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HS2 fights for survivalp11 New Thames Crossings p12 Structural Steel special JULY 2019

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07617_002_WAV_Q-Bic Plus Campaign_Ticks Ad G_NCE_265x210_AW.indd 1 24/05/2019 10:04 New Civil Engineer CRUNCH TIME FOR HS2 AND HEATHROW

MARK HANSFORD EDITOR

his month’s issue focuses on the future of airports; next However, in the wake of the débâcle, the deliverability month the focus will be the future of rail; the premise component when it comes to HS2 seems more critical. The likely costs for both being to explore the technological advances are already well known to be exceeding original estimates and the T that are set to disrupt the sectors in the medium to project is fraught with technical risk, particularly around the Euston long term. terminus. New chair Allan Cook is forensically examining this and is Yet the reality is that for airports and rail the disruption in the near to present a report to transport secretary ahead of the to medium term is set to come from something more prosaic – the spending review. This has to be credible and defendable. looming selection of a new prime minister. For airports it is all about the expansion of Heathrow and the equa- tion was – until recently – really quite simple: if it is then, For airports and rail the given past rhetoric, it is probably off; if it is anyone else it is probably still on. But that now seems not so clear cut with Johnson hinting at disruption in the near to medium dropping his opposition. In rail all the focus is on (HS2) and there it is much term is set to come from something more complex. Most of the front-running candidates are in favour of more prosaic – the looming selection of a some kind of review of the mega-project at the very least, with some – like Johnson – openly calling for it to be scrapped. new prime minister Clearly it would be a very big decision to stop it now – given the £12bn already spent and the amount of enabling works already done. “ And whoever gets the top political job will not have long to decide Cook has so far been coy on how deep his review is diving and what – the government is committed to a carrying out a Comprehensive options are re-tabled. His predecessor Terry Morgan had already put Spending Review this Autumn (read December), which will set depart- back on the table the concept of terminating the scheme at Old Oak mental capital spending budgets for the next three years. Common in north west . That move would take the most com- The review will be “zero-based”, meaning expenditure on all capital plex and risky part of the project through off the crit- projects must be justified for the new spending period regardless of ical path and allow HS2 integrate its Euston development needs with previous budgets and expenditure. And the government has already ’s own redevelopment plans for the station. Cook will said this time round more emphasis will be placed on the anticipated clearly have access to the same facts and documents that led Morgan economic productivity benefits of schemes and their likely deliverabil- to that conclusion, so he must be at least considering the option; it ity to a set budget and timescale. would be remiss not to. Interestingly most of HS2’s political support is now in the North and Such a move would fulfil the needs of the project’s strongest advo- the Midlands – and around the economic productivity benefits of an cates in the North while addressing the deliverability concerns of the enhanced to link and connectivity with the Treasury. More to the point, if we are talking about the future – the me- proposed Rail. remains dium to long term future – it might actually deliver a far better scheme unswerving in its desire for the scheme and it seems no different with with a far, far better terminus and . counterparts in the Midlands. l Mark Hansford is New Civil Engineer’s editor

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 3 Contents NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JULY 2019 MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

08 News, Comment 23 Future & Analysis of Airports

08 The Edit: M4 bypass scrapped

09 The Edit: funding doubts

11 Inside : HS2 to share track

12 Inside Track: river crossings under scrutiny

13 Inside Track: Hammersmith Bridge closed to heavy vehicles

14 Inside Track: Call for register of ‘competent’ engineers

16 Big Interview: Southern Water

20 Your View: HS2 line speed, register for engineers, highway maintenance

67 ICE Record The role of the airport and how it serves the town or city it is in is set to drastically change as technology removes many of its traditional functions. This special report looks at how people will use airports di erently and how they will use transport infrastructure to reach them

24 Airports of the future will be 26 As airports expand, better surface more than just transport hubs access infrastructure is needed serving air passengers. They will also be entertainment centres and 32 Debate: Airport operators are 67 Council elections, ICE launches even leisure centres serving local embracing o site , Sustainability Route Map, report on communities but why is uptake so slow? making projects hit budget, digital twin knowledge sharing programme

4 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JULY 2019 For instant updates follow us: Twitter: @ncedigital LinkedIn: new civil engineer Facebook: ncedigital

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41 Innovative Live! EDITORIAL TEAM Thinking EDITORIAL ENQUIRIES Email: [email protected]

Editor Mark Hansford (020) 3953 2821 mark.hansford

Deputy Editor Alexandra Wynne (020) 3953 2822 alexandra.wynne

Associate Editor Emily Ashwell (020) 3953 2094 emily.ashwell

42 Engineers have come up with a LISTEN: THE ENGINEERS COLLECTIVE News Editor New Civil Engineer’s latest podcast tackles the Rob Horgan railway platform replacement project (020) 3953 2087 rob.horgan which minimises the need for track future of airports and is out on 26 June possessions newcivilengineer.com/podcast Technical Reporter Katherine Smale (020) 3953 2044 katherine.smale 48 A German consultant is working with startups to tap into new ideas Reporter Connor Ibbetson 50 SME Interview: Hewson Consulting (020) 3953 2088 | connor.ibbetson Reporter Sam Sholli (020) 3953 2086 | sam.sholli

55 Structural Steel Chief Sub Editor Andy Bolton in Action (020) 3953 2823 | andy.bolton

VISIT: THE FUTURE OF ROADS Designer Understand how the highways sector is James McCarthy [email protected] transforming at our new conference on 3-4 July roads.newcivilengineer.com Graphic Artist Anthea Carter [email protected]

Technical Editor Emeritus ENTER Dave Parker Showcase your talent by entering dave.parker the New Civil Engineer CUSTOMER SERVICES New Civil Engineer’s latest report on the Graduate & Apprentice Awards (020) 3953 2152 [email protected] use of structural steelwork on projects graduates.newcivilengineer.com ranging from London’s tallest skyscraper to ’s expansion

JULY 2019 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 5 Lighthouse ICE VIEWPOINT Future use should be factored into airport thinking

very day people wake The was set up and the first thing up to grapple with this challenge We need they do will have in the UK, recommending a series to think E been enabled by of steps to try and mitigate the infrastructure. More effects of increasing aviation from an about use and what often than not, the first product they expanded . touch will have been brought to In June 2018, the Airports National effects are needed them, at a lower price, courtesy of Policy Statement was formally an airport. BY ART WE designated following a 415 to 119 to mitigate or The aviation industry has enabled MASTER vote in Parliament. “eradicate disbenefits global supply chains to develop WHAT WOULD We have however, been here alongside improvements to the MASTER US before. Canals, railways, roads, flows of cross-country trade, very dams – major built environment much putting the port into airport. classes that bring short and long- Heathrow, as an example, is the port term disbenefits while also helping of departure for 30% of the UK’s society to harness the great forces innovations in battery technology. goods by value – a sizeable chunk of of nature towards higher living All this points to the need to think the UK’s exports, much of it going in standards and achieving social outside the box when talking about the belly of passenger planes. outcomes. infrastructure investment. Policy How can we balance these How do we square the circle of and regulation can drive change in benefits and others, against bigger benefits and disbenefits? use in the future, while still enabling challenges such as climate change Looking again at the list of benefits to be derived from the asset and wider societal disbenefits asset classes in the last paragraph being built today. associated with airports, such as and one thing stands out: the To misquote – the arc of an noise? significant change over time in how infrastructure asset is long, but the asset is used, as distinct to when it can be bent towards more it was built. sustainable outcomes. Railways have been electrified; Saying no to the construction of road vehicles are heading in that new infrastructure, such as new The aviation direction too. runways or railways, is easy but that industry Likewise, airports. Aircraft have gets us nowhere. become quieter, a aeroplane built Instead we need to think about has enabled global today will be 75% quieter than those use and what effects are needed to made 50 years ago. mitigate or eradicate disbenefits. supply chains to Similarly, each new class of This is even more pressing when aircraft is more fuel efficient than you consider that the vast majority develop alongside the class it replaces. Through a mix of built environment assets that “improvements to of technology, regulation and market exist today, including existing economics change is being driven airports, will still be in use decades the flows of cross- through. from now. One day too, we may be looking l Comments about the Lighthouse country trade at all electric aircraft through Column to [email protected]

6 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 INNOVATING THE FUTURE OF HIGHWAYS

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Find out more at colas.co.uk/innovation MORE NEWS TRANSPORT LONDON CITY Sign up for AIRPORT IN The Edit New Civil CROSSRAIL THE BIGGEST STORIES OF THE MONTH Engineer’s STATION TALKS FROM NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM Breaking, Daily and bosses are in talks with about Weekly news building a Crossrail station at the alerts at airport. London City Airport chief newcivil development officer Peter Adams confirmed that talks about including a engineer. station as part of the proposed com/ Crossrail extension to Ebbsfleet are ongoing. Speaking at New Civil newsletters Engineer’s Future of Airports conference, Adams added that talks about assembling a business case for the station are progressing. The new Crossrail line passes around 300m to the south of the airport. The nearest stations to the airport are Custom House Station, a 25 minute walk away to the west and Station on the other side of the river.

ENERGY KEY STATS NUCLEAR SECTOR URGED TO STAND UP rejects £215M AND FIGHT FOR ITS Amount FUTURE Amey is proposed £1.4bn M4 relief The boss of the suspended Wylfa offering to nuclear power plant has urged the road on cost grounds buy itself industry to step up and “fight” for its future. Horizon Nuclear Power out of its chief executive Duncan Hawthorne TRANSPORT proposal included a six-lane stretch of Birmingham said that unless the industry puts Proposals for the 23km long, £1.4bn, motorway south of Newport and a road up a collective fight, there is “no M4 relief road south of Newport in 440m cable stay bridge across the hope of restarting” work at the have been rejected by the as well as major remodelling maintenance suspended Wylfa Newydd project Welsh Government. It said the cost of of junctions 23 and 29 of the M4. contract on . “We need to fight right the project was “not acceptable”. now,” he said at the Nuclear New Wales first minister Build Conference. “The battle ground announced that he was rejecting the [for new nuclear] is right now, and proposals in a decision letter. The if we don’t there is no hope of the letter states that the Welsh Cabinet Wylfa project restarting. We [Wylfa had met on the 29 April and Newydd] cannot be the unwanted concluded that it would not fund the child of the nuclear sector. We have project because of cost concerns. “In The cost of the to step up our game.” Work on the light of the cost of the project, other £16bn Wylfa project was suspended demands and potential demands on project, and its in January after , the parent the Welsh Government’s capital company of Horizon Nuclear budget, and uncertainty as to the consequential impact Power, pulled funding because of financial position of the Welsh cost concerns and lack of investors. Government, the cost of the project, on other capital Horizon is still hoping to restart and its consequential impact on other investment priorities, work at Wylfa, and the government capital investment priorities, was not is looking at alternative funding acceptable,” said Drakeford. The “ models for the project. was not acceptable

8 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 TRANSPORT A303 TUNNEL DOUBTS

Uncertainty about how Highways will finance the A303 tunnel close to Stonehenge is putting the project’s viability at risk, public spending watchdog the National Audit Office (NAO) claims. An NAO report concludes that “there are risks for and the Department [for Transport] to manage to ensure the project has a realistic chance of being value for money”.

STRUCTURES BUSINESS CROSSRAIL MACE TO MANAGE AMEY TO BUY ITSELF CONTRACTORS BIRMINGHAM OUT OF BIRMINGHAM LIKELY TO ASK FOR AIRPORT TERMINAL ROAD MAINTENANCE MORE CROSSRAIL EXPANSION CONTRACT COMPLETION CASH

Birmingham Airport has named Mace Amey is finalising terms to buy its way Transport for London’s auditor as construction manager for its £500M out of its roads maintenance contract Ernst & Young said that Crossrail terminal expansion. The project is the with Birmingham City Council. Amey contractors are “likely” to demand first phase of a 15 year programme. and its owner , will pay the more money as construction winds The airport is expanding to cope with council £130M in cash, followed by up. It has warned that “the close down a projected 40% increase in two payments of £15M, and a final of contracts over 2019/20 and later, passengers by 2033. As part of the £55M to be paid over five years. The is likely to result in further claims project, the airport’s baggage system council will also retain £85M collected from contractors”. A push to meet will be overhauled, the check-in area from Amey in fines. The contractor Crossrail’s revised opening date could upgraded and a mezzanine floor with has had three previous bids to exit the also lead to contractors claiming more stripbars ad and ideas_Layout restaurants 1 installed. 6/7/18 11:47 AM Page25 year, 2 £2.7bn contract rejected. money.

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JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 9 CIVILS UTILITIES POWER & FIBRE HIRE 01685 374771 0344 2511 999 0344 2511 666 0344 8244 482 Inside Track THE BIGGEST ISSUES OF THE MONTH EXPLORED

The new consultation covers 11 chang- es to the design of the phase 2b route to make it more efficient, cost effective and to minimise disruption. HS2 phase 2 starts at Birmingham and branches into lines dubbed phase 2a and phase 2b. Phase 2a connects Birming- ham to the North West while phase 2b extends to Manchester Piccadilly and . It was originally allocated £24.8bn in the 2015 Spending Review. Proposed changes include plans for two junctions that could allow HS2 trains running into Manchester to share NPR track. They also include further scope to support the interfaces with NPR and Midlands Connect; and work to upgrade the existing rail network. Among those calling for the change is former HS2 independent design panel member Alistair Lenczner. His firm, HIGH SPEED 2 , is proposing a scheme, dubbed HS2 North, that uses High Speed 2 fights for its future existing rail infrastructure to replace sections of HS2. Project shows flexibility ahead of political changes as Grayling sets Under Expedition Engineering’s out plans for future integration with Northern Powerhouse Rail alternative plan, the eastern leg of phase 2b connecting Leeds and Bir- mingham would be scrapped. Instead, BY KATHERINE SMALE, ROB HORGAN Manchester Piccadilly would be turned into a through station with the tracks ith many frontrunners for the with HS2, and is “intended to make use extended in a tunnel towards Leeds. prime minster’s position setting of HS2 lines where that makes sense”. Lenczner is now taking the proposal to their sights on High Speed 2 and The strategic outline business case for the National Infrastructure Commission Wchief secretary to the Treasury Liz Truss the £39bn NPR scheme was approved in and the for revealing that the rail project will be reas- February. It is intended to improve east- consideration. sessed in the Spending Review later this west connections between , Transport for the North director of year, bosses at HS2 Ltd are changing tack. Manchester, Leeds, and Hull Northern Powerhouse Rail Tim Wood As pressure mounts on the £56bn and north to and Newcastle. has told New Civil Engineer that both project, as well as calls for greater in- Transport secretary Chris Grayling schemes would benefit from “syn- vestment in the north, HS2 Ltd has begun said the proposals included infrastruc- chronised procurement strategies”. showing a willingness to collaborate with ture that would “one day allow” NPR “We have to make sure we have a another of the country’s major rail schemes: trains to share HS2 track. guiding mind – or a common thinking – Northern Powerhouse Rail (NPR). across the industry so that we are not Whether this is an attempt to appease criss-crossing each other,” Wood said. growing pressure from politicians, to cut “So, if I need four track renewal trains the project’s costs, or strengthen its busi- and my colleagues in High Speed 2 need ness case ahead of the Spending Review £24.8bn eight track renewal trains, [we need remains to be seen: but in all likelihood it Cost of HS2 phase 2b to ask] ‘when do we need them?’ and is a ploy to do all three in one fell swoop. identify if there is a cross over. Likewise, The first steps to fully integrate the if I need tunnel boring equipment, where second phase of High Speed 2 (HS2) with is the crossover [with HS2]? Where is NPR have been announced in HS2 Ltd’s £39bn the crossover for resources and how can phase 2b design refinement consultation. that benefit all parties?” The integration of the two schemes – Cost of Northern And if HS2 wants to survive the which up until now have been developed Powerhouse Rail upcoming government Spending Review separately – will lead to the develop- – in which it will be pitted against other ment of NPR in “close” co-ordination infrastructure projects such as broad-

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 11 Inside Track Xxxxx xxxx xxxxx

band rollout – its bosses may well have TRANSPORT to adopt this kind of thinking. There has been plenty of focus on the New Thames Crossings cost of the project, as well as criti- cism from contractors about HS2 Ltd’s procurement methods. Despite this, TfL “cannot afford” another HS2 Ltd chief operating officer Richard expensive Garden Bridge fiasco Robinson has dismissed accusations that the project’s procurement strategy is encouraging a “race to the bottom” in BY ROB HORGAN terms of tender prices when questioned by New Civil Engineer. ransport for London (TfL) “cannot His comments come amid a High Court afford” to get the delivery of its battle with contractor which proposed East London River claims that HS2 Ltd accepted an “abnor- TThames crossings wrong, according to mally low bid” when it awarded the £1bn transport committee construction partner contract for Old chair Florence Eshalomi. Oak Common to a joint venture between She was speaking to New Civil Engi- Group, Vinci Construction neer after TfL named a consortium com- and Systra (BBVS). prising Bam Nuttall, Ferrovial Agroman HS2 Ltd’s official defence document and SK Engineering & Construction as denies “each and every allegation” in preferred bidder for the £1bn Bechtel’s claim. In particular it says that Tunnel contract. there is no basis for saying that BBVS’ Eshalomi said there “cannot be anoth- tender was abnormally low. er Garden Bridge” situation where public While not directly referring to the money is “wasted on vanity projects High Court appeal, Robinson said that that are never delivered or even close to HS2 Ltd has “never” awarded a contract being delivered”. solely because it was the lowest bid. TfL has already spent £45M develop- “What we are looking for is the best ing the Silvertown Tunnel. It spent £53M team for the job, and that is the simple on developing the Garden Bridge pedes- answer from a procurement standpoint. trian crossing of the Thames before it Because the best team will give us the was scrapped. is already starting to ring alarm bells. best result, and the best result is the It comes as the Silvertown Tunnel and TfL investment delivery planning [bid that provides the] most value,” said the proposed Rotherhithe pedestrian director David Hughes told a London Robinson. and cycling bridge come under growing Assembly budget and performance “When I look at our procurement – and scrutiny. committee meeting that the public I have previously been on the other side The London Assembly transport consultation – originally scheduled of the table bidding for things on HS2 in committee and the London Chamber of for April – was being put off while TfL the past – I don’t see any examples of Commerce & Industry have both determines whether the bridge can be when HS2 [Ltd] has procured simply on expressed their concerns after TfL delivered within the £330M funding cost alone, that simply is not true.” pushed the opening date of the Silver- package. And yet, with a new prime minister in town road tunnel back to 2025 when it If the crossing is deemed too expen- the offing, HS2 in its current guise could announced its contractors. sive, then Thames Clipper – alongside hit the buffers if the likes of Boris Johnson Eshalomi said that how and when TfL marine engineer Beckett Rankine – is or Dominic Raab enter Number 10. begins paying for the tunnel must be understood to be waiting in the wings That is why transport secretary Chris closely monitored. to submit its solar-powered, electric Grayling’s announcement that new HS2 “It is our understanding that TfL will ferry service as an alternative. Ltd chair Allan Cook is reviewing how the only start paying for the tunnel once it’s New Civil Engineer understands that project will be delivered is so intriguing. completed and operational, however, once TfL puts its bridge proposal out to Grayling has told New Civil Engineer the transport committee needs to keep public consultation, Thames Clipper will that Cook has been taking stock of the a close eye on progress with this project formally unveil its ferry service at 10% project since he was appointed as chair and we will be asking questions every of the bridge’s estimated cost. in December last year. step of the way,” she said. Beckett Rankine is also working on “Allan Cook is rightly taking his first She added that in the wake of “the C another Thames crossing. As revealed period on the project to make sure it’s in word [Crossrail]”, she would “rather” by New Civil Engineer online, the Lon- good shape to make sure the budget is TfL didn’t commit itself to an opening don-based firm has drawn up a proposal right, the costs are right and that it’s deliv- date only to push it back later on down for a pedestrian and cycle bridge along- erable,” Grayling said. “I’m really waiting the line. side the Thames Barrier. for Allan [Cook] to come back to me to Further along the Thames, the pro- The proposal combines four lifting say: ‘this is how we’re going to take the posed pedestrian and cycle crossings sections, each spanning 61m. Each can project forward’.” between and Rotherhithe be individually opened or closed to

