership PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Main aims of the project The “ZukunftsWerkStadt” project aims to Balance between housing and improve sustainable development in the employment over time context of the dramatic changes in eastern Germany after reunification, and consists of measures to –

• establish new regional balances between employment potentials, numbers of inhabitants, urban structures and housing capacities • improve living conditions and environ- ments • promote affordable and attractive housing opportunities in a diversified and balanced housing market

• improve social and economic stability project timeframe • encourage active community life and a new public spirit

Main features of the The project was conceived from the outset 5. High quality public facilities and infra- project as an overall integrated urban develop- structure to make town quarters attrac- ment strategy that considers environmen- tive tal, economic, social and organizational issues in combination. 6. Demolition of empty apartment buildings to offer new urban qualities and 1. Sustainability through participation market stability

2. Sustainability from employment and a 7. Improvment of the housing environment diversified economy 8. Differentiation between private and 3. Sustainability through energy conserva- public space to encourage a sense of tion and recycling of building materials “ownership” and to intensify public life and planting 9. Diverse housing unit typologies and 4. The master plan as an instrument of standards as a means of social integra- coordination tion

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 9 1. Sustainability through participation

A key project idea was for all its activities to be based on the coordinated participation of both the principal stakeholders and the target groups in order to promote joint responsibility and “ownership”. Active participatory involvement in a program of local improvements is important for estab- lishing conditions for sustainable investment in housing refurbishment.

Photographs of various paticipatory events involving diverse stakeholders and targetgroups

10 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 2. Sustainability from employment and a diversified economy

The erosion of employment, and the migration of Leinefelde inhabitants, was mainly due to the one-dimensional structure of the economy. Accordingly, the municipality promoted the establishment of new enterprises with a diverse range of activities. The empty textile factory building offered accommodation for new enterprises (although it had to be subdivided into smaller units); newly designated industrial areas and trading estates provided com- plementary possibilities. Soft local factors, such as supportive regulatory processes and attractive locales, created a positive climate for new investment. New water board head quarters building Economic structure of Leinefelde compaired to region and country (2005)

New commercial facility Converted former textile factory Leinefelde-Worbis Rural district Thuringia Germany Eichsfled Agriculture, forestry, fisheries Trade, tourism, transport Mining, power and water Financial and technical Industrial production services Various public and private Building industry services

New production unit Historic view of former textile factory Architectural quality as competitive identification factor

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 11 3. Sustainability through energy conservation and recycling of building materials and planting

The improvement of insulation combined with more efficient technologies reduces the energy consumption significantly.

The demolition and the dismantling of the prefabricated concrete slab construc- tions procure the transformation process with different raw materials reused both in construction and landscaping. As a result, the balance sheet shows reduce transpor- tation and dumping cost and interesting landscapes almost free of charge. Recycling

Recycling and planting Energy conservation - low energy standards

Recycling and planting Recycling Energy conservation - low energy standards

12 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 4. The master plan as an instrument of coordination

As part of the first stage of the project, a master plan was drawn up and agreed upon in 1995. The plan has a certain lee- way for ongoing adjustment, but establish- es guidelines for renewal, in particular, as they apply to the upgrading of a specific core area. The master plan is the result of intensive discussion and negotiation between stakeholders, and has become a

9 reference for the implementation of all the 15

15 2 15 other Leinefelde project components. 8 8 8

14 13

5 15*

15* 2

15*

9 15*

2 2

15* 15* 4 10

7 15 1

15* 12 11 1

15*

16 15* 15* 15* 1

15*

14 3 15 15

14 159 7 15 15* 15 15 15 15 4 6

16 15 9 15 11

15 16

0 50 100 150 200 250 m Architektur & Stadtplanung, Dresden Grup pe GRAS * Master Plan status February 2005 scope of framework social infrastructure open spaces tree edge covered with greenery integration area city center commercial infrastructure open spaces assigned to housing tree grove upgrading with strategic demolition intensive greenery traffic private open spaces restructuring area Japanese garden car park public open spaces other „living“ road open spaces assigned to public purposes differentiated ground plans of flats important footpaths/ squares garages sports field / playground development area main foot- and cycle paths technical infrastructure

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 13 5. High quality public facilities and infrastructure to make town quarters attractive

In order to alleviate the causes of outward migration, the municipality, together with its partners, worked hard to offer a range of high quality facilities and infrastructure. Access to good kindergartens and schools is important to young families; an efficient and convenient public transport system matters to elderly people with reduced mobility … and so on. Public investment in facilities and infrastructure is not only for the communal good, but also provides essential conditions for sustainable private investment in the locality, particularly in the housing sector.

Before conversion College for further education

before conversion

New public swimming pool New social center after conversion

14 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description Before refurbishment

Kindergarten refurbishment

New youth club

Before refurbishment New town hall square pergola

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 15 6. Demolition of empty apartment buildings to offer new urban qualities and market stability

It was determined in advance that up to 50% of the existing housing was to be de- molished and the remainder refurbished in order to improve urban quality and ensure a healthy future housing market. Reducing density, improving and opening up urban space, and refurbishment revitalize the core area, which becomes a salubrious urban spine connecting the different parts of the Südstadt.

Dismantling and demolition

16 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 7. Improvment of the housing environment

The upgrading measures included the creation of a wide variety of open spaces for private, semi-private and public use. Reorganizing the parking, building ac- cesses and courtyards improves usability for target groups of all ages. Various possibilities for sport and leisure provide occa- sions for encounters, communication and social integration. The huge variety of flora and fauna inhabiting these open spaces, improves their ecological value and their recreational and educational amenity.

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 17 8. Differentiation between private and public space to encourage a sense of “ownership” and to intensify public life

Clear distinctions are made between private and public spaces, replacing the spatial anonymity of socialist urbanism. Appropriation of private spaces by (mainly ground-floor) tenants adds to housing quality and reduces overhead costs. Atten- tion to the special importance of the public Previous situation: spatial anonymity spaces along strategic axes and at squares is a pre-condition for a more intensive public life and civic identity.

Private space

Semi-private space Public space

18 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description Interface between public and private

Public park

Private gardens

Public urban space part of the masterplan 1995

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 19 9. Diverse housing unit typologies and standards as a means of social integration

The mixture of different social categories was a particular feature in socialist housing schemes. To preserve this mixture in a market economy, a considerable variety of housing typologies and standards are called for. Refurbishment projects must therefore aim to individualize flats, buildings and housing areas. The potential of the existing prefabricated construction system was systematically evaluated and innovative projects to test such potentials were implemented.

71,82 QM 53,05 QM 43,92QM VAR B VAR B1 56,67 QM 52,44QM

ADT LEINEFELDE 1.BA BEREICH HERTZSTRASSE / EINSTEINSTRASSE Original typology GRUNDRISS - before renovation 1./3.OG M 1:200 Hahn- / Hertz Street renovation 1998

20 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description Before renovation

Before renovation

Hahn- / Hertz Street renovation 1998

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 21 Original typology - before renovation

SCHNITT LESSINGSTRASSE

Lessing Street renovation 1999 - 2001

22 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description Before renovation

Lessing Street renovation 1999 - 2001

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 23 Büchner Street 42-44 renovation 2004

Original typology - before renovation

3ZKB Nr. 16/5 3ZKB Nr. 16/6 3ZKB Nr. 14/5 3ZKB Nr. 12/5 3ZKB Nr. 12/6 3ZKB Nr. 10/5 Wohnungstyp E Wohnungstyp F Wohnungstyp G Wohnungstyp E Wohnungstyp F Wohnungstyp G

5,60 5,60 5,60 5,60

Büchner Street 2-16 renovation 2006

24 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description Original typology - before renovation Büchner Street 26-40 renovation 1999

