Yeshiva University, Cardozo School of Law LARC @ Cardozo Law

Pre-2019 Commencement Programs Graduation

6-10-2001 Twenty-Third Annual Commencement Exercises Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law

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YESHIVA UNIVERSITY

SUNDAY JUNE TENTH TWO THOUSAND ONE

AVERY FISHER HALL LINCOLN CENTER NEW YORK CITY

TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES

PROCESSIONAL COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS CONFERRING OF MASTER OF Herbert C. Dobrinsky, EdD Alan M. Dershowitz, LLB LAWS (LLM) DEGREES Vice President for University Affairs Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law CONFERRING OF JURIS DOCTOR (JD) Yeshiva University Harvard Law School DEGREES Herald President Lamm REMARKS Dean Verkuil PRESIDING Earle I. Mack, BS Morton Lowengrub, PhD Chairman, Board of Directors Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law Vice President for Academic Affairs STUDENT REMARKS Yeshiva University Scott Daniel McCoy Chief Marshal ALUMNI GREETINGS Class of 200 7 Norman Lamm, PhD Sarah Steiner, JD President Class of 7983 Yeshiva University HATIKVAH Cantor Heller NATIONAL ANTHEM AWARDS AND HONORS Dean Verkuil Cantor Ira W. Heller, PsyD RECESSIONAL The Jewish Center, New York City Stewart E. Sterk, JD Please remain seated until the Yeshiva College 1983 Senior Associate Dean Recessiona I is completed. Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology 1985 Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law

INVOCATION Michael Eytan Dubitsky Class of 200 7

WELCOME Paul R. Verkuil, JSD Dean Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law

Th is program contains a listing of candidates for degrees and honors during the period July 2000-June 2001, it is not an official roster of graduates. De91-'4ee Ca1-1didates

Maste r of Laws Master of Laws Da rian Boos Taylor as of September 28, 2000 as of June I 0, 200 I BA, Sarah Lawrence College JD, Vanderbilt University Abdon Lumacang De La Pena Sha keel Ahmad LLB, Far Eastern University /Philippines) BA, Peshawer University (Pakistan) Ga lia T.Theoph ilova LLB, Frontier College of Law LO, Sofia University Annita Lou ise Swait LO, Colatina School of Law (Brazil) Shirley Bar-Noy Ma rijke K. van Ekris LLB, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem BA, Haverford College LLB, City University, London Master of Laws Alba na Bo llati as ofJanuary 31, 2001 LO, University ofTirana (Albania) Hsiao-hsiang Wan BL, National Chung Hsing University Mohamed Abdelkhalik Stacey Cameron Chesse r {Taiwan) LLB, Police Academy-Cairo BA, Indiana University Nili Weitzman Andreas Karl Aschenbrenner JD, Syracuse University BA, LLB, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya STE, Ludwig Maximillian University Rom ilda Pia Crocamo (Israel) LO, University of Munich BA, MA, New York University JD, Yeshiva University Yoko Yamamoto Rouzbeh Ashayeri BA, University of Oregon BS, University of Michigan Deborah Drimmer LLB, Ritsumeikan University {Japan) JD, Yeshiva University BA, Brandeis University JD, Brooklyn Law School Ele na Baier BA,AII-Union Correspondence Institute David E. Foox of Law (Russia) LLB, Victoria University {New Zealand) Maria Alejandra Diaz Dina E. Galeyeva SCL, Central University (Venezuela) LO, Higher Law School Adi/et {Russia) LO, Universidad Catolica Andres-Bello Julie Herzog Joshua Adam Greenberg MAIT, Universite Pantheon-Assas, Paris BFA, New York University Junko Ishibashi JD, Yeshiva University BA, Waseda University {Japan) Jasper Hagenberg LLB, Chuo University {Japan) LO, Free University Berlin Anna Maria Jakobsson Hao-Chung Hou LLM, University of Lund LLB, Chinese Culture University Athina Ka raman lis Sandeep Kumar Lal MS, University of Athens BA, New York University JD, University ofAthens JD, Yeshiva University PhD, Columbia Pacific University Andrzej Mala rz Victor Kn app LO, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University BS,JD, St.John's University School of Law (Poland) Elina Koci Enrique Pena-Perez LO, University of Tirana JD, Central American University /Nicaragua) Anke Krueger Jesus Jesie Rocha Sanez LO, Free University of Berlin BA, University of the Philippines LLB, University of the East Philippines Amy Ruth LaMendola BM, Ohio State University Evelyn Vijaya luxmi Sylvester JD, University of Cincinnati LLM, University of Warwick LLB, University of Colombo Moran Levy LLB, Ramat-Gan College (Israel) Katarzyna Malgorzata Tychanska LO, UniversityofWroclaw James Anthony Lovensheimer BA, University of Virginia Susan Weerasinghe JD, University of Cincinnati LO, University of Fribourg Melan ie Mabel Meyer Stefa n Wieser LO, University of Cologne LO, University of Passau Christina Ostertag Sonja Sue Wi lcox-Berrie! LO, University Johannes Gutenberg BA, University of Detroit-Mercy {Germany) JD, Yeshiva University Michelle Mendes Purri LLB, Milton Campos University {Brazil) Ju liet Cuevas Tabanao-Galicinao BA, University of the Philippines LLB, San Beda College De9...-ee CaV\didates

