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A Ampere ABI Application Binary Interface- Specification for hardware platform and operating system ABR Available Bit Rate traffic - ATM networking level ABR AutoBaud Rate detect AC Alternating Current. Also Audio Codec. ACD Automatic Call Distribution - Routing of an incoming telephone call to next available operator ACE Advanced Environment - Open standard based on UNIX and Windows NT ACIA Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter ACK Acknowledge, signal ACP Audio Control Panel ACPI Advanced Configuration Power Interface ACPR Adjacent Channel Power Ratio ACS Asynchronous Communications Server - Communications server managing pool of modems ACTS Advanced Communications Technologies and Services A/D Analogue to Digital ADB Apple Desktop - Macintosh communications port for input devices ADC Analogue to Digital Converter ADCCP Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures ADLC Advanced Data Link Controller ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation ADS AutoCAD Development System - Facility allowing C routines to be run from within AutoCAD ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Lines ADT Asynchronous Data Transfer - Transmission technique used in ISDN PBXs to allocate bandwidth AF Audio Frequency AFC Automatic Frequency Control AFDEC Association of Franchised Distributors of Electronic Components AFE Apple File Exchange AFM Atomic Force Microscopy AFP Appletalk Filing Protocol AGC Automatic Gain Control AGP Accelerated Graphics Port AGP Advanced Graphics Port AI Artificial Intelligence AIM Apple/IBM/Motorola AIX Advanced Interactive eXecutive ALC Automatic Level Control ALU AM Amplitude Modulation; also Active Matrix. AMD Advanced Micro Devices AMA American Electronics Association AMI American Megatrends Inc AMPS Analogue Mobile Phone system A/N Alphanumeric ANA Article Numbering Association

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ANDF Architecture Neutral Distributed Format ANI Automatic Number Identification ANR Active Noise Reduction ANSI American National Standards Institute AOL America Online APA All Points Addressable APC Automatic Phase Control API Application Programming Interface APM Advanced Advanced Program-to-Program Communications - IBM protocol analogous to OSI model's session APPC layer APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking APT Automatic Programmed Tools ARC Advanced RISC Computing ARCHIE ARCHIvE ARCNET Attached Resource NETwork ARDIS Advanced National Radio Data Service ARP Address Resolution Protocol ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ARQ Automatic ReQuest for repeat ASA American Standards Association ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASIC Application Specific ASK Amplitude Shift Keying ASP Analogue signal ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface ASSP Application Specific Standard Part ASRP Application Specific RISC Processor AT Advanced Technology ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing ATE Automatic Test Equipment ATG Automatic Test Generation ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATRAC Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding ATS Application Technology Satellite AUI Attachment Unit Interface AUTODIN AUTOmatic DIgital Network AUX AUXiliary AV Audio/Visual AVC Automatic Volume Control AVC Audio Visual Connection AVI Audio Video Interleaved AVK Audio Video Kernel AVSS Audio/Video Subsystem. - Part of DVI standard BASIC Beginners’ All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BBD Bucket Brigade Device BBS Bulletin Board System BCC Bump Chip Carrier BCC Block Check Character BCD Binary Coded Decimal BCI BroadCast Interference BCPA British Copyright Protection Association BCS British Computer Society BCS Basic Control System

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BDM Background Debug Mode BDOS Basic Disk Operating System BE Back End BEDO Burst Extended Data Out BEM Boundary Element Method BER Bit Error Rate BEV Billion Electron Volts BFT Binary File Transfer BGA Ball Grid Array BIB British Interactive Broadcasting BICMOS Bipolar Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor BIFET BIpolar Field-Effect Transistor BIMOS Bipolar Metal Oxide Semiconductor BIOS Basic Input/Output System BISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network BIST Built In Self Test BITE Built In Test Equipment BJT Bipolar junction transistor BLT Boundary Block Transfer BMMG British Microcomputer Manufacturers' Group BNC Bayonet Nut Connector BNC Baby N Connector BNF Backus Naur Form BPI Bits Per Inch BPS Bits Per Second Bytes/s Bytes Per Second BSA Business Software Alliance BSC Binary Synchronous Communications BSD Berkeley Standard Distribution BSE Broadcast Satellite Experiment BSI British Standards Institution BSRAM Burst SRAM BT British Telecom BTAM Basic Terminal Access Method BTB Branch Target Buffer BTU British Thermal Units BW BandWidth CAB Configurable Analogue Blocks CAD Computer Aided Design CAE Computer Aided Engineering CAE Computer Aided Education CAE Computer Assisted Education CAI Computer Aided Instruction CAI Common air Interface CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing CAM Content Addressable Memory CAMU Communications Audio Management Unit CAN Controller Area Network CAS Column-Address Strobe - Logic signal CASE Computer Assisted Software Engineering CAT Computerised Axial Tomography CATV Cable Television CB Citizens' Band CB Customer Box CBA Based Array

