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The Critical Thinking Co.™ GRADES 7–12+ Empower the mind! 01366BEP Deductive Thinking Skills Benders ® M d Award in Level 6 Winning! +

jigsaw model compact Durwood Forman Kramer Lansdowne Nardon book game puzzle airplane disc Angela - - + - Carlotta + Elias - - Harold + Igor + -

book

game - jigsaw puzzle - -

+ model airplane - + compact disc

Anita Harnadek enders ® Mind B Level 6

Deductive Thinking Skills

Mind Benders® products available in print, software, or eBook form. Level 1 • Level 2 • Verbal • Level 3 • Level 4 Level 5 • Level 6• Level 7 • Level 8

Written by Anita Harnadek

Graphics by Karla Garrett Scott Slyter

Copy Protected PDF The buyer of an eBook can legally keep a copy of the eBook on two different devices. The pages in the eBook are watermarked, digitally monitored, and contain a unique sales identifier, tagged to each buyer, to ensure adherence to the terms of this agreement. Illegal distribution of the copyrighted material in an eBook can result in fines and/or jail time.

© 2011, 2005, 2000, 1981 THE CRITICAL THINKING CO.™ www.CriticalThinking.com Phone: 800-458-4849 • Fax: 541-756-1758 1991 Sherman Ave., Suite 200 • North Bend • OR 97459 ISBN 978-1-60144-794-4 Reproduction of This Copyrighted Material The intellectual material in this product is the copyrighted property of The Critical Thinking Co.™ The individual or entity who initially purchased this product from The Critical Thinking Co.™ or one of its authorized resellers is licensed to reproduce (print or duplicate on paper) each page in this product for use within one home or one classroom. Our copyright and this limited reproduction permission (user) agreement strictly prohibit the sale of any of the copyrighted material in this product. Any reproduction beyond these expressed limits is strictly prohibited without the written permission of The Critical Thinking Co.™ Please visit http://www.criticalthinking.com/copyright for more information. The Critical Thinking Co.™ retains full intellectual property rights on all its products (eBooks, books, and software). Mind Benders® Level 6 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introductory Information Teaching Suggestions...... iii How to Solve a Mind Bender ®...... iv These How to Solve a Multi-Dimensional Mind Bender ®...... vi copyrighted

Puzzles...... 1 pages

Detailed Solutions...... 49 are digitally coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

TEACHING SUGGESTIONS

PURPOSE maybe the cat is fully grown and the fox is a The Mind Benders® series improves deductive few weeks old. reasoning, reading comprehension skills, and organized e. Assume that animals are called by their usual analysis skills. names within the context of the information given. For example, if John and Mary have a GENERAL INFORMATION pet dog and a pet cat, assume that the cat is There are nine books in this series: an ordinary household cat, rather than maybe a Level 1, PreK-K tiger or a leopard. Level 2, Grades 1-2 f. Don’t look for tricky, misleading situations. For

Verbal, Grades K-2 example, suppose the puzzle has four houses These Level 3, Grades 3-6 in a row (and no other houses). And suppose , Grades 3-6 Debby lives next door to Gary. Don’t assume Level 4 copyrighted Level 5, Grades 7-12+ that Debby or Gary might live in a garage Level 6, Grades 7-12+ between two of the houses. Assume that they Level 7, Grades 7-12+ live in two of the four houses in the puzzle. Level 8, Grades 7-12+ g. Pay attention to what the clues say, and assume that typical U.S. social norms apply. pages Levels 1 and 2 are the easiest level and are often For example: used to introduce students (as young as preschool) to (1) If a puzzle has four people, and one clue are ® Mind Benders puzzles and charts. says, “Cathy and the dentist ride to work digitally The Verbal book has easy puzzles with a handful of together in a car pool,” and another clue medium puzzles, designed for auditory use. says, “Brown, who does not know any of Levels 3 and 4 are easy, and Levels 7 and 8 are the other three people, is not the typist,” coded difficult. Levels 5 and 6 are medium-level difficulty. then you should deduce that neither Cathy

nor the dentist is Brown. with ® (2) “Neither Bob nor Young lives in the white About the Clues in MIND BENDERS a In general, the Mind Benders® clues are based house,” means, “Bob is not Young, and unique on general standards and customs found in the U.S. Bob does not live in the white house, and Young does not live in the white house.”