3Parsons School of Design Louis Michael Perlman Melissa E. Rosenthal Edward Berkovitz Jaime A. Dowell BA, University of Strathclyde (Scotland) BA, University of Tennessee 85, New York University BA, Michigan State University MS, London University MA, CUNY-John Joy College Rina Bersohn James A. Drago Louis Paz Winner Karen Saab BA, Columbia University BA, San Diego Srote University BA, Indiana University BA, St.John's University Theresa M. Bevilacqua Michael Eytan Dubitsky MA, New School University BM, Syracuse University BA, MS, Yeshiva University 3Cooper Union Joseph S. Bonventre Jul ia P. Cheng BA, New York University Jillian P. Erdheim BA, Boston University Seth V. Al hadeff BA, Emory University BA, Colgate University Rob in M. Brooks-Rigolosi Barry S. Cohen BA, Son Francisco State University Sabrina V. Eshaghian BA, Clark University Catherine L. Alin BA, Barnard College BA, University of Washington Martina A. Brosnahan Agla ia Davis MS, London School of Economics BA, Barnard College BA, New York University Marc E. Al lan Abraham Esses BA, University of Texas Jennifer P. Brown Rosa Elfant BA, Yeshiva University BA, New York University BA, Hofstra University M. Maricela Alvarez Naftali Falda BA, Skidmore College Ke lley A. Burns Kevin M. Favreau BA, CUNY-Brooklyn College BA, Fordham University BA, Montclair State University Karen E. Antoine Reuven Falik BA, New York University David A. Case Katherine Nuqui Fernandez 85, Yeshiva University BA, Bord College BA, SUNY-Binghomton Jod i H. Appel-Kaplan Michael S. Farkas BA, University of Florido I-Chuang Chen Regina E. Foont 85, University of Virginia BA, Eastern Washington University BA, Columbia University Amy S.Arn MS,Fordham University Chloe E. Feinberg BA, University of Pennsylvania Jonathan E. Gross MBA, Seattle University BA, Tufts University BS, Touro College Mark H. Aronowitz Pame la Cheong Jenn ifer M. Feldman BA, University of Rhode Island Michael D. Heller BA, BS, California State University BA, University of Pennsylvania BA, New York University Lauren Z.Asher Helen Cohen Jody L. Feldman BA, Reed College Susan K. Hong BA, CUNY-Queens College BA, Tulane University BA, Wellesley College Laura A. Bailyn Tara P. Cook-Littman Barbara Fae Feldstein AB, Washington University Roza lia Jovanovic BA, Brandeis University BA, Boston College BA, University of Pennsylvania Li ndsay A. Baker John D. Coyle Marcus W. Ferguson BSJ, Ohio University Andrea Y. Kim BS, Rutgers University BA, University ofSouth Carolina BA, New York University Adekunle 0. Bankole Robert Kent Cox David Todd Feuerstein BA, CUNY-City College Susan J. Kohn BA, University of Missouri BA, Yale University BA, New York University Sara L. Barfield Phillip J. Daman Pame la D. Field BA, Tulane University Albert N. Lung BA, University of Michigan BA, New York University BA, New York University Rudolph Baron BSN, Columbia University J. Melissa H. Davis BA, Wayne State University Scott D. McCoy BA, University of Michigan Dana M. Fingerhut MA, Long Island University AB, William Jewell College BA, SUNY-Binghomton Robert B. Davis MA, George Washington University Brooke R. Bass BA, CUNY-City College Amnon A. Fisch BA, New York University Samuel M. Meirowitz BA, York University (Canada) Jennifer N. Deitch BA, SUNY-Albony Jonathan R. Bauer BA, George Washington University Jeffrey A. Fisher AB, Washington University Michel le M. Miciotto-Kostun BA, Long Island University Mel issa S. Devack Martin E. Beeler Aliya J. Nelson BA, Tufts University Ryon D. Fleming BA, University of Texas BA, Rutgers University BA, West Chester University of Pennsylvania Christophe L. DiFalco Karen P. Bekker Olga L. Nikish in BA, Amherst College Brennan J. Foley BA, Oberlin College BA, Reed College BA, New York University Carin M. Dorf Melissa N. Benes Meyer Orbach BA, SUNY-Binghamton Matthew P. Forman BBA,Adelphi University BA, CUNY-Queens College BA, Amherst College Degree CaV\didates