Büchner Street 18-24 renovation 2001 - 2002

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 25 Under construction

Before renovation Before renovation After renovation Einstein Street 11-25 “Town Houses“ renovation 2006

26 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description Main groups benefiting Inhabitants of Leinefelde The success of the project and the inter- from the project The project targets the inhabitants of national attention it has attracted, have Leinefelde. The benefits to them are mul- contributed to a newfound pride and self- tiple: improved quality of housing, better confidence in Leinefelde. physical and social environment, and in- creased employment opportunities. These Regional benefits benefits work against the impulses to leave Leinefelde is a fully equipped town in a the town and hence help to stabilize social mainly rural area with little infrastructure. networks. For those who wanted to remain Even if the first target group of the project tenants in Leinefelde, the refurbishment of- is the population of the Südstadt, the fered them the chance of finding a better, surrounding area is benefiting from the more individual and often tailor-made flat high quality of infrastructures and urban in the neighborhood. Despite the improve- environment. ments in quality, housing is still affordable. Higher rents are compensated for by sav- Housing societies ings in energy costs and other overheads. The early participation of housing societies in the development of the master plan helped them to focus on refurbishment in core areas and to avoid unproductive investment in zones that had little or no future potentials. Thus they could maintain an ability to act effectively and to invest in sustainable projects.

The demolitions (currently promoted and supported by public subsidies) reduced the number of empty flats and their unproductive running costs. The economic health of the housing societies is continuously improving.

Local building trade The local building trade has been involved in the realization of innovative projects and new refurbishment techniques. This has created local employment opportunities and a unique know-how, which has improved local builders’ competitiveness: refurbishment is a regional export success.

World Habitat Award stage II - Project description 27 Current stage and The refurbishment of the buildings within The green belt, the last of the elements future plans the core area is almost completed. The linking the different parts of the Südstadt demolition and dismantling of the vacant together, will be built progressively within buildings in peripheral positions is almost the next years. achieved. All schools, kindergartens, and other public facilities are in a very good The transformation process is now nearly condition. over. The objective of creating an attractive, “normal” urban structure has been

. r t S r e h c a b n achieved. However, new challenges are e t i e Bre r iten B ho lzer Str. already waiting. The major task after 6 Ringau 8 4 2 Mühlengasse 12 10 14 37 18 20 - 39 2 41 2 43 39 34 e 39 2 36 aß 30 3 L tr 31 38 fts i 28 4 e ri re 0 2010 will be to unify the different parts 9 i T 2 ke 42 n äc 26 27 B big 44 Ba e el hn s H h 5 4 Post of t 3 2 2 st r 36 2 raß a 38 e e e 42-40 21 ß ß ß a 54 44 Str. 19 tr e - a 52 50 48 46 lrott 7 fs 5 Fuh r 1 o 6 rl- t h Kirche 12 60 hann- Ca n tr. Jo S 5 h 8 6 tt-S 1 a - 4 hlro r B 18 20 1 of Leinefelde – the old village center, the u Beu 78 - 76 -F 55 e renw arl -13 3 eg -C h 5 ann 59 57 9 16 h c Jo 2 4 7 a 14 5 7 6 7 9 Warenhaus b 3 2 1 2 8 1 1 n 1 1 3 6 4 Mode 10 KAUFLAND An e Haus der L 15 d t Schmeck 1 ut Busbahnhof er i 10 Mitte 2 hers Sch e tra we r ß ll Straße 14 e enb ter B e genstäd Gara ize B Südstadt and the new areas of detached li g Hei 5 enw e 5 eg 9 18 Geschäftshaus

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2 Kellerstraße Bachstraße Dienst- 26 6 - 62 leistungs- 31 - 25 31 - 24 10 - 4 zentrum 22 20 - 18 16 - 14 12 - 8 6 - 2 74 - 68 66 - 60 Herderstraße pe Architektur & Stadtplanung, Dresden Grup pe Beethovenstraße Baumarkt

Einkaufen GRAS *

J ohanne sstraße

CKoreerns Strategytrategie 0 50 100 150 200 250 m statusStand February30. Juni 20052005

Geltungsbereichscope of frame Rahmenplanwork Entwicklungsbereichdevelopment individuelles area of individual Wohnen living Zentralercentral Grünzuggreen corridor Zentrumsfunktioncentre function restructuring area “living“ central axis stabilizationStabilisierungsbereich area city Innenstadt center Umstrukturierungsbereich Wohnen Gewerbegebiettrade and commer mit Wirtschaftsförderungcial area with governStädtische- Achse ment funds for trade and industry areaVerflechtungsbereich of maintenance - upgra- Umstrukturierungsbereichrestructuring area Wohnen “commercial /Gewerbe use/ Wohngebiet kein Handlungsbedarf Grüne Achsegreen axis ding with strategic demolition use for different purposes trade“ residential area no necessary change Kernbereich Versorgungszentrum mit regionalem Einzugsbereich Grüne Achse Proposal for future development - 1st prize in Architectural core area maintenance center with regional Europan 8 area commuter-belt Europe-wide open competition (Europan 8)

28 World Habitat Award stage II - Project description FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Capital cost of the The project is financed according to the In 2002, a new program (“Stadtumbau project provisions of current public programs for Ost” – “Urban Renewal East”) was intro- housing refurbishment and urban renewal. duced that aims to consolidate the market These programs function in the following by financing the demolition of vacant ways: flats (100 % subsidy in the case of simple demolition; there are special provisions in 1. Housing refurbishment programs gener- Thuringia for dismantling). The program ally offer finance with privileged interest also repays debts still outstanding from rates to cover non- profit-yielding GDR times. expenditures. A significant part of the financing has to come from the housing These sources of funding are available societies‘ own funds. all over Eastern Germany, but the annual amount is limited and subject to 2. Urban renewal programs target public competition and approval. The role of the space and public facilities. The financial municipality in this field is very important: contribution of the municipality varies applying for subsidies, and the manage- according to the applicable legislation, ment and distribution of the funds is the and is between 25 and 33% of the total exclusive responsibility of the municipality. cost. Since the beginning of the project in The improvements achieved with the help 1993, a total amount of 140 million Euros of these programs encourage private has been invested, and the following investment and thus local employment op- results have been achieved: portunities and tax income. • Refurbishment of 2,600 flats with diverse standards RückflussRefund • New construction of 40 flats • Upgrading of private green space for Ge- AufwandFede- Bund Land Munici- Public input ration state meindepality 1,630 flats

F ÖS R UD BE RS UI DN YG

G E S A M T E S 16 % TI NO V T EA SL T I O N S – 16% Private VI N O V L EU S M T EM N E N T Mwst.VAT input

World Habitat Award stage II - Financial information 29 The average investment for the refurbish- • Dismantling or demolishing 1,764 flats ment of apartments was 470 Euro / m². (thus adapting to demographic situa- According to the type of project and tion and consolidating the market) degree of intervention, this could go up The total amount spent on market to 820 Euro / m², which is still less than consolidation was 7.6 million Euro. half of the cost of new construction. In addition, a high quality of refurbishment The coordinated efforts of the administra- proved to be economically feasible. tive district authorities and the municipality on the upgrading of educational To date, the two housing societies have and social infrastructure, public parks invested a total of 78.6 million Euro. and public urban space have created a Specific refurbishment cost positive environment for investment in housing refurbishment.

