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The Old English Lives of St Martin of Tours

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The Old English Lives of St Martin of Tours t Martin of Tours is one of Christianity’s major saints and his signifi cance Andre Mertens reaches far beyond the powerful radiance of his iconic act of charity. While theS saint and his cult have been researched comprehensively in Germany and France, his cult in the British Isles proves to be fairly unexplored. Andre The Old English Lives Mertens closes this gap for Anglo-Saxon England by editing all the age’s surviving texts on the saint, including a commentary and translations. of St Martin of Tours Moreover, Mertens looks beyond the horizon of the surviving body of literary relics and dedicates an introductory study to an analysis of the saint’s cult Edition and Study in Anglo-Saxon England and his signifi cance for Anglo-Saxon culture. Andre Mertens The Old English Lives of St Martin Tours Andre Mertens The Old English Lives ISBN: 978-3-86395-313-3 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen Andre Mertens The Old English Lives of St Martin of Tours This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2017 Andre Mertens The Old English Lives of St Martin of Tours Edition and Study Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2017 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Address of the Author Andre Mertens Email: [email protected] This work is protected by German Intellectual Property Right Law. It is also available as an Open Access version through the publisher’s homepage and the Göttingen University Catalogue (GUK) at the Göttingen State and University Library (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de). The license terms of the online version apply. Set and layout: Andre Mertens Cover design: Margo Bargheer Cover picture: St Martin’s Dream in the “Fuldaer Sakramentar” (SUB Göttingen, 2 Cod. Ms. theol. 231 Cim., fol. 113 r), including the oldest surviving depiction of the Charity of St Martin (c. 975 AD); printed with kind permission of the Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen. © 2017 Universitätsverlag Göttingen https://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-86395-313-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17875/gup2017-1033 St Martin’s Dream in the “Fuldaer Sakramentar” (SUB Göttingen, 2 Cod. Ms. theol. 231 Cim., fol. 113 r), including the oldest surviving depiction of the Charity of St Martin (c. 975 AD); printed with kind permission of the Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen. Meinen Eltern Contents Manuscript Sigla ix List of Abbreviations xi Acknowledgments xvii I Introduction 1 1 St Martin of Tours and His Cult on the Continent 5 The Historical Martin . 5 Sulpicius Severus and His Works on St Martin . 14 TheAuthor.................................. 14 The Vita Martini ............................... 16 The Epistulae .................................. 25 The Dialogii .................................. 28 The Cult of St Martin and Its Development on the Continent . 31 Textual Culture . 43 Martiniana . 43 Paulinus of Périgueux’s De Uita Sancti Martini Episcopi Libri VI ......................... 43 Gregory of Tours’ Martiniana . 46 Venantius Fortunatus’ Verse Epic . 48 Alcuin of York’s Martiniana . 50 Alcuin’s Creation of the Martinellus . 51 Outlook: Development of the Cult and the Textual Culture after the Martinellus . 52 vi CONTENTS 2 The Cult in Anglo-Saxon England 57 Proem: The Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England . 58 Churches, Calendars and Folk Tradition . 60 Textual Culture . 64 Anglo-Latin Martinelli and Martiniana . 64 Overview............................... 64 Anglo-Latin Martinelli ...................... 65 The Cotton Corpus Legendary . 67 Other Anglo-Latin Martiniana . 70 St Martin in Old English Non-Martiniana . 74 Outlook: Development of the Cult in England . 85 3 Old English Martiniana 89 Overview....................................... 89 St Martin in the Old English Martyrology . 90 MS A: London, British Library, Cotton Julius A.x . 91 MS B: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 196 . 92 The Anonymous Old English Homily for Martinmas . 93 MS C: The Vercelli Book .......................... 95 MS D: The Blickling Manuscript ..................... 99 MS E: Oxford, Bodleian Library, Junius 86 . 102 Ælfric of Eynsham’s Old English Martiniana . 104 TheAuthorandHisWorks........................ 104 Ælfric’s Catholic Homilies .................... 109 Ælfric’s Lives of Saints ...................... 111 Ælfric’s Verse . 115 Ælfric’s Catholic Homily for Martinmas . 123 MS F: Cambridge, University Library, Gg. 3.28 . 126 MS G: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 198 . 126 MS H: London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius D.XVII 127 Ælfric’s Life of St Martin .......................... 127 MS J: London, British Library, Cotton Julius E.VII . 139 MS K: London, British Library, Cotton Caligula A.XIV 140 MS L: Oxford, Bodleain Library, Bodley 343 . 