12 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 MORE NEWS NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM

ENERGY be capable of generating enough energy Proposed Thames for 1M homes, or four times the power Barrier Crossing Back from the dead of all the wind turbines off the coast of Liverpool combined, which generate a collective 270MW. Swansea Bay scheme The outline business case will provide revived by local supporters the Combined Authority with a detailed and robust technical, financial and envi- ronmental evaluation of the viability of a BY CONNOR IBBETSON Mersey Tidal Power project, to consider progressing to the next stage, and is he push to develop more marine expected to be completed in the next 12 energy capacity has gained a sec- months. ond wind with flagship tidal energy Meanwhile, is to get the Tprojects on the horizon in England and most powerful tidal stream turbine in Wales, while Scotland is a hotbed of the world. turbine innovation. The 2MW AR2000 is being developed In Swansea, ambitious plans for a by SIMEC Atlantis Energy in partnership huge renewable energy and housing with General Electric. project have been proposed to combine Standing 25m in height from the sea- a lagoon seawall with tidal stream bed and weighing 150t, the AR2000’s has turbines, and a floating island with room rotors 20m in diameter that turn for 10,000 modular homes and renewable between six and14 times a minute. energy production facilities. The partnership will also be key to the Nicknamed the “Dragon Energy second phase of the MeyGen Project, Island”, the £1bn proposal also includes known as Project Stroma. This will underwater housing for data centres, a connect two additional Atlantis AR2000 solar energy farm, and hydrogen produc- turbines via a new subsea hub to a tion facilities. single power export cable which will The Dragon Energy Island is the then be connected to the National Grid spiritual successor to the £1.3bn via the MeyGen substation. Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon project which Scotland already leads the world in allow river traffic to pass. stalled after the UK government backed tidal energy capacity, alone accounting Developed in partnership with archi- out of the project in June 2018. for a third of Europe’s operational tidal tect Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands, the The Swansea Bay City Region claims capacity. 530m series of long double-leaf bascule its Dragon Energy Island proposal is 30% bridges has been designed as a possi- cheaper than the Swansea Bay Tidal ble replacement to the Woolwich Ferry. Lagoon, with an estimated cost of just The ferry service is expected to under £1bn. But the costs do not include close after road bridges due to be built the housing or underwater data centres, across the at Gallions which could be privately funded. Reach and Rotherhithe are complete. An independent report has concluded The Thames Barrier crossing would that the Dragon Energy Island plans connect new developments in Charlton are viable, and highlights various fund- on the south bank of the Thames with ing avenues, including backing from the Thames Barrier park, next to the the Welsh Government and private new development. investors. The Thames Barrier Bridge would Construction could start as soon as act as a supplementary crossing to 2021, and the Dragon Energy Island the Rotherhithe bridge, rather than an could be operational by the end of 2026. alternative. Elsewhere, on the banks of the Mersey, Combined Authority is preparing to submit its outline business case for the Mersey 33 Tidal Power project. A team led by Arup including ma- Number of bridges rine consultants ABPmer and planning across the Thames specialists BECG is developing the in London outline business case for the project, after receiving funding to carry out early investigation work last year. The original Swansea Barrage design The 1GW tidal barrage project would

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 13 Inside Track Xxxxx xxxx xxxxx

PROFESSION Closed: Hammersmith Bridge Vice president calls for register of ‘competent’ engineers

Fixing the ‘intergenerational low’ in design information quality

BY MARK HANSFORD

pecial registers of civil engineers deemed competent enough to sign off designs for construction are Sneeded to arrest the decline in quality of design information, ICE vice president Ed McCann has suggested. STRUCTURES McCann was talking on New Civil Engineer’s new podcast The Engineers Casings fractures close Hammersmith Collective. He said that action is needed to address an “intergenerational low” in Bridge to heavy vehicles for up to three years the quality of design information being passed to contractors from designers. Investigation into severity of faults in the structure is launched “People are talking about an intergen- erational low in the quality of design information; they are talking about BY EMILY ASHWELL, MARK HANSFORD design drawings that are incomplete, incoherent, uncoordinated and they ork to fix micro-fractures in the investigations. More sensors are to be arrive at site and have to be redrawn cast iron casings supporting installed and a team of 18 engineers is and reengineered,” says McCann. Hammersmith Bridge’s carrying out another review. McCann led the ICE’s 2018 review of Wsaddles could result in the structure A council statement said: “Our special- professional skills and also fronts the being closed to heavy vehicles for up to ist engineers will have completed a full Get It Right initiative which is dedicated three years. diagnosis of all aspects of the bridge’s to eliminating error in the UK construc- London’s Hammersmith & Fulham state of health by mid-August at which tion industry. He says factors affecting Council has revealed that it closed the point we will have a more precise under- design quality include: significant chang- bridge to vehicles in April after engi- standing of the scale of the works and es to the way the industry operates; the neers found hairline fractures in the the timescale required. abolition of fee scales; the fundamental cast iron “pedestals” that support the “At this stage it is hard to predict how shift in way work is procured with the chain saddles that carry the 130-year-old long repair work could take, but it might shift to design and build; and the digital suspension bridge’s chain links over its be as long as three years.” revolution which began in the 1970s. abutments. The problem originally surfaced in McCann says the solution could be a The bridge has been closely mon- 2015 when Transport for London (TfL) special register similar to the ICE’s pan- itored since 2015, with sensors and said it wanted to route double decker el of engineers qualified to design and weekly safety checks being used to see buses over the structure. maintain all large and high-risk dams. whether the stresses imposed on the The bridge had a strict 7.5t weight “I have a view that I would quite like bridge were causing structural damage. restriction at the time and a report by to see it on signing construction draw- This monitoring found that the Hyder said some strengthening works ings,” he says. “If I wanted to transform bridge’s bearings had seized up because would be needed for the bridge to construction through a register it would of corrosion, affecting the structure’s support 18t double decker buses. The be that you are not allowed to sign off flexibility. consultant said there was some over on a drawing until you are qualified to Consultant Mott MacDonald tested stressing, and recommended further do it.” the structure over a year ago – this work assessments. He adds: “I would like to see that was to inform the council’s decision on New Civil Engineer’s request for a copy person as a person of significance in the full refurbishment plan. of the recent Mott MacDonald report un- the world. And I would like to see these Now the council has revealed that der the Freedom of Information Act from people being a particular breed and the latest setback has triggered more has been refused on security grounds. quite valuable.”

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07940_003_WAV_NCE Spotlight Ad_url update_AW.indd 1 24/05/2019 14:03 Ian McAulay BY EMILY ASHWELL Getting ready to deliver Southern Water’s spending programme

outhern Water is McAulay, a Scottish civil engineer not the only utility brought in two years ago to turn the company to be in company around? S choppy seas over “We will have a bigger programme its spending plans, than we have ever delivered before. but chief executive Ian McAulay is That’s a big investment into this on a mission to steer the company region. I’m an engineer and I have towards a calmer future. to resist the temptation for always

The Interview The The task is a big one. Earlier this loving concrete and steel because it year regulator Ofwat sent back is not always the answer, but there Southern Water’s AMP7 five-year are some very significant new plants spending plan for rework saying the to be built both in water and water plan does not give enough confi- recycling,” he says. dence and assurance overall. The AMP7 programme is going The Environment Agency has told to be worth around £3.6bn, Southern Water to slash planned next decade and Brexit means it will although the final figure has yet abstraction rates from the rivers have a smaller pool from which to to be approved. Within that there Test and Itchen, which are environ- draw recruits. are some projects totalling around mentally-sensitive chalk streams, It is what McAulay tactfully £800M which will help improve the giving the utility a huge challenge describes as an “interesting and environment. to find more water. And it continues hectic” period. Projects include a new reservoir to be dogged by past problems, “The whole AMP7 process is Southern Water is building with including regulator investigations designed around compromise, Water, for which into historic reporting of its com- affordability, what’s good for cus- has completed the outline design. pliance with wastewater treatment tomers and the environment – it is Other projects include a new water standards. about finding balance,” he says. pipeline around Chichester and new Sector-wide, Ofwat says compa- So where does the civil engi- water recycling plants. nies must demonstrate that they neering sector fit into the plans of Southern Water has to meet a are being run in the best interests of target to cut leaks by 15% and customers, not investors. improve river water quality. On top of that, south east Engineers will replace 330km of England’s changing weather I’m an engineer water mains and build an intelligent patterns are increasing the risk as- network by installing 2,500 water sociated with increasing lengths of and I have to quality sensors and thousands more periods of dry weather and periods leak detection devices. of heavy rain. resist the temptation Southern Water is currently Southern Water also has a skills for always loving procuring consultants and contrac- gap, when around 40% of the util- tors for AMP7. He promises that the ity’s workforce could retire in the “concrete and steel company will improve as a client 16 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Work at the new Woolston treatment works in delivered with Veolia, Costain and Stantec

and a produce a more even flow of I want our McAulay is also thinking wider than work through the AMP cycle, avoiding just water. A study by Scottish Water the “crazy dip” in water company KEY FACTS contractors to found there was enough heat in its spending which often happens at the sewer system to heat the whole of end five year spending cycles. £3.6bn be able to have what Scotland. Southern Water is looking “I have been a consultant, contrac- at harnessing energy in its water infra- tor and utility director and I look for Estimated is really important to structure in the future and is already mutual benefit first and foremost, value of talking to some of the region’s 50 which may not be the way this them which is forward community energy partnerships. company has gone about it before,” Southern “ The aim of this is to get customers he admits. Water’s workload to think differently about water – “not “What I want is a contract that AMP7 about a water utility, but the utility of allows us to deliver what’s best for water.” our customers, what’s best for the investment it needs before it can be supplied as That equally applies to selling the environment and that creates a fair programme drinking water. value of investing customer money in return for our company, and by the To do this it has to work more improved wastewater treatment. same token I want our contractors closely with its stakeholders and find “Thirty years ago people did not to be able to have what is really 2.5M mutually beneficial ways of working, use our beaches very much because important to them which is forward Number of for example working with farmers to the water standard was not good. workload, planning a workload and reduce their use of pesticides and “There has been a huge investment the ability to deliver what they’re Southern nitrates. in that and this year we had our best good at. Water In terms of its assets, McAulay says ever bathing water performance, a “So that generally for me, in information, not data is key. This lot of the beaches are “excellent” the more complex stuff, means a customers means, for example, when heavy rain- standard. If you go down to Brighton programmatic approach. In the sim- fall is due after a dry period, because beach on a bank holiday it is full. pler stuff, what we’ve called the lower dried sewers do not self-cleanse, in- “The vast majority of people on complexity, what I want is for us to be telligence from data will tell engineers that beach come from outside our a very light touch, to allow people who which sewers need flushing out. supply region. So they’re not cus- are good at what they do to get on with “We want to move to a world of tomers of Southern Water as a water it without overly complicating it.” prescriptive analytics where we take utility, they come to the beach to go For McAulay the new infrastruc- information and data so we can say into the clean seas and have a clean ture is all necessary, but only a part ‘we know this is going to happen beach, they are customers the of the of a bigger picture which involves and it will have this impact on our utility of water itself. the utility moving towards a catch- network therefore we will adjust our “They put £1.4bn into the local ment-based approach. network so that this is the outcome.” economy each year. The economic re- This involves looking at what hap- “It is bringing that asset base up to turn on cleaning up the beaches and pens to water when it flows over and right standard and taking it beyond water is enormous. That’s part of the through land and trying to minimise that. That is a high focus level for utility of water against the concept of or remove the amount of treatment me,” says McAulay. it being a water utility.”

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 17 Martin Lambley WAVIN “I hope to see a greater focus on sustainable drainage systems”

he water industry fac- for suppliers such as Wavin to es many challenges, innovate and integrate water supply particularly around and drainage with a focus on reduc- T the extreme weather, ing water demand, implementing drought and envi- sustainable drainage systems and ronmental degradation caused by promoting water reuse schemes population growth, climate change, while also preserving the environ- and urban creep. These challenges ment and increasing biodiversity. I call for extensive innovation and am interested to see the importance infrastructure development to meet that Southern Water is placing on the changing environment. But this collaboration and partnership to The Response The is also set against a backdrop of achieve its ambitious plans in the managed spending in order to keep years ahead. As a materials suppli- water bills affordable and to satisfy er, this gives us a clear reason to be the different stakeholders within engaging with a range of stakeholders the water industry. I look forward to the possibility that and creating effective partnership the new plan with its strong focus that can really help to make a differ- SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE on resilience and environment will ence to the resilience of our towns It is encouraging to hear that South- help to drive greater implementa- and cities. ern Water outline in its plans a clear tion and innovation in this area. commitment to continuous COST AND VALUE improvement with the aim of COLLABORATION AND Paradoxically, while the reduction in delivering greater efficiency and PARTNERSHIP the level of water bills is a definite long-term resilience to their Southern Water’s catchment-led positive for customers, it can also network. With its catchment first approach to drainage and have a negative effect on water approach to drainage, I hope to see procurement for AMP7 will allow demand by reinforcing the percep- a greater focus on sustainable drain- tion that water has little value. As age systems allowing surface water water scarcity increases, its value to be managed at source, reducing as a commodity will increase. It is the pressure on existing infrastruc- I hope to encouraging to see that water and ture and increasing capacity for sewage companies are working to the future. This approach can often see a greater change consumer mindsets to place be lower cost than the traditional a higher value on water and recog- engineered approach and has the focus on sustainable nise its importance in supporting added benefit of creating more life. I absolutely agree that the active green spaces in towns and cities drainage systems participation of stakeholders includ- and increasing biodiversity helping ing customers will be key to achieving to satisfy several of its objectives. allowing surface water a more resilient future. Published While the appetite for the adoption “ to be managed at in association of sustainable drainage from water Martin Lambley is Wavin product with Wavin companies has in the past been low, source manager, surface water management

18 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019

of advance. It is probable that the increased costs were associated with the interface between and stations. I believe that the original intention was that the stations would be excavated prior to the tunnels. Your View This did not happen and to avoid delaying the tunnelling operations, LETTERS TO THE EDITOR the drives carried on through the AND COMMENTS ONLINE position of the stations. This had an obvious increase in both tunnelling costs, insomuch that the tunnelling contractors had to drive through the HIGH SPEED 2 TRANSPORT length of the stations, installing the SQUARING THE extra length of tunnel segments. THE TRUTH BEHIND The excavation of the stations was THE DESIGN SPEED @ MAINTENANCE CIRCLE also made more difficult with having I was delighted to read Peter to work around and breaking out the Returning from abroad I’ve picked Nicholson’s comments on highways tunnel segments installed during the up belatedly on the views of messrs maintenance (Your View last month). extra length of tunnelling. Muir and Curtis on High Speed There is a key need in terms Then the form of contract has to 2’s (HS2’s) design speed. As the both of repair effectiveness and be carefully considered. It would technical director of HS2 from value for money that we pay inception until last year, I’d like to more attention to treating causes put the record straight. rather than just symptoms, The selected design speed arose notwithstanding that prevailing from the best balance at any point contractual arrangements may make of passenger journey time benefits, the latter profitable. cost and impacts, which is why As a minor rider it puzzles it changes along the route from me why repairs, particularly of as low as 230km/h approaching relatively small areas, need to have terminals to as high as 360km/h square corners, rendering effective in open country. This was set out compaction unnecessarily difficult? in the 2011 public consultation. John Bullen (M) via LinkedIn People responded with challenges http://uk.LinkedIn.com/in/johnbas- about going slower (or faster) and in sociates particular the sections laid out for the highest speeds were reviewed CROSSRAIL to see what would change were the Crossrail: Project interfaces challenge speed there to be lowered. MORE CROSSRAIL Because the railway threads FLAWS EXPOSED seem that the notification and carefully between communities and agreement of compensation events key features rather than circling The detailed report by Rob Horgan was not handled properly with the around them, the alignment was in the June 2019 issue summarises result that the original contracts shown not to alter even with the huge price hikes on the Crossrail could no longer be relied upon to significantly lower speeds. stations and tunnels. The question administer the works. Crossrail Going slower had a small effect that needs to be addressed is was procured using the NEC for of on cost and impact but a major “How were these disproportionate contract but there was little wrong disbenefit to the 230,000-plus daily increases allowed to occur?” with the ICE Conditions of Contract travellers who will use it for many The tunnelling contracts were which understood the principle that decades. contested by several of the major a contractor tendered for the scope This was reported in the tunnelling contractors in Europe. of work as defined in the tender Environment Statement given as The tenders included for risks and documents. evidence to Parliament and, like escalation. The civil engineering aspects the public consultation documents, One must challenge the reason of Crossrail were excellent. The was and is available as a matter The Editor, for such large increases in the cost project was let down by the of factual record. It is a good (if New Civil of the tunnelling contracts, bearing overall management affecting the lengthy) read for those seeking to in mind that the ground conditions assessment of risks, programming Engineer, understand HS2 better. were well known and that it would and cost control. Telephone HS2 is not inspired by the French have been very difficult to justify Unless these matters are seriously system; rather, if anything, by the House, a claim for “unforeseeable ground considered for future large projects, Japanese – very high frequency and 69-77 Paul conditions”. the confidence in our industry’s reliability while minimising journey Street, London, The main costs of tunnelling ability to deliver on time and within time for very large numbers of EC2A 4NQ are the cost of the tunnel boring budget will be seriously challenged. people. Email: nceedit@ machines, the precast segments, Derek Godfrey (F), Andrew McNaughton FREng FICE emap.com the removal of spoil and the rates Grove Lane, Holt NR25 6ED

20 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 MAIN POINT TIME FOR ANYOUR ENGINEERS VIEWS AND OPINIONS REGISTER?