The total amount of the municipal invest- 1.800 ment was 31.4 million Euro, and that of 1.600 the administrative district was 26 million 1.400 Euro. 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 0 Euro New construction Simple Refurbishment and refurbishment restructuring cost/m²

Specific refurbishment cost Investment of project partners (% of total cost)

The financial contribution of the project 60 partners is as follows: 50

40 • Housing societies: 59%

30 • Municipality: 22% 20 10 • Administrative circle: 19%

% 0 Housing societies Municipality Administrative circle %

Investment of project partners

30 World Habitat Award stage II - Financial information Financial contribution The relationship between the different 80.000.000 sources of finance indicates the degree to 70.000.000 which private investment was mobilized by subsidies: 60.000.000

50.000.000 25 % of total costs are covered by subsidies, 28 % by public credit and 47 % by 40.000.000 private capital and credit. It is important 30.000.000 to note that the main financing of housing

20.000.000 refurbishments is obtained from private capital, private bank credits and public 10.000.000 credits. Subsidies cover 100% of the mar- Euro 0 ket consolidation costs and between 31 % Housing Market Communal and 64 % of municipality and administra- consolidation investment Infrastructure tive district investment costs.

Total Public credit Subsidy Financial contribution

Sources of the project’s The current and future revenue of the It is important to note that the costs for current and future re- housing project is rent. Since the ratio of planning and preparing projects, as well venue vacant to rented flats is now rather low, the as for process-management, quality economic situation of the housing societies control, and monitoring and evaluation, is positive. can also be met by the municipality and/or public subsidy. Public space and public facilities do not produce revenues: their reoccurring costs are met from the tax income of the municipality and public subsidies according to availability.

Sources of current and Leinefelde municipality has an annual future organizational budget for both administration tasks and and investment funding investment. This budget is funded from different sources, such as, income tax, trade tax, federal subsidies, etc. Investments can also be financed by credit. (The per capita debt in Leinefelde is currently below the average in Thuringia.)

World Habitat Award stage II - Financial information 31 SOCIAL ASPECTS

Social sustainability The integrated approach helps develop • Surveys on residents’ perceptions of the and community empo- employment opportunities and town quar- current situation and their hopes and werment ters with high levels of urban quality. These expectations from the transformation are basic conditions for stabilizing and process improving existing social structures. They • Extensive and ongoing dialog between allow inhabitants to develop individual the municipality, landlords and tenants perspectives within a familiar social and • A regular district newspaper physical environment. • District management organization with info-point and exhibition area Participation and public information • Workshops on particular projects with programs create a climate that favors appropriate target groups and stake- individual involvement and common com- holders mitment. The following have proven to be • The Social Services Center, which, effective instruments for promoting social among other things, offers assistance to sustainability and community empower- problem groups ment: • An organizational setup that involves different target groups in the process of planning and realization • Promoting local identity at national and international events (for example, the EXPO 2000 World Fair in Hanover, Germany) and taking part in national and international competitions • Progressive and tangible improvement of living qualities at all stages of the transformation • Different standards of refurbishment: no exclusion of low or higher income groups

In the GDR, when the village of Leinefelde was being transformed into a model socialist industrial town, it was a privilege for citizens to participate in the process. The industrialization was, nonetheless, seen by most as a great achievement. The current transformation is restoring the pride of the inhabitants after the disruptions of reunification by relating the prospect of a better future with the evidence of that past achievement.

Social Center, Südstadt in Leinefelde

32 World Habitat Award stage II - Social aspects ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

The improvement of environmental quality demolition, therefore, is a valuable source as a factor of sustainability is important to of reusable building materials. Through the transformation process in Leinefelde. scientific experiment, different technolo- The principal means to better the environ- gies have been developed to exploit this ment are: resource effectively. As a result, new ideas for affordable, sustainable procedures, • The improvement of biotopes - diversity which minimize energy and material con- and intensity in public and private open sumption, noise and dust, have become spaces by planting local species of trees available. and other appropriate vegetation • The establishment of biological links The reuse of whole concrete slabs and and micro-climatic exchanges between pieces for landscape architecture has be- built-up and landscape areas come routine. The present developments • The improvement of the energy effi- allow the reuse of entire concrete slabs for ciency of all buildings by using insula- the construction of detached houses. tion, modern heating and distribution technologies and renewable fuel. Reduction of urban density gives more space to vegetation and improves the infil- In view of the huge quantity of building tration capacity for rainfall. The reconstitu- rubble produced by demolition and dis- tion of groundwater is an important condi- mantling, it was important to find different tion for sustainable biodiversity. However it ways of dealing with the situation. Build- was a conscious decision to continue the ing rubble is not waste but raw material: mixed sewerage and rainwater drainage system: even with reduced flow charges, the system can maintain a sufficient self- cleaning capacity, and so the need for fresh water to flush the system can be kept to the minimum. Recycled concrete of the flats By improving pedestrian areas and cycle paths, and integrating social and commercial functions into residential areas, the use of motorized vehicles can be reduced; the City Bus is the comfortable alternative.

The environmental impact of the project is positive. Ecological sustainability is per- ceived by the inhabitants as an improvement to the quality of their living conditions. This engenders a protective attitude towards the environment. Vandalism is rare in Leinefelde. New trees low-energy house

World Habitat Award stage II - Environmental aspects 33 ECONOMIC ASPECTS

The phenomenon of shrinking cities calls The strategy in Leinefelde has given tenants for a new understanding of economic and landlords, as well as the municipality, mechanisms in towns. When the offer of a positive economic outlook. Although it is flats is much bigger than the demand, important to stress that the process of refur- the availability and affordability of hous- bishment has mobilized enormous public ing are guaranteed. The focus shifts and private investment, this investment has towards quality issues, social segrega- been largely absorbed by the local building tion and the economic problems of trade and the job market, and hence further landlords. to the advantage of the community.

Advantages to Tenants Housing societies stakeholders Better job opportunities; better hous- The double strategy of demolishing useless ing quality at low cost (energy efficiency flats while simultaneously improving the improvements and refurbishment using quality and diversity of their stock, has current public subsidies); a better urban helped the housing societies to survive and environment free of charge (financed by to consolidate their economic situation. An public investment). essential strategy was to concentrate in- Development of cost vestments in upgrading in core areas: this attracted tenants towards those areas and 6 made the demolition of un-refurbished 5 blocks on the outskirts of the Südstadt 4

3 viable.

2 The integrated approach, which drew

1 many economic and social factors to-

Euro/m² 0 gether, was the basis for the successful not refurbished partly refurbished refurbished mobilization of refurbishment and demoli- Rent Heat Development of cost tion subsidies.

Municipality The project cannot resolve the negative aspects of demographic change. But it has alleviated the principal causes of outward migration: unemployment, social tensions and the bad quality of housing and the urban environment. It has helped slow down demographic erosion and stabilized the financial base of the municipality. The principal economic feature of the integrated approach is that it produces synergies between public and private investment.

34 World Habitat Award stage II - Economic aspects ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS

The organizational setup of the project District management provides the link places all the different stakeholders under between inhabitants and the project. It communal leadership. The balance be- collects and distributes information in tween individual and common interests, both directions. Important instruments are and the possibility for all parties to influ- the monthly district newspaper, surveys ence project decisions, is a key factor for and regular meetings with different social sustainability. services. District management also works actively to improve the social situation of The work to prepare and follow strate- disadvantaged target groups with prob- gies and concrete measures in the fields lems such as long term unemployment, of economic, urban and environmental lack of qualifications, family troubles or development, is undertaken under the alcoholism. District management has a respective auspices of three coordinating special budget for rapid and flexible inter- groups. Regular meetings between the vention in such cases. various parties concerned, guarantee the coordination and quality management From the very beginning, the municipality necessary throughout the whole transfor- engaged an external consultant for stra- mation process. tegic planning, project coordination and quality management. District management was later been added to these responsibilities. The consultant works closely with the mayor and the head of the urban development department. This lean structure ena- bles full-time and intensive exchange, and fast reactions to changing circumstances.