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CBI Complementary Binary CBIC Cell Based Integrated Circuit CBR Continuous Bit Rate traffic - High priority level in ATM networking C&C Communication & Control C&C Command & Control CC Constant Current CCD Charge Coupled Device CCFP Common Control Fixed Part CCIR Committee Consultation International Radiocommunications CCIS Command and Control Information Systems CCITT Consultative Committee of International Telephony and Telegraphy CCS Communications Control System CCTV Closed Circuit TeleVision CCU Communications CD CDC Control Data Corporation CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface CD-I Compact Disc Interactive CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data CDR Compact Disc Recordable CDRAM Cached DRAM (See EDRAM) CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory CD-ROM XA CD-ROM eXtended Architecture CDV Compact Disc Video CDWORM Compact Disc Write-Once/Read-Many CE Communaute Europe CECL Cascade Emitter-Coupled Logic CEMF ElectroMotive Force CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation CerDIP Ceramic Dual Inline Package CERN Conseil Europ�en pour la Recherche Nucl�aire CES Consumer Electronics Show CF Centre Frequency CFB Current FeedBack CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics CFI CAD Framework Initiative CGA Colour Graphics Adapter CGI Computer Graphics Interface CGM Computer Graphics Metafile CHBW CHannel BandWidth CHKDSK CHecK DiSK CI Common Interface CIF Common Intermediate Format CIME Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Engineering CIRC Cross-Interleaved Reed-solomon Code CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference CL Current Loop CLA Lookahead CLRC Central Laboratory of the Research Councils CLS Clear Screen CLV Constant Linear Velocity CMC Common Mail Calls CMIP Common Management Information Protocols

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CMIS Common Management Information Services CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CMRS Commercial Mobile Radio Service CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-blacK CNC Computerised Numerical Control COBALT COncurrent Broadcast Array Logic Technology COBOL COmmon Business Oriented Language COBRA Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance and Analysis system CODEC COder-DECoder COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex COG Chip On Glass COMSAT COMmunication SATellite corporation COMTEC COmputer Micrographics and TEChnology COSE Common Open Software Environment COTS Commercial Off The Shelf CPD Continuing Professional Development CPE Customer Premises Equipment CPI Characters Per Inch CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device CP/M Control Program for Microcomputers CPS Characters Per Second CPU CQFP Ceramic Quad-FlatPack CRC Cyclical Redundancy Check - Error detection scheme CRT Cathode Ray Tube CS Control Strobe - Logic signal CSA Canadian Standards Association - UL's Canadian counterpart CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple-Access with Collision Detect CTA Cordless Terminal Adapter CTC Counter/Timer Circuit CTI Computer Telephony Integration CTM Cordless Terminal Mobility CTS Clear To Send - Protocol signal CV Constant Voltage CVD Chemical Vapour Deposition CW Carrier Wave CW Continuous Waves D/A Digital to Analogue DAA Data Access Arrangement DAA Decimal Adjust DAA Direct Access Arrangement DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting DAC Digital to Analogue Converter DAC Data Acquisition and Control DAL Data Access Lines DAM DECT Authentication Module D-AMPS Digital Analogue Mobile Phone system DAQ Data AcQuisition DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DASD Direct Access Storage Device DAT Digital Audio Tape DAV Data AVailable/DatA Valid - Logic signal DAVID Digital Audio Video Interactive Decoder dB DeciBel

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dBA DeciBels Adjusted DBA Data Base Administrator DBAM DataBase Access Method DBI DataBase Index dBK DeciBels - referred to 1 Kilowatt dBM DeciBels - above or below 1 milliwatt DBMS Data Base Management System DBOS Disk-Based Operating System DBR Dos Boot Record dBV DeciBels - Voltage dBX DeciBels - above reference coupling DC Direct Current DC Data Conversion DCC Digital Compact Cassette DCC Direct Cable Connection DCD Data Carrier Detect - Protocol signal DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment DCE Data Communications Equipment DCE Environment DCI Display Control Interface DCOM Distributed Common Object Model DCP Display Control Program DCR Data Conversion Receiver DCR Digital Conversion Receiver DCS Distributed Control System DCS Data Carrier System DCT Discrete Cosine Transform DCTL Direct Coupled Transistor Logic DD Double Density DDA Digital Differential Analyser DDC Digital Display Channel DDC Direct Digital Control DDC Display Data Channel DDC Digital Down Converter DDCE Digital Data Conversion Equipment DDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol DDD Direct Distance Dialling DDE Dynamic Data Exchange DDL Data Definition Language DEA Data Encryption Algorithm DEC Digital Equipment Corporation DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications DERA Defence Evaluation Research Agency DES Data Encryption Standard DES Digital Encryption Standard DF Direction Finder DFD Data Flow Diagram DFM Design For Manufacture DFT Design For Test DIB Data Input Bus DID Direct Inward Dialling DIGICOM DIGItal COMmunications system DIL Dual In Line DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module DIN Deutsche Industrie Normenausschuss

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DIP Dual In line Package DIS Draft International Standard DISOSS DIStributed Office Supported System DIY Do It Yourself DLC Dual Layer Capacitor DLL Dynamic Link Library DLS Digital Subscriber Lines DMA Direct Memory Access DMASS Distributors and Manufacturers Association of Semiconductor Specialists DMF Distribution Media Format DML Data Manipulation Language DMM Digital MultiMeter DMOS Double-diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor DMT Discrete Multitone modulationTransceiver DMX Digital Media Extension DNA DEC Network Architecture DNC Direct Numerical Control DNS Domain Name Server DoD Department of Defense - US defence department DoI Department of Industry DOR Digital Optical Recording DOS Disk Operating System DOT Digital Online Terminal DoT Department of Transport DP Data Processing DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modulation DPDT Dual Pole Dual Throw DPE Data Parity Error DPI Dots Per Inch DPMA Data Processing Management Association DPP Distributed Parallel Processing DPS Data Processing System DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying DPSRAM Dual Port SRAM DPST Dual Pole Single Throw DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory DRAW Direct Read After Write DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture DS Double Sided DS Data Strobe - Logic signal DSA Distributed Systems Architecture DSA Data Set Adapter DSA Algorithm DSO Digital Storage Oscilloscope DSP (or Processing) DSR Data Set Ready DSS Decision Support System DSS Digital Spread Spectrum DSS Decision Support System DSS Digital Signature Standard DST Dynamic Stress Testing Digital Signal level 3. A North American digital hierarchy signalling standard for transmission at DS3 44.736Mbit/s DTC Data Terminal Controller DTE Data Terminating Equipment