I was interested to listen to ICE vice president Ed McCann’s designer. I think I’m a better designer now than I was at 28. views about the need for a Register of Competent Designers on Alan Pemberton (F) ,[email protected] New Civil Engineer’s Engineers Collective podcast. McCann’s Editor’s note: Ed McCann was speaking on New Civil main concern appears to centre around the lack of quality Engineer’s inaugural Engineers Collective podcast. It’s design in formation issued to contractors. completely free and available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and For the majority of my career, as a designer, I have worked via newcivilengineer.com/podcast. Subscribe to be alerted to either as a consultant or have been directly employed by new episodes. The next one goes live on 26 June. contractors on design and build projects. Therefore, I have a very good appreciation of the level of Perhaps the ICE should up its game and start information provided for design and build producing better engineers. A register is a contracts. pointless exercise. One thing I note that has been more R Annett, posted online on story from the prevalent over recent years is a well podcast entitled Episode 1 | Fixing the prepared and usually comprehensive ‘intergenerational low’ in quality of design schedule of contractor’s design information responsibilities. While this is helpful in clarifying to contractors what they I expect a register would eventually are not going to get, do employers raise the profi le of engineers in appreciate what their consultants society, as well as the quality of have signed up to deliver in the tender construction drawings. In Queensland, documents? Perhaps we should also Australia, engineers need to be have a register of competent clients? registered to perform all engineering Another point is the increasing reliance services and engineering is a very well on IT for delivering coordinated project respected profession. Clients often demand design information. Much has been written drawings are signed off by a registered in New Civil Engineer about how transformative engineer as they know they’ll get a better quality building information modelling will be. product. However, my experience is that it is still relatively Alexander Hinxman, posted online on story from the podcast diffi cult to fi nd designers across all disciplines who combine entitled Episode 1 | Fixing the ‘intergenerational low’ in quality of design competence with the high level of IT skills that are design information needed to fully harness software potential. I am fortunate in having worked with a number of engineers I have not worked in the UK for the best part of 30 years but who do possess those qualities but that is still not everyone’s from the time I graduated to the time I left (1974 to 1989) the experience. Universities must do more to introduce these new quality of design drawings was assured by having experienced design tools to aspiring engineers at the beginning of their drafters with ONC or HNC qualifi cations. What has happened careers. to them? In the main engineers alone have never been capable A further point is in relation to McCann’s comment that of producing good drawings. passing an exam at the age of 27 does not lead necessarily to Being a Singapore Registered Professional Geotechnical competence in later years. I would take issue with what that Engineer (PE(Geo)) has raised my profi le and is keeping me in statement implies. employment beyond the normal age of retirement but it is not Having passed my “Civils” in 1983 and “IStructE Part 3” in tackling the problem of not having competent drafters. 1985, I would say that hardly a day has passed where I have Alec Walker posted online on story from the podcast entitled not learned or picked up something new that has only added Episode 1 | Fixing the ‘intergenerational low’ in quality of design to my experience and I would say overall competence as a information

STRUCTURES intensive Thames Barrier bridge. public money could be better spent With the pedestrian Woolwich elsewhere. Is this a big commuter MORE THAMES Foot Tunnel and the Emirates route or would it relieve heavy

CROSSING CRITICISM ‘Airline’ at the O2 only 1km to 2km congestion on other stretched away, is this entirely necessary? I public transport routes? I’m struggling to see the need know the Airline requires a ticket Howard Greenoak posted online for the seemingly complicated, and that you have to walk your bike on story headed “Thames Barrier possibly expensive and maintenance through the tunnel, but perhaps bridge proposal unveiled”

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What will the airport of the future look like? Whether it is technology, environmental concerns or changes in travelling patterns, we examine the challenges for engineers designing airports that need to strike a balance between how we currently travel, predicted future infl uences and the unknown.

HOW DOES THE AIRPORT HUB ADAPT TO THE FUTURE? / PAGE 24 THE FUTURE OF AIRPORT SURFACE ACCESS / PAGE 26 DRIVING PRODUCTIVITY WITH OFFSITE / PAGE 32

JULY 2019 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 23 EVOLUTION SOLUTIONS The role of the airport and how it works with the town or city it serves is set to drastically change as technology removes many of its traditional functions. Katherine Smale reports.

Future of airports are commercial ventures. Civil Engineer’s Future of Airports According to an Airports Council conference in May. Airports International (ACI) survey, around In the first step, he explained, 40% of an airport’s revenue is derived landside activities like check-in from non- aviation activities. services will be done online. This is ump in a car, drive, traffic Of that 40%, 23% is from car clearly already happening. delays, park car, bus to the parking and 27% is from retail, so In the second, airside operation will terminal, drop bags, through large areas of an airport’s land are be optimised, with the introduction security, shop, get bored, given over to them. of, for example, folding-wing walk to gate, board plane, But space is often limited, and aeroplanes which require less space take off, fly. KEY FACTS other facilities like baggage handling at gates. Aviation giants Boeing With the exception of being able to centres occupy valuable potential and Airbus have patents on such check-inJ online, the model for how revenue generating space. technology, explained Rothe. to travel by plane has not changed in 40% Cranfield University senior lecturer In the third baggage handling will decades. Amount in airport planning Henrik Rothe be decentralised and outsourced to But airports are on the cusp of a predicts that these are the areas Amazon-type organisations to free up revolution. of airport which are ripe for change. terminal space for commercial and With mounting pressure from revenues Rothe, founder of the Urban entertainment activities. environmental groups, the rapid Turbine research group into airports Lastly, airports will become far infiltration of technology and derived from of the future, sees the traditional more than transport interchanges changing habits of consumers, the non-aviation view of an airport deconstructed in with multiple facilities and attractions airport of the future is being born. activity four steps. He set them out at New – they will become an extension of, and The seemingly never-ending integrated into, the cities they serve. journey through airport terminals The result: a lean airport absorbed packed with vast selections of shops into city life, with excellent public could be compared to taking a trip transport connections making it an around Ikea. And the possibility of Our lives are attraction for travelling tourists and losing your car in the vast long stay city dwellers alike. car parks is high. changing and Use of new biometric technology But all of this car parking and retail that is an opportunity will also smooth their journeys is there for good reason. Despite through the airport allowing the focus being essential infrastructure, for the airport to shift to having fun or pursuing the 24 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 “ Why not stop for a day and meet at the airport, have a swim “and build it into my holiday and I can relax?

centralised logistics centre, more space is freed up in the airport for commercial use. Unencumbered by luggage, passengers will arrive at airports less stressed, more ready and able to enjoy themselves. At the same time, capacity is freed up on concourses. To retrieve luggage, passengers would simply go to an Amazon style locker at the location of their choosing, which can be opened by scanning their passports. One of the newest airports to deploy some of the new biometric technology will be the massive Beijing Daxing International Airport in China designed by architect Zaha Hadid. The airport, which has been designed for seven runways, 100M passengers and 4M.t cargo annually, art of relaxation. Beijing’s Daxing like seating area. There, people can will use facial recognition technology All of this opens the way for a new Airport will meet and interact, much like being in when it opens this year. airport business model to evolve. handle 100M a city. This, it is hoped, will improve “If you think of an airport as a place passengers a year This then opened the way for a new security, match baggage to people to be, not just serving the peak hour residential area to be built within the and smooth the flow of passengers requirement but a constant flow of airport environment. through the airport. people using the airport during the “The inclusion of the piazza is very Aircraft technology is also day, it becomes a very interesting different to the traditional way that advancing in ways which can also proposition,” he said. airports are normally approached,” affect the airport of the future. The new Jewel at Changi Airport said Rothe. Although the concept of folding in Singapore, is an example of where “Then they’ve included a aeroplane wings is not new, the new this journey is beginning. The new residential area in the airport, very generation of Boeing 777Xs will be the building is aimed at being a tourist cleverly planned around a runway first commercial aircraft to have them attraction in its own right and configuration to have low noise when released in 2020. features vast swathes of lush planting levels. All of a sudden, an airport In this case folding the wings and a 40m high internal waterfall really turns into a city.” reduces the wingspan from 72m to cascading dramatically from the roof. Rothe accepts that surface access 65m to allow the new, wider aircraft “If I travel to a place in Asia and remains a challenge, particularly to use existing narrow taxi ways, I have an opportunity to meet in the context of the revenue that Rothe says in the future, aircraft someone who I couldn’t meet airports currently generate from with fully foldable wings could allow otherwise, why not stop for a day car-parking. But he says this is a docking stands to placed much closer and meet at the airport, have a swim challenge that must be solved, given together. This would mean shorter and build it into my holiday and I the environmental concerns about distances between gates and more can relax?” said Roth. “I can have a airports and expansion (see page 26). docking capacity, allowing for a meeting there, why do I even need to Baggage handling is an easier fix, fundamental redesign of an airport’s go into the city?. he reckons. Rothe says the airport footprint. “Our lives are changing and that is of the future will have city centre It all means that the function of an opportunity for the airport.” baggage collection and drop off airports will change drastically says Rothe cited Helsinki Airport where points to further integrate it into its Rothe. With vast amounts of space to car parking outside the terminal surroundings. play with, the airport can become an building has been transformed into a The benefit of this is two-fold. By entertainment centre, a conference unique piazza with an amphitheatre- moving the baggage handling to a centre; a destination in its own right. N

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 25 LETTING THE TRAIN TAKE THE STRAIN Growing environmental concerns are forcing airports worldwide to consider the surface access conundrum. Sam Sholli reports.

Future of The operator has predicted that, the UK benefits,” Heathrow Airport with expansion, the airport will be Ltd vowed in early 2018. Airports KEY FACTS handing 340,000 passengers per day To address this surface access by 2030. In this context, this means it challenge, Network Rail is working has become even more imperative for on the proposed Western Rail Access urface access to airports 50% Heathrow to prepare to serve more scheme to provide a tunnelled is an issue that his risen Proportion people from the UK in a sustainable link in between the Great Western in prominence in recent of passengers fashion and it is clear that improving Main Line at Langley and Heathrow years. The number of surface access to the airport lies at Terminal 5. The rail link would reduce people using London’s which must the heart of its operator’s strategy for journey times to the terminal from airports has risen by use public doing so. , , Reading and 38% between 2010 and 2016. But in “Through a robust and innovative . Work on the scheme could be transport Sthe same period the proportion of surface access strategy, we can completed in 2027 and the new rail passengers using public transport to to get to deliver additional capacity and put service to the airport is expected to reach Heathrow, Gatwick and expanded the UK’s hub airport at the heart of begin in 2028. airports has fallen. the transport network, ensuring all of In March last year, the Department The need for improved surface Heathrow for Transport also invited market- access has never been more pivotal, Airport by led proposals to attract private after the House of Commons voted in investment in a proposed southern 2040 favour of building a third runway at It has become rail connection into Heathrow, Heathrow Airport. although no scheme has yet been Airport operator Heathrow Airport even more taken forward. This project would link Ltd plans to start building the third existing Network Rail infrastructure runway in 2021 and for it to be imperative for south of the airport to Terminal 5. operational by 2026. For this, a new line would branch off MPs approved the expansion plan Heathrow to prepare existing track north of Staines. There on condition that it will only occur if are also options to extend the link to there is an increase in the proportion to serve more people track near Virginia Water and Chertsey of passengers using public transport “ stations. to reach the airport from 39% today to from the UK in a In March this year, Heathrow 50% by 2030 and 55% by 2040. sustainable fashion Airport surface access director Tony

26 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 “No longer do you have to build could be a game massive terminals. You can actually changer when it comes to have remote terminals in city centres, accessing airports and that pod would check you in and your baggage in and take you straight airside to your point of departure. All of a sudden I think the whole logic around airport planning could be affected and I think that is something that we could really look at as we go forward.” A high speed link connecting Heathrow and Gatwick has previously been dismissed by government. Last year, New Civil Engineer revealed that the HS4Air proposal connecting Heathrow and Gatwick to HS2 had been thrown out by the Department for Transport after being submitted as a privately-funded scheme. Meanwhile, improvements to infrastructure are set to boost surface access to London airports other than Heathrow. is to benefit from improved rail access from the with the agreed and funded partial electrification of the . The reopening of the East-West rail route between Oxford and , will also help the airport. The new service will stop at where there is a connection to Luton via . Thameslink services to and from and Luton Airport Parkway railway station are also being expanded through Network Rail’s Caccavone described delays to the Stansted, Gatwick and Heathrow £6bn which is government’s decision about the airports with purpose-built “check in to be completed in December 2019. southern rail connection to Heathrow terminals” in central London would The Thameslink programme and as “frustrating” and confirmed that replace the need for a third runway at Crossrail will improve connections Heathrow Airport is urging the Heathrow. between central London, Heathrow, government to speed up the decision- “When we start looking at multiple Gatwick and Luton airports via the making process. airports that serve a region, the interchange between the two lines at Together, the southern connection question I would [ask] then is ‘is that Farringdon on the edge of the City. and the Western Rail Access schemes the right way to go about expanding “There is no air hub location could serve more than 25% of demand capacity?’” currently in operation. However, for surface access to Heathrow “In the London context, there are the completion of the Elizabeth from outside of London, according three [major] airports: Stansted, Line (Crossrail) and Thameslink rail to a 2012 Civil Aviation Authority Gatwick and Heathrow. One could projects would allow the creation passenger survey report. turn around and say: ‘Why do we not of such a hub at Farringdon, with “Without the implementation of connect them?’” Dhaliwal told New its direct connections to Heathrow, both schemes it is difficult to envisage Civil Engineer. Gatwick and Luton airports,” says how Heathrow Airport could achieve the London TravelWatch report. any significant improvement in The report also claims Crossrail will public transport share,” said a report improve access from parts of London published in January by London The Thameslink to and to TravelWatch, London City Airport. statutory watchdog for transport programme and But it is not only London airports users in and around London. that requiring surface access Alternatively, Hyperloop One Crossrail will improve improvements, the same applied to managing director for the Middle regional ones. East and Harj Dhaliwal claims connections between Airport plans to publish a that hyperloop technology could final masterplan later this year along be a “gamechanger” when it comes central London, with long-term surface access and to enhancing airport connectivity. “ sustainable growth strategies. Bristol In London, Dhaliwal suggests that Heathrow, Gatwick and is the largest airport in the UK without an extensive network connecting Luton airports a rail or mass transit link, without

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 27 Future of Airports

to meetings with me at the airport so passengers incurring financial losses It is vital that they know all about it,” he added. after missing their flights as a result of a long-term Earles has called for a more hands delays on a rail, bus or coach journey on central government approach to to the airport. sustainability strategy improving surface access. Different airports have taken “We just need airport access measures to address such issues in is clearly laid out to be recognised as a thing from recent times. On fares and ticketing, the government and to take it Transport for London’s (TfL) seriously. We are the UK’s front contactless system is now “direct access to a motorway and even doors to the globe, to international valid for use to and from the airport without dual-carriageway access to trade, and we need the government on the TfL rail service which runs the airport. to ensure that access to and from that from . Ticket machines at “It is crucial that people are able front door is good enough for what we Heathrow have now been upgraded to get to and from the airport and need,” he said. to include fares to all likewise it is vital that a long-term Infrastructure improvements are destinations. sustainability strategy is clearly laid not all that has been discussed with Perhaps the biggest challenge for out,” Bristol Airport planning and regard to bettering surface access to airports is the fact that significantly sustainability director Simon Earles airports. Other issues that have been improved surface access could told New Civil Engineer’s Future of raised include the need to make fares present a fundamental challenge Airports conference in May. “I have and ticketing simpler for passengers to their business models. “If you lost count of the number of ministers travelling to and from airports. look at the business model [of and officials stuck in traffic on the way There is also the issue of airports] today, 40% [of income] is non-aeronautical and half of that is car parking,” Henrik Rothe a senior PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM lecturer in airport planning and management at Cranfield University Piccadilly told the New Civil Engineer Future of Airports conference. Crossrail “But we see a lot of challenges of Southern rail access getting people to the airports, and a Western rail access large part of that is car parking and having all those cars is not sustainable HS2 LONDON in the long term.” Paddington If new infrastructure such as new Stratford runways or terminals is to be built Old Oak Liverpool then factors such as emissions Common Street created by cars and the space Twickenham required to accommodate them must Slough be taken into account, Rothe said. Victoria Waterloo He accepts that this presents major challenges for airports whose capital Canary Wharf spending plans are tightly regulated and geared around keeping down HEATHROW airline landing charges. Richmond Feltham “That is difficult for an airport as you write off one of your revenue Staines Clapham Common generators and you have to replace it with something that is linked to the city and the wider urban context.” N

l Like what you’ve read? Hear Henrik Rothe’s views about how airports can expand and work with the cities they serve by subscribing to the New Civil Engineer’s The HEATHROW Engineers Collective podcast. The 2032 latest edition, focuses on the Future of Airports, and is out on Wednesday 26 June. Subscribe via Apple or Spotify or via www.newcivilengineer. com/podcast