World Habitat Award stage II - Organizational aspects 35 BARRIERS ENCOUNTERED

The project had to overcome several barri- Another problem was the taboo in the ers as it proceeded. early nineties against talking about the demolition of flats, even if they were Mental barriers unoccupied and rundown. Solid statistics In the beginning, it was very difficult to of future demand helped to convince the make the different stakeholders recog- responsible parties of the case. Convincing nize the reality of shrinkage. Often, the the inhabitants was more difficult: howev- first reaction was – we don’t like it, so we er, they were shown the new environmen- don’t believe it. Rejection of the reality tal quality (for example attractive green was followed by acceptance, and then spaces) that could be obtained as a result depression. It took more than two years of demolition, and that helped persuade to convince everybody that less town can them of the possibilities. mean more quality. It was necessary to use reality to convince them. The pilot project, Isolated interests “Bonifatius Square”, demonstrated the At first, different stakeholders thought and quality of what could be achieved given acted only within the frame of their indi- the current opportunities. vidual and isolated interests. This attitude When Leinefelde decided to participate in was very counter-productive. The issues the EXPO 2000 World Fair in Hanover, the arising from shrinkage call for coordinated local press at first made fun of the mayor. measures in order to fully develop the pos- However, the decision prompted a surge itive aspects of its impact. The participatory of enthusiastic dynamism, which helped involvement in the processes of planning overcome mental barriers and old at- and implementation has created a new titudes, for example, towards architectural mutual understanding and a sense of quality. solidarity. The master plan is a solid base for the necessary coordination: it’s almost contractual status stands for reliability.

36 World Habitat Award stage II - Barriers encountered Limited margins of investment No partner in the process has sufficient financial power for the immediate realization of all projects. Subsidy programs only provide incremental support – small disbursements, year by year. Moreover, the availability of public funding changes every year. A large number of small investments make the process of refurbishment slow and difficult to manage. Here again, the master plan was very important in coordinating the many small projects that involved many different stakeholders. The municipality mobilized public subsidies and harnessed them in order to coordinate their appropriate distribution.

commercial

social and cultural infrastructure

housing

traffic improvements

refurbished open space

future refurbishioned open space

World Habitat Award stage II - Barriers encountered 37 Slowness of the process Ausgabe 7 - September 2006 It is difficult for the inhabitants of an urban quarter to accept the inconveniences of ZukunftsWerkStadt Beuren - Birkungen - Breitenbach - Breitenholz - Kaltohmfeld a long-lasting transformation process. Kirchohmfeld - Leinefelde - Wintzingerode - Worbis For this reason, a lot of improvements that would be immediately tangible to the In dieser Ausgabe: Gestaltung Grüne Achse in Leinefelde wird begonnen Seite 1

Toilettenanlage im Gemeindehaus Wintzingerode inhabitants were implemented as early wird erneuert Seite 2 2006 jährt sich zum 150. Mal die Entdeckung des Neandertalers Seite 3 as possible. These improvements were, Evangelische Pfarrgemeinde Leinefelde feiert Jubiläum Seite 4

Geburtstage im Monat September 2006 Seite 5

in the main, initiated and realized by the Eheschließungen Seite 5

Das Bärenmädchen Maika hat einen neuen municipality, and helped create a positive Artgenossen Seite 6 Arbeiten junger Künstler in Leinefelde ausgestellt Seite 7

Erste Eichsfelder Wasserolympiade Seite 7 climate for further change. At the same „Kunst und Kultur im WASSERTURM“ Leinefelde Seite 8 Autofahrer Schüler übersetzen Bärenpark-Flyer Seite 8 time, channels of communication be- Herzliche Begegnungen in Béb Seite 8 achtet auf Schützenfest in Breitenbach Seite 9 tween the project and the population were Nun beginnt die Schulzeit Seite 9 unsere Schulanfänger! 10. Schützenfest in Kaltohmfeld Seite 10 Stellenausschreibung Seite 11 Nach den langen Sommerferien hat an den Thüringer Schulen seit established and continuously intensified in Die Stadt Leinefelde-Worbis informiert Seite 11 einigen Tagen der Unterricht wieder begonnen. Bis vor kurzem gingen Änderung Abfuhr „Gelbe Wertstoffsäcke“ Seite 12 Johannes, Maximilian, Lukas, Jana, Robert, Davis, Sophia und Hannah order to win acceptation and encourage noch in den evangelischen Kindergarten „Gockelhahn“ in Leinefelde. Ronald Papst - Mannschaftseuropameister Seite 13 Inzwischen ge-hören sie zu den insgesamt 149 Kindern unserer Stadt Sommerabschlussfest des SV Einheit Worbis Leinefelde-Worbis die ihr erstes Jahr in der Grundschule absolvieren. am 10.09.06 Seite 13 curiosity. Noch ist für sie alles neu und ungewohnt, auch der Schulweg. Denn Veranstaltungstipps Seite 14 Schul-anfänger sind gleichzeitig auch Verkehrsanfänger. Tradition und Zukunft falt -l Aber auch viele ältere Schüler müssen sich manchmal an eine neue Um- in Vie gebung gewöhnen, wenn sie beispielsweise die Schule wechseln und mit Beginn eines neuen Schuljahres das Gymnasium besuchen. Leinefelde - Worbis Für die Autofahrer gilt es also in den kommenden Tagen und Wochen besonders aufmerksam und rücksichtsvoll zu fahren! www.leinefelde-worbis.de

Monthly newsletter

Technological deficits A range of building techniques was currently available for the refurbishment of flats: new windows, extra insulation, new exterior color schemes, and new sanitary facilities, heating systems and interior decors. Although these would provide considerable improvements over the former standards, they were not sufficient to make the housing competitive on the open market. The refurbishment had to provide qualities unknown in socialist industrialized housing: diverse unit typologies, individualized ground plans, reduced building heights and sizes, pleasant connections between inside and outside spaces (balconies, terraces, court-yards), adaptability to future requirements, etc. The project, therefore, has developed new solutions and new technologies for dismantling buildings, refurbishment and estate remodeling.

38 World Habitat Award stage II - Barriers encountered Lack of awareness of quality The way to achieve sustainability is, among other things, through quality. Standards increasingly improve, as do the requirements for them. Quality standards must, therefore, look to the future and not simply be based on present definitions. For this reason, the usual refurbishment practices were insufficient. But the housing societies and the inhabitants could not imagine the possibility or the utility of adopting higher standards. However, new ideas were introduced by holding an architectural competition. Their realization within two pilot projects for the EXPO 2000 World Fair in Hanover was convincing, and created a new reference for all future housing refurbishment schemes in Leinefelde. Other key projects were the subject of further architectural competitions.

Results of various architectural competitions

World Habitat Award stage II - Barriers encountered 39 LESSONS LEARNED

The process was very rich in experiences, • The transformation process must be and the following conclusions were drawn. based on a suitable long-term strategy. The prospect of shrinkage leaves little • With a shrinking population, new op- scope for mistakes. portunities for quality improvements • Process management and quality con- arise, if the stakeholders act early trol have to be permanently ongoing. enough and in a coordinated way. This calls for a continuity of objectives, • Investment must be concentrated on as well as of organizational structures core areas with long-term perspectives. and key personnel. • The development strategy must be • Successful urban transformation and re- multi-faceted and comprehensive. furbishment in circumstances of shrink- • Isolated projects have only a limited age requires political leadership: the impact and are a waste of money. The activating and coordinating role of the challenge is to achieve integrated and municipality is essential. Informing the coordinated development public in an honest and transparent way • Stakeholder participation is a basic con- creates the confidence and trust that dition for feasibility and acceptance. are basic for cooperation and political • Quality is key to sustainability. Archi- stability. tectural competitions provide better solutions and innovation.

