DOCSLIB.ORG

Durham E-Theses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses Perfectissimus: The Carthusians in England, c.1178-c.1220 GREEN, ROSALIND,CECILIA,GOLDIE How to cite: GREEN, ROSALIND,CECILIA,GOLDIE (2017) Perfectissimus: The Carthusians in England, c.1178-c.1220 , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12118/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Abstract Perfectissimus: the Carthusians in England, c.1178-c.1220 Rosalind Cecilia Goldie Green This thesis aims to demonstrate the significance of the charterhouse of Witham within the collective history of the Carthusian order in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. The importance of this house has been underestimated in modern scholarship and what follows addresses this imbalance. Although removed from the Carthusian heartland of the French Alps, the charterhouse of Witham was not a backwater or irrelevent house. A diverse range of sources concern this charterhouse and the Carthusians in England which form a significant proportion of the avaliable evidence for the entire order in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Utilising such sources, this thesis places Witham and the Carthusians in England at the heart of any examination of the Carthusian order in this period. The rich evidential vein offered by them allows an integrated exploration of what it meant to be a Carthusian in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Moreover, this thesis considers reception and interpretation of the order by contemporaries, both those internal and external to the order. In so doing, it argues that there was a greater diversity of opinion towards the order in this period than often assumed in modern scholarship and demonstrates that Witham had an impact upon contemporaries that was disproportionate to the small size of the community. To achieve this, this thesis considers historical narratives surrounding the foundation of Witham (Chapter One), the representation of Carthusians by outsider observers (Chapter Two), Carthusian hagiography through the Magna Vita of Saint Hugh of Lincoln (Chapter Three), and Carthusian theology with the De quadripertito exercitio cellae of Adam of Dryburgh (Chapter Four). 1 Perfectissimus: The Carthusian Order in England, c. 1178-c.1220 Rosalind Cecilia Goldie Green Submitted in requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Durham University 2016 2 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Title Page………………………………………………………………………………………2 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………........................5 Introduction: The Carthusians in England, c.1178-c.1220…………………….........................6 Chapter One: The foundation of Witham: tradition and evidence…….….……………….....33 Chapter Two: Satire, Polemic, and Apology: Responses to the Carthusians at Large and in England………………………………………………...………..............................................81 Chapter Three: Adam of Eynsham and Carthusian hagiography......……….........................132 Chapter Four: Adam of Dryburgh and the Carthusian experience......………………..…….193 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..…259 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………….......270 3 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the author’s prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. 4 Acknowledgements First, I want to thank my PhD supervisor, Dr Giles Gasper, who has provided me with indispensable guidance and encouragement throughout the completion of my thesis. I also want to express my gratitude to everyone at Durham University’s History Department and the Institute of Medieval and Early Modern Studies for their help during my entire time at Durham. I also need to thank my friends and family, who have been with me every step of the way, and Neil Allard for his constant patience and unconditional support. 5 The Carthusians in England, c.1178-c.1220 The charterhouse of Witham stood as the sole representative of Carthusian monasticism in England for almost fifty years. It was established by Henry II in either 1178 or 1179 at a vill of the same name near Frome in Somerset as a daughter-house of the Grande Chartreuse, the mother-house of the Carthusian Order that stands to this day in the Alps near Grenoble.1 This foundation was not replicated until the establishment of the charterhouse of Hinton, also in Somerset, by Henry’s bastard son William Longespee in 1222.2 Although Witham was removed from the Carthusian heartland in the south-east of modern-day France, geographical location was no barrier to its importance for the collective history of the Carthusians.3 That this importance has been underestimated in modern scholarship is demonstrable. The primary purpose and argument of what follows is to redress that imbalance and to place Witham, and the Carthusians in England, their life, works, and how others perceived them, at the heart of any examination of the Carthusian order of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. This study does not, however, present an argument for English exceptionalism or offer an insular consideration of any particular ‘English’ Carthusian identity. Instead, a consideration of the Carthusian order in England opens up fresh insights into the order as a whole in this period. 