society as a whole. Therefore, use common sense buyer and context in deciding what the clues mean. (3) “John and Abbott went bowling with Dave For example: and Smith,” means, “Four different people identifier. a. Assume that only males have traditionally male went bowling together. One of these was names (John, Robert, Dave) and only females John, one was Abbott, one was Dave, and have traditionally female names (Mary, Jennifer, one was Smith.” Cathy). But be careful not to make such (4) “Jane doesn’t know either Mary or the Distribution assumptions about unisex names (Pat, Chris). artist,” means, “Jane doesn’t know Mary, b. Assume that typical U.S. social relationships and Jane doesn’t know the artist, and Mary apply. For example, if John is engaged to Mary, is not the artist.” (5) “Neither Carol nor Bill went to the party, is

you may assume they know each other. You prohibited. may assume that very close relatives know and Norris didn’t go either,” refers to three each other. different people. c. Don’t assume that rare age relationships may (6) In general, “neither ... nor” and “either ... apply. For example, don’t assume that a or” sentences will refer to separate things, 7-year-old might be a college graduate, or that a as in the above examples. Just plain parent might be younger than his or her adopted “or” sentences, however, are sometimes child. On the other hand, more common age less definite, as in this example: “Neither relationships can apply. A husband may be a Becky nor Jackson has the dog or is the good deal younger than his wife, or a 45-year- secretary.” Here, Becky and Jackson are old may get the mumps. different people, but we aren’t sure that the d. Assume that animals are of normal size. For person who has the dog is not also example, “a horse” is not “a pygmy horse”; “a the secretary. small dog” is smaller than a goat; a “large dog” is simply one of the larger breeds of dogs. If a puzzle talks about a cat and a fox, assume that the cat is smaller than the fox. Do not think that

How to Solve a Mind Bender ®

A Mind Benders® problem gives you two sets of information and asks you to match one set to the other. You can solve the puzzle by reading and analyzing the clues given. Be sure to fill in the entire chart with true (+) or false (-). The sample puzzle below takes you through the steps.

Sample Puzzle These

Liz, Kari, Mindy, and Shannon use a different type of transportation to get to work. copyrighted Read the clues to find each person’s form of transportation.

1. Liz spends most of her travel time off the surface of Earth. pages

2. Unlike Mindy’s ride, Kari’s ride sinks, but it is faster than Shannon’s ride. are digitally coded

car boat plane bicycle with a unique buyer Liz identifier. Distribution Kari is prohibited.

Mindy

Shannon

Clue 1 car boat plane bicycle This clue tells us that Liz’s favorite ride usually travels beyond Earth’s surface so it cannot be the Liz - - + - car, boat, or bicycle. Mark “-” in each of those answer boxes on the chart. If Liz’s favorite ride isn’t Kari - the car, boat, or bicycle, it must be the plane. Mark Mindy “+” in this answer box. -

Shannon Important - These

Always mark all the true and false (+ and -) copyrighted information provided by each clue on the chart. Under plane, mark “-” for Kari, Mindy, and Shannon.

The most common mistake students make is not pages marking the false answers on the chart. are digitally Clue 2 If Mindy’s ride doesn’t sink, then it is the boat, so car boat plane bicycle coded Liz mark a “+” in this answer for Mindy, and “-” in all the - - + - with wrong answers for Mindy. Since we know Mindy’s a favorite ride is the boat, then we know that the boat Kari -- unique is not Kari or Shannon’s favorite ride, so mark a “-” for those answers. Mindy - + - - buyer identifier. Shannon -- Distribution

If Kari’s ride is faster than Shannon’s ride, and the car boat plane bicycle

car and bicycle are the only choices left, then Kari’s is ride is the car. Mark this answer on the chart. Also Liz - - + - prohibited. mark that Kari’s ride is not the bicycle, and Shannon’s ride is not the car. Looking at the chart, Kari + - - - we know that Shannon’s favorite ride is the bicycle. Mark this final answer on the chart and you have Mindy - + - - successfully completed the puzzle. Shannon - - - +

How to Solve a Multi-Dimensional Mind Bender ® Read the sample puzzle and use the multi-dimensional chart to solve it. Sample Puzzle Jim, Jason, and Tom have last names Smith, Lyons, and Dutcher. Each boy has a favorite sport (soccer, tennis, and fishing). Read the clues to find each boy’s last name and favorite sport. These 1. Jason plays his favorite sport by himself, but also plays Dutcher’s favorite

sport, tennis. copyrighted 2. Lyons knows Tom and Smith, but he doesn’t play any of the sports they play.

pages

Smith Lyons Dutcher soccer tennis fishing are digitally

coded

Jim with a unique buyer Jason identifier. Distribution Tom is prohibited.