40 World Habitat Award stage II - Lessons learned INNOVATION AND IMPACT

Key innovative features On the strategic level: On the technical level: of the project • The organizational setup for participa- • Revealing and exploiting the enormous tion and process management potential for variety and individualiza- • The core strategy for upgrading and tion in the construction systems of the investment control GDR • Integration of different financing sources • Economical technologies for disman- • The new approach to spatial structure, tling building including making distinctions between • New visual and functional solutions for public and private space as a condition refurbishment for appropriation and sustainable care • New economical technologies for different balcony systems

Impact of the project The project has improved the living condi- The improvement of urban qualities and and its strategic ap- tions of the inhabitants fundamentally, and public facilities in the project area are not proach thus created a base for social stability. The only of local benefit. The whole region main reasons for the migration of tenants profits from them, not least the rural hin- have been largely eliminated. Moreover, terland, where the quality of life has hith- the new urban qualities attract new popu- erto been declining because of depopula- lation. tion and the difficulties of adjusting to new The project’s approach, its methods of im- economic regimen. plementation and its positive results, have aroused strong feelings of ownership and responsibility-taking: the project and its outcomes clearly “belong” to the inhabitants. This has changed the social climate; there is a new atmosphere of pride and self-assurance, vastly different from the de- spondency that set in in eastern Germany shortly after the reunification.

World Habitat Award stage II - Innovation and impact 41 Changes of local or The project is the expression of an in- Ever since demographic change became national government novative local policy. It demonstrates the a preoccupation in western Germany, the policy as a result of the feasibility of renewal in circumstances of federal state urban development program project demographic change and economic-politi- (“Stadtumbau West” – Urban Reconstruc- cal transformation. Consequently, it has tion West) has also been strongly influ- been, and still is an important example for enced by the Leinefelde experience. other municipalities in Eastern Germany. There is a constant flow of local govern- Other countries in eastern Europe, north- ment politicians, town planners and CEOs ern Africa and Asia that are confronted by of housing societies visiting Leinefelde. demographic changes and/or the transfor- The ministry in charge of urban develop- mation from a planned to a market econ- ment and housing in the State of Thuringia omy often use Leinefelde as a reference. In has continuously improved the rules of Algeria, for example, the Leinefelde project their urban development programs, and has been taken as a model for a voca- Leinefelde has often been used as a refer- tional training program, and for five urban ence or a test case. Solutions developed in renewal pilot projects and a new national Leinefelde have become general recom- participatory rehabilitation program for big mendations elsewhere. housing estates.

42 World Habitat Award stage II - Innovation and impact Monitoring and evalu- The project is regularly monitored using Two surveys (in 1994 and 2001) analyzed, ation global quantitative indicators: for example, among other things, inhabitants’ responses demographic data, urban development to the project. They confirmed the funda- assessments, housing supply and demand, mental change in social attitude, percep- and the financial and economic situation tions of quality and a developing psycho- of housing societies. These data can indi- logical attachment to the quarter. cate the need for occasional adjustments The municipality of Leinefelde-Worbis is to the master plan. The data have, up to currently leading an initiative for the intro- now, confirmed the general strategy of the duction of urban process monitoring and plan, but, in combination with increasing evaluation at communal and state levels. project experience, they revealed where and how detailed adjustments should be incorporated. Empty state prognosis of entire town in accomodation units

2.000

1.800

1.600

1.400

1.200

1.000

800

600

400

200

0,0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

57 87 97 181 328 662 945 972 1.109 1.266 1.224 713 624 695 393 350 295 241 186 121

140 132 10 174 249 192 237 126 100 100 100 100 100

140 272 282 456 705 897 1.134 1.260 1.360 1.460 1560 1.660 1.760

Empty apartmentsstate without fluctuation reserve DemolitionsDeconstruction (p.a.) (p.a.) DemolitionsDeconstruction (accumulated) (accumulated)

World Habitat Award stage II - Innovation and impact 43 Key indicators of the Demographic and social development 2,579 apartments have been refurbished, project’s success The process of demographic erosion has as have private green spaces for 1,630 been slowed and now only approximately apartments. The proportion of vacant 150 inhabitants are lost per year, to a apartments has been lowered to 10 %; large extend by birth deficit. only 3.5 % of refurbished apartments are empty. Urban development All educational and social facilities have 1,764 apartments have been demol- been refurbished or converted for other ished so far; this is 4 years ahead of the public uses. project’s initial schedule, thus anticipating Inhabitant approval of the transformation the future reduction of subsidies. was evaluated in 1994 and 2001, and will be again at the beginning of 2007

General economic development There are currently some 1,200 businesses in Leinefelde-Worbis (as registered by the Chamber of Commerce and Trade). The regional unemployment rate in 2005 was 15.1 %, significantly lower than the Thuringia average of 18.1%. 1,300 people commute to Leinefelde-Worbis taking moving out as soon as possible advantage of its employment opportuni- a long time a certain time ties. The number of people building their public-opinion poll: “How long will you stay in Südstadt Leinefelde?“ own houses continues to be substantial.

Financial situation of housing societies building / buying a house The transformation process was a financial relocating a new job challenge for the housing societies. The project’s comprehensive urban develop- dislike of housing environment ment approach has enabled them to over- apartment is too expensive come this difficulty. Both housing societies can now be classified as financially viable. apartment is too small

apartment is too big Financial situation of municipality Leinefelde’s municipality debt is 650 Euros dislike of the apartment per inhabitant: despite its below average dislike to the social environment per capita tax income, this is significantly lower than the average in Thuringia, which family reasons is 960 Euros per inhabitant. other The remarkably high quality of its communal infrastructure is the result of efficient acquisition and use of subsidies. public-opinion poll: “What are the reasons for moving out?“

44 World Habitat Award stage II - Innovation and impact RECOGNITION

List of commendations, 2006 Anerkennung Gestaltungspreis der Wüstenrot Stiftung „Umbau im Bestand” prizes and awards Architectural Award of Wüstenrot Foundation - building and loan association: commendation for the town houses component of the project

2006 Auszeichnung – ausgewählter Ort im Land der Ideen 2006 “Land of Ideas 2006”, an initiative by the President of Germany to promote Ger- man interests and innovation: Leinefelde was selected as a place of special distinc- tion

2006 Thüringer Stiftung BauKultur - „Preis zur Förderung der Baukultur“ The State of Thuringia’s Foundation for Building Culture’s annual “Award for the Promotion of Building Culture”

2005 UIA – International Union of Architects „Sir Patrick Abercrombie-Prize” für Stadt- planung (Hermann Sträb Strategie der Stadtentwicklung) “Sir Patrick Abercrombie Prize for Town Planning”: for planning strategy and process management names Hermann Sträb, principle consultant to the project

2005 UIA – International Union of Architects „Sir Robert Matthew-Prize“ für Wohnungs- bau (Stefan Forster) “Sir Robert Mathew Prize for Housing”: for the town houses component of the project (names Stefan Forster, Architect)

2005 Architekturpreis Zukunft Wohnen - Lobende Erwähnung (Stadtvillen) “Future Housing Architectural Prize”: honorable commendation for the component of the project town houses

2005 Innovationspreis Verband Thüringer Wohnungs- und Immobilienwirtschaft (Stadtvillen) The State of Thuringia Association of Housing Societies Award for Innovation: for the town houses component of the project

2005 Anerkennung zum Thüringer Staatspreis für Architektur (Stadtvillen) The State of Thuringia Prize for Architecture: commendation for the town houses component of the project

2005 Bauherrenpreis Einsteinstraße The “Bauherrenpreis”, a prize awarded jointly by the Association of German Cities and Towns, the Confederation of German Architects (BDA) and the German Con- federation of Housing and Property Industries (GvW): award for the renovation of apartment buildings in Einstein Street, Leinefelde

World Habitat Award stage II - Recognition 45 2004 Architekturpreis Putz des deutschen Baugewerbes The German Building Industry Architectural Award for Plasterwork: for the town houses component of the project

2004 Europäischer Städtebaupreis The European Council of Town Planners (ECTP) “European Urban & Regional Planning Award”: one of two first prize-winners*; for master planning and process management** (* if it simply says “first prize”, the other prize winner (urban regeneration along a railway line) would not perhaps be happy, even if they are not entering for the Habitat Award. And if by chance they did enter it, the jury might be confused as to who was the actual winner) (** the ECTP web site says the prize was - ” in the category Local Plans, Re-development”. Should - “for master planning and process management” - be modified, or does it matter?)