1 Little is known about the vill of Witham prior to the foundation of the charterhouse. Thompson identified it as having been granted by William I to two men: Roger de Corcelle and Turstin Fitzrolf. E. M. Thompson, A History of The Somerset Carthusians (London, 1895), p. 6. Bishop Thomas Tanner suggested that there had been a nunnery at Witham as well but the history of Witham only comes to light during the reign of Henry II. Thomas Tanner, Notitia Monastica (London, 1694), p. 470. 2 Although not the focus of the present study, there are a number of studies concerning the charterhouse of Hinton. For an overview, see G. Coppack and M. Aston, Christ’s Poor Men (Stroud, 2002), pp. 30-32. Also see P. C. Fletcher, ‘Recent excavations at Hinton Priory’, Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, 96 (1951), pp. 160-165; P. C. Fletcher, ‘Further excavations at Hinton Priory’, Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, 103 (1958-1959), pp. 76-80; and J. Hogg’s monograph-length study, The Architecture of Hinton Charterhouse, Analecta Cartusiana, 25 (Salzburg, 1975), 3 The majority of Carthusian houses were founded in what is now south-eastern France. See Coppack and Aston, Christ’s Poor Men, pp. 17-20 for an overview of early Carthusian expansion and distribution. 6 A diverse range of sources, primarily textual, surround the house which, by their survival, form a significant proportion of the available evidence for the entire order in this period. Approximately one third of Carthusian sources of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries are ‘English’, defined within the present study as being produced in England, written by English authors, or taking England as their subject. The only charterhouse that can rival this textual corpus from this era is the Grande Chartreuse itself. The textual sources that come from this house are more substantial in the first three-quarters of the twelfth century and are virtually non-existent after the writing career of Guigo II (d. 1188) until the middle of the thirteenth century. For the period between c.1180 and c.1250, English works dominate and are an unmatched and indispensable body of evidence without which any understanding of the Carthusian order of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries is greatly diminished. An overview of textual evidence for the Carthusians shows how English sources supplement and expand the range of material available. The body of non-English material concerning the Carthusians comprises a limited but rich range of sources of which three broad genres can be identified: historical and biographical, legislative and institutional, and literary. The evidence for the early history of the order is particularly sparse and is non-contemporary.4 The Grande Chartreuse was founded in the French Alps by Bruno of Cologne (c.1030-1101), a former canon of Rheims, in 1084.5 Bruno himself did not leave any writings from his time as prior and played no substantial part in the early constitution of the construction of the order. He departed from the community soon 4 As André Wilmart stated, ‘L’histoire des Chartreux est pauvre en récits originaux dont l’authenticité soit certaine, notamment pour la premierè période’, A. Wilmart, ‘La chronique des premiers chartreux’, Revue Mabillon, 61 (1926), p. 77. 5 For a fuller biography of Bruno of Cologne, see J. Hogg, ‘The Carthusians: history and heritage’, in K. Pansters ed., The Carthusians in the Low Countries: studies in monastic history
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ASPECTS of Tile MONASTIC PATRONAGE of Tile ENGLISH
    ASPECTS OF TIlE MONASTIC PATRONAGE OF TIlE ENGLISH AND FRENCH ROYAL HOUSES, c. 1130-1270 by Elizabeth M. Hallani VC i% % Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in History presented at the University of London. 