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DTI Department of Trade & Industry DTL Diode Transistor Logic - Predecessor of TTL DTMF Dual-Tone MultiFrequency - Standard for touch tones telephones DTP Desk Top Publishing DTR Data Terminal Ready - Protocol signal DTS Distributed Time Services DTV Digital TV DUT Device Under Test DUV Data Under Voice DVB Digital Video Broadcasting DVBIRD Digital Video Broadcasting Integrated Receiver/Decoder DVD Digital Video Disc DVI Digital Video Interactive DVM Digital VoltMeter DVT Design Verification Testing DWMT Discrete wavelet multitone DWT Discrete wavelet transform or Discrete wavelet tone E1 A digital transmission link with a capacity of 2.048Mbit/s E3 A digital transmission link with a capacity of 34.368Mbit/s EAB Embedded Array Block EAN European Article Numbering EAPROM Electrically Alterable Programmable Read-Only Memory EAROM Electrically Alterable Read-Only Memory EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code EBR Electron Beam Recording EBU European Broadcasting Union ECC Emitter Coupled Circuits ECC Error Checking and Correction ECC Error Correction Code ECCM Electronic Counter Counter Measures ECHO European Commission Host Organisation ECL Emitter Coupled Logic ECM Electronic Counter Measures ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association ECO Electron Coupled Oscillator EDA Electronic Design Automation EDC Error Detection Code EDE Embedded Development Environment EDI Electronic Data Interchange EDIF Electronic Data Interchange Format EDO Extended Data Out EDP Electronic Data Processing EDPM Electronic Data Processing Machine EDPS Electronic Data Processing System EDRAM Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory EDS Electronic Data Systems EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory E2PROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EEROM Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory EFT Electronic Funds Transfer EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter EIA Electronics Industries Association EIDE Enhanced Integrated Device Electronic EISA Enhanced (or Extended) Industry Standard Architecture EL ElectroLuminescent

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ELF Extremely Low Frequency EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EMCTLA EMC Test Laboratory Association EMF ElectroMotive Force EMF Enhanced MetaFile EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference EMM Expanded Memory Manager EMP ElectroMagnetic Pulse EMS Expanded Memory Specification EMV Europay, Mastercard, Visa ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And ENOB Effective Number Of Bits EOB End Of Block EOF End Of File EOL End Of Line EOM End Of Message EOR End Of Record EOR Exclusive OR EOT End Of Transmission EPAC Electrically Programmable Analogue Circuit EPLD Electrically Programmable Logic Device EPOS Electronic Point of Sale EPP Enhanced EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory EPSMA European Power Supply Manufacturers Association? EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EQ EQualiser ESA European Space Agency ESC EScape Character ESD ElectroStatic Discharge ESD Electrostatic Sensitive Device ESDA Electronic System Design Automation ESDI Enhanced Small Devices Interface ESMR Enhanced Specialised Mobile Radio ESR Equivalent Series Resistance ETACS European Total Access Communications System ETB End of Transmission Block ETL Enhanced Ttransceiver Logic ETS European Telecommunications Standard ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EU European Union EUT Equipment Under Test eV Electron Volt FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAT File Allocation Table FAX FACSimile FCC Federal Communications Commission FCFS First Come-First Served FCIC Full Custom Integrated Circuit FCT Fast CMOS Technology FD Full Duplex FDC Controller FDD Floppy Disk Drive FDDI Fibre Distributed Data Interface FDI Flash Data Integrator

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FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access FDOS Floppy Disk Operating System FDOS Floppy Disk Operating System FDX Full-Duplex Transmission FEA Finite Element Analysis FED Field Emission Display FEI Federation of the Electronics Industry FET Field Effect Transistor FF Fieldbus Foundation FF Flip Flop FFT Fast Fourier Transform FHD Fixed Head Disk FHMA Frequency Hopping Multiple Access FIFO First-In First-Out FILO First-In Last-Out FINTEL FINancial Times ELectronic FIR Finite Impulse Response filter FLIR Forward Looking InfraRed FM Frequency Modulation FMV Full Motion Video FORTH FOuRTH-generation language FORTRAN FORmula TRANslation FP Floating Point FPGA Field Programmable FPLA Field Programmable Logic Array FPM Fast Page Mode FPS Frames per second FPU Floating Point Unit FRU Field-Replaceable Unit FSF Free Software Foundation FSK Frequency Shift Keying FSM Frequency Shift Modulation FSTN Film Super Twisted Nematic FT Fixed Termination FTAM File Transfer Access and Management FTP File Transfer Protocol FVC Frequency to Voltage Converter GB GigaByte GA Gate Array GAL Generic Array Logic GaAs Gallium Arsenide GaAlAs Gallium Aluminium Arsenide GAP Generic Access Profile GCS Gate Controller GDI Graphics Device Interface GDS Global Directory Services GDT Graphic Display Terminal GFCI Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter GFI Ground Fault Interrupter GFLOPS Giga - 109 FLOating Point Operations Per Second GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying GHz Gigahertz GIGO Garbage In Garbage Out GIRL Generalised Information Retrieval Language