2003 Anerkennung zum Thüringer Staatspreis für Architektur (Soziales Zentrum) The Thuringia State Award for Architecture: commendation for the project’s Social Services Center

2003 Deutscher Städtebaupreis The German Urban Planning Award: for master planning and implementation

2002 Sternstadt (2. Platz - Physikerquartier) Stern Magazine’s Urban Development Award: 2nd prize; for the project’s “Physik- erquartier” (“Physicist’s Quarter”) development

2002 Anerkennung Thüringer Staatspreis für Architekten und Städtebau „Mehrzweckge- bäude Trinkwasserzweckverband Leinfelde“ Thuringia State Prize for Architecture and Urban Planning: commendation for the project’s Leinefelde Water Board head quarter building

2002 Stadtumbau Ost 1. Preis (Stadtentwicklungskonzept) “Urban Reconstruction East”, national competition for urban transformation in eastern Germany: 1st prize; for the Leinefelde master plan

2002 IQ – Innenstadt mit Qualität The State of Thuringia “Inner City Quality” competition for city management: prize for city management

2001 Bauherrenpreis „Rückbau eines Wohngebäudes zum Mieterzentrum“ (WVL) The “Bauherrenpreis” (see earlier entry here for description): award for the project’s alteration of a residential building into a social and information center for tenants

46 World Habitat Award stage II - Recognition 2001 Bauherrenpreis Büchnerstraße / Lessingstraße (LWG) The “Bauherrenpreis” (see earlier entry here for description): award for the renovation of apartment buildings in Büchner Street / Lessing Street, Leinefelde

2001 Anerkennung zum deutschen Architekturpreis (Physikerquartier) German Architecture Prize: commendation for the project’s “Physikerquartier” (“Physicist’s Quarter”) development

2000 Anerkennung zum Thüringer Staatspreis für Architektur (Obereichsfeldhalle) The State of Thuringia Architecture Award: commendation for the project’s Obere- ichsfeldhalle (sports hall)

1999 Bauherrenpreis (Einsteinstraße / Hertzstraße) The “Bauherrenpreis” (see earlier entry here for description): award for the refurbishment of apartment buildings in Einstein Street / Hertz Street, Leinefelde

World Habitat Award stage II - Recognition 47 TRANSFER

The Leinefelde project has frequently ties through conferences and reports. In been the subject of reports and reviews in addition, various events have been organ- professional journals and hence has been ized and staged in Leinefelde, which have made accessible to, and indeed aroused made the project known to the majority of much interest from those working in the Thuringia municipalities and their consult- urban development field. High circulation ants. A constant flow of visitors comes to national and regional newspapers, such Leinefelde to learn about the project at as “Die Zeit” and the “Frankfurter Allge- first hand and have direct contact with the meine”, have dedicated extensive articles local actors. to the progress of the project. Television and radio have repeatedly reported on Since Leinefelde faced the problems of Leinefelde. demographic change earlier than most other towns in Thuringia, the municipality The ministry in charge of urban develop- helped the TMBV to adapt the subsidy and ment and housing at the state level (TMBV) other programs to meet the likely upcom- has, since 1995, regularly evaluated the ing demand for them from other towns. results of urban development in Thuringia, Certain elements of the current subsidy and has paid particular attention to the program were, in fact, originally tested in process in Leinefelde. Its results are made Leinefelde. available to all state and other municipali-

National level From its very first phases, the Leinefelde budget of 9 billion Euro for demolition project demonstrated that shrinkage offers and refurbishment. Four years later, an chances for improving urban and housing equivalent program, inspired by the east quality. This helped the federal government German experience, was made available to explain and launch the “Stadtumbau in west Germany. The western ministries Ost 2002 - 2009” (Urban Reconstruc- are in close contact with the TMBV in order tion East 2002 - 2009) program, with a to optimize their state-level programs. West German municipalities, housing societies, architects and town planners visit Leinefelde regularly to learn from the project.

The Bauhaus University Weimar has just started a further vocational training program for professionals based, essentially, on transferring the experiences of Thuring- ia, and, in particular, those of Leinefelde. Several main actors in the Leinefelde project have been recruited as teachers.

48 World Habitat Award stage II - Transfer International level The participation of Leinefelde in the EXPO ant to Leinefelde was engaged as project 2000 World Fair in Hanover aroused director. The Leinefelde approach was considerable international interest. The fol- adapted to the specific context in Algeria lowing selected examples might illustrate and applied in five pilot projects. Local the scope of the subsequent interrelations. actors were trained in participatory planning practices and project implementation. Since 2000, there have been intensive ex- Based on the positive experiences of the changes between Leinefelde and Japanese pilot projects, the training program was scientists, practicing professionals and pol- extended to cover the whole country. In iticians about strategies for urban restruc- addition, political reforms have been initi- turing and refurbishment in circumstances ated to improve the legal, financial and of shrinkage. Japanese study groups come administrative conditions for participatory regularly to Leinefelde. The Leinefelde case and sustainable upgrading processes in has been repeatedly reviewed in Japa- the big housing estates. nese architectural publications and hence conveyed to the professional world there. Several former socialist countries have Similar contacts exist with South Korea and recently joined the European Community scientists of CIB (International Council for and face similar problems to those of Research and Innovation in Building and eastern Germany in 1989. They have, Construction). therefore, an obvious interest in the way eastern Germany dealt, and is dealing Between 1997 and 2004, the German with transformation. The success of the government financed a project for techni- Leinefelde project and its strategies is cal cooperation with Algeria targeted at already attracting the attention of adminis- the restructuring and refurbishment of trations in the new EU member states, and big housing estates built during Algeria’s may in many ways serve as an exemplary socialist era. The town-planning consult- model there also.

Japanese publication: Büchner Street 42-44 Japanese visitors to “Land of Ideas 2006“ on Oktober the 19th 2006

World Habitat Award stage II - Transfer 49 50 World Habitat Award stage II - Referees ANNEX

. r t S r e h c a b n e t i e Bre r iten B ho lzer Str.

6 Ringau 8 4 2 Mühlengasse 12 10 14 37 18 20 - 39 2 41 2 43 39 34 e 39 2 36 aß 30 3 L tr 31 38 fts i 28 4 e ri 9 re 0 i T 2 ke 42 n äc 26 27 B big 44 Ba e el hn s H h 5 4 Post of t 3 2 2 st r 36 2 raß a 38 e e e 42-40 21 ß ß ß a 54 44 Str. 19 tr e - a 52 50 48 46 lrott 7 fs 5 Fuh r 1 o 6 rl- t h Kirche 12 60 hann- Ca n tr. Jo S 5 h 8 6 tt-S 1 a - 4 uhlro r B 18 20 1 Beu 78 - 76 F 55 e renw arl- -13 3 eg -C h 5 ann 59 57 9 16 h c Jo 2 4 7 a 14 5 7 6 7 9 Warenhaus b 3 2 1 2 8 1 1 n 1 1 3 6 4 Mode 10 KAUFLAND An e Haus der L 15 d t Schmeck 1 ut Busbahnhof er i 10 Mitte 2 hers Sch e tra we r ß ll Straße 14 e enb ter B e genstäd Gara ize li g B Hei 5 enw e 5 eg 9 18 Geschäftshaus ß i