soccer

tennis

fishing

Clue 1 tells us that Dutcher’s favorite sport is tennis and Jason’s Smith Lyons Dutcher soccer tennis fishing last name is not Dutcher. Mark all 1b these answers on the chart (1a). Jim - Clue 1 also tells us Jason plays 1a 1b 1b 1b his favorite sport by himself. Since Jason - - - + tennis and soccer require other 1b players, Jason’s favorite sport Tom - These must be fishing. Mark all these 1a answers on the chart (1b). copyrighted soccer - 1a 1a 1a

tennis pages Clue 2 tells us that Lyons knows - - + 1a Tom and Smith so Tom’s last are fishing name is not Lyons or Smith so it is - digitally Dutcher. Mark these answers on the chart (2a). coded with Since Clue 2 tells us that Lyons

Smith Lyons Dutcher soccer tennis fishing a doesn’t play any of the sports the unique other two play and Clue 1 tells us 2b 2b 2a 2b 2b 1b that Dutcher and Jason both play Jim - + - + - - buyer

tennis and Jason’s favorite sport 2b 2b 1a 1b 1b 1b identifier. is fishing, then Lyons cannot play Jason + - - - - + tennis, fish, or be named Jason. 2a 2a 2a 2b 2b 1b Distribution So, we now know that Lyons is Tom named Jim and plays soccer. - - + - + - 2b 2b 1a

This leaves us with Jason’s last is soccer name as Smith. We now know - + - prohibited. everyone’s first and last names 1a 1a 1a as well as each person’s favorite tennis - - + sport. Mark these answers on the 2b 2b 1a chart (2b). fishing + - - Tom Dutcher’s favorite sport is tennis, Jim Lyons’ favorite sport is soccer, and Jason Smith’s favorite sport is fishing.

Teacher’s Pens Four teachers (Corwin, Dalton, Ephraim, and Fenner) use four different colors of pen (black, blue, green, or red) to correct the papers of their students. The teachers’ first names are Jim, Mary, Stella, and Tom. Read the clues to find each person’s full name and pen color. 1. Corwin and Ephraim are to be bridesmaids at a wedding next week. 2. The teacher who uses the green pen rode to school with Mary in her car These when his car was being repaired yesterday.

3. Jim always walks to school, but Ephraim always takes a bus to school. copyrighted 4. Corwin told the teacher who uses a black pen that Fenner, who doesn’t use a

green pen, is an excellent teacher. pages

5. The teacher who uses the red pen lost his watch two days ago. are digitally coded Corwin Dalton Ephraim Fenner black blue green red with a

Jim unique buyer Mary identifier.

Stella Distribution

Tom is prohibited.

black

blue

green

red

Ice Cream Elmer, Frank, Michelle, Nerissa, and Zora, whose last names are Anderson, Dowden, Garvey, Hinton, and Jones, have favorite ice cream flavors, one to each person. The flavors are butter pecan, chocolate, lemon, strawberry, and vanilla. Read the clues to find each person’s full name and favorite flavor of ice cream. 1. Jones and the person whose favorite is butter pecan bought Hinton his favorite ice cream.

2. Anderson and his sister both have the same favorite, which isn’t chocolate. These

3. Michelle, Garvey, and the girl whose favorite is butter pecan went to the ice copyrighted cream store with Elmer and Anderson. 4. The girl whose favorite is lemon teased Michelle about having ice cream on her nose. pages 5. Anderson and the person whose favorite is strawberry walked to the store with Michelle. are 6. Zora’s favorite is not butter pecan, but she likes it a lot anyway. digitally

butter coded Anderson Dowden Garvey Hinton Jones chocolate lemon strawberry vanilla pecan with

Elmer a unique

Frank buyer identifier. Michelle Distribution Nerissa

Zora is prohibited.

butter pecan

chocolate

lemon

strawberry

vanilla

Playground Games Charles, Edward, Irene, José, and Patricia, whose last names are Bingman, Darby, Frye, Morgan, and Wilson, each have a favorite game (hide-and-seek, Red Rover, Red Light- Green Light, Simon says, and tag). Read the clues to find each person’s full name and favorite game. 1. The boy whose favorite game is hide-and-seek is a year younger than Darby. 2. Patricia likes to play Red Rover almost as much as she likes to play her

favorite game. These 3. Morgan invited José and Frye to her birthday party. copyrighted 4. Charles and the boy whose favorite game is Red Light-Green Light got in trouble in school yesterday, and it didn’t help their moods any when Frye teased them both

about it. pages 5. Wilson, who doesn’t like running games, sometimes walks to school with two are

of her friends, Charles and Bingman. digitally

hide-and- Red Light- Simon coded Bingman Darby Frye Morgan Wilson Red Rover tag seek Green Light says with