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gif Graphics Interchange Format GIS Geographic Information System GKS Graphics Kernel System GLB Generic Logic Block GMM Graphical MultiMeter GMR Giant Magneto Resistance GND GrouND GNU Gnu's Not UNIX GPF General Protection Fault GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus GPS Global Positioning System GRP Global Routing Pool GSI Graphic Structure Input GSM Global System for Mobile communications GTL Gunning Transceiver Logic GUI Graphical User Interface HAL Hardwired Array Logic HART Highway Addressable Remote Transducer HCMOS High-density Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor HD Hard Disk HDB Home Data Base HDC Hard Disk Controller HDD HDD Head Down Display HDL Hardware Description Language HDLC High Level Data Link Control HDSL High speed Digital Subscriber Lines HDTV High Definition TeleVision HDX Half Duplex HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor HER High Efficiency Red - As in an LED HET Heterodyne HEU Headset electronic Unit HF High Frequency HFS Hierarchical File System HIC Hybrid Integrated Circuit HI-FI HIgh FIdelity HIPO Hierarchy Input, , Output HISAM Hierarchical Indexed Sequential Access Method HLL High Level Language HLS Hue Luminance Saturation HMA High Memory Area HMD Helmet Mounted Display HMOS High-density Metal Oxide Semiconductor HOOD Hierarchical Object Oriented Design HP Hewlett Packard HPIB Hewlett Packard Interface Bus - Identical to GPIB HPIL Hewlett Packard Interface Loop HPC Handheld PC HPFS High Performance File System HPGL Hewlett Packard Graphics Language HS Helical Scan HSM High-Speed Memory HSSI High Speed Serial Interface HSV Hue-Saturation-Value

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HTL High Threshold Logic HTML HyperText Markup Language HTS Helmet Tracking System HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol HUD Head Up Display HVDC High Voltage Direct Current HVPS High Voltage Power Supply Hz Hertz - Cycles per second I2C Integrated InterConnect I2ICE Integrated Instrumentation and InCircuit Emulation I2L Integrated Injection Logic IA Instrumentation Amplifier IBM International Business Machines IC Integrated Circuit ICE In-Circuit Emulator (or Emulation) ICL International Ltd IDC International Data Corporation IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform IDE Integrated Device Electronics or Intelligent Drive Electronics Integrated Development Environment; IDE also Integrated Drive Electronics IDVC Integrated Data/Voice Channel IEE Institute of Electrical Engineers IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEIE Institute of Electronics and Electrical Incorporated Engineers IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IF Intermediate Frequency IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Standard IGFET Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor IIE Institute of Industrial Engineers IIL Integrated Injection Logic IIR Infinite Impulse Response filter ILD Injection Laser Diode IMECHIE Institute of MECHanical Incorporated Engineers InP Indium Phosphide INTELSAT INternational TELecommunications SATellite consortium I/O Input/Output IP Internet Protocol - see TCP/IP IP Intellectual Property IPC Interprocess Communication Services IPGA Inverted Pin Grid Array IPSEC Internet Protocol SECurity IPUI International Portable User Identity IPX Internetwork Protocol Exchange IR InfraRed IRAS InfraRed Astronomical Satellite [Space] IRD Integrated Receiver/Decoder IRDA InfraRed Data Association IRED InfraRed Emitting Diode IRQ Interrupt ReQuest IRTF Internet Research Task Force ISA Industry Standard Architecture ISA Instrument Society of America ISAM Indexed Sequential Access Method

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ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISN Information Systems Network ISO International Standards Organisation ISP Internet Service Provider ISP In System Programmable ISPBX Integrated Systems PBX ISV Independent Software Vendor IT Information Technology ITAC ISDN Terminal Adapter Circuit ITC InterTool Communications ITT International Telephone and Telegraph ITU International Telecommunications Union IVD Integrated Voice Data IVTS International Video Teleconferencing Service JBC Java Byte Code JBEM Joint Board for Engineering Management JCL Job Control Language JEDEC Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council JEIDA Japanese Electronic Industry Development Association JFET Junction Field Effect Transistor JIS Japanese Industrial Standard JIT Just-In-Time JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory JTAG Joint Test Action Group JUG Joint Users Group JVM Java Virtual Machine K Kelvin K Kilo - 103 KA KiloAmpere -1000A KB Kilobits KBPS KiloBits Per Second KBytes Kilobytes KEV Kilo Electron Volts KHz KiloHertz KVA Kilo Volt Amps KW Kilowatt KWH Kilowatthour L2FET Logic Level Field Effect Transistor LAN Local Area Network LASCR Light Activated Silicon Controlled Rectifier LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation LBA Linear Block Array LC Inductance and Capacitance LCD Liquid Crystal Display LCM Least/Lowest Common Multiple LD Line Driver LDMOS Lateral Double diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor LDO Low DropOut LE Local Exchange LEC Local Exchange Carrier LED Light Emitting Diode LEP Light Emitting Polymer LF Line Feed LF Low Frequency