9 a 2 0 k 15 1 17 11 Sch r 24 HERFAG

t u

u - lwe 1 - 5 5 16 g n - S

21 19 e 7 0

- g

23 1 1 2 25 7 r 6 ß

e 2 a 6 8-3 0 r r - n 3 t 8 2

9 r S 2 1 3 S -

e MAWA t 2 8

g 3 r r r e - 1 5 Kosmetik a - 1 Kathol. W S b 5 - 3 e t 4 r e e 3 - a t ß ß

ß r s 6 e a a Kirche h d r 3 4 e es t 3 u F W 6 r S ic ie ä 7 2 5 1 3 d r 3 - 4 r - en e h s t 7 8 l 6 11 7 n

d 3 3 1 ä Ge 3 - i t 5 h s 8 1 4 s 9 ch e 5 ü n 3 9 w

- - e e is H g 7 M t 9

i ß e

l S 2 i 0 r-S

e 1 a t 3 5 1 ch 1 9 H 1 a r o 5 7 2 6 9 4 t 9 t ll- - i 1 S - o Am s tr

5 Sti a 1 4 n S 2 e g ß t. g 1 Jo e 1

s r

s ef 1 Sporthalle w K e sternhaus rank 1 4 6 Schwe e 1 e nh 1 1

a B us 3

g 3 1 6 3 1 4 1 1 1 2 - S - 2 1 18 e 3 1 8 ü ß 1 5 - 4 1 d 5 - a

5 Grund- u. Realschule 3 6 - - r s 1 1 1 1 t t 3 7 r 2 3 7 Konrad - Hentrich a 3 67 Kathol. S - ß 7 - 11 1 g e Kita 9 r 65 Stra - ß 2 enba 8 ua u 7 m 1 Garag t 1 2 - 8 1 en h b 45 of Staatl. Berufsbildende Südstra 47 49 63 ße m 1 Schule KVHS Internat e

9 Südstr 61 x aße u 4 6 Sport 6 halle L

8 - 10 1 8 - a 9 10 - B 16 16 s 18 20 i o r

Zentraler k R

u Ko Platz n nr g ad - Martin S traße e g

e e g S g e w 20a e g aß t n r r w e t a e w n S ß n w 6 r h

2 e g 6 c e n o 2

0 e 2 u h e

h 4 1 - 8 6 ser c h - 9 1 w 7 0 A B - 3 c n

1 Ei 6 äu -

e 3

6 - - -

Es 1 0 lh

m 6

- 6 l h

U ü 2 8 8

0 1 9 M 1 1 0 2

12 8 - 120 4 4 1 8 - 144 An - 2 der 4 8 B 3 aums chule

An der Baumschule 12 - 16 Jahnstraße Soziales g Flie e Telekom Zentrum de w rw r eg e Jahnstraße d Pension Clara Zetkin Straße n u 2 - 14 l

o B H i

u 26 - 22 26

Schwimmbad n

g 12 - - 2 12

St r Weißdo ß 16 - 26 rnwe a g r r

S e ß g -

ß e e z a t r i w t 20 - 14 20 -

w n S - 28 34

e r l g h G e o e ins e s l terw K e u - h g w

ä e n c h AWO S e l h

t s h 28 - 22 28 - Kindergarten

ä o ü

r K M d l Lilo - Hermann - Straße Ginsterweg i W 23 - 1 36 - 30 36 -

Sc hleh Am enw R eg ic ht G.-W.-Leibniz ebe rg Gymnasium DRK Kindergarten "Sonnenschein"

Hertzstraße 7 - 1 37 - 25 23 - 9 2a e ß a r t

S Sporthalle - 2 8 r e s 8- 2 u ä h hl 18 ü 14 - 10 - 14 M Jugendzentrum 11

- Internat 41 13

7 3 2 9 Go 16 - 20 Berufsbildende Schule - eth 33 es Obereichsfelder B Eichsfeld tr Gaußstraße 9 aß Bildungswerk 60 42 - 15 e 10 28 - i - r

u 5 44 22 - 26 1 n - 17 g 2 7 42 1 Hahnstraße e -

r - 6 Sporthalle S

19 t

3 r 2 e ß 0 a 4 ß

Stormstraße 2 - 8

2 - 8 Mozartstraße

17 - 31 17 - Kino 39 - 37 7 - 1 15 - 9 7 - 1 12

e 13 Schillerstraße

43 - 41 43 aß

r 2

Altenwohnheim st

0 Heinestraße

. 9 15 -

r 16 -10 t

S ven 47 - 45 47 r Schillerstraße o e h Händelstraße s u Altenheim

10 - 14 eet ä 16 - 18 J.C. Fuhlrott h B l 1 - 7 23 - 17 23 - h 0 Grund- und ü 3 9 - 15 17 - 23 M 8 Regelschule

2 Kellerstraße Bachstraße Dienst- 26 6 - 62 leistungs- 31 - 25 31 - 24 10 - 4 zentrum 22 20 - 18 16 - 14 12 - 8 6 - 2 74 - 68 66 - 60 Herderstraße Beethovenstraße Baumarkt

Einkaufen

Joha nne Architektur & Stadtplanung, Dresden Grup pe sstraße

0 50 100 150 200 250 m GRAS * CKoreerns Strategytrategie statusStand February30. Juni 20052005

Geltungsbereichscope of frame Rahmenplanwork Entwicklungsbereichdevelopment individuelles area of individual Wohnen living Zentralercentral Grünzuggreen corridor Zentrumsfunktioncentre function restructuring area “living“ trade and commercial area with govern- central axis stabilizationStabilisierungsbereich area city Innenstadt center Umstrukturierungsbereich Wohnen Gewerbegebiet mit Wirtschaftsförderung Städtische Achse ment funds for trade and industry areaVerflechtungsbereich of maintenance - upgra- Umstrukturierungsbereichrestructuring area Wohnen “commercial /Gewerbe use/ Wohngebiet kein Handlungsbedarf Grüne Achsegreen axis ding with strategic demolition use for different purposes trade“ residential area no necessary change Kernbereich Versorgungszentrum mit regionalem Einzugsbereich Grüne Achse maintenance center with regional commu- core area ter-belt

World Habitat Award stage II - Annex 53 9

15 9

15 2 15 8 8 8

14 13

5 15*

15* 2

15*

9 15*

2 2

15* 15* 4 10

7 15 1

15* 12 11 1

15*

16 15* 15* 15* 1

15*

14 3 15 15

14 159 7 15 15* 15 15 15 15 4 6

16 15 9 15 11

15 16

0 50 100 150 200 250 m Architektur & Stadtplanung, Dresden Grup pe GRAS * Master Plan status February 2005 scope of framework social infrastructure open spaces tree edge covered with greenery integration area city center commercial infrastructure open spaces assigned to housing tree grove upgrading with strategic demolition traffic private open spaces intensive greenery restructuring area Japanese garden car park public open spaces „living“ other road open spaces assigned to public differentiated ground plans of flats important footpaths/ squares purposes garages development area main foot- and cycle paths sports field / playground technical infrastructure

54 World Habitat Award stage II - Annex . r t S r e h c a b n e t i e Bre r iten B ho lzer Str.

6 Ringau 8 4 2 Mühlengasse 12 10 14 37 18 20 - 39 2 41 2 43 39 34 e 39 2 36 aß 30 3 L tr 31 38 fts i 28 4 e ri 9 re 0 i T 2 ke 42 n äc 26 27 B big 44 Ba e el hn s H h 5 4 Post of t 3 2 2 st r 36 2 raß a 38 e e e 42-40 21 ß ß ß a 54 44 Str. 19 tr e - a 52 50 48 46 lrott 7 fs 5 Fuh r 1 o 6 rl- t h Kirche 12 60 hann- Ca n tr. Jo S 5 h 8 6 tt-S 1 a - 4 uhlro r B 18 20 1 Beu 78 - 76 -F 55 e renw arl -13 3 eg -C h 5 ann 59 57 9 16 h c Jo 2 4 7 a 14 5 7 6 7 9 Warenhaus b 3 2 1 2 8 1 1 n 1 1 3 6 4 Mode 10 KAUFLAND An e Haus der L 15 d t Schmeck 1 ut Busbahnhof er i 10 Mitte 2 hers Sch e tra we r ß ll Straße 14 e enb ter B e genstäd Gara ize li g B Hei 5 enw e 5 eg 9 18 Geschäftshaus ß i