Charles a unique

Edward buyer identifier. Irene Distribution José

Patricia is prohibited.

hide-and- seek

Red Rover

Red Light- Green Light

Simon says

tag

Pet Cats Abner, Crystal, Edmund, and Joy, whose last names are Dinton, Harmon, Landon, and Magland, each have a cat. The colors of the cats are black, gray, white, and yellow, and the cats’ names are Fluffy, Kitty, Pretty, and Sleepy. Read the clues to find each person’s full name and the name and color of their cat. 1. Magland has the yellow cat. 2. Sleepy’s owner, who is neither Joy nor Harmon, does not have the gray cat. These 3. Abner’s and Landon’s cats are short‑haired, while Crystal’s and Dinton’s cats are long‑haired. copyrighted 4. Neither Pretty nor the gray cat, which are short‑haired, is owned by Edmund. pages 5. Crystal’s cat, which is not white or yellow, is not Fluffy. are digitally coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

Dinton Harmon Landon Magland black gray white yellow Fluffy Kitty Pretty Sleepy

Abner

Crystal These copyrighted

Edmund pages Joy are digitally

black coded

gray with a unique

white buyer identifier. yellow Distribution

Fluffy is

Kitty prohibited.

Pretty

Sleepy

Catching a Cold Caroline, Dominic, Edna, Gary, Helmut, and Inez, whose last names are Kaufman, Newton, O’Brien, Reisner, Wyndham, and Zaharias, each caught a cold from someone in the family (aunt, brother, father, mother, sister, and uncle). Read the clues to find each person’s full name and the family member who gave them a cold. 1. Caroline’s cold lasted longer than Wyndham’s. 2. Reisner didn’t catch his cold from his sister, and neither did Helmut. These 3. Kaufman and O’Brien caught their colds from females. copyrighted 4. Edna didn’t catch her cold from her father or an uncle. 5. O’Brien’s mother didn’t have a cold, and neither did Gary’s. pages 6. Caroline doesn’t have an uncle, and neither does Zaharias. are

7. Neither Dominic’s nor O’Brien’s cold lasted long. digitally

8. Males caught their colds from females. coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

Kaufman Newton O’Brien Reisner Wyndham Zaharias aunt brother father mother sister uncle

Caroline

Dominic These copyrighted

Edna pages Gary are digitally

Helmut coded

Inez with a unique

aunt buyer identifier. brother Distribution

father is

mother prohibited.

sister

uncle

Keeping Cool One very hot Saturday afternoon, Ada, George, Joanne, Myrtle, and Nehemiah, whose last names are Cranbrook, Emmerson, lpson, Kribb, and Larson, found different ways to keep cool. One stayed in the basement at home, one went shopping in an air‑conditioned department store, one sat in front of a fan, one sat under a hose spray in the backyard at home, and one went swimming at a public beach. Read the clues to find each person’s full name and how they stayed cool. Assume that all clues refer to that particular afternoon. These 1. lpson telephoned Joanne, who had to work in an office downtown all afternoon, to see how she was doing. copyrighted 2. Neither Ada nor Emmerson got wet. 3. Neither lpson nor Larson stayed home. pages

4. The person who sat under the hose spray, who is not Kribb, got sunburned are digitally when he fell asleep for an hour.

5. George didn’t go swimming, and neither did Myrtle. coded

6. Kribb did not spend the afternoon in a basement or a department store. with a

7. Ada does not know Larson. unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

department Cranbrook Emmerson Ipson Kribb Larson basement fan hose swimming store

Ada

George These copyrighted

Joanne pages Myrtle are digitally

Nehemiah coded

basement with a unique

department store buyer identifier. fan Distribution

hose is

swimming prohibited.

Bread and Marmalade Amelia, Bernard, Derick, and Eula May, whose last names are Grader, Horton, Ingles, and Johnstone, each had a piece of bread (French bread, pumpernickel, rye, and whole wheat) with marmalade (cherry, orange, raspberry, and strawberry) on it. Read the clues to find each person’s full name, type of bread, and flavor of marmalade. 1. Derick, who is not the oldest, is older than Ingles. These 2. Johnstone is younger than the person who had orange marmalade and

older than the person who had whole wheat bread. copyrighted 3. Horton, a male, is not Bernard.