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LFO Low Frequency Oscillator LIFO Last-In First-Out LIM Lotus--Microsoft LIPS Logical Inferences Per Second LISN Line Interference Stabilisation Network LISP LISt Processing - Programming language LLC Logical Link Control - Layer of OSI standard LMDS Local Multipoint (or Microwave) Distribution Service (or System) LO Local Oscillator LON Local Operating Network LORAN LOng RAnge Navigation LP Low Pass LPC Linear Predictive Coding LPGA Laser Programmable Gate Array LQ Letter Quality LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Check LSB Least Significant Byte LSb Least Significant Bit LSD Least Significant Digit LSI Large Scale Integration LUT Look Up Table LV Low Voltage LVD Low Voltage Directive LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signalling LVPSU Low Voltage PSU LW Long Wave M Mega - 106 MAC Multiplexed Analogue Components MAC Media Access Control - Sub layer of OSI standard MAC Multiplier-ACcumulator MAN Metropolitan Area Network MAP Application Project MAP Manufacturing Automation Protocol MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation MAT Machine Aided Translation Mb Megabit MB Megabyte MbPS Megabits Per Second MBPS Megabytes Per Second MBR Master Boot Record MCA Micro Channel Architecture MCGA Multi-Colour Graphics Array MCI Media Control Interface MCLED Micro Cavity LED MCM MultiChip Module MCU MicroComputer Unit MDA Mechanical Design Automation MDA Monochrome Display Adapter MDAC Multiplying Digital to Analogue Converter MDI Multiple Document Interface MDS Multipoint Distribution System MESFET Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor MFLOPS Mega FLOating Point Operations per Second MFM Modified Frequency Modulation

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MGA Masked Gate Array MHS Message Handling Systems MHz Megahertz MIB Microelectronics In Business MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition MICRON Millionth of a metre (10-6) MIDAS Multimade International Data Acquisition Service MIDI Musical Instrument Data Interface MIL MILitary MIMD Multiple-Instruction Multiple-Data MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions MIPS Million MIRS Motorola Integrated Radio system MIS Management Information System MISD Multiple-Instruction Single Data ML MultiLayer MLB MultiLayer Board MMI Man Machine Interface MMU MMX MultiMedia eXtensions MNP Microcom Network Protocol MO Magneto Optical MO Master Oscillator MODEM MOdulator/DEModulator MOPS Millions of Operations Per Second MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor MOV Metal Oxide Varistor MP MultiProcessor MPC Multimedia Personal Computer MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group MPP Massively Parallel Processor MPS Micro Port Saver MPSK Minimum Phase Shift Keying MPU MicroProcessor Unit MQFP Metal Quad Flat Pack MR Magnetic Resonance MRP Manufacturing Resource Planning MSB Most Significant Byte MSb Most Significant bit MSC Mobile Services Switching Centre MSD Most Significant Digit MS-DOS MicroSoft Disk Operating System MSI Medium Scale Integration MSN MicroSoft Network MTA Message Transfer Agent MTBF Mean Time Between Failures MTBM Mean Time Between Maintenance MTF Modulation Transfer Function MTS Message Transfer System MTTF Mean Time To Failure MTTR Mean Time To Recovery MTTR Mean Time To Repair MUMPS MUltiplex MicroProcessor System MUX

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MVDS Multipoint Video Distribution System MVS Multiple Virtual Storage NAM Network Access Machine NAMAS National Accreditation of Measurement And Sampling N-AMPS Narrowband Analogue Mobile Phone system NAND Not AND NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NBS National Bureau of Standards NC Network Computer NC Numerical Control NC Not Connected NC Normally Closed NCR National Cash Registers NCSC National Computer Security Center - Arm of the US National Security NDR Network Data Representation NEC Nippon Electric Corporation NEDA National Electronics Distributors Association NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMI National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative NEST Novell Embedded Systems Technology NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System NF NanoFarad - measure of capacitance NFM Network File Manager NFS Network File Server NFS Network File System NFU Not Frequently Used NIC Network Information Centre NiCad Nickel Cadmium - Rechargeable battery NiMH Nickel Metal Hydride NISRC Northern Ireland Semiconductor Research Centre NLQ Near Letter Quality NMH Nickel Metal Hydride NMI National Microelectronics Institute NMI Non-Maskable Interrupt NMOS Negative-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMS Network management system NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone NN Neural Network NO Normally Open NO-OP NO-OPeration instruction NOP No OPeration NOR Not OR NORAD NORth American Defense NOS Network Operating System NPL National Physical Laboratory NPN Negative Positive Negative NRE Non Recurring Engineering NRFM Non-volatile Ram File Manager NRU Not-Recently Used NRZ Non Return to Zero NRZI Non Return to Zero Invert NSA National Security Agency NSF National Science Foundation NSP Native Signal Processing

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NTACS Nippon Total Access Communications System NTC Negative Temperature Coefficient NTFS New Technology File System NTSC National Television Standards Committee NTT Nippon Telephone & Telegraph NUMA Non NUI Network User Identification NVG Night Vision Goggle NVRAM NonVolatile Random Access Memory OA&M Operations, Administration and Maintenance OC Open Collector Optical Carrier. A range of standards applying to optical communications. For example. OC-1 OC 51.84Mbit/s OCR Optical Character Recognition OCXO Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator ODBC open database connectivity ODI Open Datalink Interface OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation OFS Open File System OLE Object Linking and Embedding OLRT On-Line Real-Time OLTP OnLine Transaction Processing OMG Object Management Group OOP Object Oriented Programming OPAMP OPerational AMPlifier op amp OPC Organic Photo Conductor OPR Optical Pattern Recognition OR Operational Research ORACLE Optional Reception of Announcements by Coded Line Electronics ORBIT On-line Real-time Branch InformaTion ORP Output Routing Pool OS Operating System OSCAR Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio OSD On Screen Display OSD Optical Scanning Device OSF Open Software Foundation OSI Open Systems Interconnection OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometry OTP One Time Programmable OUP Output Routing Pool OUP Oxford University Press OVP Over Voltage Protection PA Public Address PA Power Amplifier PABX Private Automated Branch Exchanges PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler PAL Phase Alternate Line TV standard used in UK and many other countries PAL PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation PANDA Prestel Advanced Network Design Architecture PASCAL Program Applique la Selection et la Complication Automatique de la Litterature PAX Private Automatic Exchange PB Push Button PBX Private Branch eXchange