Kimat hi Foster Jacob Hirsch Peter A. Kempner Richa rd Maluga BS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology BA, University of Maryland BA, SUNY-Purchase BA,Fordham University Paulette S. Fox Jenn ifer K. Hirsh Jessica Y. Kim Lau ryn B. Manheim BA, Syracuse University BA, Brown University BA, SUNY-Binghamton BA, University of Wisconsin Aaron E. Fredrickson Alexandra Hochman Jung Nina R. Kim Sari Mann BA, St.John's College BA, University of Michigan BS, Columbia University BA, University of Wisconsin Chad B. Friedman Jessica A. Horani Wendy A. Kraus Neeli Berger Margolis BA, Yeshiva University BA, University of Nebraska BA, Wesleyan University BA, Rutgers University Beth R. From Steven J. Horowitz Tapitha B. Krezonis Stacy M. Markus BA, CUNY-Brooklyn College BA, Tufts University BA, University of San Diego BA, Cornell College Sara H. Gershuni Tania D. Horton Pery D. Krinsky Melissa M. Mathis BA, York University (Canada) BA, New York University BA, University of Maryland AB, Bard College Daniel Y. Gielch in sky Rachael A. Hughes Sharon B. Krista I Romina A. Matlis BS, Yeshiva University BS, Old Dominion University AB, Princeton University BA, CUNY-Brooklyn College Timothy M. Gladden David C. I Gaston Kroub Jul ia L. Mattson BA, CUNY-Hunter College BA, Brandeis University BA, New York University BA, Franklin and Marshall College Joanna H. Gold Joseph A. Inzerillo Joel Samuel Kruger Jordan L. Matusow BA, University of Wisconsin BS, St.John's University BA, Yeshiva University BA, University of Pennsylvania Noah C. Goldberg Sara Mojdeh Israeli Jacob T. Kubetz Peter James McHugh BA, Johns Hopkins University BA, Yeshiva University BA, University of New England BA, Rutgers University Abigail L. Goldenberg Michael I.Jackowitz Tamar E. La ndy Marc A. McKithen BM, Oberlin College BA, Tufts University BA, CUNY-Queens College BS, Rider University Stacey L. Goldston Alexandra B. Jacobs Richard M. Lan sky Yecheskel Menashe BA, New York University BA, Brown University BA, Duke University BA, UC-Berkeley Michael J. Gollender Mark S. Jaffe Jisoo Lee Jordan J. Messeri BA, Rutgers University BA, SUNY-Albany BA, Yonsei University BA, University of Wisconsin MBA, Columbia University Susana K. Gonzalez Rachel B. Jaffe Beatrice Mikh ly BA, University of Florida BA, Ithaca College Aaron D. Lefton BA, CUNY-Brooklyn College Jonathan S. Goodgold Laurie I. Jaffee Andrew D. Leftt Anne Mogilevich BA, SUNY-Binghamton BA, CUNY-Hunter College BA, CUNY-John Jay College BA, Brandeis University Adam J. Goodstei n Robert C. James Rajal S. Lele Da niel la Machnikoff Muller BA, SUNY-Albany BS, SU NY-Empire State College BA, Lehigh University BA, CUNY-Queens College Sheree R. Gootzeit Antonio Johnson Damon S. Levenstien Tara M. Muskus BA, SUNY-Binghamton BS, University of Pennsylvania BA, SUNY-Albany BA, New York University Daniel S. Gordon Ad ina R. Kadden Roger Leviton Teresa Muso li no BA, University of Rochester BA, Villa Julie College BA, New York University BA, New York University Naomi Gordon Gabriel D. Kader Michael C. Levy Uri M. Myerson BA, Yeshiva University BA, University of Southern California BA, SUNY-Albany BA, SUNY-Binghamton Alan Gotthelf Ilana Helen Kahan Justin M. Lichterman Jod i L. Nagel BA, CUNY-City College BA, Yeshiva University BS, University of Colorado BA, American University MA, Cornell University Russe ll R. Kaiser Lauren S. Littman Soo Kyung Nam Adam K. Gra nt BA, University of Washington BA, SUNY-Binghamton BA, Korea University-Seoul BA, Vanderbilt University BA, CUNY-Hunter College Laurel L. Ka llen Amy J. Li twin Joshua Hager BA, San Francisco State University BA, University of Wisconsin Mustapha L. Ndanusa MA, UC-Berkeley BA, CUNY-City College Daniel Haies Jennifer R. Loyd BA, CUNY-Queens College Sneha P. Kapadia BS, Cornell University Ni co le E. Nelson BA, University of Virginia AB, Dartmouth College John Hall MPA, New York University BA, CUNY-Queens College Diana Kaplan Alexander Lumelsky Brett Nizzo BA, SUNY-Binghamton BA, New York University BA, University of Maryland Jason E. Halper BA, Columbia University David A. Karp Thomas R. Lunde Gordon Z. Novod BA, University of Michigan BA, BS, University of Iowa BA, Emory University Shoshana Rivka Halstuch MBA, San Francisco State University BA, Yeshiva University Michelle Renee Katz Donniel Ogorek BA, Brandeis University Jonathan I. Lyons BA, CUNY-Queens College Kevin J. He ller AB, Washington University BA, Rutgers University Adam B. Kaufman Ephrat Sh ulkes Orgel BA, Brandeis University Angela Mak BS, Yeshiva University Antony A. Hilton BA, SUNY-Purchase BBA, George Washington University 3"'ris Doctor Katherine Richardson Dmitriy Sh leymovich Jodi S.Tesser as afJune 10, 2001 BA, University of Pennsylvania BA, New York University BA, Union College David A. Osso Dennis Rimkunas Victor Sigoura Stacey L.Toder BA, Rutgers University BA, Tule:ne University BA, CUNY-Queens College Jennifer E. Rodgers Mohammed A. Panjwani BA, Emory University Marc H. Simon Michael S.Topiel BA, University of Pennsylvania BA, Johns Hopkins University BS, New York University Michael H. Rogers Michelle Harel Papper BA, Columbia University Scott M. Sisun Lisa E.Tuntigian BA, University of Massachusetts-Amherst BA, MA, CUNY-Queens College BA, Brandeis University Matthew A. Rosen Michael J. Parrish BS, Indiana University David F. Sive lla Michael A.Turner BA, Rutgers University BA, Swarthmore College BA, Rutgers University Tova Rachel Rosenberg MA, Denver Conservative Baptist Seminary BA, Yeshiva University Richard J. Sl ivinski Irina Vaysfeld MA, University of Colorado BS, Rutgers University BA, University of Michigan Pa ul E. Ryan Stephanie B. Pearl BA, CUNY-Queens College Andrea B. Sluchan Michael P. Wald inger BA, University of Pennsylvania BA, Vassar College BA, University of Colorado Eric M. Saidel Marc S. Perlman BS, Cornell University Lonica L. Sm ith Vivian V. Walton AB, Bowdoin College BS, University of Utah BS, Fordham University Shai Samet Gertrude M. Pfaffenbach BA, Yeshiva University David A. Solomon Sa rah F. Warren BS, Wagner College BA, Emory University BA, Boston University MS, PhD, New York University Zachary J. Sanders BA, University of Oregon Edward V. Spark Aharon M. Weinstein Natalie Pishan idar BA, Vassar College BS, Yeshiva University BA, Barnard College Jaret SanPietro BA, CUNY-Brooklyn College Marit A. Spitzer Sarah A. Weisman Eric L. Polishook BA, UC-San Diego BA, Wellesley College Jocelyn L. Santo BA, Tufts University MA, University of Chicago BA, University of Michigan Alyson J. Sprafk in Vicky Portnov BA, University of Maryland Emi ly R. Wilansky Daniel le S. Sapse BA, New York University BA, University of Michigan BA, Barnard College Lloyd Steele Scott J. Posner BA, University ofToronto Carman Y. Wil liams Sima Saran BA, University of Pennsylvania MBA, York University (Canada) BA, CUNY-City College BA, Barnard College Neil L. Postrygacz Ari J. Stein Lilah D.Wilson Ari J. Sauer BA, SUNY-Binghamton BA, University of Maryland BA, St. John's University BS, Yeshiva University Simmi Prasad Marc A. Stein Jamie R. Wozman James A. Sch iff BA, University of Michigan BS, Cornell University BA, University of Wisconsin BA, Lafayette College Ju an C. Pucha Walter J. Storey Jane I. Yoon Kara B. Schissler BA, St. John's University BS, Georgetown University BA, SUNY-Geneseo BS, Cornell University MA, Pennsylvania State University Eric A. Radziminsky Ju lie C. Young Saria nne M. Schwartz BA, University of Michigan Frederick W. Strasser BS, Pennsylvania State University BA, Brandeis University BA, Rutgers University Kara L. Rappaport Robert Zanetti Jeremy A. Sears BA, University of Florida Michael L. Strauss BA, SUNY-Binghamton BA, University of Pennsylvania BA, Yeshiva University Daniel D. Regan Dawn C. Zegub Aaron G. Shafer BS, New York University Jaesan S. Subramaniam BS, University of Southern California BA, Michigan State University Rachel A. Rehaut BM, New York University Sonny S. Shalom BA, Rutgers University Margaret M. Sweeney BA, Rutgers University Jeffrey M. Reingold BA, SUNY-Buffalo Maged E. Sharabi BA, Tufts University Lara J. Taibi BA, New York University Russell M. Reiter BA, Lehigh University Jodi J. Sharp BA, Tufts University Kha lilah M.Taylor BA,McGill University Joshua T. Reitzas BA, Temple University Joel A. Shelton AB, Bowdoin College Octavia T. Taylor BA, Warren Wilson College Craig D. Ricci BA, University of Virginia BS, University of South Alabama .Awards aV1d t-loV\ors