4. Amelia is older than the person who had cherry marmalade, who is older pages than the person who had pumpernickel bread. are

5. Amelia didn’t have French bread or orange marmalade. digitally 6. Bernard, who is the youngest, did not have strawberry marmalade. coded 7. Eula May is not Johnstone. with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

French whole Grader Horton Ingles Johnstone pumpernickel rye cherry orange raspberry strawberry bread wheat

Amelia

Bernard These copyrighted

Derick pages

Eula May are digitally French bread coded

pumpernickel with a unique

rye buyer identifier. whole wheat Distribution

cherry is

orange prohibited.

raspberry

strawberry

Show and Tell Pets Allan, Daphne, Eunice, and Howard, whose last names are Franklin, Jackson, Kingsley, and Lohmer, created quite a stir when they took their pets (buffalo, cheetah, vulture, and zebra) to school for Show and Tell. The colors of the pets’ collars are green, red, white, and yellow. Read the clues to find each person’s full name, pet, and the color of the collar. 1. The buffalo has a yellow collar. These 2. Howard’s pet does not have a green collar.

3. Neither Eunice’s pet nor Franklin’s pet flies or has a green collar. copyrighted 4. Neither Daphne’s nor Kingsley’s pet has feathers or is spotted. pages 5. Neither Allan’s pet nor the pet with the red collar has a beak. 6. The striped animal, which is the pet of neither Eunice nor Jackson, doesn’t are digitally have a red collar. coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

Franklin Jackson Kingsley Lohmer buffalo cheetah vulture zebra green red white yellow

Allan

Daphne These copyrighted

Eunice pages Howard are digitally

buffalo coded

cheetah with a unique

vulture buyer identifier. zebra Distribution

green is

red prohibited.

white

yellow

How It Looks on Paper Grady, Nelson, Ralston, and Tyler, whose first names are Adam, Deborah, Joan, and Vladimir, are four business people who ordered (and got) items printed (circulars, invoices, purchase orders, and stationery) in different typefaces (Futura, Helios, Korinna, and Oracle) and different type styles (bold, extra bold, light, and medium). Read the clues to find each person’s full name, item, typeface, and type style.

1. The person who ordered the invoices didn’t order Helios typeface or These medium type style, and Adam and Tyler both asked Ralston how many items she ordered. copyrighted 2. Nelson, who didn’t order Korinna or Futura typeface, told Deborah that she

was pleased with the type style, which wasn’t light or extra bold. pages

3. The circulars, which were not printed in extra bold type style, were not are

ordered by Grady or Ralston. digitally 4. The person who ordered Futura typeface ordered neither the light nor the coded extra bold type style, and she did not have stationery printed. with 5. The items printed in Helios typeface were not printed in extra bold type. a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

14 © 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 Mind Benders® Level 6 Puzzles Grady Nelson Ralston Tyler Futura Helios Korinna Oracle bold extra bold light medium circulars invoices purchase orders stationery

Adam These

Deborah copyrighted

Joan pages

Vladimir are digitally

Futura coded

Helios with a Korinna unique buyer Oracle identifier.

bold Distribution

extra bold is

light prohibited.

medium

circulars

invoices

purchase orders

stationery

Where They Work Jankowski, Keyser, O’Rourke, Stoker, Tyler, and Werner, whose first names are Arthur, Bartholomew, Deborah, Edith, Francesca, and Gordon are employed as a cosmetologist, hairstylist, labor arbitrator, mortician, pathologist, and union organizer. Read the clues to find each person’s full name and occupation. 1. Keyser does most of her work in a laboratory. 2. Stoker, who is not the hairstylist, has to know how to style hair. These 3. O’Rourke gave Arthur some tips on how to do a better job. copyrighted 4. Part of Bartholomew’s job includes doing what Werner does on her job. 5. Edith and Tyler were bridesmaids, and Arthur and Jankowski were ushers, pages at the cosmetologist’s wedding last week. 6. Gordon is not O’Rourke. are digitally 7. Francesca is not the pathologist or the union organizer, and neither is Edith. coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

16 © 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 Mind Benders® Level 6 Puzzles Jankowski Keyser O’Rourke Stoker Tyler Werner cosmetologist hairstylist labor arbitrator mortician pathologist union organizer

Arthur These

Bartholomew copyrighted

Deborah pages are Edith digitally coded Francesca with a

Gordon unique buyer cosmetologist identifier.

hairstylist Distribution

labor arbitrator is prohibited.