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PC Personal Computer PC PCB Printed Circuit Board PCC Plastic Chip Carrier PCD Photo Compact Disc PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect (or Interface) PCIF Printed Circuit Interconnect Federation PCL Play Control List PCL Control Language Drives Hewlett-Packard printers PCM Pulse Code Modulation PCM Plug Compatible Manufacturer PCMCIA Personal Computer International Association PDA Personal Digital Assistant PDIP Plastic Dual Inline Package PDM Pulse Duration Modulation PDU Professional Development Unit PE Processor Element PEC PhotoElectric Cell PEEL programmable Electrically Erasable Logic PEROM Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique PF Pulse Frequency PF Power Factor PFC Power Factor Correction PFF Page Fault Frequency PFM Pulse Frequency Modulation PG Power Gain PGA Pin Grid Array PGA Professional Graphics Adapter PGP Pretty Good Privacy PH Page Heading PIA Peripheral Interface Adapter PIC Peripheral Interface Controller PICS Platform for Internet Contents Specification PIF Program Information File PIM Personal Information Manager PIN Personal Identification Number PIO Processor Input/Output PIO Programmed Input/Output PIV Peak Inverse Voltage PIXEL PICTure ELement PLA Programmable Logic Array PLC Programmable Logic Controller PLCC Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier PLD Programmable Logic Device PLL Phase Locked Loop PLUGE Picture Line Up GEnerator PLV Production Level Video PM Phase Modulation PM Pulse Modulation PM Preventive Maintenance PMBX Private Manual Branch eXchange PMCM Power MultiChip Module PMLCD Passive Matrix LCD PMOS Positive-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

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PMR Private Mobile Radio PMT Photo Multiplier Tube PN Positive Negative PNG Portable Network Graphics PnP Plug aNd Play PNP Positive Negative Positive POD Power-On Diagnostics POP Point Of Presence POS Programmable Option Select POS Point Of Sale POSIX Portable Operating System Interface for Unix POST Power-On Self Test POTS Plain Old Telephone Service POV Peak Operating Voltage PPI Pixels Per Inch PPM Parts Per Million PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PPS Pulses Per Second PPTP Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol PQFP Plastic Quad-FlatPack PRN Pseudo Random Noise PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory PSDN Packet Switched Data Network PSG Programmable Sound Generator PSI Pounds per Square Inch PSK Phase Shift Keying PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSU Power Supply Unit PSW Program Status Word PTE Page Table Entry PTM Pulse Time Modulation PTP Peer To Peer PTT Postal, Telegraph & Telephone PUT Programmable Unijunction Transistor PV PhotoVoltaic PVT Page View Terminal PWM Pulse Width Modulation PWR PoWeR QA Quality Assurance QADC Queued Analogue to Digital Converter QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or Modulator QAM Queued Access Method QBE Query by example QC Quality Control QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format QFP Quad Flat Pack QIC Quarter Inch Cartridge QIP Quad Inline Package QOS Quality Of Service QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QRC Quick Release Connector QSM Quad Surface Mount QSM Queued Serial Module QSAM Queued Sequential Access Method QTAM Queued Telecommunications Access Method

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QTC Quantum Tunnelling Composites QWERTY First 6 letter keys of keyboard R &D Research and Development RACE Research on Advanced Communication for Europe RAD Rapid Access Disk RAD Radiation Absorbed Dose RADAR RAdio Detection And Ranging RADLS Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Lines RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks RAM Random Access Memory RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital to Analogue Converter RAS Remote Access Server (or Services) RAS Row Address Strobe RBFM Random Block File Manager RBOC Regional Bell Operating Companies RBW Resolution BandWidth RC Radio Control RC Remote Control RC Resistance and Capacitance RCA Radio Corporation of America RCC Routing Control Centre RCTL Resistor Capacitor Transistor Logic RCV ReCeiVe RD Receive Data RD ReaD - Logic signal RDS Radio Data Signal RDY ReaDY REP Resolution Enhancement Procedure RET RETurn RF Radio Frequency RFI Radio Frequency Interference RFP Radio Fixed Part RFS Remote File Service RGB Red Green Blue RHDP Right Hand Decimal Point RI Ring Indicator RIFF Resource Interchange File Format RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer RJE Remote Job Entry RLE Run Length Encoding RLL Radio in the Local Loop RLL Run Length Limited RMI Radio Magnetic Interference RMM Read Mostly Memory RMS Root Mean Square RMW Read Modify Write RoHS Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substance ROM Read Only Memory RPC Remote Procedure Call RPD Record of Professional Development RPG Report Program Generator ?RPG Role Playing Game RPM Rotations (or Revolutions) Per Minute RPS Revolutions Per Second RS Reed Solomon - Error correction technique