CSL FACULTY AWARDS JACOB BURNS MEDALS HEYMAN SCHOLARS Karen Bekker Noah Charles Goldberg Felix Frankfurter Award Significant Contribution to a Law Laura Anne Bailyn Senior Editors Journal Martin Earl Beeler Melissa M. Mathis Michael Scott Farkas Neeli Berger Margolis Margaret Mary Sweeney Symposia Editor Louis D. Brandeis Award David Todd Feuerstein Cardozo Online Journal of Conflict Joseph Anthony Inzerillo Scott Jonathan Posner Resolution Jocelyn Laura Santo Melissa M. Mathis Production Editor Alyson Jill Sprafkin Jordan Lee Matusow Louis Henkin Award Dmitriy Shleymovich Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature Scott Jonathan Posner Internet Editor Andreas Karl Aschenbrenner Kara Blair Schissler Special Contribution to the David Todd Feuerstein Dr. Samuel Belkin Award Law School Adam Keith Grant Steven Horowitz Alan Gotthelf Adekunle Oladapo Bankole CLERKSHIPS J. Reuven Falik Dennis Rimkunas Best Note in a Cardozo Journal David Todd Feuerstein US Court of Appeals Michael Howard Rogers Kara Blair Schissler Albert Nian Lung Melissa M. Mathis Moot Court Achievement Julie C. Young Best Independent Supervised Writing US District Court Staff Members Best Oralist Joceyln Laura Santo Tova Rachel Rosenberg Mary F. Alestra Ag laia Davis Michael Scott Farkas US Bankruptcy Court Best Writing-Civil Advocacy Jonathan E. Gross Best Brief Pamela Cheong Michelle Monique Miciotto-Kostun Lisa E. Tuntigian Chad B. Friedman Robert C. James Abraham J. Safdie Best Writing-Criminal Advocacy Marc Allan Stein US Court of International Trade Members, National Moot Court Team Staff Members (1999-2000) Julia Louise Mattson Teresa Musolino Aglaia Davis Steven Eric Tanenbaum Christophe Leon DiFalco State Courts CARDOZO ARTS & Leadership Award Jason Elliot Halper David A. Case (Alaska) Jennifer Rebecca Loyd ENTERTAINMENT LAW JOURNAL Peter Alland Kempner Matthew Peter Forman (New York) Shoshana R. Halstuch (New Jersey) Third-Year Students Distinguished Achievement in a Moot John D. Appel Award Justin Myer Lichterman (Colorado) Sarah Freeling Warren Court Competition Scott Daniel McCoy (Utah) Editor-in-Chief Gordon Zachary Novod Alan Gotthelf Jodi Jensen Sharp (New Jersey) Paulette Suzanne Fox Monrad G. Paulsen Award Robert C. James Scott Michael Sisun (New Jersey) Managing Editor Jonathan Innes Lyons Stewart E. Sterk Gordon Zachary Novod Thomas Roy Lunde Executive Editor New York State Bar Association CARDOZO LAW REVIEW Law Student Legal Ethics Award Third-Year Students M. Maricela Alvarez ORDER OF THE BARRISTERS Michael J. Parrish Walter J. Storey Katherine Rose Richardson Acquisitions Editors Carin M. Dorf Editor-in-Chief Jonathan Weiss Award for Public Abiga il Lynne Goldenberg Melissa M. Mathis Jillian Paige Erdheim Interest Advocacy Naomi S. Gordon Executive Editor Craig David Ricci Alan Gotthelf Notes and Comments Editors Aaron Edward Fredrickson Albert N. Lung Robert C. James Managing Editor Sabrina Valerie Eshaghian Stanley H. Beckerman Public Jonathan Innes Lyons Laurel Lynn Kallen Martin Earl Beeler Interest Award Peter J. McHugh Production Editors Gordon Zachary Novod Daniel Steven Gordon Stacey L. Goldston Tania Danielle Horton Lisa E.Tuntigian Rachel Brooke Jaffe Victor Haim Sigoura Sima Saran The Honorable Archie A. Garfinkel Supervising Editors Symposia Editors Award ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Justin Myer Lichterman Lonica L. Smith Internet Editor Tara P Cook-Littman SCHOLARSHIPS Uri Matthew Myerson Natalie Pishanidar Theresa Marie Bevilacqua National Association of Women Adekunle Oladapo Bankole Jocelyn Laura Santo Senior Articles Editor Margaret Mary Sweeney Lawyers Outstanding Law Notes Editors Graduate Award Lisa E.Tuntigian Jennifer Nicole Deitch Jonathan Robert Bauer Daniel Jeremy Haies Alexandra Hochman Monroe E. Price Alumni Scholarship Scott Daniel McCoy Jodi Lynn Nagel Timothy M. Gladden Articles Editors Vivian Victoria Walton (Fall 2000) Michael Ian Jackowitz Emily R. Wilansky Lila Yagerman Alumni Scholarship Administrative Editor Articles Editors Roxanne De Francesco (Class of 2002) Awal"ds avd t-loV\ol"s

