Carbon Allotropy Paid Course Paid Course Carbon Allotropy

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CARBON ALLOTROPY PAID COURSE PAID COURSE CARBON ALLOTROPY

What is allotropy? An element is found in different forms having different physical properties but similar chemical properties, is called allotropy. Example: phosphorus, sulphur and carbon have allotropes. CARBON ALLOTROPY CARBON ALLOTROPY CARBON ALLOTROPY

Crystalline forms of carbon: 1. Diamond 2. Graphite 3. Fullerene 4. Amorphous form of carbon CARBON ALLOTROPY

Diamond: 1. Octahedral crystals 2. Non conductor of heat and electricity 3. Making jewelry 4. Cutting tool 5. Purest form of carbon 6. Hardest natural substance CARBON ALLOTROPY

Graphite: 1. Called as Black lead 2. Hexagonal crystals 3. Soft 4. Used as pencil lead and lubricant 5. Can also be produced artificially CARBON ALLOTROPY

The first fullerene was discovered in 1985 by Sir Harold W. Kroto (one of the authors of this article) of the United Kingdom and by Richard E. Smalley and Robert F. Curl, Jr., of the United States.

A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and they resemble the balls used in association football. Cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes.

USES: Buckminsterfullerene is one type of fullerene. Its molecules are spherical and contain 60 carbon atoms. Fullerenes may be used for drug delivery systems in the body, in lubricants and as catalysts. The tube fullerenes are called nanotubes. PAID COURSE CARBON ALLOTROPY

Amorphous form of carbon:

Coal: • Anthracite: superior quality coal, burns without smoke • Bituminous: common variety • Lignite • Peat: low quality coal

Coke: As fuel, making graphite and water gas, reducing agent in iron and steel factory.

Lampblack: Used as Indian ink, printers ink, by ladies for eyelids decoration CARBON ALLOTROPY

Gas carbon and petroleum coke: • For making electrodes

Sugar charcoal: • Poorest form of carbon • Father it can be converted into a solid state, known as dry ice, which is used as a mobile refrigerant.

Wood charcoal: • Constituent in gunpowder [Constituent of gunpowder= potassium nitrate (75%) + charcoal (15%) + sulphur (10%)] [Constituent of gunmetal= copper + zinc + Tin (Sn)] • Purification of water • Deodorant and decolourising agent in sugar solution CARBON ALLOTROPY

Carbon 14: • Useful radioactive isotope for tracer studies in biochemical system. • Determination of age of materials that were once alive.

Uses of different types of isotope: • Arsenic 74: tumor tracer • 90Y: joint effusion and arthritis • 59Fe: anaemia and tuberculosis • Cobalt 60: used in chemotherapy • Phosphorus 32: used in blood cancer • Iodine 131: used in Footer • Sodium 24: used to detect disease in kidney • Radium: destroying cancer cell PAID COURSE PAID COURSE Like Comment Share SUBSCRIBE