141 Concluding Remarks and Overviews . 144 CONTENTS vii II Editions of the Old English Martiniana 153 Editorial Policy 155 St Martin in the Old English Martyrology 169 Manuscripts . 169 Editorial Note . 169 Language . 170 TEXT with Translation, Sources and Comments . 171 The Anonymous Homily for Martinmas 175 Manuscripts . 175 Editorial Note . 175 Language . 176 TEXT with Translation, Sources and Comments . 179 Ælfric of Eynsham’s Catholic Homily for Martinmas 209 Manuscripts . 209 Editorial Note . 209 Language . 210 TEXT with Translation, Sources and Comments . 213 Ælfric of Eynsham’s Life of St Martin 261 Manuscripts . 261 Editorial Note . 261 Language . 261 TEXT with Translation, Sources and Comments . 265 General Commentary 391 III Appendices 399 Appendix I: Parallel Text Edition of the Anonymous Homily for Martin- mas from Manuscripts C, D and E . 401 Appendix II: Ælfric’s Life of St Martin inMSL ............... 432 Bibliography 451 Manuscript Sigla Siglum Manuscript1 Item (Short Titles)2 A London, British Library, MS Cot- Entry for St Martin in the Old ton Julius A. x., s. x/xi, Ker Cata- English Martyrology (Mart 2.1 logue no. 161, Gneuss Handlist 338 (Herzfeld-Kotzor) / B19.2.1) B Cambridge, Corpus Christi Col- Entry for St Martin in the Old lege MS 196, s. xi2,KerCatalogue English Martyrology (Mart 2.1 no. 47, Gneuss Handlist 62 (Herzfeld-Kotzor) / B19.2.1) C Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare, MS Anonymous Homily for Martin- CXVII, s. x2,KerCatalogue no. 394 mas (LS 17.2 (MartinVerc 18) / (item 20), Gneuss Handlist no. 941 B3.3.17.3) D Princeton, Princeton University Li- Anonymous Homily for Martin- brary, W. H. Scheide Collection MS mas (LS 17.1 (MartinMor) / 71, s. x/xi., Ker Catalogue no. 382 B3.3.17.2) (item 17), Gneuss Handlist no. 905 E Oxford, Bodleian Library, Junius Anonymous Homily for Martin- 86, s. xi med., Ker Catalogue no. mas 336 (item 8), Gneuss Handlist no. 642 1Entries include Ker’s Catalogue number and Gneuss’s Handlist number (cf. the list of abbrevia- tions). 2The short titles in brackets refer to the Dictionary of Old English (DOE, cf. list of abbreviations), and to the Cameron number as proposed in Frank, R. and Cameron, A.F., eds. (1973), A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English, Toronto. x THE OLD ENGLISH LIVES OF ST MARTIN OF TOURS F Cambridge, University Library, Ælfric’s Homily for Martinmas Gg. 3.28., s. x/xi, Ker Catalogue (ÆCHom II, 39.1 / B1.2.42) no. 15 (item 84), Gneuss Handlist no. 11 G Cambridge, Corpus Christi Col- Ælfric’s Homily for Martinmas lege 198, s. xi1,KerCatalogue no. (ÆCHom II, 39.1 / B1.2.42) 48 (item 56), Gneuss Handlist no. 64 H British Library, Cotton Vitellius D. Ælfric’s Homily for Martinmas XVII, s. xi med., Ker Catalogue no. (ÆCHom II, 39.1 / B1.2.42) 222 (item 17), Gneuss Handlist no. 406 J London, British Library, Cotton Ælfric’s Life of St Martin (ÆLS Julius E.VII, s. xi in., Ker Catalogue (Martin) / B1.3.30) no. 162 (item 42), Gneuss Handlist no. 339 K London, British Library, Cotton Ælfric’s Life of St Martin (ÆLS Caligula A.XIV, s. xi med., Ker (Martin) / B1.3.30) Catalogue no. 138 (item 1), Gneuss Handlist no. 310 L Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley Ælfric’s Life of St Martin (ÆLS 343, s. xii2,KerCatalogue no. 310 (Martin) / B1.3.30) (item 18) List of Abbreviations ASE Anglo-Saxon England (Journal) ASPR Krapp, G.P. and Dobbie, E.V.K., eds. (1931-42), The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 6 vols., New York. ASMMF Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile AVM Alcuini Vita Martini, ed. Migne, J.P. (1844-64), Pa- trologia Latina 101, Paris. BL British Library CCCM Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis (Turnhout) CCSL Corpus Christianorum Series Latina (Turnhout) CE Catholic Encyclopedia, ed. Herbermann, C.G. (1907- 12), The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, 15 vols., New York. CH I Clemoes, P.A.M., ed. (1997), Ælfric’s Catholic Homi- lies: The First Series, EETS s.s. 17, Oxford. CH II Godden, M., ed. (1979), Ælfric’s Catholic Homilies: The Second Series, EETS s.s. 5, Oxford. CSASE Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum DOE Dictionary of Old English, ed. A.C. Amos, S. Butler, A. Cameron, C. Franzen, A. diPaolo Healey, J. Holland, D. McDougall, I. McDougall, N. Porter, N. Speirs, and P. Thompson, eds. (1986-96), Dictionary of Old English, Toronto. DOEWC Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus,“http: //www.doe.utoronto.ca/pages/pub/ web-corpus.html”, ed. A. diPaolo Healey, J. Price Wilkin, and X. Xiang (2 Feb 2016). EEMF Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile xii THE OLD ENGLISH LIVES OF ST MARTIN OF TOURS EETS Early English Text Society —— o.s. original series —— s.s. supplementary series ES English Studies JEGP Journal of English and Germanic Philology GHF Gregorius Turonensis, Historia Francorum, ed. Krusch, B. and Levison, W. (1937-51), MGH, SRM 1.1. Gneuss HL Gneuss, H. (2001), Handlist of Manuscripts Written or Owned in England up to 1100, Temple, AZ; and Gneuss, H.
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