9 a 2 0 k 15 1 17 11 Sch r 24 HERFAG t u

u - lwe 1 - 5 5 16 g n - S

21 19 e 7 0

- g

23 1 1 2 25 7 r 6 ß

e 2 a 6 8-3 0 r r - n 3 t 8 2

9 r 3 S 2 1 S -

e MAWA t 2 8

g 3 r r r e - 1 5 Kosmetik

- a 1 Kathol. W S b 5 - 3 e t 4 r e e 3 - a t ß ß

ß r s 6 e a a Kirche h d r 3 4 e es t 3 u F W 6 r S ic ie ä 7 2 5 1 3 d r 3 - r - en e h 4 s t 7 8 l 6 11 7 n

d 3 1 ä Ge 3 - i t 5 h s 8 1 4 s 9 ch e 5 ü n 3 9 w

- - e e is H g t 7 M 9

i ß e

l S 2 i 0 r-S

e 1 a t 3 5 1 ch 1 9 H 1 a r o 5 7 2 6 9 4 t 9 t ll- - i 1 S - o Am s tr

5 Stie a 1 4 n S 2 g ß t. g 1 Jo e 1

s r

s ef 1 Sporthalle w K e sternhaus rank 1 4 6 Schwe e 1 e nh 1 1

a B us 3

g 3 1 6 3 1 4 1 1 1 2 - S - 2 1 18 e 3 1 8 ü ß 1 5 - 4 1 d 5 - Grund- u. Realschule a 5 3 6 - - r s 1 1 1 1 t t 3 Konrad - Hentrich 7 r 2 3 7 a 3 67 Kathol. S - ß 7 - 11 1 g e Kita 9 r 65 Stra - ß 2 enba 8 ua u 7 m 1 Garag t 1 2 - 8 1 enh 45 of Staatl. Berufsbildende Südstra 47 49 63 ße mb 1 Schule KVHS Internat e

9 Südstr 61 x aße u 4 6 Sport 6 halle L

8 - 10 1 8 - a 9 10 - B 16 16 s 18 20 i o r

Zentraler k R

u Ko Platz n nr g ad - Martin S traße e g

e e g S g e w 20a e g aß t n r r w e t a e w n S ß n w 6 r h

2 e g 6 c e n o 2

0 e 2 u h e

h 4 1 - 8 6 ser c h - 9 1 w 7 0 A B - 3 c n

1 Ei 6 äu -

e 3

6 - - -

Es 1 0 lh

m 6

- 6 l h

U ü 2 8 8

0 1 9 M 1 1 0 2

12 8 - 120 4 4 1 8 - 144 An - 2 der 4 8 B 3 aums chule

An der Baumschule 12 - 16 Jahnstraße Soziales g Flie e Telekom Zentrum de w rw r eg e Jahnstraße d Pension Clara Zetkin Straße n u 2 - 14 l

o B H i

u 26 - 22 26

Schwimmbad n

g 12 - - 2 12

St r Weißdo ß 16 - 26 rnwe a g r r

S e ß g -

ß e e z a t r i w t 20 - 14 20 -

w n S - 28 34

e r l g h G e o e ins e s l terw K e u - h g w

ä e n c h AWO S e l h

t s h 28 - 22 28 - Kindergarten

ä o ü

r K M d l Lilo - Hermann - Straße Ginsterweg i W 23 - 1 36 - 30 36 -

Sc hleh Am enw R eg ic ht G.-W.-Leibniz ebe rg Gymnasium DRK Kindergarten "Sonnenschein"

Hertzstraße 7 - 1 37 - 25 23 - 9 2a e ß a r t

S Sporthalle - 2 8 r e s 8- 2 u ä h hl 18 ü 14 - 10 - 14 M Jugendzentrum 11

- Internat 41 13

7 3 2 9 Go 16 - 20 Berufsbildende Schule - eth 33 es Obereichsfelder B Eichsfeld tr Gaußstraße 9 aß Bildungswerk 60 42 - 15

40 10 28 - e i - r

u 5 44 22 - 26 1 n - 17 g 120 2 7 42 1 Hahnstraße e -

r - 6 Sporthalle S

19 t

3 39 r 2 e ß 0 a

4 ß

a 15 - 9 Planckstraße r - e 0 t Goethestraße B 1 21 o s 25 - 21 17 - 9 7 - 1 Herschelstraße n r if - 4 9 at e 3 e iu 6 n Einsteinstraße s 1 h ß w 2 c 3 23 a e Lessingstraße r g ü t - Gaußstraße s B 7 - 1 e Kirche Albert Schweitzer 30 - 36 n 6 - 42 36 i 18 2 25 e Grund- und Regelschule - 10 - 24 44 - 50 52 - 58 H 24 2 0 26 - 32 1 45 - 6 Lisztstraße 1 z 28 t - la 22 p 20 s - u 14 ti 36 60 a if 33 - 25 23 - 19 n Lisztstraße o B 2 1

Stormstraße 2 - 8

2 - 8 Mozartstraße

17 - 31 17 - Kino 39 - 37 7 - 1 15 - 9 7 - 1 12

e 13 Schillerstraße

43 - 41 43 aß 66 r 2

Altenwohnheim st

0 Heinestraße

. 9 15 -

r 16 -10 t

S ven 47 - 45 47 r Schillerstraße o e h Händelstraße s u Altenheim

10 - 14 eet ä 16 - 18 J.C. Fuhlrott h B l 1 - 7 23 - 17 23 - h 0 Grund- und

3 60 ü 9 - 15 17 - 23 M 8 Regelschule

2 Kellerstraße Bachstraße 42 Dienst- 26 120 - 62 leistungs- 72 25 31 - 24 10 - 4 zentrum 22 20 - 18 16 - 14 12 - 8 6 - 2 74 - 68 66 - 60 Herderstraße Beethovenstraße Baumarkt

Einkaufen

Joha nne Architektur & Stadtplanung, Dresden Grup pe sstraße

0 50 100 150 200 250 m GRAS * Dismantling and Demolition Concept status February 2005 scope of framework restructuring area “living“ accomplished demolition partial demolition accomplished long-term preservations restructuring area “commercial use/ planned demolition planned partial demolition long-term strategic demolition/ use for different purposes trade“ numbre of living units, planned project of refurbishment 40 demolition / or demoliton in pre- paration

World Habitat Award stage II - Annex 55 0 50 100 150 200 250 m * Gruppe Architektur & * Architektur Stadtplanung, Dresden Gruppe

BuildingsSchwarzpla 1992n 1992 GRAS

56 World Habitat Award stage II - Annex 0 50 100 150 200 250 m * * Gruppe Stadtplanung,Architektur & Dresden

BuildingsSchwarzplan NovemberNovember 200 62006 GRAS

World Habitat Award stage II - Annex 57 S traßenb auamt G aragen

Kindergarten AWO

0 50 100 150 200 250 m * * Gruppe Stadtplanung,Architektur & Dresden * * Gruppe Stadtplanung,Architektur & Dresden GRAS GRAS BuildingsSchhwwaarzrpzlpalna n2010N o2v0em10ber 2006 Future housing area GRAS

58 World Habitat Award stage II - Annex