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Cordek_Ad_Ground_Gas_CellventHX_265x210mm.indd 1 08/03/2018 14:25:27 Future of Airports Virtual Reality Test bed: Toulouse is leading the Hyperloop charge WAY FINDER Virtual reality can help passengers find their way around The virtual reality system enables people airports Connor Ibbetson reports. to explore airports before they get there

irtual reality specialist Information such as opening times, and lasers called Matterport, which Ocean3D is taking a KEY FACTS menus and even how-to-videos can be can scan an interior environment different approach to embedded in the simulations. Equally, in anywhere from an hour to a day the concept of digital sensitive information such as security depending on size. A simulation can twins, by applying 2 days camera locations can be removed then be generated within two days. a customer-focused from the simulations. Ocean3D is able to easily provide up approach to the concept of virtual Time it takes The simulations can then be viewed to date models of locations and can realityV (VR) environments. to generate a in first person in a “fly-through” style easily scan and incorporate new areas The Cornwall-based company’s simulation similar to street view functions on or information into a model. aim is to help improve customer computer maps, or as floor plans, The software has also been trialled experience and make travelling easier showing the entire location and all the on a construction site, for use in civil by building photo-realistic virtual information available on one screen engineering projects. reality mock ups of public spaces Having such a tool before leaving Wood says that such virtual such as railway stations, airports and home can help give equality and environments could allow designers tourist attractions. accessibility to those who need more and engineers to make vital decisions Ocean3D director Chris Wood tells assistance, says Wood. without groups of people having to New Civil Engineer that using a VR The technology behind the virtual travel to site all on the same day, environment to visualise and explore environments is a system of cameras increasing productivity. your destination before you get Ocean3D’s innovative use of digital there can help greatly with journey twin technology recently netted it planning. New Civil Engineer’s Future of Airports This is extremely important to Innovation Gateway 2019 Award. customers with disabilities or mental Having such a British Aviation Group deputy chair health issues such as autism, where Jason Fowler, one of the judges, said encountering unfamiliar environments tool before travel the company had put quality thinking can be extremely distressing. behind its technology to address The VR environments help passengers can help give equality a clear issue. “Ocean3D’s product explore a building, as each location can addresses a community that hitherto be filled with information and virtually- and accessibility to has not been given a huge amount guided directions to tell them where of support in a very innovative way they need to go to check in, collect those who need more and will have a real impact on the tickets or find facilities. “ customers.” N assistance

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In association with The offsite revolution has huge potential in the airports sector, with design for manufacture and assembly concepts increasingly being adopted as a solution to traditional challenges in a sector which is subject to heavy health and safety regulations, limited space and restricted working hours. But does the supply chain need to deliver the innovation on some of the UK’s most high profile infrastructure projects? Sam Sholli reports.

n 2018, the Chartered Institute of Building called construction “a risk averse sector” with “problems in getting products to the market and scaling up production”. It added: “We have to ask the question of whether Icurrent business and financial models are fit for purpose in being able to deliver the houses, buildings and infrastructure that the UK needs.” If one accepts that the industry is plagued by such difficulties, one remedy could be to further embrace design for the manufacture and assembly (DfMA) and offsite construction, concepts which in recent years have come to embody wider digitalisation and innovation in construction. In the past, the offsite model has, despite its benefits, had a limited uptake. According to the July 2018 Science & Technology Select Committee report, Offsite Manufacture for Construction: Building Future Heathrow expansion will involve a high degree of offsite manufacturing for Change, this may even partly stem from some of the early problems because you do not quite trust it… result, the sector is bracing itself for and poor aesthetics associated with We have got to get over this mindset.” more offsite construction than ever. prefabricated housing in the post-war Offsite construction is not a novel That is because the airport’s era. concept though, as it has before been operator Heathrow Airport Ltd, wants It was with these ideas in mind used on large infrastructure projects. as much as possible done away from that New Civil Engineer convened Components of Crossrail have been the constrained west London site. a recent round table debate on manufactured in the , To make this happen, Heathrow the future of airport construction. for example. Airport has shortlisted 18 offsite While the consensus was that offsite Heathrow Airport – the UK’s largest logistics hub sites to deliver its third construction was definitely increasing – is preparing to expand and as a runway. Four sites will eventually there were still concerns about be chosen and Heathrow expansion barriers to its adoption. director Phil Wilbraham is keen “In no other bit of your life do for them to service more than just you think ‘manufactured’ means a In no other bit of Heathrow. bit clunky and a bit cookie-cutter,” your life do you Like Heathrow, Dublin Airport says Bryden Wood director and head operator DAA is building a third of global systems Jamie Johnston. runway. In total, DAA plans to spend Everything else that is manufactured think ‘manufactured’ €1.8bn (£1.55bn) on 117 projects as means it is beautiful and high-quality. means a bit clunky and part of an expansion programme Buildings is the only [area] where you that will allow it to handle up to 40M would not buy a new one necessarily a bit cookie-cutter passengers a year. Work includes

“ JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 33 Future of Airports Debate

What we see more and AT THE ROUND TABLE more often is that the designs are still This report is informed by a round table debate Derek Holden, head of aviation, UK & Ireland, developed too far held at New Civil Engineer’s Future of Airports Aecom “ conference in May. The debate was held in Emma-Jane Houghton, delivery commercial before you get the association with consultant Aecom. director, Heathrow Airport Ltd supply chain engaged Around the table were: Jamie Johnston, director and head of global systems, Bryden Wood Rob Ewen, delivery director for Heathrow Chris Wheeler, major project manager (national), expansion, Heathrow Airport Ltd building a new terminal, and Dale Sinclair, head of design for manufacture and Jonathan Adams, director, Laing O’Rourke changes to the airfield as well as the assembly, UKI, Aecom Sorin Berniczki, commercial manager, Heathrow construction of new piers and cargo Tim DeBarro, head of projects, Heathrow Airport Ltd Airport Ltd areas. DAA head of asset management Geoff Rodgers, deputy vice chancellor for research Dave Beddell, strategy and growth director, Aecom & development Larry O’Toole says and innovation, Brunel University Larry O’ Toole, head of design and delivery, Dublin the prospect of offsite logistic hubs Matthew Randall, operations director, Mace Airport is currently being explored and that Antonio Izcara, design manager, Ferrovial Elisa Vadalà, project controls engineer, Manchester a “logical” conclusion would be to Mark Hansford, editor, New Civil Engineer Airports Group look at successful sites set up for Heathrow. In particular, O’Toole says that present. Dublin Airport bosses are already “I think the industry is probably in talks about using John Graham FURTHER READING a little bit more mature than people Construction’s site in Northern think and I think the supply chain Ireland. “The concept of Heathrow’s does actually have the ability to do a offsite hubs is fantastic,” O’Toole House of Lords Science uk/pa/ld201719/ldselect/ lot of this,” he remarks. says. “It is definitely worth exploring & Technology Select ldsctech/169/16902.htm Aecom UK and Ireland head of how we can tap into that – be it using Committee report, British Precast report aviation Derek Holden also highlights existing hubs or creating new ones. “Offsite Manufacture for “Sustainability Matters” the time constraints and the need We want to promote the idea of more Construction: Building https://www.britishprecast. for confidence in delivery as a offsite construction in the sector and for Change” https:// org/Sustainability/ reason behind why DfMA and offsite so we are looking very closely at what publications.parliament. Sustainability-Report.aspx construction has not been adopted Heathrow is doing.” more widely. Aecom head of DfMA for UK and “Aviation, like all other transport Ireland Dale Sinclair believes an often is that the designs are still today, is used by everybody and that offsite model could help deliver more developed too far before you get the is great because we all move around efficiency for the aviation sector, but supply chain engaged. And when with connectivity,” he says. “The bad says that the offsite mentally must I say supply chain I do not mean news is of course there is no time start with design. “I think we [as an Laing O’Rourke or Mace, I mean the to do anything. You have all heard industry] need people to go back to suppliers of the components. working on airports described as akin some of the old schools about how “It is not about main contracting to doing ‘open heart surgery when you put construction information engagement, it is about getting right you are running a marathon’.” together. down to the next tier,” he says. However, he is optimistic about the “A lot of designers are abdicating “People think you can develop a prospect of DfMA being adopted with responsibility. And I think certainly concept design without engaging the more frequency as more examples of what we see is that this whole notion component level, and you cannot the benefits emerge. that you do design intent and then in my view. We spend half our time Mace has been at the front of the pass the fabrication drawings to unpicking designs and then trying to charge towards modern construction someone else creates waste in the redo them and then what you end up methods and its operations director process.” getting is a bit of a hotchpotch, and Matthew Randal affirms that push Laing O’Rourke director Jonathan hence it does not work.” continues, with aviation a key growth Adams agrees that early engagement But Adams, despite his area. “We are going from 50% offsite of all suppliers, not just designers, is reservations, is largely confident build where we are at the moment key: “Probably the most important in the ability of the aviation sector to an 80% offsite target. We want to thing is that early engagement, to welcome DfMA and offsite do that by 2021. We are looking at because what we see more and more construction far more than it does at four growth areas, one of them being

34 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 aviation because it lends itself to We are not repeatability.” “The passenger is absolutely key there yet as an in aviation and you must keep the passenger flowing at all times, which industry and one of is why it lends itself so well to an offsite assembly and a minimal impact the key challenges is in the typical four-and-a-half-hour closed window of construction that how do we procure the we have each night.” “ One benefit of offsite that has offsite assembly been highlighted extensively is its potential to improve health and safety conditions for construction workers. 30% and factory waste to landfill by Figures from the Health & Safety well over 96% since 2008. Executive show that in construction, Broadly speaking, DfMA may also be around 2.4M working days were lost viewed as a means of improving client in 2017/18 due to work-related injuries satisfaction. Offsite manufacture and ill health, costing the sector more gives clients greater certainty about than £1bn. timescales and costs on projects Crawley-based not-for-profit because better quality components financial services firm B&CE, can be produced using standardised which provides insurance-based design processes. products to people working in the However, the ability of DfMA to UK construction industry, has argued produce these benefits depends that the benefits to health and safety largely on digitisation. In written from offsite construction include evidence to the House of Lords last reduced likelihood of work-related year, UK Research and Innovation ill health; efficiencies in process, said digitisation is vital to improving reducing exposure to hazards; the safety of buildings and reduced musculoskeletal disorders infrastructure “through more robust on and offsite; less likelihood of injury certification of components and and accidents; and a less probable standardised systems of assembly, risk of developing latent health tracked through digital models”. conditions. However, there are still hurdles to Heathrow Airport Ltd expansion Aviation is considered not to be ready for offsite manufacturing overcome if the airports sector is to delivery director Rob Ewen also truly embrace the offsite revolution. suggests increased adoption of DfMA “We are not there yet as an industry in aviation could also have beneficial and one of the key challenges is how mental health outcomes for workers. do we procure the offsite assembly “We have the opportunity to put AECOM’S MODULAR AMBITIONS because that is a key barrier to where ourselves in a place where we can we are,” Randall claims. do things more cost-effectively in a Consultant Aecom is working with the Silvertown CCG Offsite Manufacturing, better timescale, with better results Partnership, comprising Chelsfield Properties, First Base a Scottish structural timber for all the individuals involved and and Macquarie Capital, to deliver up to 3,000 homes on a manufacturer has admitted that better results also in operation derelict site at the in east London. clients can be reluctant to use off-site because it is more predictable and manufacturing because “multiple more standardised.” The consultant is delivering a design and build solution aspects” of a project “need to be It has also been claimed that off- to fast-track the construction of the £200M residential finalised at an earlier stage” than they site construction has environmental element on the site. Under plans being developed by TSP do in traditional construction. advantages when compared to more and Aecom, a modular construction facility will be delivered But Aecom’s Sinclair is upbeat. He traditional methods of construction, at Silvertown with the capacity to create 500 homes a year insists: “This is not a new thing that both when it comes to the process of from 2018. we are doing…We have clearly [as building products and in the finished Although modular homes have been built and transported an industry] to make offsite and DfMA products themselves. to other London sites, this is the first development with its work” According to a 2018 report own factory on site. He added: “[Aecom] certainly published by concrete sector Developers First Base say the factory, in Silvertown, believe in this and we are already trade association British Precast, will deliver homes up to nine months quicker and costing doing our own modular construction the precast sector has reduced 20% less than was possible using established housebuilding off-site and we see DfMA as an manufacturing carbon emissions by techniques. extension to that so we want to be a 28%, mains water consumption by part of that.” N

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 35 Future of Airports Podcast Test bed: Toulouse is leading the Hyperloop charge FLIGHT MODES Episode 2 of the Engineers Collective discusses the future of airports. Mark Hansford reports. Rothe: Airports visionary

irline check-in public transport will be encouraged. stage concert hall celebrating the has already been That has profound implications – for Dresden Airport Night. transformed through surface access networks to airports Better use of the airport the rapid uptake and for the airports themselves that infrastructure will dominate the of online check-in. currently depend heavily on car airport industry in the coming Heathrow is the parking as a source of revenue. decades. This is to provide urgently obvious example; but it is only one of Airports have for a long time have needed capacity and improve manyA airports that are re-thinking the relied on non-aviation revenues. While the airports position within stiff space needed for that task. Terminal 5, car parking and airside retail have competition. which opened in 2008, is already now contributed, forward looking airports And there are new transport being redeveloped by owner/operator have long identifi ed other income systems entering medium and Heathrow Airport Ltd to redeploy the streams. Munich’s Airport Centre potentially long-distance travel. space once passengers checking in with [MAC] with its own brewery invites Airports will be able to see this as a their bags. The check-in free terminal is the local neighbourhood as it provides chance for competition. already well within our vision. space for the unexpected delay of In any case, environmental The next obvious step is the aircraft especially in snow-rich South constraints and lack of additional baggage-free terminal, and that is Germany. runway capacity will force airports to transformational. Salzburg is dedicating its Terminal integrate high speed rail, Hyperloop and Urban Turbine, a research project 2 to trade exhibitions and events eVTOL into a coordinated infrastructure led by Henrik Rothe and run by in the non-winter season, Dresden – formidable challenges to the physical Cranfi eld University, is leading the way transforms its passenger terminal, a infrastructure with consequences for in investigating the practicalities of former aircraft hangar into a multi- the Airport business model. N this. Working with industry partners, G New Civil Engineer editor Rothe and his team is investigating Mark Hansford and deputy editor the expansion of the pick-up from Alexandra Wynne will discuss the home concept, moving the baggage future of airports with Urban Turbine’s operation away from the passenger The check Henrik Rothe in Episode 2 of The terminal and towards highly effi cient Engineers Collective, the new podcast baggage fulfi lment centres. in free terminal from New Civil Engineer. Subscribe This has to come under scrutiny. via Apple, Spotify or newcivilengineer. Because by liberating the passenger is already well within com/podcast. Episode 2 is out on from his or her baggage the use of our vision Wednesday 26 June. 36 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JULY 2019 “ Marsh Industries Leaders in off-mains drainage products

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BCIA 19 Shortlist DPS - Sponsors.indd All Pages 06/06/2019 16:20 INITIATIVE CATEGORIES ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE Sponsored by EQUALITY, DIVERSITY & INCLUSION INITIATIVE OF THE YEAR OF THE YEAR Costain Skanska JV, Improving diversity across our whole workforce The Carey Group, Aggregate and soil engineering J Murphy & Sons, Women’s Convenience Packs plant at Ford Dagenham BMV JV, Oldbury Viaduct EDI Initiatives A14 Integrated Delivery Team, A14 Cambridge to Thames Estuary Asset Management 2100, Huntington Improvement Scheme Thames Estuary Asset Management 2100 (TEAM2100) 9 October 2019 | Grosvenor House Hotel, London Railway Paths, Alternative Corrosion Prevention for Metallic Bridges Focus Logistics, SMARTLogistics (South Quay Plaza) HEALTH, SAFETY & WELLBEING INITIATIVE OF THE YEAR Keltbray , Introducing water recycling at Borough Yards Winvic Construction, SEGRO Logistics Park East Midlands Gateway Sir Robert McAlpine, Fen Court Clugston, CNIM Clugston Resource Recovery Centre Tideway , More by river Thames Estuary Asset Management 2100, MWH Treatment, Waterworks Bridge Thames Estuary Asset Management 2100 (TEAM2100) 2019 SHORTLIST ANNOUNCED Sponsored by PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE OF THE YEAR COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT INITIATIVE OF THE YEAR A14 Integrated Delivery Team, A14 Cambridge to PROJECT CATEGORIES Beard, The Science Oxford Centre and Wood Innovation Centre Huntingdon Improvement Scheme Severn Trent Water, Newark Customers and Communities First Initiative Transport for London, The Conflict Avoidance Panel (CAP) OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE PROJECT OF THE YEAR HOUSING PROJECT OF THE YEAR Northern Gas Networks, Redheugh Holder Demolition Project TSP Projects, Leeds Railway Station Southern Concourse New ETFE Roof Costain Skanska JV, Legacy Strategy, HS2 Enabling Works Department of Health & Social Care, ProCure22 Efficiency + Productivity Brighton Main Line Improvement Project Nine-day blockade of Anthology Hoxton Press Environment Agency, Shoreham Adur Tidal Walls Programme : Pre and Post Occupancy Evaluation Toolkit Three Bridges to Brighton and Three Bridges to Lewes Dora Carr Close Environment Agency, Starcross & Cockwood Tidal Defence Scheme Galliford Try, Derby Station remodelling: partnership Croydon in Collaboration Material Store Morrisroe Group, Hugh Myddelton Primary School Outdoor approach enables early delivery King’s Scholars Pond Sewer Rehabilitation Quebec Park Learning Centre and Urban Farm Clugston, CNIM Clugston Resource Recovery Centre Nene Bridge Pier Strengthening Rail overbuild at Principal Tower Environment Agency, Totnes Flood Defence Improvements Fortel Services, A30 Bodmin Padstow Tidal Gate Refurbishment The Boiler House by HUB MWH Treatment, New River Embankment Scunthorpe Central Power Station Roof Replacement The Interlock PRODUCTIVITY INITIATIVE OF THE YEAR Skanska , River Humber Gas Pipeline Replacement Project Victoria Station Upgrade Urbanest Vauxhall Colas, Colas UK: Ambassadors for British Construction in Uganda Cleveland Bridge UK, A14 River Great Ouse Viaduct Waterworks Bridge Reconstruction A14 Integrated Delivery Team, A14 Cambridge to SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT OF THE YEAR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION INITIATIVE OF THE YEAR: Huntington Improvement Scheme COMMERCIAL PROPERTY PROJECT OF THE YEAR Alder Hey Children’s Hospital: Institute in the Park CIVIL ENGINEERING Costain Skanska JV, Applying LEAN and Ergonomics to Archaeology in Infrastructure 52 Lime Street Beatrice Shilling Building Highways England, Jacobs, Bryden Wood, Sir Robert McAlpine, Developing a Project Data 70 St Mary Axe Channing School Rapid Engineering Modelling: Smart Motorways Programme Analytics Community; transforming construction BBC Cymru Wales Headquarters Greenwood Centre Balfour Beatty, Digital Ninjas – Getting our people ready for the future, today Cornerblock Institute of Physics Ramboll, Interactive digital reporting TEMPORARY WORKS INITIATIVE OF Sponsored by Hawley Wharf Mulberry Park Community Hub, Bath Atkins, Digital Image Correlation to Improve Structural Health Monitoring THE YEAR: BUILDINGS Institute of Physics The Garden Building, St Paul’s Girls’ School Thames Estuary Asset Management 2100, Tony Gee and Partners, West Pavilion Stability The Ray Farringdon The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh Thames Estuary Asset Management 2100 (TEAM2100) Robert Bird Group, 21 Moorfields UK Hydrographic Office, Taunton The Science Oxford Centre and Wood Innovation Centre A14 Integrated Delivery Team, A14 Cambridge to Civic Engineers with Forcia, Quadrant Arcade, Regent Street Sponsored by Huntington Improvement Scheme Sir Robert McAlpine, 425 Oxford Street, London CULTURAL & LEISURE PROJECT OF THE YEAR TRANSPORT PROJECT OF THE YEAR Sir Robert McAlpine, Royal Albert Hall, London DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION INITIATIVE OF THE YEAR: BUILDINGS Cambridge Central Mosque Dover Western Docks Revival Scheme Robert Bird Group, Clarges Mayfair Coal Drops Yard Ely Southern Bypass John SISK & Son, Transforming Construction using Tony Gee and Partners, John Lewis Store Temporary Underpinning Robert Bird Group, Bank Station Capacity Upgrade - Temporary Truss Royal Opera House - “Open Up” Hackney Wick Station Digital Smart Container - E03 Wembley Southbank Centre Northern Spire JJ Rhatigan, Carolyn House Golden Thread Sponsored by Implementation Through Digital Construction TEMPORARY WORKS INITIATIVE OF St Albans Museum + Gallery Victoria Station Upgrade THE YEAR: CIVIL ENGINEERING Wessex Capacity Alliance Sir Robert McAlpine, Eclipse Tower, Bristol Temperate House Precinct Project Galliford Try, Houlton Link Road: exceptional lift Wigan Bus Station Atkins, Digital Construction: 3D Reinforcement Emerald Headingley Stadium, Leeds Modelling for Major Civils Projects procedure for bridge beams The V&A Dundee JBA Bentley, The Foss Barrier: Road to Recovery UTILITY PROJECT OF THE YEAR BIM Academy, Forest City Digital FM Project, Malaysia Hochtief UK, Ardleigh Green Bridge – Bridge Launches Sir Robert McAlpine, Advanced Data Analytics for Project Execution CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECT OF THE YEAR CNIM Clugston Resource Recovery Centre BMV, Oldbury Viaduct Temporary Works Croydon in Collaboration Zaha Hadid Design, Precision 3D forming of Cleveland Bridge UK, A14 BN20 & 21 Morecambe Wave Reflection Wall ‘The Kensington’ Sculptural Billboard Shoreham Adur Tidal Walls Deephams STW A630 Upgrade Skanska, Wessex Capacity Alliance - Cantilevered HAKI Access Deck Golder Associates with TfL, Turnham Green SER/ESR SPONGE 2020 Greener Grangetown The Ipswich Tidal Barrier Project King’s Scholars Pond Sewer Rehabilitation To book your table contact: To sponsor the awards contact: Knostrop Sludge Treatment Facility Totnes Flood Defence Improvements BCIA.NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM James Candler Francis Barham North Wales Sludge Strategy Waterworks Bridge Reconstruction 020 3953 2100 020 3953 2912 @BCIAwards #BCIAwards [email protected] [email protected]