1976. / •1 ii SUMMARY This study takes as its theme the relationship of the English and French kings and the religious orders, £.1130-1270, Patronage in general is a field relatively neglected in the rich literature on the monastic life, and royal patronage has never before been traced over a broad period for both France and England. The chief concern here is with royal favour shown towards the various orders of monks and friars, in the foundations and donations made by the kings. This is put in the context of monastic patronage set in a wider field, and of the charters and pensions which are part of its formaL expression. The monastic foundations and the general pattern of royal donations to different orders are discussed in some detail in the core of the work; the material is divided roughly according to the reigns of the kings. Evidence from chronicles and the physical remains of buildings is drawn upon as well as collections of charters and royal financial documents. The personalities and attitudes of the monarchs towards the religious hierarchy, the way in which monastic patronage reflects their political interests, and the contrasts between English and French patterns of patronage are all analysed, and the development of the royal monastic mausoleum in Western Europe is discussed as a special case of monastic patronage. A comparison is attempted of royal and non-royal foundations based on a statistical analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • AC-Overzicht
    Die Kartause Buxheim (Photo: Juan Mayo Escudero) Kartäuserleben in der Reichskartause Buxheim 1402-1812 Observanz und Bibliothek von James Hogg A Medieval Bestseller in Translation: Ludolph of Saxony's Vita Christi by James Hogg Petrarch's Humanist Writing and Carthusian Monasticism: The Secret Language of the Se"zf, Medieval Churclt History Studies 26 by Demetrio S. Yocum (reviewed by James Hogg) Tombel de Chartrose, critica! edition by Audrey Sulpice, s : lassiques Français du Moyen Age 173 (reviewed by James Hogg) Kartause Buxheim (Photo: Juan Mayo Escudéro) 116 Catalogue of the Analecta Cartusiana 1970-2014 1 ·- .... :312 j .RG-Antw. 'ZJ\ /-6 1.__ ) L.., , y ANALECTA CARTUSIANA EDITORS: James Hogg, Sylvain Excoffon, Alain Girard, Daniel Le Blévec 312 Kartäuserleben in der Reichskartause Buxheim 1402-1812 Observanz und Bibliothek von James Hogg Die Kartause Buxheim (Photo Juan Mayo Escudero) A Medieval Bestseller in Translation: Ludolph of Saxony's Vita Christi by James Hogg Petrarch's Humanist Writing and Cartliusian Monasticism: The Secret Language of the Self, Medieval Churclt History Studies 26 by Demetrio S. Yocum (reviewed by James Hogg) Tombel de Chartrose, critica! edition by Audrey Sulpice, Classiques Français du M oyen Age 173 (reviewed by James Hogg) Catalogue of the Analecta Cartusiana 1970-2014 2015 FB ANGLISTIK UND AMERIKANISTIK UNIVERSITÄT SALZBURG, UNIPARK ERZABT KLOTZSTRASSE 1 A-5020 SALZBURG AUSTRIA Kartause Buxheim: Chorgestühl (Photo: Juan Mayo Escudero) 1111111111111111~11111~l1il11111I1]~1111111111111 ii iii Assistants to the Editors in Salzburg: Pierre-Aelred Henel & Andreas Schachermayr CONTENTS Kartäuserleben in der Reichskartause Buxheim 1402-1812 ISBN: 978-3-902895-65-3 Observanz und Bibliothek von James Hogg A Medieval Bestseller in Translation: Ludolph of Saxony's Vita Christi by James Hogg 36 Petrarch's Humanist Writing and Carthusian Monasticism: The Secret Language of the Self, Medieval Churcli History Studies 26 by Demetrio S.
    [Show full text]
  • Monasticism in Angevin England
    MONASTICISM IN ANGEVIN ENGLAND HELEN STEELE In 1164, King Henry II, now ten years into his the civil courts. Article three stated, “Clerks charged and reign, published the Constitutions of Clarendon. Henry accused of any matter […] shall come into his court to was attempting to clarify the laws of England that had been answer there to whatever it shall seem to the king's court left so uncertain after Stephen’s reign and the civil wars should be answered there […] if the clerk be convicted or that accompanied it1. The Constitutions included clauses confess, the church ought not to protect him further.”4 that made the relationships between laity and clergy the Henry might have expected his Archbishop of remit of King; he banned the church from Canterbury to support him and to sign the Constitutions. excommunicating his vassals without his consent; he Henry had appointed his good friend Thomas Becket to assumed control of the appointment of senior church that post after the latter had served him well as Lord officials and forbade clerics from traveling overseas Chancellor for the early part of his reign. During this without his permission.2 It was the third article that proved period, Becket had shown few signs of zealous allegiance most controversial. Traditionally, those in holy orders had to the Church, but when he was appointed Archbishop, “he been tried in ecclesiastic courts and exempt from civil on a sudden exhibited […] a change in his habit and action, but according to William of Newburgh, clerks manners”. Although all the other
    [Show full text]
  • Chartreuse Du Liget Benoît Fougeirol BENOÎT FOUGEIROL (1962) Est Photographe « LIVRE DES PLENTES » (2020) Et Artiste, Il Vit Et Travaille À Paris