mortician

pathologist

union organizer

Old Cars Four married couples (Edgewoods, Framptons, Learneds, and MacArthurs) each have an old car (Hudson, Kaiser, Packard, and Studebaker) for the first time. The wives’ first names are Anne, Cheryl, Jessica, and Nora. The husbands’ first names are Bertram, Douglas, Gino, and Rex. Read the clues to find the husbands’ and wives’ full names and what kind of car they own. (Note: Read carefully. If a clue says something like, “John and Mary talked

about their car,” then you have two people and one car, so John and Mary These must be married. But if it says “cars” instead of “car,” then John and Mary must not be married, since each couple had only one old car.) copyrighted 1. The Edgewoods, who do not have the Kaiser, asked Nora how she found

her old car. pages

2. Neither Jessica and her husband nor the Learneds have the Packard or are

the Studebaker. digitally 3. Gino and his wife, who don’t own the Hudson, asked Cheryl and her coded husband if they thought the MacArthurs and the owners of the Studebaker

would like to join the four of them for dinner. with a

4. The Framptons went to a baseball game with Rex and Bertram and unique their wives. buyer 5. Jessica and Douglas were discussing how much their cars are worth when the Hudson owners came along and suggested they all take their cars to identifier. an appraiser. 6. Gino and his wife are not the Framptons. Distribution 7. Bertram and his wife don’t have the Kaiser. is prohibited.

Bertram Douglas Gino Rex Edgewood Frampton Learned MacArthur Hudson Kaiser Packard Studebaker

Anne

Cheryl These copyrighted

Jessica pages Nora are digitally

Edgewood coded

Frampton with a unique

Learned buyer identifier. MacArthur Distribution

Hudson is

Kaiser prohibited.

Packard

Studebaker

At the Ice Cream Store Ed, Fred, Hope, and Ina walked into an ice cream store and seated themselves at four empty stools in a row so that males and females alternated. (We’ll call these stools #1, #2, #3, and #4, with #1 being the leftmost stool, looking at the stools’ backs.) Their last names are Stewart, Taylor, Underwood, and Valera, and they ordered a banana split, an ice cream cone, a milkshake, and a sundae. Read the clues to find each person’s full name, who sat where, and what they ordered.

1. Ed was seated between the two girls. These

2. Ina sat on Stewart’s immediate right. copyrighted 3. Taylor, who was the second to order, sat two seats from the person who ordered the milkshake and next to the person who ordered the pages ice cream cone. 4. Underwood sat at the immediate left of Valera and at the immediate are digitally right of the person who ordered the sundae.

5. Ina was the last to order. coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

banana ice cream Stewart Taylor Underwood Valera milkshake sundae #1 #2 #3 #4 split cone

Fred These copyrighted

Hope pages Ina are digitally banana split coded

ice cream cone with a unique

milkshake buyer identifier. sundae Distribution

#1 is

#2 prohibited.

How Much Weight? Adler, Durwood, Ericson, Farley, Gladstone, and Hamble, whose first names are Bernice, Christine, Melissa, Nicholas, Peter, and Stuart, want to lose weight. Each one wants to lose a different amount than the others, and the least amount is 5 kilograms. Read the clues to find each person’s full name and how much weight they want to lose. 1. Bernice is to lose 5 kilograms more than Adler but 5 kilograms less

than Stuart. These

2. Durwood must lose 5 kilograms more than Christine but 2 kilograms less copyrighted than Gladstone. 3. Melissa is to lose 2 kilograms more than Nicholas but 3 kilograms less than Farley. pages

4. Peter must lose 2 kilograms less than Stuart and 3 kilograms more are digitally than Farley.

5. Christine is not Hamble. coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

Adler Durwood Ericson Farley Gladstone Hamble 5 kg

Bernice

Christine These copyrighted

Melissa pages Nicholas are digitally

Peter coded

Stuart with a unique

5 kg buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

Drug Store Shopping Adam, Dale, Ginger, and Jason, whose last names are Edgmont, Harper, Landon, and Morris, each bought something (cotton balls, newspaper, paperback book, and sunglasses) at a drug store (Olson’s Drug Store, Reliable Drug Store, Taylor City Drug Store, and Vitamin Drugs). Just as each one left, he or she remembered something else needed (aspirin, fingernail file, hand lotion, and toothpaste) and went back and bought it, too. Read the clues to find each person’s full name, the first and second purchase, and where each shopped. These 1. Dale, who didn’t buy a paperback book or cotton balls, was glad she remembered the second item, which wasn’t hand lotion, before she’d walked copyrighted all the way back home.