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RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT £50k per year for 2 years Closing date for applications Monday 2 September 2019 What is the high street for? In the first six months of 2018, an average of 14 shops a day closed down in the UK. Commentators on this have written optimistically about “clearing the debris of retail to make way for a new kind of high street”. The phrase “high street” brings with it connotations of locality and community, and evokes the stories we like to tell ourselves about communal life. This year’s 1851 Fellowship asks the questions: what is While you are enjoying this informative issue of New Civil Engineer, the high street for, and what might the “future high street” be like? your colleagues aren’t and that doesn’t seem fair to us. To help your team keep up-to-date with the latest developments, best practice and thought-provoking opinion in the construction industry, contact us today: Visit our website for full details of how to apply Telephone: +44 (0) 203 033 2948 www.royalcommission1851.org Email: [email protected] Innovative Thinking NEW DESIGN CONCEPTS, INVENTIVE CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND FRESH IDEAS

Innovation comes in all shapes and sizes, from a small but game-changing project to reconstruct a section of platform north of Manchester, to a German consulting giant working to shift its mindset.

MOSTON STATION PLATFORM REBUILD / PAGE 42 DREES & SOMMER’S ROAD TO INNOVATION / PAGE 48 HEWSON’S QUEST TO EMPOWER THE YOUTH / PAGE 50

JULY 2019 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 41 Innovative Thinking MOSTON PLATFORM REBUILD

A663 M60 N A576 Precast concrete Reinforced precast High density Asphalt MOSTON STATION concrete deck plank retaining wall topping Tactile paving Coping A62 OFFLINE A6010 MANCHESTER 2km Working platform 2015 level Platform 2 damaged REPAIR Infill A small commuter railway station outside Manchester £690k has just undergone a rapid platform rebuild with very few Cost of project track possessions. Sam Sholli reports.

May 2019 Geofabric laid on benched Ballast Track Project completed cutting Infill Steel Reinforced precast support beam concrete plinths New Existing perforated sandstone 25 pipe culvert Pad foundation Age of leading engineer t fi rst glance, Moston The old station just outside PLATFORM PRIOR Precast concrete Rear brick wall on Manchester may KEY FACT platform edge Platform concrete retaining blocks design was BEFORE TO DEMOLITION not seem like a CROSS SECTION hotbed of innovation. 40m all possession work. Commuter trains Length of pass through each of the sleepy The plans were to Precast damaged Precast concrete units Lighting cables station’s two platforms half-hourly. concrete panels Ballast A section of Covers to culvert But one of the station’s platforms excavate down right has just undergone a condensed platform “ Culvert reconstruction project, with next to the track Sandstone culvert: engineers coming up with a unique masonry construction design which meant contractors were not limited to small windows of track Alex Evans, a 25-year-old who is

possession to deliver the scheme. currently studying part-time for a Handrail In 2015, a 40m section of platform 2 degree in civil engineering at Bolton was damaged when loose equipment University. from a passing freight train smashed With PLATFORM Precast concrete retaining wall into it. The damaged area was closed – a key stakeholder – COMPLETED 2.4m AFTER off as the plans for a rebuild started. expecting to run longer trains through CROSS SECTION Tactile paving Infill The rebuild was a chance to bring the station from April 2019, the Asphalt Coping units the Victorian station’s platform up to rebuild team had to come up with a 1 in 40 fall Working platform modern standards, particularly as the solution which could be undertaken Reinforced precast concrete deck

Rail Accident Investigation Branch at speed. This meant ditching the Steel support beam report into the incident found that initial design by external consultants the damage might have been avoided in favour of a scheme which avoided if the spacing between the platform much of the track possession they and adjacent track had met current had proposed. Track support zone criteria. This also meant the £690,000 Geofabric laid on benched cutting But what makes this project stand scheme could avoid paying as much Pad foundation supporting 550mm reinforced precast concrete plinths out is the unique design, which was compensation to train operators. New perforated pipe led by Network Rail design engineer “The old design was all possession

42 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JULY 2019 work. The plans were to excavate down right next to the track and cast a strip footing continuously all the MOSTON PLATFORM REBUILD way down. “It would have also involved A663 sheet piling next to the track. In short N M60 A576 windows you would not have been Precast concrete Reinforced precast High density Asphalt able to get much done and it would MOSTON STATION concrete deck plank retaining wall topping Tactile paving Coping have taken a lot of possessions to get A62 through that programme,”

A6010 says Evans. Moston station is situated within a 9m deep soil cutting. The original MANCHESTER platform was a concrete structure that retained a granular fi ll. It 2km incorporated an old brick retaining Working wall at the rear which was used to platform level retain the cutting slope behind it. An existing sandstone culvert ran 2015 below the platform, parallel to the Platform 2 damaged rail. Concrete units were positioned on the culvert side walls below the fi ll Infill and between each unit were ballast boards which retained the fi ll. £690k Network Rail’s in-house civil engineering team was tasked with Cost of project redesigning and building the section of platform in a short, eight month programme. The new design and May 2019 Geofabric construction method centred around laid on benched Ballast Track removing the need to use the track Project completed cutting Infill Steel Reinforced precast for plant. support beam concrete plinths Evans explains: “Normally, the New Existing perforated sandstone traditional method of platform 25 pipe culvert Pad foundation construction would mean transporting Age of leading engineer materials via the railway. “This means the railway needs PLATFORM PRIOR Precast concrete Rear brick wall on to be closed so working hours are platform edge Platform concrete retaining blocks TO DEMOLITION restricted to midweek nights and CROSS SECTION Saturday nights, which for this area would mean around six hours per shift.”

Precast The access point for the plant is Precast concrete units concrete panels Lighting cables Ballast more than 1.6km away and the speed Covers to culvert limit is 8km/h. So once a machine had got onto the railway and made its way Culvert Sandstone culvert: to the site, an hour would have been masonry construction lost. The same would have applied for exiting the railway. This would have reduced the

Handrail working time to around four hours per shift. The new design meant that most of the work could be undertaken PLATFORM Precast concrete while the railway was open. retaining wall COMPLETED 2.4m Evans adds: “There were some CROSS SECTION possessions for some elements Tactile paving Infill Asphalt of the work but these activities Coping units 1 in 40 fall Working platform were achievable in the possession Reinforced precast concrete deck windows, whereas the alternative

Steel support beam design was more complicated as it involved signifi cant temporary works which posed a risk to track quality and were time-consuming.” Network Rail overcame the Track support zone Geofabric laid problem of where to place the on benched cutting Pad foundation supporting construction equipment serving the 550mm reinforced precast concrete plinths site by undertaking an analysis of the New perforated pipe stability of the cutting’s slope.

JULY 2019 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 43 Innovative Thinking Moston Platform Replacement

Our innovation was to do some slope stability calculations to prove “that plant could work mid-slope

This showed that the slope would be stable during construction while the toe was removed and the retaining wall installed. Drained stability analysis was also undertaken on the designed slope to demonstrate that the earthworks would be stable in the long-term. Network Rail works delivery – civils senior design engineer Pip Stokes explains: “The original design was based on stuff being on the track and doing things from there, whereas our innovation was to do some slope stability calculations to prove that plant could work mid-slope.” The team looked at a fl at section of the slope where machines could potentially sit, with calculations showing that it could hold the machinery. “Proving that (the slope’s stability) basically allowed diggers to operate completely separately from the track and meant that our machinery was all the way away from the track and therefore everyone could work in the week and it was just fi ne. But it took that bit of design work to make that happen,” said Stokes. Precast units around the new drainage system. excavations and installation of Slope stability analysis was finished the new The platform’s reinforced concrete shallow pad foundations. used to model the additional load platform deck was supported with new 2.4m Installing shallow pad foundations from the plant positioned on the long, 533mm deep by 312mm wide, enabled Network Rail’s team to work slope. The surcharge from the 151kg/m I-beams, spanning between around the existing culvert, beneath machinery was 10kPa. the pad foundations. Diagonal bracing the platform. The new platform construction between the primary steel members Evans explains: “This avoided involved excavating the toe of the were also used. These elements using strip foundations, which would cutting to create room for a new were prefabricated and pre-drilled mean you have to dig down beside platform and replacing the old brick offsite to reduce programme risk the track by 5m and you have lateral retaining wall with a new precast and mitigate the risk of hand arm support taken from the track so you concrete one. The culvert beneath vibrations on site. Precast reinforced need to retain the track which means the platform was replaced with concrete sections, known as coping you would need signifi cant temporary a perforated pipe that was also units, were chosen to fi nish the new works which would be likely to intended to improve historic track platform. These combined tactile involve the installation of sheet piles drainage issues at the site. Two rows paving and asphalt. to do that.” of pad foundation were also installed. There was no requirement for To reconstruct the platform, These support the new platform and temporary works to retain the track two rows of precast concrete pad enable the new platform to be built as the design specifi ed only localised foundations, which were 550mm

44 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JULY 2019 “ESSENTIAL READING FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS”

GEORGE MCFADZEN MORGAN SINDALL

New Civil Engineer

PUT YOURSELF IN FRONT OF 48,000 INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS CONTACT FRANCIS BARHAM 020 3953 2912 | [email protected] Innovative Thinking Moston Platform Replacement

The nature of the foundation design meant that excavations “were localised wide, 550mm long and 800mm deep were placed at 2.7m centres. They were lifted into position. The pad foundations were installed in a progressive sequence along with the installation of the adjacent retaining wall. The second row of pad foundations and the retaining wall were installed while the railway was open, minimising disruption. “The nature of the foundation design meant that excavations were localised and the precast pad foundations could be installed immediately, therefore we only took lateral support from the track in isolated pockets and for no more than 15 minutes,” explains Evans. A mass gravity retaining wall comprising interlocking precast concrete blocks, provided by Redi- Rock, was installed to retain the slope. Evans says: “The existing retaining wall at the rear of the platform retained the toe of the cutting. We proposed removing the retained material to the rear of the wall with exactly the same solution to Pad foundations before deconstructing the wall; this ours and the deliverer had worked were installed This project was an example of making sure we in exactly the same way as our while the railway removed the lateral pressure on the in-house delivery had worked, you was live meant so much wall before removing the wall and could add an extra four months to not undermining it. The construction the programme and we would still be to me as it showed what sequence was considered here in September.” throughout.” He added: “The other advantage we can achieve when Platform construction began in was that when design was 95% design and delivery January this year when Network Rail’s fi nished in terms of effort, we updated design was signed off. were able to issue drawings to our “ work hand-in-hand The construction work was deliverers in a way that we would undertaken by Network Rail’s not be able to if we were an external in-house civil engineering team, designer or they were an external date last August to sign off in May. avoiding the need for a lengthy deliverer. Refl ecting on the project, Evans procurement process. “We were able to show them told New Civil Engineer: “This project Network Rail works delivery – civils under the covers before we would meant so much to me as it showed programme manager Ben Campbell otherwise, and the advantage of what we can achieve when design says: “One big programme saving that was that they could do detailed and delivery work hand-in-hand was in procurement time. Appointing planning on the delivery side earlier and support each other through the an external designer and an external and book possessions and book long process. We were able to negotiate contractor as a rule of thumb would lead items.” existing infrastructure to deliver a have maybe taken two months each. The has now been completed, both quality product while minimising the So even if the designer had come up on-time and on-budget from the start impact to the railway passenger.” N

46 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JULY 2019 EXCHANGE, CELEBRATE AND INSPIRE 400+ Construction professionals Expert55+ judges 400+attending the Festival 55+

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ENGINE How do you get a traditional engineering firm to think like a start-up? German consultant Drees & Sommer has a strategy to change its mindset. Emily Ashwell reports.

s the engineering future,” he explains. sector moves into Every employee Overall the programme aims to industry 4.0 – the KEY FACTS be collaborative with the rest of collective name for should know industry, with Drees & Sommer wise the fourth industrial enough to know that a good start-up 300 how start-ups did this revolution of will not want to limit itself to one digital technologies such as cloud Number of and do that, because company. computingA and artificial intelligence start ups “If we do it alone we will get only – engineering firms face a choice. on Drees in five or 10 years a those start-ups who are desperate They can dedicate time, money, & Sommer “ enough to talk with one company,” resources and risk to becoming early lot of things will have says Matejka. “But most start-ups, database adopters and innovators; or wait for if they are good, they have a lot of the technology to mature and the changed possibilities because there’s a lot of market to pass tipping point before money in the market.” embracing with less risk. The decision to foster and invest in German consultant Drees & start-ups has some immediate, clear Sommer wants to be at the forefront which starts in October. Then Drees benefits. Drees & Sommer gets to of innovation. To do that it says it has & Sommer will spend six months cherry pick the best ideas, help build to think more like a start-up. So how developing the start-up’s business a company and have a share of its does it plan to achieve this change and its market. success. But it is hoping it will impact in mindset and what are the results As well as benefits to Drees & staff too. so far? Sommer, the start-ups will benefit too, He says: “One important reason Simple really, it is going to start from the firm’s expertise and from why you should bring in start-ups working with some of the 300 start- access to its customers. as soon as possible is that how ups on its database. It will select the Volker Matejka is head of start-ups work – the methods, the final few start-ups to be part of a new professional services at Thing processes, the technologies – none of accelerator programme starting this Technologies, a digital consultancy these are important to the start-ups autumn. helping Drees & Sommer. themselves. The process will involve a three “Start-ups are in love with their “But they are important to the month incubation period to develop idea but most of the time it’s wrong corporates. Every employee should the start-ups in the early stages. because there’s no testing. The know how start-ups did this and do Those more developed will take acceleration programme will show that, because in five or 10 years a lot part in the accelerator programme them and will show us if there’s a of things will have changed and at

