No. 810,933. w PATENTED JAN, 30, 1906. G, GOLDMAN, FABRIC CONTAINING HAIR00TH. APPLICATION FILED DE0. 4, 1903,

Sitties C2. fix 'clic & Kopsis Kittstie is UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. GUSTAV GOLDMAN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. FABRIC CONTAINING HAIRCLOTH. No. 810,933. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan. 30, 1906. Application filed December 4, 1903. Serial No. 183,823. body or matted mass of fibers on both sides To all whon it may concern: of the haircloth, the latter being preferably Beit known that I, GUSTAv GoLDMAN, of formed with large open meshes through Baltimore, Maryland, have invented a new which the fibers from-the opposite sides pro 60 and useful Fabric Containing Haircloth, ject and intermingle and are firmly united or which invention is fully set forth in the fol ound together in the manner hereinafter de lowing specification. scribed or in any other suitable way. It is Heretofore haircloth has been employed in not essential, however, that there should be a great variety of ways for stiffening gar a thick mass of the fibers on both sides of the ments and like uses, and while it has been haircloth, as such mass may be upon one side Id found more or less efficient for the purposes only with the ends of the fibers projectin for which it was used it is open to a number through the meshes of the cloth and unite of serious objections, among which may be or bound to each other and to the haircloth. mentioned its high cost, the liability of the While in most cases the fibers will project endsthrough of thethe garment, hair in theand thecloth necessity to protrude of re through the meshes of the haircloth, it is not I5. Sorting to bindings, tapes, &c., to hold the essential that this should be the case, as in elastic hairclothin the desired shape and the some instances and with some kinds of fibers skill requisite to apply these parts so as to the finished fabric is made without the fibers SeCUe E. desired or the best results. passing through the haircloth to any great 75 The object of the present invention is to extent. Any suitable method may be em E. a product which shall cost less than ployed to unite the fibers to each other and aircloth as now employed, be free from the to the haircloth. For example, a layer or objections incident to haircloth, and in addi filmhave of a fiberssheet ofin hairclotha loose fluffy laid conditionthereon and may a tion shall possess certain desirable qualities second layer of fibers in like loose fluffy con E. found in any haircloth now on the mar dition may then be laid over the haircloth. ket. and the fibers be then united to each other With these objects in view the invention and to the haircloth by any suitable binding consists in a fabric composed of a body of agent, as a sizing, or if the fibers are of a char fibers bound together in a coherent matted acter which will permit of a felting action they or felted mass with a sheet of haircloth in may be felted in the usual or any desiredway, corporated therewith. The haircloth em thereby forming a sheet of felt with the ployed may be one in which both the weft haircloth incorporated therein. One method and the warp are of hair, or one of these may which has been found to be effective consists be hair and the other of cotton or other suit in laying down a thin film of the desired fibers 35 able fiber, as desired, though the latter is pre in a light fluffy condition, as the same come ferred because of its greater cheapness. In from the doffer of a carding-machine, for ex fact, with this invention in the great major ample, and a binder of sizing or a resinate, as ity of cases the amount of hair entering into zinc resinate, in a dry finely-divided form is 95 the haircloth may be much less than what then dusted between and upon the fibers, has heretofore been employed in the cheap after which the sheet or layer of hairclothis est grades of such cloth, and as the hair is the laid upon the film of fibers and more of the expensive factor in the manufacture of hair binder is then dusted thereon. A second film cloth this saving in the amount of hair em of the fibers is then laid upon the haircloth Loo. ployed (which may be as great as fifty per and the dry finely-divided binder is dusted 45 cent.) reduces the cost of the fabric which is between and upon the fibers, thereof and the the subiect of the present invention much whole then treated so as to convert the dry below that of haircloth, while at the same finely-divided binding material into an active time E; a greatly superior fabric. binding agent, whereby the fibers are united to Io5 The matted or felted mass may be of animal, each other and to the haircloth, so that the So vegetable, or mineral fibers or mixtures of whole constitutes a matted mass of fibers ef these, and they are so disposed as to form a fectively bound together with the hairclothin sheet of the matted or felted fibers with the corporated therein. The particular proce haircloth incorporated therein, the whole be dure for converting the dry finely-divided d ing so united as to form a compact coherent binding material into an active binding agent 55 massare disposed or sheet. so Inas someto form instances a considerable the fibers will vary somewhat with the nature of the 80,988 binder employed. Thus if sizing is used as the bin described is not a layer of woven fabric with preferablyw ding in agent the form some of solvent, steam, is as introduced moisture a layer of loose fibers secured by sizing or oth and the whole is then preferably treated by erwise on one or both sides thereof, but is a s heat and pressure, as by subjecting the compact mass of fibers united as a whole and fibrous films with the haircloth therebetween having a layer of haircloth incorporated So to the action of heated rollers. A convenient thereinIn the or securedaccompanying thereto. drawings, which. . pressuremeans of consists supplying in placing the moisture, the mass heat, of fibers and illustrate the invention, are shown, in Fig O with the haircloth and the dry binding mate ure 1, a cross-section, and in Fig. 2 a plan, rial between moisture-carrying E. and of the two fibrous films with the haircloth then passing the whole between heated roll between them, the fibers being in the loose 55 ers. The heat of the rollers converts the fluffy condition before they have been treated moisture of the belts into steam, which pene to unite them into a matted or felted mass; trates, the fibrous mass, thereby supplying and Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the finished the moisture necessary as a solvent if sizing fabric with the matted mass on both sides or its equivalent be used or the fusing heat of the haircloth. Fig. 4 is a cross-section requisite to convert the resinate or equivalent, showing the mass of loose fluffy fibers on but if such be used, into an active binding agent. one side of the haircloth, and Fig. 5 is a When the sheet has issued from between the view of Fig. 4 after the same has been treated heated rollers, it will be found that the fibers to form the completed fabric. composing the two films or layers have been In said figures, 1 is the lower, and 2 the up united to each other and to the haircloth, so per, film or layer offibers, and 3 is the sheet of as to form a matted or felted mass with a haircloth between said films. In Figs. 4 and 25 sheet of haircloth incorporated therein. 5 the haircloth is laid upon the fibrous layer As indicated above, the two films of fibers 1 and the upper layer 2 is omitted. with the haircloth therebetween may be While processes of making the fabric here treated by the usual or any suitable felting in claimed have been described above, such process instead of pursuing the method first processes are not claimed in the present ap described. Thus Ry may be subjected to a plication, as they form the subject-matter of rubbing process in the presence of a suitable two other applications of even date herewith. binder, as a soluble soap, and then passing Having thus described the invention, what 75 through a fixing solution, as an alum solu is claimed is tion, after which the whole is again rubbed in Asheet of haircloth combined with a mass a flat form in the presence of heat and pres of matted or felted fibers some of which pro sure. This latter method can only be pur ject through themeshes of the cloth, and a sued when the fibrous mass is either in whole waterproof binder uniting the haircloth and or in part composed of animal fibers, since fibers together. Ygle le or mineral fibers alone will not In testimony whereof I have signed this 4o “felt.’ The binder which is employed in specification in the presence of two subscrib either of the processes mentioned serves also ing witnesses. as a stiffener, which will cause the completed GUSTAV GOLDMAN. befabric pressed. to retain any shape into which it may Witnesses: 45 ARTHUR LEE BROWNE, t will be observed that the fabric herein FRANCIs T. HoMER.