    Chartreuse du Liget Benoît Fougeirol BENOÎT FOUGEIROL (1962) est photographe « LIVRE DES PLENTES » (2020) et artiste, il vit et travaille à Paris. Depuis plusieurs années, il arpente les territoires BENOÎT FOUGEIROL incertains de la périphérie dans une approche à la fois topographique et poétique. Exposition du 19 mai au 19 septembre 2021 à Il a ainsi publié en 2010 « Autour / Around » aux éditions vmcf puis en 2013 la Chartreuse du Liget. « Botanic » aux éditions Temple. Récemment son travail s’est concentré sur les zones urbaines dites #habiterlelieu « sensibles ». Il a entrepris un inventaire méthodique des lieux et des paysages que Commissariat artistique : Anne-Laure Chamboissier proposent ces territoires recouverts par des — www.champrojects.com clichés que leur réalité déborde ou récuse. Le projet (Zus) a été publié en 2017 sous Curieusement, personne ne s’est choqué de la forme d’un livre d’artiste aux éditions X l’invraisemblance qu’il y a à supposer que l’on Artist’s Books, et récompensé par le prix ait soudain élevé la première mauvaise herbe MAD ADAGP en 2018. Il enseigne à l’École venue au rang de motif artistique Européenne Supérieure d’Art de Bretagne, à Rennes. - Aloïs Riegl - Pour les moines Chartreux « habiter » « Habiter le lieu » signifiait d’abord s’approprier un territoire, le délimiter et le gérer pour qu’il devienne Réunis par Anne-Laure Chamboissier, leur espace de vie, capable d’apporter commissaire artistique, une dizaine l’isolement nécessaire pour se consacrer d’artistes, ont été invités à habiter des lieux* à la foi mais aussi de pouvoir répondre en Touraine du printemps à l’automne aux besoins de subsistance propres à un 2021 à la suite d’une résidence de création.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    NOTES Introduction 1. Eric J. Hobsbawm, Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1959). 2. Eric J. Hobsbawm, Bandits, rev. ed. (1961; New York: Pantheon, 1981), p. 23. 3. Ibid., p. 17. 4. Ibid., pp. 22–28. 5. Anton Blok, “The Peasant and the Brigand: Social Banditry Reconsidered,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 1:4 (1972), 494–503. See also Richard W. Slatta, ed., Bandidos: The Varieties of Latin American Banditry (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1987). 6. See the summary by Richard W. Slatta, “Eric J. Hobsbawm’s Social Bandit: A Critique and Revision,” A Contracorriente 1:2 (2004), 22–30. 7. Paul Kooistra, Criminals as Heroes: Structure, Power, and Identity (Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1989), p. 29. 8. See Steven Knight’s Robin Hood: A Complete Study of the English Outlaw (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994); and Robin Hood: A Mythic Biography (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003). 9. Mary Grace Duncan, Romantic Outlaws, Beloved Prisons: the Unconscious Meanings of Crime and Punishment (New York: New York University Press, 1996), p. 61. 10. Charles Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (London, 1841). 11. See, for instance, Kenneth Munden, “A Contribution to the Psychological Understanding of the Cowboy and His Myth,” American Imago Summer (1958), 103–48. 12. William Settle, for instance, makes the argument in the introduction to his Jesse James Was His Name (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1966). 13. Hobsbawm, Bandits, pp. 40–56. 14. Joseph Ritson, ed., Robin Hood: A Collection of all the Ancient Poems, Songs, and Ballads, now Extant Relative to that Celebrated English Outlaw, 2 vols (London: Egerton and Johnson, 1795; rpt.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08638-8 - The Clergy in the Medieval World: Secular Clerics, Their Families and Careers in North-Western Europe c.800–c.1200 Julia Barrow Excerpt More information 1 Introduction Opening remarks How did clerics build their careers in the western church in the Middle Ages? At what stage in their lives was the decision taken that they should enter the clergy, and who made this decision? Did they continue to maintain ties with their families, and if so, how? How were they trained for their roles in the Church? Attempting to answer these questions sheds light on central aspects of western European society: family networks, education, administration, pastoral care and ecclesiastical institutions. Unlike monks and nuns, however, whose career patterns and family background have attracted considerable attention,1 the clergy of the period from 800 to 1200 have suffered neglect, but unjustly so, on several counts: they were numerous, and their lives and activities were woven into those of the laity of the societies in which they lived. Moreover, though the majority had significance only as part of a larger whole, a sizeable minority were doers and thinkers, many at the forefront of the whole range of cultural developments. No history of Europe in the central Middle Ages could overlook the contributions of – to take a few examples – Gerbert of Aurillac, Peter Abelard, Stephen Langton or Robert Grosseteste, all of them the products of a clerical formation and education.2 At the highest level of the clergy, all bishops, most of whom had built up their ecclesiastical careers as secular clerics, had at least 1 For some idea of the range of literature on monks and nuns, see NCMH, II, 995–1002; III, 759–62; IV (2), 817–22; Thomas F.X.