48 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Start-ups are in love with their idea but most of the time it’s wrong because “there’s no testing

spaces, a theatre style space for presentations and desk space. As with all innovations, some aspects work, while the jury is out on others. The hub is spacious and green and has a room especially for immersive building information modelling (BIM) use. However other elements such as small rooms with a single desk surrounded by red curtains may feel slightly claustrophobic rather than places to engender concentration. But that is the nature of innovation – you have to experiment. It is the technology behind the DS Hub which Drees & Sommer says is an exciting innovation in itself. All the digital elements of the building are in one app. It offers technology such as a mobile app which senses when a worker has entered a meeting room and sends them a push notification asking whether they want least the employees will have heard The innovation to reuse the materials, knowing what to book it. Lighting, ventilation and of the new things. hub is just they were made up of. heating which also switch themselves “If firms are just sitting and waiting, outside the The second element of the firm’s off when sensors detect that they are I don’t know how they will handle German city of drive to increase innovation has unused. that in 10 years when they have Stuttgart started at its headquarters in Although digital control of these to change (clicks fingers) like this. Stuttgart with its new innovation elements is available through Cultural change takes a decade.” centre, the DS Hub. individual apps today, Drees & You might not have heard of Drees The firm has taken a 2,100m2 Sommer says most buildings using & Sommer, but it is a major player in former book binding factory and them use unconnected sensor Germany. remodelled it into a space where staff systems and different access and It has been operating for 50 can develop ideas and where the firm control systems. It says within its years, has 3,200 employees globally to build partnerships with start-ups. technology system, a central control and almost 80% of them from an “We have considered ourselves the unit uses artificial intelligence engineering discipline. It has a innovation leader in the market until to enable the different building handful of staff in the UK after its now, but we think it is necessary to automation systems to network with acquisition of project manager and speed up innovation to be able to each other. Data is collected so that costs consultant Procore in 2017. The say the same in 10 years’ time,” says systems are optimised – for example consultant sees itself having up to 150 Drees & Sommer managing director the app might sense that a meeting employees here within the and partner Patrick Theis. room has not been used that day so next decade. In the past, when an employee had would tell the cleaners not to clean It would be unfair to paint the firm an idea for an innovation, they had it. The technology behind the app is as previously lacking innovation, for to find a team to develop it and find a self-learning artificial intelligence and example it led the development of client to take it on. is being rolled out on projects. a concept called Cradle to Cradle. Now Drees & Sommer is taking a It is this sort of innovation which This involves documenting different proactive approach to supporting Drees & Sommer wants its staff to components of a building material – employee innovations in a co- develop. right down to constituent chemicals ordinated manner. It has even Drees & Sommer is not alone in its – so that when a project is finished launched a website where employees innovation drive. Many major players the client has a complete inventory can pitch ideas and other staff can have similar strategies such as the of the materials used. This is known pitch in suggestions or rate the Arcadis Digital Innovation Hub. But as as a materials passport. In the future original idea. they all know, it is ultimately the ideas if the building were to be demolished The DS Hub is housed over which come out of these hubs which or changed, engineers would be able three floors and contains meeting will distinguish them. N

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 49 Innovative Thinking SME Profile YOUTH AND AMBITION What can engineers in Luton learn from an Indonesian metro project? Plenty says Hewson Consulting Engineers, which says the UK needs to draw on global experience to drive up skills. Emily Ashwell reports.

ewson Consulting give them the training and mentoring how to design, and is concerned that Engineers may only be they need then it’s a lost opportunity he increasingly sees other consultants in its teenage years, KEY FACTS for us as a business and for the outsourcing or sending design work to but the consultant has industry as well,” says director other countries. its eye very much on £3M Andrew Hodgkinson. “We talk about projects being the next generation. “Look back at the days of Brunel. designed in Britain. Historically The -based firm has Hewson [Engineers] were all mentored. They the UK had a huge influence on Hpartnered with the University of Consulting’s had the right character but needed international projects. It was a on its scholarship scheme, turnover one to one mentoring from a technical powerhouse for international civil sponsoring one or two students each point of view.” engineering design. We have seen year. It is involved in a similar scheme 38 Hodgkinson says the whole firm’s that wane over the years – we are not at Southampton University. ethos is a commitment to fostering doing design for overseas projects in All students are mentored by Number of UK engineering skills. the way that we used to and exporting senior engineers, ensuring they engineers He says he has an “increasing in that sense,” he says. get into management roles as soon concern” that the UK no longer has Hewson has 24 engineers working as possible, with nine in 10 of the employed enough engineers that understand out of its Guildford office and 14 in its sponsored students joining Hewson by Hewson Hong Kong office, alongside a handful as graduate engineers. Consulting of support staff. The firm, which has It is this commitment to skills and a group turnover of close to £3M, learning which helped earn Hewson is a bridge and structural design the title of Trending20 Champion consultant. at the recent NCE100 Awards. The Its work covers a range of Trending 20 category recognises There’s also disciplines including permanent those small and medium sized firms works design, independent that lack the marketing clout of their a wealth checking, temporary works, bigger competitors, but are punching feasibility assessment and concept above their weight. of capability and development, but the focus is “There’s a wealth of experience clearly on engineering design and that sits with our senior team but enthusiasm which it does not seek to emulate the there’s also a wealth of capability and sits with our young larger multi-disciplinary consultants. enthusiasm which sits with our young It works all over the world, but engineers. If we don’t release that and “ most of its work is in the UK, South engineers

50 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 READ MORE INNOVATIVE THINKING ARTICLES AT NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/INNOVATIVE-THINKING

We’re seeing more innovation and willingness to be more genuinely “innovative on some of the overseas [projects] than in the UK

So, what does he put this down to? “There’s an increasing conservativism among clients and maybe clients have become less technical… A lot, particularly local authorities, are so reliant on … framework consultants, they may not have any technical expertise in-house, so how do they know what’s a good idea or what innovation will work and what the risks are,” says Hodgkinson “Our concern across client organisations is that the engineering East Asia and the Middle East. Hewson associate This is one of the attractions capability and understanding is Its biggest UK project is currently director Richard the firm feels it has for the young being lost in favour of programme the £225M Luton Dart, (Direct Air-Rail Scantlebury students on their year placement. and project management – the softer Transit) which will take passengers (left) and Associate director Richard skills. We’re not saying they’re not from Luton Airport Parkway station director Andrew Scantlebury says: “We’re small enough important, but they need to be on to London Luton Airport in under Hodgkinson to supervise them pretty closely. We an equal standing with [technical] four minutes. (right) can drop them in at the deep end pretty engineering.” It is a cable pulled train project, early and they love it.” As an SME Hewson has had to which the consultant describes as Whether they are working on the learn how to punch above its weight having a “little bit of everything”. Dart project or designing a viaduct to get in front of clients and drive Hewson is providing structural in Malaysia, experience is gained on innovation – particularly drawing engineering services for the project’s. many projects that move quickly from from projects it has worked on overground and underground station. design to construction. overseas. The scheme also includes a viaduct, “You can be here a year for your This means teaming up with other bridge and tunnel connecting to the placement and something you design SMEs to offer a broader spectrum underground station. might get built in the time you’re of expertise. Like many similar It is also providing checking actually here,” says Scantlebury. specialists Hewson says that the services for the bridge works. The With a young, hungry workforce top clients in the UK are too often above ground station design work and a global outlook in terms of wedded to the big consultants and takes many lessons from Hewson’s projects and clients, Hodgkinson that the industry should do more to recent work designing stations on would like the rest of the industry open to SMEs. the new Jakarta Metro in Indonesia, to look a bit more globally at what is The firm is happy to stay in the where it was structural designer for happening in terms of innovation so SME arena for now, with its strategy 5km of viaduct and four stations. that its clients – mainly contractors – to recruit students to secure its Offsite construction was used to become less risk averse. technical expertise for the future. deliver the project in a hugely built “There is a lot of talk of “Growth in consultancy is based up and congested area. innovation, but what frustrates on having the right people. For us it A Hewson project team is always us is that often we’re seeing more is not a bums-on-seats exercise. What headed by a technical person and innovation and willingness to be more we’ve found, and this is certainly true the firm encourages an atmosphere genuinely innovative on some of the of Luton, is that you don’t need big where people challenge and ask overseas [projects] than in the UK,” teams to do big projects, you need questions. says Hodgkinson. the right people,” says Hodgkinson. N

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 51 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Tech Showcase GREENBLUE URBAN SLOWING THE FLOW

A sustainable urban drainage system is increasing the capacity of the Grangetown area of , enabling it to better cope with the climate change impacts.

or many older cities and photo A Solution with Multiple Physical, towns, sustainable water Social and Economic Benefits : :

management has been arup As well as slowing the flow, cleaning steadily rising up the water naturally and reducing the agenda for years. Existing financial and carbon costs of pumping ageing infrastructure built wastewater, a key goal was to ensure for a different era and population, that Greener Grangetown delivered a Fcoupled with increased hardscape areas wide range of other of economic, social and roads for today’s living means that and environmental benefits. drainage infrastructure in some areas is Natural Resources Wales project operating at or above capacity. Heavy lead Martyn Evans, says: “The new downpours result in systems being street designs included installing overwhelmed resulting in flooding and attractive rain gardens and kerbside associated pollution and damage. planting areas. The harsh reality is that options “These not only enhance local to increase the capacity of existing biodiversity and wildlife, but drainage pipe networks are very deliver important improvements to expensive and unsuitable in the face of water quality in the River Taff, and climate change. encourage water efficiency. What can be done, however, is By creating more green areas develop sustainable and resilient we’ve opened up new opportunities for sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) people to enjoy walking, cycling and that mimic natural drainage, allowing The drainage system diverts and holds back water other recreation close to where they surface run off to be managed as close live and work. to the surface and as close to its source advising on the tree pit installations, and More greenery and tree planting also as practicable. assisting the Greener Grangetown team means noise and pollutants are better “Greener Grangetown” does just that KEY STATS from concept through to completion. absorbed, and air will be cleaner too.” by relandscaping the urban realm with Before the scheme began, rainwater As well as forming part of the rain soft landscape and SUDS interventions. flowed into the sewer, mixed with garden strategy, the trees and shrubs Greener Grangetown in Cardiff 135 wastewater from kitchens and bring a cohesive identity to the Greener is a very interesting example of Number of bathrooms and was pumped around Grangetown area. the successful retro installation trees planted 12.8km to the Vale of Glamorgan, The layout, species, shapes and of SUDS features into an existing before being treated and released out colours of the planting gives each street urban streetscape. The work was as part of to sea. By removing this rainwater from an individual look. In total, 135 trees commissioned by City of Cardiff the Greener the sewer, Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water has have been planted – and a total of 19 Council, Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water reduced the energy used for pumping different species. and Natural Resources Wales and led Grangetown and treating the wastewater. By doing Where possible, tree pits were linked by Arup. Arup’s water engineers and scheme this, it has freed up some space in the below ground, increasing available soil placemaking team designed solutions sewer to help the region adapt to more volume for the trees, and simultaneously that integrated SUDS and public extreme weather conditions which are increasing water attenuation capacities, realm improvements, with GreenBlue caused by climate change. a true win-win.

52 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Michael Jones BAUER TECHNOLOGIES “We can draw on our global experience to bring ideas to the UK”

here are great oppor- ny, where our machines are now tunities to innovate starting to communicate with each in the UK foundations other and produce reports without T market. needing people to generate them. We can draw on The rigs are able to produce daily our global experience to bring ideas reports and pile records by them- that are more efficient than those selves. On a large project in Asia, we commonly used in UK, providing have recently introduced a portal time and cost savings to our main where not only Bauer staff but also contractor clients. clients can view real time data to see exactly what is being done at Industry View Industry NEW METHODOLOGIES any minute, day or week on site. I am keen to bring techniques This is a very transparent system that Bauer is using elsewhere in that brings a very collaborative the world, particularly from our approach to reviewing production headquarters in Germany, that are the group to bring expertise and as well as identifying and solving UK-compliant but aren’t regularly equipment in and send them away anomalies on site. being introduced into the UK. when a project is finished, avoiding I want a closer relationship with a high overhead and allowing us to MACHINE LEARNING our head office in Germany to operate very competitively. The technology is almost at a stage optimise new innovations that are where machinery will be able to being developed in its research and DIGITISATION AMBITIONS detect a potential defect before it development department. Everyone knows that we perform becomes a problem and causes a Typical products for a basement large and technically complex stoppage on site. We’re getting to retaining wall in the UK include a projects, but we also want to move the point where we can identify secant or contiguous pile wall or much further forward with digital- issues before they happen. Ultimate- a diaphragm wall. A much more isation. That is linked to building ly, that means that we will be able cost-effective solution in some information modelling, but is much to dramatically remove breakdowns soils could be some kind of “mixed more than that. It’s taking Bauer’s from rigs, which will improve per- in place” wall, which is a product developments, again from Germa- formance and bring the costs down. being used by Bauer as an excellent It’s very exciting. I want to bring solution – it’s roughly 25% to 30% those German innovations to Bauer cheaper than a secant pile wall. A much more Technologies in the UK. FLEXIBILITY IS KEY cost-effective Michael Jones has returned to the In Germany Bauer offers the full UK to once again take up the role range of geotechnical products. In of managing director at Bauer addition to the mixed in place wall solution in some soils Technologies, the foundations Published we’d be looking to bring in other could be some kind of contractor he set up in 2007 and in association things as and when required. We which is 100% owned by Bauer with Bauer will delve into the resources within ““mixed in place” wall Spezialtiefbau. JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 53 Innovation News NEW INNOVATIONS THAT WILL TRANSFORM YOUR PROJECTS NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/INNOVATIVE-THINKING

TRANSPORT POSTAL TUNNELS RETROFIT FOR BAGGAGE HANDLING

Plans to retrofit Royal Mail’s abandoned underground rail network to transport passenger luggage from central London to the city’s six main airports have been revealed. The plans were revealed at New Civil Engineer’s Future of Airports conference by architects Weston Williamson & Partners. The plans integrate existing and Overground lines with the disused Royal Mail cargo system so passengers can drop off their luggage at check-in points across the capital, to be transported to Heathrow, Gatwick, Luton, Stanstead, London City or Southend airports.

ENERGY UTILITIES TRANSPORT SWEDEN DEVELOPS FOR LONDON ORDERS WORLD’S FIRST LAUNCHES 20 HYDROGEN POWERED BUSES MODULAR TIMBER £3.9M UTILITIES TURBINE TOWER MAPPING PLAN

Swedish start-up Modvion has London’s gas, water and secured £430,000 to build the electricity infrastructure is to first modular timber wind be digitally mapped to help turbine tower. The company engineers working on utility aims to reduce the weight of projects. The Mayor of turbine towers, making London’s Office has secured a transport from factory to site share of £3.9M to create easier, and cutting carbon London’s Underground Asset emissions. Modvion has Register, which will map the developed a system of glue location of buried electricity Transport for London has hydrogen-powered laminated timber panels and telephone cables as well ordered 20 hydrogen-powered double-decker buses in the mounted on a cylindrical as gas and water pipes. The buses to help cut air pollution world. A £12M contract to build central frame which can be scheme will allow workers to in the capital. The buses will be the buses was awarded to erected within two days once locate underground introduced on routes to Wrightbus, in Northern Ireland, the panels have been infrastructure on their mobile Wembley Stadium, and from with £5M provided by European assembled. The system can be phones, tablets or laptops west London to the West End, bodies and £1M from the Office built to any height up to 150m. before they start construction. and will be the first of Low Emission Vehicles.

54 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Industry Report

Steel for Life would like to thank its sponsors: HEADLINE STRUCTURAL BARRETT STEEL LIMITED STEELWORK GOLD Ficep UK Ltd, National Tube Stockholders and Cleveland Steel & Tubes, Peddinghaus Corporation, voestalpine Metsec plc, Wedge Group Galvanizing Ltd

SILVER Jack Tighe Ltd, Kaltenbach Limited, Tata Steel, IN ACTION Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd P56 TWENTY TWO BISHOPSGATE TOWER, LONDON P58 TRIPLE KIRKS STUDENT RESIDENCES, l For further information about steel construction and Steel for Life, please visit www.steelconstruction.info or www.steelforlife.org P60 LINKING STATION ROOFS AT LONDON WATERLOO P62 MANCHESTER AIRPORT’S STEEL FRAMED EXPANSION Edited and written by Martin Cooper P64 MEGA-WAREHOUSE TOWERSTRUCTURAL STEELWORK IN ACTION POWER The City’s tallest tower has presented a series of engineering challenges to designers and contractors installing its structural steel.

opping out at 62-storeys and 278m-tall, Twentytwo at is the City of KEY FACT London’s tallest building, and second only to

the Shard in western Europe. Although the project is still under 17,000t construction – it is due for completion at Amount of the end of the year – the building is already a landmark structural “Reusing the foundations was the project’s biggest Tstructure as it towers over the Square Mile’s other steel used challenge,” says WSP project engineer Diego Padilla skyscrapers. Philipps. “In the end, we reused 100% of the existing piles, As one would expect, there is a host of large numbers although some are not in the most convenient positions connected with this mammoth superstructure. It contains for the new structure.” 17,000t of structural steelwork, a total which required In order to remedy this pile position challenge, transfer more than 14,000 individual crane lifts to install. Holding it structures have been introduced at basement level and all together are 300,000 bolts and forming the floors, there level two to support columns that do not have a pile is 170,000m2 of metal decking. directly below them. The new development is being built on the plot of the The basement level transfer structure is a 15m-long previously stalled Pinnacle scheme. It incorporates the plate girder weighing approximately 97t, which supports below-ground elements of its predecessor, including three a single column that extends up to the full height of the floors of basement and a raft slab supported on piled building. foundations. Meanwhile, the level two transfer structure is another From ground level upwards it is a steel framed giant steel member that also transfers loads from structure surrounding a large central core, with minimal perimeter columns. This plate girder weighs in excess of internal columns ensuring long clear spans of up to 17m. 100t and is 14m-long. Twentytwo will eventually offer an impressive 118,000m2 An existing access route to the basement loading bay of flexible workspace for all sizes of businesses. meant that steelwork contractor Severfield had to design, The building will be the first of its kind to house a food fabricate and erect a structure dubbed the “Rhino” truss market, while other amenities will include an innovation because of its shape. hub, gym, wellbeing retreat and spa, a restaurant and “This is circa 150t in weight and was erected using two London’s highest free public viewing gallery. tower cranes. We had to get a special dispensation from the Constructing one of Europe’s tallest structures on the manufacturer to uprate the cranes for the erection of this site of a previous scheme was always going to throw up a truss,” explains Severfield project manager Kyle Fletcher. “It few snags. is made up of site bolted booms, nodes and diagonals, with

56 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Reusing the foundations was the project’s biggest challenge. In the end we reused 100% of the existing piles

“The centrally positioned core contains 35 lifts, providing direct access from the entrance lobby to all levels. Squeezing so many lifts into one core, without intruding on any of the valuable floor space, meant a long slender core design was chosen. Consequently, the core cannot provide the necessary structural stability for the superstructure’s steel frame during high winds. This has required the installation of two giant outrigger stability systems positioned on two intermediate floors, adding some stiffness to the building and controlling sway and acceleration. Padilla Philipps uses a skiing analogy to describe the work the outriggers perform. “If a skier has his arms straight down by his sides, there is very little stability. However, by introducing poles with arms outstretched one can maximise stability.” Positioned at levels 25 and 41, both of which are double-height floors containing plant equipment, the outriggers are large floor to ceiling V-shaped trusses that link the core to the perimeter columns and provide bracing. There are three sets of outrigger trusses on both floors, all of which extend from the building’s east elevation, through the core and then connect to the west perimeter columns. They were fabricated and erected in sections to form trusses typically made up of a top and bottom boom, plus internal diagonals. The internal diagonals are installed with the bolts pinned in oversized holes to allow movement in the truss when the building deflects with axial shortening under Above: Steel gravity loads during construction. These do not become PROJECT TEAM outriggers at levels “active” until the building is fully loaded, at which point 25 and 41 add they are tightened. Project: Twentytwo, 22 Bishopsgate, London extra structural The trusses vary in size depending on their locations, Main client: AXA IM – Real Assets and Lipton Rogers stability but the largest is approximately 15m by 7.6m, when fully Developments assembled. Architect: PLP Architecture Installation of the final steel beam at the end of March Main contractor: Multiplex was the culmination of over two years’ work, which Structural engineer: WSP began when Severfield placed the project’s first column in Steelwork contractor: Severfield January 2017. Commenting on the successful conclusion of the the heaviest node weighing approximately 20t.” steel erection programme, Multiplex project director In order to maximise the building’s floor space and help Andrew Feighery said the work had gone remarkably the remainder of the perimeter columns locate on existing well, considering the unique challenges of a such a tall pile positions, the structure’s lower columns, up to level building. 7, are mainly inclined. He also pointed out that the amount of steel in the As the columns are raking outwards, there are structure is twice what went into the Eiffel Tower. some large structural reactions and transfer forces. Fletcher adds: “It’s not all that often you are presented To counteract this, the floor beams are slightly larger with the opportunity to work on a project of this scale, on these levels and installed in a diagonal position, as and it was a great, landmark moment to erect the last opposed to being perpendicular to the core. piece of steelwork. Like most UK high-rise commercial buildings, the “A project of this scale in the centre of London superstructure comprises a composite design of cellular possesses a variety of inherent and unique challenges, beams supporting metal decking and a concrete slab. This which, due to the skillset and experience of all involved, provides a diaphragm action restraint to the perimeter did not affect our ability to deliver to programme with an columns. outstanding safety record.”