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RS-232 Recommended Standard 232 RSA Rivest-Shamir-Adleman RT Remote Terminal RT Rise Time RT Real Time RTC Real Time Clock RTCA Real Time Control Area RTD Resistance Temperature Detector RTF Rich Text Format RTI Real Time Interrupt RTL Register Transfer Level RTL Resistor Transistor Logic RTOS Real Time Operating System RTP Real Time Processing RTR Real Time Record RTRI Real Time Record Interpreter RTS Request To Send - Protocol signal RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol RTU Remote Terminal Unit RTV Real Time Video RTX RealTime Executive R/W Read/Write RZ Return to Zero SAA Systems Application Architecture SAM Sequential Access Memory SAM Serial Access Memory SAP Service Access Point SAP Service Advertising Protocol SAR Segmentation and Reassembly SASI Shugart Associates Standard Interface SAW Surface Acoustic Wave SBA Semiconductor Business Association SBC Single Board Computer SC Switched Capacitor SCA SubCarrier Adapter SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SCAM SCSI Configuration Auto Magically SCART Societe de Constructeurs des Appareils Radio Television SCCCD Surface Channel Charge Coupled Device SCFM Sequential Character File Manager SCI Serial Communication Interface SCI Scalable Coherent Interconnect SCL Serial CLock SCO SCR Silicon Controller Rectifier SCS Silicon Controller Switch SCSA Signal Computing System Architecture SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface SD Single Density SDH Synchronous digital hierarchy; An ITU standard for transmitting data over optical fibre. SDI Strategic Defense Initiative SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control SDSL Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Lines SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SECAM SEquentiel Couleurs A Memoire

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SEC Single Edge Contact SECC Single Edge Contact Cartridge SEM Scanning Electron Microscope SEMI Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute SERC Science and Engineering Research Council SES Satellite Earth Station SET Single Electron Transistor SETSE Single Electron Transistor Scanning Electrometer SHARC Super Hardware Architecture RISC Computer SG Signal Ground SGML Standard Generalised Markup Language SGRAM Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory S/H Sample and Hold SHF Super High Frequency SI Systeme International Si Silicon SIF Sound Intermediate Frequency SIF Source Input Format SIG Special Interest Group SIGGRAPH Special Interest Group for GRAPHics SIM Subscriber Identity Module SIMD Single-Instruction Multiple-Data SIMM Single Inline Memory Module - Form of chip packaging SIO Serial Input and Output SIPO Serial In Parallel Out SIPP Single Inline Pinned Package SISD Single-Instruction Single-Data SISO Serial In Serial Out SL Symbolic Language SLIC Subcriber line interface circuit. SLCC Single Layer Ceramic Capacitor SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol SLSI Super Large Scale Integration SMA Semiconductor Manufacturers Association - A division of FEI SMB Server Message Block SMD Surface Mount Device SMDS Switched Multimegabit Data Service SMI System Management Interrupt SMM Shared Memory Map SMM System Management Mode SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMP Symmetric Multi-Processing SMPS Switched Mode Power Supply SMR Specialised Mobile Radio SMT Surface Mount Technology S/N Signal to Noise SNA System Network Architecture SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SO Small Outline SO Serial Output SOB Start Of Block SOC Systems On a Chip SO-DIMM Small Outline-Dual Inline Memory Module SOHO Small Office/Home Office

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SOI Silicon on Insulator SOIC Small Outline Integrated Circuit SOJ Small Outline J-leaded - Chip package SOL Small OutLine SOLV SOLenoid Valve SONAR SOund NAvigation and Ranging SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork SOP Small Outline Package SOR Statement Of Requirement SOS Silicon On Sapphire SOT Small Outline Transistor SP Signal Processor SP Stack Pointer SPDT Single Pole Double Throw SPGA System PGA SPI Serial to Parallel Interface SPICE Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis SPL Sound Pressure Level SPLD Simple Programmable Logic Device SPM Scanning Probe Microscopy SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line SPS Stand-by Power Supply SPST Single Pole Single Throw SPT Sectors Per Track SPU Single Processor Unit SQL Structured Query Language SQUID Superconducting Quantum Interface SR SRAM Static Random Access Memory SS Single Sided SSA Serial Storage Architecture SSB Single SideBand SSC Station Selection Code SSI Small Scale Integration SSOP Shrink Small Outline Package SSR Solid State Relay SST Single Sideband Transmission SSTV Slow Scan TeleVision STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing STM Scanning Tunnelling Microscope STN Super Twisted Nematic STR Synchronous Transmitter-Receiver Synchronous transfer signal level 1. A Sonet standard for transmission over OC-1 optical fibre at STS-1 51.84Mbit/s Synchronous transfer signal level 3. A Sonet standard for transmission over OC-3 optical fibre at STS-3 155.84Mbit/s STU Streaming Tape Unit SVGA Super Video Graphics Array (or Adapter) S-VHS Super Video Home System SW Short Wave SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial SWTL Surface Wave Transmission Line SYSGEN SYStem GENeration T1 Digital transmission link standard in North America supporting 1.544Mbit/s T3 Digital transmission link standard in North America which supports 44.736Mbit/s