Joseph Salvatore Bonventre CARDOZO JOURNAL OF CARDOZO ONLINE JOURNAL OF MOOT COURT Adjunct Editor INTERNATIONAL AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION Third-Year Students Brooke Robyn Bass COMPARATIVE LAW Third-Year Students Gordon Zachary Novod David W.J. Canter Third-Year Students Susan Kyunga Hong (Fall 2000) Editor-in-Chief Chloe Elizabeth Feinberg John S. Ha ll Margaret Mary Sweeney Lisa E.Tuntigian Joshua Hager Editor-in-Chief Co-Editors-in-Chief Competitions Editor Gaston Kroub Ryon David Fleming Jordan J. Messeri Wendy Alison Ca in Kraus Peter J. McHugh Executive Editor Marc H. Simon Executive Editor Managing Editor Staff Members (1999-2000) Paul E. Ryan Robert Zanetti (Fall 2000) Abigail Lynne Goldenberg Managing Editor Managing Editor Executive Teams Editor Aaron Edward Fredrickson Robert C. James CARDOZO WOMEN'S Eri c Matthew Saidel Production Editor Senior Articles Editor Carin M. Dorf LAW JOURNAL Naomi S. Gordon Jennifer K. Hirsh Kelley Burns Third-Year Students Jonathan Innes Lyons Michael Steven Topiel Symposia Editor Katherine Rose Richardson Memorandum Editors Senior Articles Editors Tapitha Brande Krezonis Editor-in-Chief David Alexander Boag Stacy L. Eberhart Rajal Lele Pamela Cheong Jessica Yoochin Kim And rea Beth Sluchan Internet Editors Senior Managing Editor Tara P. Cook-Littman Notes & Comments Editors Jacob T. Kubetz Christophe Leon DiFalco Karen Saab Lauren Zoe Asher Senior Notes Editor Executive Editor Matthew P. Forman Mohammed Ali Panjwani Mel issa Suzanne Devack Alan Gotthelf Eric Paul Ebenstein Marc Samuel Perlman Kara Lauren Rappaport Jason Elliot Halper Articles Editor Jane lnyoung Yoon Rachel Anne Rehaut Jennifer Rebecca Loyd Justin Blackhal l Articles Editors Notes Editors Brett Jon Nizzo (1999-2000) Sheree Robyn Gootzeit Robe rt B. Davis Adekunle Oladapo Bankole Joshua T. Reitzas Susana Kristine Gonzalez Subscriptions Editor Angela Mak James Alexander Schiff Notes Editors Kevin J. Heller Mustapha Lakpene Ndanusa Jodi Jensen Sharp Michael Charles Levy Symposia Editor Articles Editors Editors Romina A Matlis Richard Joseph Slivinski Helen L. Cohen Mary F. Alestra Melissa Eve rett Rosenthal /nemet Editor Annotations Editor Aglaia Davis Managing Editors Susan Julia Kohn Kimathi Foster Amy Schulder Arn Scott Michael Sisun James Alan Drago Adam Jonathan Goodstein Melissa Halle Davis Staff Members Diana Kaplan Staff Members Richard M. Lansky Annotations Editors Staff Members (1999-2000) Nancy Abdelrahman Sara H. Gershuni Edward Berkovitz Phill ip Justin Daman David Adam Karp Symposia Editor Pamela Diane Field Damon Scott Levenstien Jisoo Lee Stacy Maria Markus Jordan Lee Matusow Staff Members (1999-2000) Julia Louise Mattson David Andre Osso Samuel Miles Meirowitz Shai Samet Octavia Trinette Taylor Jodi Shawn Tesser Staff Members (1999-2000) Stacey Loren Toder Staff Members (1999-2000) .Awal-'ds aV\d t-loV\ol-'s