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 57

LEARNINGSTRUCTURAL STEELWORK IN ACTION FRAMEWORK A steel frame design has been adapted to allow developers to change an office development into student accommodation

steel framed residential scheme is set to steel has the advantage of being fabricated offsite. This add some much-needed accommodation for results in far less material on the footprint, as it is brought Aberdeen’s large student population. KEY FACT to site and erected immediately. It is also quick to erect Known as the Triple Kirks, the project which is something we like.” comprises three interlinked blocks (11, 12 600t Altering the design from a commercial office block to and 13-storeys high), offering 337 en-suite Amount of a residential building did, however, mean a rethink of the accommodation units and ancillary facilities, that wrap structural steel frame. The office was conceived as a braced frame, aroundA a spire dating from the 1840s. steel used but the accommodation block’s design contains many The spire once served three separate churches, hence more windows along each elevation, meaning there is no the Triple Kirks name. These structures fell into disrepair room for traditional cross-bracing. a long time ago and when developer Dandara purchased The solution was to install three jump-formed concrete the site only the protected spire remained. cores, one for each of the conjoined blocks, and use these Alongside the construction programme, restoration and for the overall structural stability instead of bracing. refurbishment work is being undertaken to the spire so Radiating from the cores, the floors are then formed with that it will become a feature element within the completed a composite design using metal decking and a concrete development. topping supported on steel beams. The building was initially to be redeveloped as a Before steelwork contractor EvadX started onsite, Grade-A office building, but changing market conditions Dandara had prepared the site by installing the cores led to the decision to transform it into high-end student and pad foundations, demolishing some remaining accommodation, helping to deliver a key element of the church walls and, importantly, constructing a 10m-high city’s new masterplan – by providing people the chance to continuous flight augur piled retaining wall along three live as well as work and study in the city centre. sides of the site’s footprint. The Triple Kirks’ apartments will regenerate the former The site sits at the bottom of a slope with ground level religious site and fit seamlessly with Aberdeen City access from the B986 dual carriageway, one lane of which Council’s vision for the rejuvenation of the Denburn valley has been closed to create a delivery yard. To the north area. At the same time, it will deliver a vital boost in the and east of the site, Schoolhill and a smaller thoroughfare, availability of student accommodation – as Aberdeen has Belmont Street are actually 10m higher. been suffering from a critical shortfall for decades. This means that what is essentially ground floor level Explaining the design, Dandara engineering director is referred to as Level -3, with the ground floor being the Greg Kerwick says: “The project was always going main entrance along Schoolhill. to be steel framed, whether an office or student Working out how to support the retaining wall during accommodation. On a tight and constrained site like this the construction process was another challenging aspect

58 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 RIM DataBase: Model 21 10/09/2018 12:29:19

Left: Steel’s flexibility came There wasn’t room for PROJECT TEAM to the fore as the hydraulic props, so using design was easily Project: Triple Kirks, Aberdeen changed from a steel beams were the best option Main client: Dandara commercial block Architect: Halliday Fraser Munro to a residential as the steel frame and floors can Main contractor: Dandara scheme Structural engineer: Dandara Top right: Three be built and cast around them Steelwork contractor: EvadX cores supply the “ frame’s stability Bottom right: of the scheme due to the confined nature of the plot. and two sit to the north of the spire and block three is Visualisation of the Once the steel frame, which ties into the wall for its three positioned to the south. Two and three are linked via a lowest levels, was complete, the wall had full support. completed project narrow corridor structure that wraps behind the spire. Up until that point a series of 356UC steel props had The new building never touches the spire, and open been installed. These large steel members each absorbed courtyards on either side of it allow natural light to approximately 2,000kN of load from the wall. penetrate the student units that face the retained feature. “There wasn’t room for hydraulic props, so using steel “We used pretty much the entire footprint of the site beams was the best option as the steel frame and floors for the new building, excluding the area around the spire, can be built and cast around them,” says Kerwick. and consequently there was no room to position a mobile “Once the steel frame had been erected, the beams crane,” says Kerwick. “All of the steel was erected via two were cut up and removed in pieces, with the holes in the luffing jib tower cranes which have been installed within floors then filled in.” the steel frame’s footprint.” The steel frame totals 600t, but the piece count is “Once the project nears completion the cranes will be very high, as there are no particularly long spans, with dismantled and the gaps within the frame will be simply no beam longer than 6.5m. The grid pattern is also very in-filled with metal decking, similar to the procedure irregular, as it has to encompass three different room necessary for the large props.” sizes, all of which are present on each floor, as well as Dandara envisages that Triple Kirks will become amenities such as a gym and reception area. Aberdeen’s premier student accommodation site , Typically, the design has a central corridor with housing a number of live/study and overseas residents, accommodation units situated either side. Blocks one helping to address a well-documented shortfall of rooms.

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 59

ACTIONSTRUCTURAL STEELWORK IN ACTION STATION The former terminal at Waterloo station, is being revamped with a new section of roof, requiring a high degree of complex design work.

he former Waterloo International rail passenger The new roof structure is 52m long by 18m wide and terminal at the western side of London’s 26m high at the western end. It is 21m high at the eastern

Waterloo station is being revamped to accept KEY FACT end and is supported at either end by steel framed and

domestic train services and accommodate glazed gable walls. shops, bars and restaurants. 300t The eastern gable wall is supported by Waterloo’s The structure fell out of use when London’s Amount of 1840s-built masonry walls, but otherwise, the new Eurostar terminus moved from Waterloo to St Pancras structural structure is self-supporting. It sits within millimetres of TInternational in 2007. It is now undergoing a major steel used the Waterloo International roof and the adjacent 19th refurbishment, which includes preparing the five century Waterloo roof, but does not touch either. platforms to accept domestic train services. A steel framed solution was the only viable design for A two-storey shopping and leisure complex will be the project. A lightweight structure was needed because no situated in the former Eurostar arrival and departure foundations could be installed to support it. Piling the site lounges, beneath the platforms. was impossible as a number of tunnels as well as Waterloo Improving access around the Waterloo station station’s underground ticket hall sit beneath the site. concourse is also ongoing and this work includes the “The entire roof structure including glazing is only construction of a steel roof that now covers the gap 400t,” says Kitching. “But however light this may be, between the original Victorian-built Waterloo station we still needed to work out where the loads could be canopy and the adjacent curved and glazed roof of the transferred to and if we could free up any capacity from Waterloo International terminal structure. the existing structures.” “Previously there was no need for this infill roof as The solution involved nifty juggling of loads and passengers would have entered the Eurostar terminal at required the buffers in the Waterloo International structure a lower level where a now dismantled canopy sheltered to be moved 50m down line. This was feasible as domestic them,” explains Wessex Capacity Alliance engineering trains are shorter than Eurostar trains. So by moving the risk manager, Chris Kitching. of train impact away from the new roof, nearly enough load “We have now installed a new composite steel bridge, capacity was found for the new structure. which will allow passengers to access the revamped “Nearly” is the operative word, as the roof still needs terminal at platform level and this is why the high-level two 508mm diameter circular hollow section (CHS) infill roof was needed.” columns to support it in the middle. Bourne Steel divisional manager Andy Davies adds: “In “Using circular columns means the steelwork is less simple terms, the infill roof is a rectangular steel framed harsh on the eye, and importantly, they have been located box, tapered along one side to accommodate the shape of so they do not hinder the important views in the station the Waterloo International structure and over-sailing the concourse,” adds Kitching. two station roofs.” The vistas which Network Rail is keen to preserve are

60 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Left: One of the The entire roof structure PROJECT TEAM roof trusses is made ready for including glazing is only erection Project: Waterloo station redevelopment, London Right: The working 400t, but we still needed to work Client, architect, structural engineer and main area was extremely contractor, : Wessex Capacity Alliance (Mott tight, squeezed out where the loads could be MacDonald, Skanska, Aecom, Colas, Network Rail Joint between the Venture) station and the transferred to Steelwork contractor: Bourne Steel adjacent offices “ Steelwork for the project was erected by a 300t- Below right: capacity mobile crane. Computer the views of the Grimshaw Architects-designed Waterloo Keeping the frame stable during erection was one of generated image of International arches above the former Eurostar terminal the main challenges for steelwork contractor Bourne tracks, and Waterloo’s listed Victory Arch and stairs at the completed roof Steel. Due to the confined nature of the site, the structure the station exit. was erected on substantial temporary works comprising As well as providing additional support to the roof, the two towers over 20m in height, a “planar” trestle and a CHS columns allow the structure to have a central area temporary lattice girder spanning approximately 25m with a 26m clear span. However, as no foundations can be between the towers. installed, the CHS members are founded directly on top of The temporary works enabled sequential erection from the Waterloo International platform slab. east to west and the installation of the gullwing trusses Because of its propped cantilever design, the slab is and roof steelwork, without the spine truss being fully subject to movement of up to plus or minus 100mm, so complete. The temporary towers and truss also allowed the columns are placed on bearings to allow for any shift, the wing trusses to be set at the correct level before de- which would otherwise crack the new roof’s glazing. propping, when the building load was transferred to the Forming the main span of the roof is a 52m long spine feature columns. truss, which is 4.2m deep and weighs 27t. It was brought This was exacting work as Davies explains: “Each to site in three sections, with the longest element, which gullwing truss had to be in an exact pre-set position spans between the CHS columns, weighing 13.5t. before the frame was de-propped and the glazing was The central spine truss supports a series of eight pairs installed, so they needed to be individually surveyed, of gullwing trusses that sit perpendicular to the main checked and then released by our designers before the structure, forming overhangs on either side. Each wing erection sequence could continue.” measures approximately 8.3m long by 4m deep. The new roof was completed early this year.

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 61

READYSTRUCTURAL STEELWORK IN ACTION TO LIFT OFF A steel framed terminal extension, featuring internal spans of up to 36m, is the centrepiece of Manchester Airport’s Transformation Programme.

anked as the third busiest in the UK, It’s a very complex steel Manchester Airport is currently undergoing a large-scale expansion programme that will KEY FACT frame and so the best ensure it maintains a position at the heart of the north of England’s transport network. 9,000t design was to go with sway frames Known as the Manchester Airport Amount of Transformation Programme, the scheme, which began structural as opposed to stability-giving Rin July 2017, consists of an extension to the existing steel used in Terminal 2, the construction of a 3,800-bay multi-storey the terminal concrete cores car park, a new baggage sorting hall and three new piers, extension “ one of which has a link bridge. was keen for us to minimise the number of movement The Terminal 2 extension is the centrepiece of the joints, because they create operational issues, but this project and is scheduled for completion in April 2020. The created a massive structural analysis challenge for us six-storey extension is 160m long, has a gross internal – how to analyse the steelwork with significant gravity floor area of 86,500m2 and will increase the terminal’s and lateral forces including blast as well as controlling overall size by 150%. The new structure has required just the enormous build-up of thermal thrusts and stresses, over 9,000t of steel, which equates to 9,000 individual caused by the lack of movement joints.” pieces needing more than 130,000 bolts. The solution was to adopt several analysis models Founded on 1,345 continuous flight augur piles, for each primary load case, as these were more the terminal’s compositely designed steel frame is manageable. Then, the team wrote computer programmes predominantly based around a regular 12m by 9m grid to pull the separate analysis models together to create a pattern. Three sway frames, which run the length of the combined model. extension provide the overall structural stability, while a “This meant we were able to alter variables as the movement joint cuts the building in half, alleviating any design developed and have the software easily process challenges associated with its length. large amounts of data very quickly. This data processing “It’s a very complex steel frame and so the best design technique proved essential in delivering the steel design was to go with sway frames as opposed to stability- to the tight programme,” says Sheppard. giving concrete cores,” explains Laing O’Rourke project The design also allowed William Hare to erect the leader Tim Brown. “This method was also quicker as extension in three sway frame strips. Beginning with the the steelwork was able to start being erected without us central frame, which was erected to its full height, the two having to wait for any cores to be completed.” adjoining areas on either side were then completed using BuroHappold director Julian Sheppard adds: “The client a similar method.

62 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 PROJECT TEAM

Project: Manchester Airport Transformation Programme Client: Manchester Airports Group Architect: Pascal and Watson Main contractor: Laing O’Rourke Structural engineer: BuroHappold Steelwork contractor: William Hare

measuring 8m by 11m and containing many of the building’s services. Each riser consists of eight fully assembled modules, each weighing 8t. Once the central area’s steelwork Left: The was completed, and before the side sway frames were terminal forms TRANSFORMING AN AIRPORT erected, the modules were lifted into place through gaps the centrepiece left in the frame. of an airport- “We had to lift the modules into place in this way as wide expansion a much larger crane would have been needed to lift the As well as the Terminal 2 extension, structural steelwork programme modules over and into the completed steel frame,” says has played a leading role in a number of other parts of Right: All of the William Hare project manager Richard Branford. the Manchester Airport Transformation Programme. terminal’s floors “A lot of detailing had to be done on the steel modules are compositely and the bracketry they fit to inside the voids as there was Of the project’s three planned piers, the first one and its designed only millimetres of clearance during the lifting process.” connecting 250m long link were recently handed over. It The overall layout of the structurally-independent required William Hare to erect 1,650t of steel. extension mirrors the adjacent steel framed terminal A steel framed baggage handling facility is being building. Once construction is complete, the two will constructed adjacent to the existing terminal. Measuring be connected, as various breakout zones will be formed 220m long by 14m high, this 33m wide single span portal in the existing partition to allow a seamless transition frame required approximately 500t of steelwork. between the two structures. Connecting the terminal extension to the new multi- The ground and first floor of the extension storey car park, is a recently installed 45m long steel accommodate arrivals, the second floor is departures, bridge. Weighing close to 100t, the structure was fully and the third is the international departure lounge with assembled offsite to minimise disruption. It was then retail units. The fourth mezzanine level has restaurants transported to its final position using self-propelled and VIP lounges, and the uppermost level is a plant zone. modular transporters and then lifted into place by one While the lowest three floors occupy the extension’s 750t capacity mobile crane. entire footprint, the upper floors are set back and overlook the departures level. Consequently, much of the departures zone is a triple- William Hare had up to 10 steel erection teams on height 36m-wide column-free area. This is created by a site, each with its own dedicated crane. Having so many series of 2.5m-deep trusses positioned at roof level. These cranes on one site was logistically challenging, especially large steel elements were brought to site in three pieces, as they could not overslew the adjacent airfield or the assembled on the ground before being lifted into place as operating Terminal 2 building. one 36m-long section. The middle sway frame section of the extension The Terminal 2 extension is scheduled to open in April accommodates three modular mega-risers, each 2020.