2. On his way to the drug store, which wasn’t Vitamin Drugs or Olson’s, Harper pages saw Adam, who was just going home. are

3. Morris saved gas by riding her bicycle to the drug store and back. digitally 4. The person who bought the hand lotion didn’t buy anything to read, and coded neither did Harper. with 5. Neither the person who bought the cotton balls nor Edgmont bought aspirin a

or went to Reliable Drug Store. unique

6. The person who bought toothpaste at Olson’s was neither Landon nor Adam. buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

24 © 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 Mind Benders® Level 6 Puzzles Edgmont Harper Landon Morris Olson’s Reliable City Taylor Vitamin cotton balls newspaper paperback book sunglasses aspirin fingernail file hand lotion toothpaste

Adam These

Dale copyrighted

Ginger pages Jason are digitally Olson’s coded Reliable with

Taylor City a unique

Vitamin buyer identifier. cotton balls Distribution newspaper

paperback book is prohibited.

sunglasses

aspirin

fingernail file

hand lotion

toothpaste

Domestic Flights Akers, Bradley, Capper, and Darby, whose first names are Greta, Harry, Isabel, and Joseph, all flew from one city to another yesterday afternoon. All flights were primarily east to west or west to east, rather than north to south or south to north. Departure cities were Chicago, Minneapolis, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. The arrival cities were Detroit, New York City, St. Louis, and Tacoma. The departure times were 2:45, 3:10, 3:45, and 4:15 in their respective standard time zones.

Read the clues to find each person’s full name, their departure city, arrival city, and These departure time. copyrighted 1 . The flight to St. Louis left at a later time than the flight from San Francisco but at an earlier time than the flight to New York City. 2. Akers’ flight, unlike Isabel’s, was from east to west. pages

3. Darby’s flight, which left at a later time than the flight to New York City left, are digitally was shorter than Harry’s flight but longer than the flight from Chicago.

4. Converting all departure times to eastern standard time, Capper’s flight left coded the latest. with

5. Joseph did not go to Tacoma. a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

26 © 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 Mind Benders® Level 6 Puzzles Akers Bradley Capper Darby Chicago Minneapolis San Francisco Washington, D.C. Detroit New York St. Louis Tacoma 2:45 3:10 3:45 4:15

Greta These

Harry copyrighted

Isabel pages Joseph are digitally Chicago coded Minneapolis with

San Francisco a unique

Washington, D.C. buyer identifier. Detroit Distribution New York

St. Louis is prohibited.

Tacoma

2:45

3:10

3:45

4:15

Birthday Party Sharon had a birthday party, and among her friends who attended were Angela, Carlotta, Elias, Harold, and lgor, whose last names are Durwood, Forman, Kramer, Lansdowne, and Nardon. The gifts they gave Sharon were a book, a game, a jigsaw puzzle, a model airplane kit, and a gift card. Read the clues to find each friend’s full name and gift. 1. Elias didn’t give Sharon a gift card. These 2. One of the girls thought lgor was kind of strange for giving Sharon a model

airplane kit, but Sharon said she’d wanted one for a long time. copyrighted 3. Durwood asked Nardon if he thought Sharon liked the gift she gave, which was not a game. pages 4. Forman was pleased by Sharon’s smile when she saw his gift. are

5. The girl who gave Sharon the book, who is not Angela, asked Kramer if he’d digitally read it. coded 6. lgor and Forman started to put Nardon’s gift together, but Nardon and Sharon

made them stop. with a

7. A girl gave Sharon the game. unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

jigsaw model Durwood Forman Kramer Lansdowne Nardon book game gift card puzzle airplane

Angela

Carlotta These copyrighted

Elias pages

Harold are digitally

Igor coded with book a unique

game buyer identifier.

jigsaw puzzle Distribution

model airplane is prohibited.

gift card

Hair Colors The hair colors of Catherine, Duane, Elias, Harmony, and Jane, whose last names are Fernandez, Inwell, Klinger, Lopez, and Mason, are auburn, black, gray, red, and yellow. Read the clues to find each person’s full name and hair color. 1. Duane, who does not dye his naturally blond hair, asked Mason if her curly hair was natural. 2. Jane and Mason tease Lopez about his long eyelashes and curly hair, which These is not yellow.

3. Catherine, whose hair is straight, is not Klinger. copyrighted 4. The person with auburn hair asked Fernandez and Duane if they’d like to play

tennis with Harmony and her tomorrow. pages

5. Mason’s hair is not gray or red. are digitally 6. Jane’s hair doesn’t have any reddish colors in it. coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

Fernandez Inwell Klinger Lopez Mason auburn black gray red yellow

Catherine

Duane These copyrighted

Elias pages

Harmony are digitally

Jane coded with auburn a unique

black buyer identifier.

gray Distribution

red is prohibited.

yellow

Fairy Tales Four parents (Alice, Carlos, Kathleen, and Paul) read stories (Beauty and the Beast, Hansel and Gretel, Little Red Riding Hood, and Snow White) to their children (Fernando, Isabelle, Monica, and Thomas). Their last names are Dorman, Ellman, Garner, and Jarvis. Read the clues to find each parent’s full name, child’s name, and story. 1. The men read to girls. These 2. The stories Alice and Jarvis read did not have colors in their titles.