    [Show full text]
  • Herefordshire News Sheet
    CONTENTS EDITORIAL ........................................................................................................................... 2 PROGRAMME – WINTER – JULY TO DECEMBER 1978 .................................................... 3 FIELD MEETING AT LONGTOWN AND CRASSWALL, 19TH MARCH, 1978 ....................... 4 THE GRANDMONTINE PRIORY OF ST MARY AT CRASWALL.......................................... 5 LONGTOWN CASTLE ........................................................................................................ 10 IN SEARCH OF ST ETHELBERT’S WELL, HEREFORD .................................................... 14 NOTES ON MILLS FROM ESTATE LEDGERS .................................................................. 16 EXCAVATIONS AT THE COUNTY HOSPITAL, BURIAL GROUND OF ST GUTHLAC’S MONASTERY – MAY 1978 ................................................................................................. 16 EWYAS HAROLD ............................................................................................................... 17 FORGE GARAGE, WORMBRIDGE .................................................................................... 20 MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE ELECTED FOR 1978 ................................................... 23 ACTIVITIES OF OTHER SOCIETIES ................................................................................. 23 HAN 35 Page 1 HEREFORDSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS WOOLHOPE CLUB ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH SECTION No. 35 June 1978 EDITORIAL Many members will probably have seen photographs of
    [Show full text]
  • MA Dissertatio
    Durham E-Theses Northumberland at War BROAD, WILLIAM,ERNEST How to cite: BROAD, WILLIAM,ERNEST (2016) Northumberland at War, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11494/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk ABSTRACT W.E.L. Broad: ‘Northumberland at War’. At the Battle of Towton in 1461 the Lancastrian forces of Henry VI were defeated by the Yorkist forces of Edward IV. However Henry VI, with his wife, son and a few knights, fled north and found sanctuary in Scotland, where, in exchange for the town of Berwick, the Scots granted them finance, housing and troops. Henry was therefore able to maintain a presence in Northumberland and his supporters were able to claim that he was in fact as well as in theory sovereign resident in Northumberland.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana Textile/Garment Industry- an Endangered Economic Subsector
    . tMiviiu u/ cr Ct&M* a Q j SCHOOL OF ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF GHANA LEGON GHANA TEXTILE/GARMENT INDUSTRY- AN ENDANGERED ECONOMIC SUBSECTOR DR. /M O . Mensah 1 SCHOOL OF ADMINISTRATION (UNIVERSITY OF GHANA) THE MANAGEMENT MONOGRAPH SERIES GENERAL EDITOR: STEPHEN A. NKRUMAH The School of Administration Management Monograph Series is a publication devoted to research reports too short to come out in book form and yet too long for a journal article. It is a refereed publication with interest in issues relating to both basic and applied research in Management and Administration. All correspondence should be addressed to: The General Editor The Management Monograph Series School of Administration University of Ghana Legon Tel: (021) 500591 Fax: (021) 500024 E-mail: [email protected] /JW GHANA TEXTILE/GARMENT INDUSTRY - AN ENDANGERED ECONOMIC SUBSECTOR o v ITUCHff iJd&A&V A.H.O. MENSAH AFRAM PUBLICATIONS (GHANA) LIMITED IDS 029005 Published for School of Administration, University of Ghana, Legon Published by Afram Publications (Ghana) Limited, P.O. Box M 18 Accra E-mail: [email protected] © S O A All rights reserved. Except for use in any review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in whole or part in any form by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system, is forbidden without the prior permission of the publishers, Afram Publications (Ghana) Limited. First Published: 1998 ISSN: 0855-3645-3 ABSTRACT For nearly three decades now, Ghana’s textile/garment industry has suffered a steep decline - a decline so steep and so rapid that if not arrested, can cause the industry to move to total extinction within the next decade or two.