SUMMA CUM LAUDE CUM LAUDE ORDER OF THE CO IF Jocelyn Laura Santo Mary F. Alestra Brooke Robyn Bass Laura Anne Bailyn Martin Earl Beeler Brooke Robyn Bass Karen Bekker MAGNA CUM LAUDE Jonathan Robert Bauer Theresa Marie Bevilacqua Martin Earl Beeler Jennifer Nicole Deitch Karen Bekker Tara P. Cook-Littman David Todd Feuerstein Theresa Marie Bevilacqua John D.Coyle Aaron Edward Fredrickson David Todd Feuerstein Jennifer Nicole Deitch Daniel Steven Gordon Aaron Edward Fredrickson Michael Scott Farkas Alan Gotthelf Daniel Steven Gordon Matthew Peter Forman Adam Keith Grant Jonathan E. Gross Alan Gotthelf Jonathan E. Gross Jason Elliot Halper Adam Keith Grant Daniel Jeremy Haies Albert N. Lung Joshua Hager Jason Elliot Halper Neeli Berger Margolis Daniel Jeremy Haies Steven J. Horowitz Melissa M. Mathis John S. Hall Rachel Brooke Jaffe Julia Louise Mattson Steven J. Horowitz Albert N. Lung Scott Daniel McCoy Rachel Brooke Jaffe Neeli Berger Margolis Michelle Monique Miciotto-Kostun Thomas Roy Lunde Melissa M. Mathis Scott Jonathan Posner Uri Matthew Myerson Ju lia Louise Mattson Michael Howard Rogers Michael J. Parrish Scott Daniel McCoy Marc H. Simon Dennis Rimkunas Michaelle Monique M iciotto-Kostun Julie C. Young Abraham J. Safdie Michael J. Parrish Kara Blair Schissler Scott Jonathan Posner Dmitriy Shleymovich Dennis Rimkunas Richard Joseph Slivinski Michael Howard Rogers Marc Allen Stein Jocelyn Laura Santo Walter J. Storey Kara Blair Schissler Dmitriy Shleymovich Marc H. Simon Julie C.Young B e V\jamiV\ N. CaY'dozo School of Law

ADMINISTRATION Lau ra E. Cunn ingha m Joh n L. Hanks Le sl ie Sa lzman Professor of Law Professor of Law Clinica l Associate Professor of Law and Pau l RVer ku il, JSD Supervis ing Attorney, Cardozo Bet Tzedek 85, 1977, University of California at Davis BA, 1966, JD, 1968, Rutgers University Dean Legal Services Clinic JD 1980, University of California at Hastings MA, LLM, 1972, Columbia University Stewart E. Sterk, JD LLM, 1988, New York University BA, 1978, Tufrs University Michael Eric Herz Senior Associate Dean JD, 1981, New York University Lawrence A. Cu nning ham Professor of Law Matthew S. Levine, MBA Professor of Law and Director, The Samuel Barry C. Scheck BA, 1979, Swarthmore College Assoc iate Dean for Business Affairs and Ronnie Heyman Center on Corporate Professor of Law and Director of JO, 1982, University of Chicago Jacq uelyn L. Burt, JD Governance Clinical Lega l Education Kyron J. Huigens Assistant Dean fo r Placement BA, 1985, University of Delaware 85, 1971, Yale University Associate Professor of Law JD, 1988, Yeshiva University JD, MCP, 1974, University of California Judith Mender, JD AB, 1981, Washington University at Berkeley Assistant Dean for Student Affairs Edward de Grazia JO, 1984, Cornell University Professor of Law Jeanne L. Sch roeder Robert L. Schwartz, JD Arth ur J. Jacobson Professor of Law BA, I 948, JD, 1951, University of Chicago Assistant Dean for Admissions Max Freund Professor of Litigation AB, 1975, Williams College Mitchel l Engler and Advocacy Lynn Wishart, AMLS, JD JD, 1978, Stanford University Assoc iate Professor of Law Director of the Dr. Lillian & Dr. Rebecca BA, 1969, JD, 1974, PhD, 1978, Harvard Willia m Schwa rtz Chutick Law Library BA, 1979, Yale University University University Professor of Law JD, 1983, Harvard University Barbara Birch, BA Melanie Les lie AA, 1952, AM, 1960, JD, I 955, Boston University Director of Alumni Affairs E. Nathaniel Gates Associate Professor of Law LHD, 1996, Hebrew College Professor of Law Susan L. Davis, MA BA, 1983, University of Oregon LHD, 1998, Yeshiva University Director of Pub li c Affai rs BA, 1978, JO, 1987, Yale University JD, 1991, Yeshiva University Scott J. Shapiro Toni M. Fi ne, JD Myriam Gi lles Le la Porter Love Associate Professor of Law Director of Graduate and International Assista nt Professor of Law Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Ku kin BA, 1987, PhD, 1996, Columbia University Programs Program for Confiict Resolution and Cardozo BA, 1993, Harvard-Radcliffe Colleges JD, 1990, Yale University Mediation Clin ic Nancy Kramer, JD JD, 1996, Yale University Pau l M. Sh u pack Director of Placement AB, I 973, Harvard University David Golove MEd, 1975, Virginia Commonwealth University Professor of Law Associate Professor of Law Lesl ie S. Newman, MA,JD JD, 1979, Georgetown University AB, 1961, Columbia University Director of Legal Writing Program BA, 1979, JD, 1982, University JD, 1970, University of Chicago Peter Lush ing of California at Berkeley Debbie Niederhoffer, MA Professor of Law Jonath an L.F. Silver Director of Development LLM, 1993, Yale University AB, 1962, LLB, 1965, Columbia University Professor of Law Toby Gol ick Isabel K. Ba lson, MA BA, I 969, Yale University Clinical Professor of Law and Director, John 0 . McGinnis Associate Reg istra r JD, 1973, University of Pennsylvania Cardozo BetTzedek Legal Services Clinic Professor of Law Tom Cu rtin, BA Edward Stein BA, 1966, Barnard College BA, 1978, JD, 1983, Harvard University Associate Director of Studen t Fina nce Associate Professor of Law JD, 1969, Columbia University MA, 1980, Oxford University BA, 1987, Williams College Les li e S. Newma n Peter Goodrich PhD, 1992, Massachusetts Professor of Law Assoc iate Professor of Law and FACULTY Institute of Technology Di rector of Legal Writing Paris Baldacci LLB, 1975, University ofSheffield JD, 2000, Yale University PhD, 1984, University of Edinburgh AB, MA, 1975, Brown University Cli nical Professor of Law and Supervising JD, 1978, Boston University Stewart E. Ste rk Attorney, Cardozo Bet Tzedek Minasse Haile H. Bert and Ruth Mack Professor Legal Services Clinic Professor of Law Jonathan H. Oberman of Real Estate Law Clinical Associate Professor of Law BA, 7965, University of Scranton BA, 1950, University of Wisconsin AB, I 973, JD, 1976, Columbia University PhD, 1974, Marquette University JD, 1954, MA, 1957, PhD, 1961, Columbia BA, 1974, MA, MPhil, 1979, Columbia University Suzanne Last Stone JD, 1987, CUNY Law School University JD, 1982, Northeastern University Professor of Law J. David Bl eich Malvina Halberstam Monroe E. Price BA, 1974, Princeton University Herbert and Florence Tenzer Professor Professor of Law Joseph and Sadie Danciger Professor of Law JD, 1978, Columbia University of Jewish Law and Ethics and Director, Howard M. Squadron Program BA, 1957, Brooklyn College in Media, Law and Society Peter Til lers BA, 1960, Brooklyn College JO, 1961, MIA, 1964, Columbia University MA, 1968, Columbia University BA, 1960, LLB, 1964, Yale University Professor of Law Marci A. Ham ilton PhD, 1974, New York University BA, 1966, Yale University Thomas H. Lee Professor of Public Law Michel Rosenfel d JD, I 969, LLM, I 972, Harvard University Lester Brickma n Justice Sydney L. Robins Professor of BA, 1979, Vanderbilt University Professor of Law International Law and Human Rights Paul R. Ve rkuil MA, 1982, MA, 1984, Pennsylvania State Professor of Law and Dean 85, 1961, Carnegie-Mellon University University BA, 1969, MA, 1971, MPhil, 1978, PhD, 1991, JD, I 964, University ofFlorida JO, 1988, University of Pennsylvania Columbia University AB, 1961, College of William and Mary LLM, 1965, Yale University JD, 1974, Northwestern University JD, 1967, University of Virginia Eva H. Hanks LLM, 1969,JSD, 1972, New York University David Gray Carlson Dr. Samuel Belkin Professor of Law David Rudensti ne MA, 1971, New School for Social Research Professor of Law and Society Dr. Herman George and Kate Kaiser Professor of Constitutional Law Richard H. We isberg BA, 1974, University of California Referendar, I 95 I, Freie Universitat Berlin, Walter Floersheimer Professor of at Santa Barbara Faculty of Law BA, 1963, MAT, 1965, Yale University Constitutional Law JD, 1977, University of California or Hastings LLB, 1960, University of California, Los Angeles JD, 1969, New York University LLM, 1962, JSD, 1969, Columbia University BA, 1965, Brandeis University PhD, 1970, Cornell University JD, 1974, Columbia University BeV\jamiV\ N. Caf"dozo School of Law