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 63

STORAGESTRUCTURAL STEELWORK IN ACTION

SOLUTIONSteelwork is the ideal framing solution for distribution centres and one logistics park in the East Midlands is currently completing its third phase with the material.

nce renowned for its shoe making manager Nick Lakin. businesses, Northamptonshire has “The steelwork for Unit 2 was erected in just nine

in recent times reinvented itself as KEY FACT weeks, which allowed us to get all of the trades, such as

the centre of the UK’s distribution cladders and roofers, quickly on site to follow on behind infrastructure. 3,250t the progressing steel programme.” The county’s geographic location in the Amount of Unit 2 is the larger of the two distribution centres, with heart of England is a key attraction, as is being close to structural a total area of 61,900m2, and its steel erection programme Othe UK’s main motorways and the area’s good links to the steel used was completed slightly ahead of that of its neighbour, via the A14. although both have an overall completion date of This has helped the county to attract leading retailers November 2019. and logistics firms, as well as branded food and consumer Measuring 314m long by 190m wide, with a maximum goods manufacturers, to set up distribution centres on its height to eaves of 16.3m, Unit 2 has five 38m wide internal many purpose-built sites. spans and required a total of 2,200t of steelwork. One of these is Warth Park, a 64ha logistics and It will feature a total of 56 cross docks and 19 level business park, adjacent to the A45 near Raunds, where a access doors, while internally, it is sub-divided into three third phase is now under construction. separate zones by two partition fire walls. The latest work includes two new steel framed Within the footprint of the five span steel frame, the distribution centres for Howdens Joinery (known as Units unit accommodates a three level office block positioned 2 and 3), which will add to the company’s existing on-site along one of its gable ends. Additional office space is also warehouse (Unit 1), which was completed as part of provided by an attached 370m2 single-storey pod located Warth Park’s phase two (see box). alongside the northern elevation. Steel is the most commonly used framing solution for Providing 3,700m2 of space, the three-level offices are the construction of distribution centres and the material based around a 7.5m by 7.5m column grid pattern. It has a sector market share of approximately 90%. measures 60m long and 22m deep and its beams support The material enables the creation of large clear spans metal decking to form the two upper floors. – crucial for today’s modern distribution centres – easily Externally, the majority of this gable façade (four and economically. Designers also like the fact that a steel spans) has glazed cladding, as opposed to the horizontal frame can be easily modified, strengthened and extended composite panels, which clad the other elevations. The if a user’s future requirements change. glazing extends beyond the current length of the office “There are always options when it comes to designing block and adds some flexibility to the overall scheme. and building a warehouse, but the main reasons we’ve “The extra glazing has been installed in case the client gone for a steel framed solution are cost and speed wishes to extend the office block in the future,” says Lakin. of construction,” says Winvic Construction project Project steelwork contractor Caunton Engineering has

64 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Left: Unit 2 is There are no internal PROJECT TEAM 314m in length Top right: The columns for the final 20m larger Unit 2 Project: Warth Park, Raunds, Northamptonshire contains a three of the structure Main client: Roxhill Developments level office block Architect: UMC Below right: More Main contractor: Winvic Construction floor space has been subcontracted on a design and build basis for both Structural engineer: RPS been created by buildings. The company’s senior structural engineer Jay Steelwork contractor: Caunton Engineering Hutton adds: “The portal framed structure, particularly omitting one row “ the overall stability, has been designed with the extended of columns 160m-long office already taken into account.” The steel design for Units 2 and 3 incorporates a PHASES 1 AND 2 hit and miss configuration for the internal columns, whereby one row of columns is omitted every other bay. This design creates more space for the end-user, but in Roxhill Developments first contracted Winvic in 2013 Unit 2, even more column-free floor area was required by to construct new highways infrastructure and undertake the client at one end of the structure. This request led the a major cut and fill earthworks scheme to reprofile the design team to use a double-miss configuration for the site, which sloped up to 10m, to create plateaus for the columns at one end of the structure. “This means there distribution centres. are no internal columns for the final 20m of the structure and so the adjacent columns had to be designed so they Phase 1 was completed the same year and included the 2 could absorb additional vertical and horizontal forces,” delivery of a 3,900m steel framed warehouse for DPD, says Hutton. with steelwork being fabricated and erected by Caunton The smaller Unit 3 has a total area of 28,100m2 and Engineering. measures 208m long by 131m wide, with a maximum Three further steel framed distribution centres were height to eaves of 16.3m. This four-span structure completed during phase 2, which finished in 2016. required 1,050t of steel and also includes a 1,600m2 two These consisted of a 12,000m2 warehouse for Airwair 2 level office block. International (steel by Caunton), a 38,200m warehouse As well as the two distribution centres, Winvic’s £45M for DSV (steel by Severfield), and Howdens Joinery’s phase 3 work also includes the construction of new initial Warth Park facility (Severfield), which offers 2 associated infrastructure, such as a development road 60,880m of floor space and a three-level office block. and a 15m-span bridge for an existing road.

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 65 Open for entries!

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ICE 13 Council seats up for election – vote before 16 July

The 2019 ICE Council elections opened on 3 June, giving members the opportunity to have their say on who should help to lead the Institution. Council comprises 38 members representing different countries and grades of membership. Its role is to represent the views of the membership to The Route Map is a result of the work done the Trustee Board. Council at last year’s Global Engineering Summit members serve for three years and are directly elected by the membership. SUSTAINABILITY Every year, certain positions on the Council become available, allowing members to ICE launches Sustainability stand for these positions. There are 13 vacancies to be filled this year: Route Map to achieving UN goals l Six general members, l Five regional members (one each for the , The ICE has launched its contained single projects. into action towards the UN London, Scotland, South East Sustainability Route Map, a The Global Knowledge Sustainable Development Goals. and & Humber), three-year plan for the global Sharing working group will “Based on the wealth of l One international member for engineering community to better bring UK and international knowledge, innovation and Europe and Central Asia, and engage with the United Nations professional engineering bodies ideas that were shared at GEC, one graduate member. Sustainable Development Goals together to increase SDG the ICE has developed the All members who are eligible (SDGs) and demonstrate the knowledge through education Sustainability Route Map to to vote will have received voting impact of engineering projects. and continuing professional transform the way engineers papers at the beginning of June. The route map identifies three development. engage with the SDGs. Over the Voting is open from 3 June until key areas for action and the The three focus areas next three years, our dedicated 16 July 2019. ICE has set up working groups were established following working groups will increase The results will be announced to deliver progress on them by the work of the ICE-hosted SDG knowledge throughout at the ICE’s Annual General 2021. Global Engineering Congress the profession and establish a Meeting on 23 July. The Measuring, Monitoring (GEC) in October 2018. ICE way for infrastructure projects l For more information visit: and Reporting working group brought together thousands of to align effectively and make a www.ice.org.uk/about-ice/who- will evaluate current methods engineers to determine how to measurable impact against the runs-ice/ice-council#election and provide a framework that deliver the SDGs. SDGs.” allows engineers to consistently ICE sustainability leadership The ICE is asking members, measure and report on the SDG team chair Davide Stronati, the industry and the wider impact of their infrastructure who is also member of the GEC sustainability community to projects or programmes. legacy strategic steering group, share their SDG-related work The Systems Approach said: “Engineers are ideally to help achieve the route working group will help placed to answer the many map’s aims. engineers adopt a collaborative challenges the world faces, and l For more information, visit outcome-based system for GEC was a unique opportunity www.ice.org.uk/knowledge- delivering infrastructure, for the worldwide engineering and-resources/sustainability- ICE: Voting for Council has begun shifting away from self- community to turn words route-map

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 67 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

MAJOR PROJECTS The London 2012 Olympics is an example of a major infrastructure project where the benefits to Better preparation the local area far outweighed the costs makes better projects ICE report says more preconstruction work should be done to ensure that major projects come in on time and to budget

Scoping, design and analysis of shows that unforeseen issues major infrastructure projects that arise during major project should be completed before delivery make incredibly work begins, says an ICE report difficult to forecast time and published last month. This will cost accurately. help them come in on time and Changes to design or scope budget, it says. resulting from incomplete The report entitled Reducing analysis or preparation after that the success measures for public more about the benefits the gap between cost estimates work starts is one major cost projects should shift from an of major infrastructure projects, and outturns for major driver, says the report. over-focus on costs towards rather than the costs. infrastructure projects and This often results in project whole-life benefit. Former Transport for London programme looks at how the teams having to carry out Data from a survey, construction director Miles built environment sector can remedial work. conducted by YouGov, shows Ashley chaired the report’s reduce the gap between cost The report says there is too there is support from the steering group. He said estimates and outturns for much focus on costs and calls general public for such a move. infrastructure is a vital part of major infrastructure projects. for success to be measured in It says that 74% of 2,075 British society. The ICE’s global investigation terms of whole-life benefits. adults surveyed agree that “Major assets help to into infrastructure forecasting The report also recommends politicians should talk to the stimulate economic growth,

INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY NEW TECH ICE Grayling repeats ICE launches digital Lecture to explore Smeaton lecture to infrastructure twin knowledge ways to get new focus on development commitment sharing programme technology adopted of Newcomen engine

Transport secretary Chris The ICE’s new Digital A free lecture on 9 July will This year’s Smeaton lecture will Grayling has reaffirmed the Twinfrastructure knowledge explore how the rail sector explore the work of 18th century government’s commitment to programme this year focuses can do more and work faster engineers John Smeaton and major infrastructure projects. on how the digital twin concept to adopt new technologies and James Watt and their innovative He spoke at the joint Summer can drive more value from data innovations under the ICE’s work on the Newcomen Reception for the All-Party and maximise infrastructure new Digital Twinfrastructure steam engine. The event is Parliamentary Groups (APPG) performance. The programme programme. Speakers are sponsored by consultant Tony on Infrastructure and Women provides career support and from Transport for London, Gee and will use previously in Transport at the ICE’s resources for members and Network Rail and the Quinton unpublished historical letters headquarters last month. APPG other infrastructure professionals. Rail Technology Centre. They and engineering hindsight to Infrastructure chair Vicky The ICE wants to showcase will discuss research activity at explore the factors influencing Ford MP, and APPG Women in insights or project reports within UK Rail Research & Innovation successful innovation – then Transport chair Ruth Cadbury the context of digital twins, Network’s Centres of Excellence; and now. The event takes place MP also attended.The reception data management and smart and look at how infrastructure on 23 July at One Great George was an opportunity for MPs and infrastructure. Contributors providers are adopting this Street and will also be available infrastructure and transport should contact the team at dt@ research. Visit www.ice.org. to watch online. For more leaders to discuss some of the ice.org.uk. To find out more, visit uk/events/james-forrest- information, visit www.ice.org. wider issues in their sectors. www.ice.org.uk/digital. lecture-2019 to book. uk/events/smeaton-lecture-2019

68 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 INTERNATIONAL VIEW A NEW APPROACH TO GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT

The highlight of ICE The exploratory target 200 was the Global Engineering Congress of 50:50 UK and (GEC) held last October, improve health and well-being which attracted international membership set at of the population and protect thousands of attendees communities from the effects from over 80 countries, the Annual Strategy Meeting in of extreme weather and Mak alongside 18 government 2012 is indeed only aspirational climate change. Chai-kwong delegations. “We cannot continue to To move the GEC “ dismiss from the conversation outcome from agenda would involve activities and measures to support these important benefits.” to action, the ICE has policy and thought leadership, build the regional The report is available in the agreed to coordinate with other global institutions membership structure and sector knowledge, Policy Archive section of the to develop a continuous programme of activities. and engage and reinforce the work of the local ICE’s website. We must now articulate how we deliver the committees. influence function internationally, which will allow In this way, the combination of recruitment and ICE to lead the global infrastructure debate. retention activity, knowledge products and events, Looking at the ICE’s global presence, the thought leadership and public voice activity will international membership is a good indicator. Since more effectively provide the influence function. PASS LISTS, BYLAW 15 2010, our international membership has stood It is also worth noting that 54% of international As New Civil Engineer is now steadily at 25% of total membership. This has members are students and graduates. This is published monthly, the names meant that the exploratory target of 50:50 UK and significant as they are the new blood of the of candidates recently awarded a international membership set at the Annual Strategy Institution, making knowledge transfer, training and professional qualification with ICE Meeting in 2012 is indeed only aspirational. development so much more important. will only be published online at The international committee has spent the past We have identified 12 “critical markets” among www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/ nine months deliberating on a new approach to the 79 regions/countries that the ICE serves icenews. They will no longer be international engagement. Previously, the focus currently. These markets host 60% of the overall published in the print edition. has been on the membership offer. While this ICE international membership, 75% of the paying has allowed the international regions and staff to membership and 68% of student members on The pass lists will also be published restructure and to engage with members, we have accredited programmes. We will proactively on ICE’s website, along with the tried to be all things to all people. This has not engage members and representatives in these names of all candidates applying taken into account the different needs of different regions and will monitor the performance of these for professionally qualified regions and their varying stages of development. and other international markets, updating the membership (Bylaw 15). Both As a learned society, knowledge and qualifications critical markets list as needed. can be viewed at www.ice.org.uk/ are the two pillars of the ICE. Though not mutually The new engagement approach was accepted by bylaw15 under “newest qualified exclusive, the focus and strategies in dealing with the Trustee Board and was reported to the Council member”. Lists will remain on the these two aspects differ from place to place. respectively in November and December last year. site for 28 days. To view lists on Accepting that there is no “one size fits all”, we The international team is working now with the New Civil Engineer website, have determined that a more focused approach ICE’s membership and knowledge teams to further visit www.newcivilengineer.com/ should be adopted – one that would shift to a develop the international engagement strategy. l latest/icenews measured, holistic and sustainable approach. This Mak Chai-kwong is ICE vice president, international

JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 69 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

TECHNOLOGY VIEW New Civil Engineer 4th Floor, Telephone House 69-77 Paul Street, London EC2A 4NQ

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EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD TECHNICAL PROGRESS Rachel Skinner (chair), Bill Grose, Alan Clucas, Andrew Mylius, Martin Knights, Mike Napier, Miles Ashley, Rob Naybour, Tim Chapman, Tony Gates, Zakiyya Adam, Aimi Elias, John Dillon, David Caiden, Fay Bull, Stephen Wells, Simon Creer As a leading contractor dedicated Inevitably, with Magazine of the to the application of Institution of Civil Engineers 1 Great George Street, London SW1P 3AA digital construction more data 020 7222 7722 | www.ice.org.uk workfl ows, we pride ourselves on our comes more knowledge ICE MEMBERS’ ADDRESS forward-thinking CHANGES/ SUBSCRIPTIONS Melanie approach. QUERIES Dawson Across the Graham Fundamentally, understanding the signifi cance www.ice.org.uk/myice to update your business, we have of collecting and collating more project data is a address quickly online. For subscription invested heavily “key factor in the success of the asset. queries, please phone 020 7665 2227, or email [email protected] in digital tools and, in support of our civil Across our civil engineering portfolio, we have engineering teams, the implementation of consistently delivered time savings between 10% SUBSCRIPTIONS virtual and augmented reality, drones and laser and 30% through the effective data collection For subscription queries contact; dsb.net Ltd, 3 Queensbridge, scanners has signifi cantly enhanced the delivery provided by the digital tool – BIM 360 Field. Northampton NN4 7BF of our projects across the UK and Ireland. Equally, digital technology has also enhanced Telephone: 01604 828 705 The construction industry is undergoing rapid our client engagement. All rights reserved © 2019 New Civil change, and Building Information Modelling As an example, during the construction Engineer. Published by EMAP a member (BIM) is at the heart of this transition. of Portrush Train Station, in anticipation of of the Metropolis Group. Metropolis At Graham, BIM is our process driver and The Open golf tournament in July 2019, the Group respects the privacy of every it inspires us to keep adapting for the future. introduction of virtual reality allowed us to person for whom we have personal The benefi ts of incorporating digital tools into demonstrate to the client, stakeholders and data. We comply with data protection our workfl ows are substantial, which only local community a true-life visualisation of legislation such as the Data Protection strengthens our “digital by default” philosophy. the completed station. This assuaged any Act 1998 and the General Data At the time of writing, I am preparing to take community concerns and provided a true sense Protection Regulations which regulates part in an ICE-hosted panel discussion at Digital of spatial awareness. the processing of data and ensures DNA 2019 on 19 June in Belfast. The conference, Furthermore, the vast amount of on-site data that your data is processed fairly and which brings together companies from the tech collected was transferred and analysed centrally, lawfully, is kept secure and only that data and digital sectors, provides the ICE with the which ensured more accurate decision-making necessary for any processing is kept. You can see our privacy policy at www. opportunity to expand its engagement beyond and effi cient project management. metropolis.co.uk/privacy the traditional construction sector. Inevitably, with more data comes more It’s imperative is that infrastructure knowledge. Printed by Precision Colour Printing Ltd, professionals collaborate with the tech sector to Personally, I believe this is just the beginning Telford. Registered as a newspaper with extract its intelligence and to take full advantage of the digital revolution. With the introduction the Post Offi ce ISSN 0307-7683; Issue of the opportunities offered by new technology. In of artifi cial intelligence and robotics, the No: 2075. Statements made or opinions turn, this will deliver better outcomes for society. possibilities for advancement and innovation in expressed in New Civil Engineer do Our panel session will concentrate on how civil engineering are phenomenal. not necessarily refl ect the views of ICE we can use built environment data to meet the Informed by meaningful data, we can future- Council or ICE committees needs of 21st century living. We will also discuss proof the life of assets and ultimately help to prototype concept solutions for better managing meet the evolving needs of modern society. digital information and exploring how the tech l Melanie Dawson is an ICE Fellow and director sector can help turn those concepts into reality. of digital construction at Graham

70 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Stuart Mustow BY MARK HANSFORD

Stuart Mustow 1928 -2019 Obituary

ast ICE president ing discovery of defective concrete in Stuart Mustow has bridge beams at St Chad’s Circus and died at the age of 90 eight other locations on the Birming- P after a short illness. A ham Inner Ring Road for which he British civil engineer is most known. In July 1978 Mustow who had a long association with recommended that responsibility for municipal engineering, Mustow is per- maintaining the road be taken from haps best known for his 12 year stint Birmingham City Council and given as county surveyor of the powerful to West Midlands County Council, West Midlands County Council. a measure approved by the Depart- He stumbled on engineering as a ment of the Environment and seen as career after a neighbour and friend, a loss of face for Birmingham Council. Phillip Newby, who worked in local After the abolition of West Mid- government, told him it was possible lands County Council Mustow retired to get engineering apprenticeships from local authority work to become with some local authorities including This included designing and a consulting engineer with Atkins. time at college. That advice led to project managing twin the new main In 1990 he was invited to become a him becoming an engineering learner terminal on a new site that provided succeeding vice president of the ICE, at Oldbury Borough. links to the and an invitation he described as entirely This ultimately resulted in a BSc the NEC exhibition centre. The termi- unexpected, but one that proved from Aston University and associate nal opened by the Queen in May 1984. to be the start of a very worthwhile membership of the ICE by age 27. The The project cost £60M and such was conclusion to much of his career. rest of his career was spent work- the relationship with the contractors He became ICE President in Novem- ing in local government, including that the final account was agreed just ber 1993 and sought to secure greater stretches as deputy borough engineer six months after completion. recognition of the role of the civil en- at Wolverhampton, city engineer at But it was Mustow’s actions follow- gineer in society. He also made chang- Stoke-on-Trent before becoming West es to the ICE’s annual report so that it Midlands County Council county sur- made reference to an annual survey veyor in 1974, a role he kept until the of the attitudes of its members. combined authority was abolished Mustow is Outside engineering he was a keen- by then prime minister Margaret ly religious man, as referenced by the Thatcher in 1986. perhaps best New Civil Engineer cover photograph The authority had sweeping picturing him and his wife Sigrid powers, running regional services known for his 12 outside a church. such as transport and emergency Together they ran the “S&S Mustow services from to Wolver- year stint as county Trust” between 1970 and 2017. It hampton as well as acting as funds educational, religious and pov- government agent for the M5 and M6 surveyor of West erty relief charities and individuals. motorways and owning and operating “ He is survived by Sigrid, three Midlands County the rapidly expanding Birmingham children Steve, Ruth and Paul, their Airport. Council partners and his seven grandchildren.

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JULY 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 73 Careers CONTACT TJ THEIVENDRAN 020 3953 2217 [email protected]

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74 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JULY 2019 Careers CONTACT TJ THEIVENDRAN 020 3953 2217 [email protected]

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