    [Show full text]
  • The Clergy in the Medieval World: Secular Clerics, Their Families and Careers in North-Western Europe C.800–C.1200 Julia Barrow Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08638-8 - The Clergy in the Medieval World: Secular Clerics, Their Families and Careers in North-Western Europe c.800–c.1200 Julia Barrow Index More information Index Aachen Adela, countess of Blois, 247, 258 collegiate church of Saint Mary (imperial Adelard, monk of Saint Peter’s, Ghent, 141 chapel), 121, 238, 274, 302 Adelard, scholasticus of Holy Cross, councils of, 38 Waltham, 89, 277 Councils of (816–17), 165 Admonitio Generalis,79 Rule of. See Institutio canonicorum adolescence, 28, 58, 61, 63–4 abacus, 221 adolescentia, 41, 53, 63 Abbo, bishop of Soissons, 58 adolescents, 44, 54, 121, 144, 161, 166, Abelard, Peter, 1, 14, 65, 116, 122, 126, 184, 236 147, 154, 171, 194, 201, 215–16, Adolf, bishop of Osnabrück, 154 222, 281 Adrian IV, pope, 137, 204, 339 Historia Calamitatum of, 14, 171 adulthood, 5, 27–8, 40, 66, 118–19, 200, Abergavenny, Master Peter of, canon of 347 Hereford, 199 adults, 9, 39–40, 70, 118–19, 198, 236, absenteeism, 12, 111, 271, 292, 309, 348 344 abstinence, sexual, 29–30 advocates, 152 acolytes, 35–9, 41–2, 44–5, 47–8, 67, advowson, 18, 22, 298, 327 69, 346 Ælberht, archbishop of York, 54, 166 Acts of the Apostles, 37, 78–9, 98, 100 Ælfheah, bishop of Winchester, 58, 60, 141 Adalbero, archbishop of Rheims, 91, 124, Ælfheah, brother of Ælfhere, 140 128 Ælfheah, priest of Plympton, 143 Adalbero I, bishop of Metz, 91, 124 Ælfhere, ealdorman of Mercia, 140 Adalbero II, bishop of Metz, 124 Ælfric, abbot of Eynsham, 87, 224–5, 342 Adalbero, bishop of Verdun, 124 Ælfric Bata, 218
    [Show full text]
  • Clan RIDDELL
    Clan RIDDELL ARMS Argent, a chevron Gules between three ears of rye, skipped and bladed Proper CREST A demi greyhound Proper MOTTO I hope to share SUPPORTERS Two greyhounds Argent collared Gules One theory for the origin of this name suggests that a family from Gascony may have come to Scotland via Ryedale in Yorkshire. It is much more likely, however, that the name is of Norman origin. Gervase Ridale was a witness to a charter of David I in 1116, and his son, Walter, received a charter of the lands of Lillesleaf in Roxburghshire. One of his nephews was hostage for William the Lion who had been taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Alnwick in 1174. Riddells also acquired Swinburn in Northumberland. The lands were subsequently erected into a barony of Riddell. Sir William Riddell of Riddell swore fealty to Edward I of England for his lands in the Ragman Roll in 1296. Sir John Riddel was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia on 14 May 1628, and his lands were erected into the barony and regality of New Riddell. Sir John’s third son of the second Baronet, was a minister of the reformed church in Edinburgh who was persecuted and imprisoned because he would not renounce his Covenanter beliefs; unlike many others, however, he escaped with his life. Sir John Buchanan Riddell, MP for Selkirk, married in 1805 the eldest daughter of the Earl of Romney. His successors in the title still live in the Borders, although in that part now claimed by England.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Men's Wear Works by Mr Baker
    LIBRARY v A Dictionary of Men's Wear Works by Mr Baker A Dictionary of Men's Wear (This present book) Cloth $2.50, Half Morocco $3.50 A Dictionary of Engraving A handy manual for those who buy or print pictures and printing plates made by the modern processes. Small, handy volume, uncut, illustrated, decorated boards, 75c A Dictionary of Advertising In preparation A Dictionary of Men's Wear Embracing all the terms (so far as could be gathered) used in the men's wear trades expressiv of raw and =; finisht products and of various stages and items of production; selling terms; trade and popular slang and cant terms; and many other things curious, pertinent and impertinent; with an appendix con- taining sundry useful tables; the uniforms of "ancient and honorable" independent military companies of the U. S.; charts of correct dress, livery, and so forth. By William Henry Baker Author of "A Dictionary of Engraving" "A good dictionary is truly very interesting reading in spite of the man who declared that such an one changed the subject too often." —S William Beck CLEVELAND WILLIAM HENRY BAKER 1908 Copyright 1908 By William Henry Baker Cleveland O LIBRARY of CONGRESS Two Copies NOV 24 I SOB Copyright tntry _ OL^SS^tfU XXc, No. Press of The Britton Printing Co Cleveland tf- ?^ Dedication Conforming to custom this unconventional book is Dedicated to those most likely to be benefitted, i. e., to The 15000 or so Retail Clothiers The 15000 or so Custom Tailors The 1200 or so Clothing Manufacturers The 5000 or so Woolen and Cotton Mills The 22000
    [Show full text]