Lynn Wishart ADJUNCT FACULTY LEGAL WRITING INSTRUCTORS Professor of Legal Research and Director of the Dr. Lillian & Dr. Rebecca Chutick Law Library Harold Abramson Raymond Patterson Elizabeth Bassin

AB, 1969, West Virginia University R. Glenn Bauer Curtis Pew David Battat AMLS, 1971, University of Michigan Stanley Plesent JD, 1977, Washington University Simeon Baum Marshall B. Bellovin Charles M. Yab lon Peter L. Berger Sally Ganong Pope Maureen Galvin Dwyer Professor of Law Andrew S. Berkman Bonnie Rabin Ralph Fabrizio BA, 1972, Columbia University Barry Berkman Stephen Ratner Jill Gross JD, 1975, Yale University Adam Berner Eric Rayman Robert Hammer Ell en C. Ya roshefsky Cli nica l Professor of Law Eric Bregman Robert Rosh Jul ie A. Interdonato

BA, I 969, JD, I 975, Rutgers University Morris E. Cohen David Ross Robin H. Kaplan

Edward A. Ze linsky Alvin Deutsch Michael Ross Scott Korenbaum Professor of Law Frank DiGiglio Lucille Roussin Victoria Kummer BA, 1972, MA,JD, 1975, MPhil, 1978, Yale University Yassin EI-Ayouty David B. Saxe John R. Lewis

Bennett Ellenbogen Frank J. Scardilli Burton N. Lipshie VISITING FACULTY Edna Fast Stephen J. Schulte Jessica Magaldi Barton Beebe David Feher Brian Selvin Vincent O'Reilly Visiting Professor of Law Janet Fink Daniel Shapiro Michael Pantazakos BA, I 992, University of Chicago Hedy Forspan Peter Skolnick Kenneth Pasqua le PhD, 1998, Princeton University JD, 2000, Yale University Maranda E. Fritz Peter Shu kat Michelle Roth