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TAB Tape Automated Bonding TACS Total Access Communications Systems TAPI Telephone Applications Programming Interface TASI Time Assignment Speech Interpolation TC Temperature Coefficient TCAM TeleCommunications Access Method TCF Technical Construction File TCL Tool Command Language TCM Terminal to Computer Multiplexer TCM Trellis Code Modulation TCP Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCSEC Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria TCU Terminal Control Unit TD Tunnel Diode TDM Time Division Multiplexing TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TTN Technology Transfer Node TEM Transverse Electromagnetic TF Transfer Function TFD Thin Film Detector TFEL Thin Film ElectroLuminescent TFT Thin Film Transistor Display THD Total Harmonic Distortion THz TeraHertz TI Texas Instruments TIA Telecommunications Industry Association TIFF Tagged Image File Format TIGA Texas Instruments Graphics Adapter TLB Translation-Lookaside Buffer TLI Transport Level Interface TM Transverse Magnetic TOC Table Of Contents TPU Time Processor Unit TQA Total Quality Assurance TQFP Thin Quad Flat Pack TR Transient Response TS Time Sharing TSO Time Sharing Option TSOP Thin Small Outline Package TSSOP Thin Shrink Small Outline Package TSR Terminate and Stay Resident TTL Transistor Transistor Logic TTS Time Sharing System TTY TeleTYpewriter TUV Technischer �berwachuags Verein TWT Travelling Wave Tube UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UBC Universal Block Channel UBR Unspecified Bit Rate traffic UCM Universal Cable Module UCS Universal Character Set UDLC Universal Data Link Protocol UHF Ultra High Frequency

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UHV Ultra High Vacuum UJT UniJunction Transistor UKAS United Kingdom Accreditation Service UL Underwriters Laboratories ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration UMB Upper Memory Block UMIST University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology UML Unified Modelling Language UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UPC Universal Product Code UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply URL Universal Resource Locator Logical address identifying a resource on the Internet URL User Requirements Language USART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter USB Universal Serial Bus USM Unlisted Securities Market USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver Transmitter UTC Universal Time Coordinated UTC Universal Time Code UTOC User Table of Contents UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair UUCP Unix to Unix Copy Program UV UltraViolet UVLO UnderVoltage LockOut V Volt VA Volt Ampere VAC Volts Alternating Current VAN Value Added Network VAR Value Added Reseller VAR VARiable VBR Variable Bit Rate traffic VCA Voltage Control Amplifier VCCI Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCD Variable Capacitance Diode VCF Voltage Control Filter VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator VCR Video Cassette Recorder VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser VCXO Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator VDB Visitor Data Base VDC Volts Direct Current VDD Virtual Device Driver VDI Virtual Device Interface VDLS Very high speed Digital Subscriber Lines VDMOS Vertical Double-diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor VDN Virtual Data Network VDR Voltage Dependent Resistor VDT Video Display Terminal VDU Video Display Unit VESA Video Electronics Standards Association VF Vacuum Fluorescent VF Voice Frequency VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table VFC Voltage to Frequency Converter VFO Variable Frequency Oscillator

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VGA Video Graphics Array (or Adapter) VGC Video Graphics Controller VHDL VHSIC Hardware Description Language VHF Very High Frequency VHS Very High Speed VHS Video Home System VHS-C Video Home System-Compact VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit VIO Virtual Input/Output VIS Visual Instruction Set VISC Video Instruction Set Computing VLB VESA Local Bus or VL-Bus VLF Very Low Frequency VLIW Very Long Instruction Word VLSI Very Large Scale Integration VLT Video Look up Table VM Virtual Machine VM VME Versa Module Eurocard VMOS V-groove Metal Oxide Semiconductor VMS Virtual Memory System VOIP Voice Over Internet Protocol VOL Volume Label VOM Volt OhmMeter VOX Voice Operated transmit VPN Virtual Private Network VR Virtual Reality VR Voltage Regulator VRAM Video Random Access Memory VRC Vertical Redundancy Check VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language VS Virtual Storage VS Vertical Sync VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method VSI Virtual Socket Interface VSIA Virtual Socket Interface Alliance VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VT Validation Test VT Virtual Terminal VTAM Virtual Telecommunications Access Method VTM Voltage Tunable Magnetron VTOC Volume Table Of Contents VTR Video Tape Recorder VTVM Vacuum Tube Volt Meter VU Volume Unit VVMOS Vertical V-groove Metal Oxide Semiconductor VXO Variable crystal Oscilator WABI Windows Application Binary Interface WACK Wait before ACKnowledge WAIS Wide Area Information Server WAN Wide Area Network WARC World Administration Radio Conference WATS Wide Area Telephone Service WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access WD Western Digital

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WDC World Data Centre WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDT Watch Dog Timer WE Write Enable WEEE Waste from Electrical & Electronic Equipment WHR Watt HouR WIMP Windows Icons Menus and WINS Windows Internet Names Services WISE World Information Systems Exchange WLL Wireless Local Loop WMF Windows Meta File WORM Write-Once Read-Many WOSA Windows Open System Architecture WP Word Processor WP Write Protect WPM Words Per Minute WR WRite - logic signal WRAM Window Random Access Memory WRS Wireless Relay Station WS Wait State WSTS World Semiconductor Trade Statistics WV Working Voltage WW Wire Wound WWW World Wide Web WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get XA eXtended Architecture XCA eXternal Communication Adapter XGA eXtended Graphics Array XGA eXtended Graphics Adapter XMS eXtended Memory Specification XMT TransMiT XNS Xerox Network Services XOR eXclusive OR XT eXtended Technology XTAL crysTAL YAG Yttrium Aluminium Garnet - Material used in lasers YIG Yttrium Iron Garnet YUV Luminance and Chrominance vectors ZBR Zero Bit Reduction ZBR Zone Bit Recording ZD Zero Defects ZIF Zero Insertion Force ZIP Zigzag Inline Package

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