Arnold Enker Paul Gal lay Shirley Adelson Siegel Jolie Schwell Visiting Professor of Law Gary Galperin Daniel Silverman Joel Shafferman BA, 1955, Yeshiva University Melvin Simensky JD, 1958, Harvard University Elizabeth Goldman Cynthia Sheps George Fletcher Moshe Horn Gigi Sohn Olga Statz Visiting Professor of Law Cheryl Howard Louise Sommers Mary Ellen Weinberg BA, 1960, University of California at Berkeley Justin Hughes Charles J. Tejada Hadassah Weiner JD, 1963, MCL, 1965, University of Chicago Evan Torgan John Hi cks Ju ne Jacobson David Wi rtz Visiting Professor of Lew Jill Konviser John Tsavaris Lisa Zomberg BA, 1964, JD, 1967, Baylor University James Kornbluh Michael Venditto LL.M., 1972, University of Illinois David Korzenik Jonathan Weinberg Jen nifer Parish Visiting Clin ical Assistant Professor of Law, Jay Levy-Warren Richard Weinberg Cardozo Crimina l Law Clin ic Jeffrey Lewis Zachary Weiss BA, I 992, Austin College Rosalind Lichter Daniel Weitz JD, 1996, New York University William Widen Uriel Procaccia Arthur Linker Visiting Professor of Law Burton N. Upsh ie Leon Wildes

LLB, 1967, LLM, 1969 Hebrew University Susan Mackenzie Pau l Winick SJD, 1972, University of Pennsylvania Gertrud Mainzer Alan Wolf Andras Sajo Visiting Professor of Law Michael Miller Nancy Wolff JD, 1972, ELTE Law Schaal Peter Neufeld David Young PhD, 1977, Doctor of Legal Studies, Stan ley Neustadter Joseph Zuckerman 1982, Hungarian Academy of Sciences John Wefing Nadine Parker Visiting Professor of Law AB, 1964, Sr Peter's College JD, 1967, Catholic University LLM, 1971, New York University BeV\jamiV\ N . Cw•dozo School of L aw

BOARD OF DIRECTORS COMMITTEE ON CER EMO NI AL OCCASIONS Earle I. Mack Chairman € xectAtive Committee Sheldon H. Solow Peter L. Ferrara, MA Stephen J. Schulte Chair Stephen B. Siegel Judith Bacher, MA Vice Chairmen Isabel Balson, MA Barry A. Shenkman Jacquelyn Burt, JD Treasurer Cynthia Church, BA Ronnie Heyman Susan L. Davis, MA Secretary Toni M. Fine,JD Robert M. Beren Matthew Levine, MBA Leon Black Robert L. Schwartz, JD Harvey R. Blau Stewart E. Sterk, JD Leon H. Charney Arthur M. Goldberg * FactAlty M a..-s ha ls Shimmie Horn Michael E. Herz, JD Head Marshal E. Bil li lvry Eric M. Javits Toni M. Fine,JD Dr. Ira Kukin Kyron Huigens,JD Jonathan Kukin Melanie Leslie, JD Dr. Norman Lamm Burton N. Lipshie, LLB Thomas H. Lee Lela Porter Love.JD Mark S. Lieberman Michael Ross, JD Jeffrey H. Loria Leslie Salzman, JD Lawrence Ruben Stewart E. Sterk, JD Barry K. Schwartz Lynn Wishart, JD Romie Shapiro Ellen Yaroshefsky, JD Bonn ie Steingart Rachel L. Warren SttAdeV\t Ci..-a d tAatio V\ Stephen A. Weiss Committee Sigg i B.Wilzig Adam K.Grant Selig A. Zises Steven J. Horowitz Andrew D. Leftt

Honorary Directors

Joseph Appleman Hon. Marvin E. Frankel Hon. Stanley H. Fuld Abraham S. Guterman Prof. Louis Henkin Samuel J. Heyman Edgar J. Nathan Ill

* Deceased }!esh.iva l.AV\ivev-sity

BOARD OF TRUSTEES ADMINISTRATION

Robert M. Beren Honorary Trustees Norman Lamm, PhD Chairman President S Daniel Abraham David S. Gottesman Philip Belz* Morton Lowengrub, PhD Chairman Emeritus Vice President for Academic Affairs J. Morton Davis Dr. Ira Kukin Eugene Ferkauf Dominick P Purpura, MD Vice Chairman Vice President for Medical Affairs Gerald Furst Ronald P. Stanton Dr. Jacob E. Goldman Sheldon E. Socol, JD Vice Chairman Emanuel Gruss Vice President for Business Affairs Sy Syms Abraham S. Guterman Daniel T. Forman, MS Vice Chairman Herbert H. Schiff Vice President for Development Morry Weiss Joseph Segal Herbert C. Dobrinsky, EdD Vice Chairman Marty Silverman Vice President for University Affairs

Ludwig Bravma n n Gershon Stern She ldon R Gelman, PhD Treasurer Elie Wiesel Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs Jay H. Zises Burton P. Resnick Martin H. Bockstein, LLB Chairman, Executive Committee General Counsel

David J. Azrieli Peter L. Ferrara, MA Jack A. Belz Director of Communications and Public Affairs Hal H. Beretz Julius Berman** Israel Miller, DD Marvin S. Bienenfeld Senior Vice President Emeritus Samson Bitensky David H. Zysman, MA David Eshaghian Vice President for Development Emeritus Judah Feinerman * Deceased Aaron Feuerstein ** Ex-Officio Chairman of affiliated Dr. Felix L. Glaubach Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary Vivian Rose Glueck Board ofTrustees Alan E. Goldberg Milton Gralla Ronnie Heyman E.Bill i lvry Michael Jesselson Marcos D. Katz Mordecai D. Katz George Klein Dr. Norman Lamm Earle I. Mack Bernard L. Madoff Ira Leon Rennert David I. Schachne Michael Scharf Jay Schottenstein Irwin Shapiro Moshael J. Straus Joseph Wilf David Yagoda