3. Garner did not read Hansel and Gretel to her child. copyrighted 4. Jarvis’ child is not Isabelle or Monica. pages 5. Isabelle, whose parent is not Paul, did not have Little Red Riding Hood

read to her. are digitally 6. Snow White was not read to Dorman’s child.

7. Beauty and the Beast was not read to Fernando. coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

Beauty Hansel Little Red Snow Dorman Ellman Garner Jarvis Fernando Isabelle Monica Thomas and the and Riding White Beast Gretel Hood

Alice

Carlos These copyrighted

Kathleen pages Paul are digitally

Fernando coded

Isabelle with a unique

Monica buyer identifier. Thomas Distribution Beauty and the Beast

Hansel is and prohibited. Gretel

Little Red Riding Hood

Snow White

Picnic in the Park Four married couples (Creightons, Farmers, Garsons, and Ordways) met in the park for a potluck picnic. They took apple pie, bean salad, iced tea, and potato salad (one item per couple). The husbands’ first names are Brad, Edward, Homer, and Ken. The wives’ first names are Daphne, Lisa, Moira, and Norma. Read the clues to find each person’s full name and what they brought to the picnic. 1. Brad and his wife, who didn’t take iced tea, rode to the picnic with the

Ordways, who didn’t take apple pie, in their car. These

2. Moira and her husband went to the picnic on their motorcycles. copyrighted 3. The Farmers went to the picnic on their bicycles.

4. The Creightons didn’t go to the picnic in a car. pages

5. Homer and Mrs. Farmer went swimming while Mr. Farmer and Edward are

played horseshoes with Lisa and Daphne. digitally 6. Edward, who didn’t go to the picnic in a car, did not take apple pie or coded bean salad. with 7. Brad, who isn’t married to Daphne, did not take apple pie or bean salad. a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

bean potato Daphne Lisa Moira Norma Creighton Farmer Garson Ordway apple pie iced tea salad salad

Brad

Edward These copyrighted

Homer pages Ken are digitally

Creighton coded

Farmer with a unique

Garson buyer identifier. Ordway Distribution apple pie is

bean prohibited. salad

iced tea

potato salad

Money for Charities Burke, Irvin, Pamela, and Samantha, whose last names are Easley, Freeman, Linton, and Ohmer, collected funds in different ways (carnival, door‑to‑door collections, newspaper drive, and roller skating marathon) for different charities (American Cancer Society, March of Dimes, United Way, and The Humane Society). Read the clues to find each person’s full name, fund-raising activity, and charity. 1. The boy who organized the newspaper drive did not collect for the

United Way. These

2. Samantha and Easley, whose projects occurred at different times, helped copyrighted each other raise money. 3. The person who raised money for The Humane Society hasn’t met Ohmer, pages but she has met Linton. 4. Irvin, who held a carnival to raise money, has met Samantha and Freeman, are digitally but he hasn’t met the person who raised money by door‑to‑door collections.

5. Money for the American Cancer Society was not collected by a newspaper coded drive or a carnival. with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

American March The door- roller United newspaper Easley Freeman Linton Ohmer Cancer of Humane carnival to-door skating Way drive Society Dimes Society collection marathon

Burke

Irvin These

Pamela copyrighted

Samantha pages

American are Cancer Society digitally

March coded of Dimes with

United a Way unique

The buyer Humane

Society identifier.

carnival Distribution

door- to-door

collection is prohibited. newspaper drive

roller skating marathon

Who Works for Whom? Cass, Edward, Helen, and Joan, whose last names are Kline, Lincoln, MacLeod, and Neale, have jobs (executive secretary, file clerk, bookkeeper, and receptionist) working for Adams, Brown, Drake, and Garner. Read the clues to find each person’s full name, profession, and employer. 1. Kline, who has been at her job for only six months, is not the bookkeeper. 2. Neale, who doesn’t work for Adams, and Cass, who doesn’t work for Garner, These are almost the same age.

3. The executive secretary, who has been working for Brown for three years, is copyrighted five years older than Neale.

4. The receptionist’s boss, who is not Garner, handed him a pile of work to do at pages the last minute yesterday. are

5. Cass has been helping others all week, since his boss is on vacation until digitally next Wednesday. coded 6. Joan, who doesn’t work for Garner, is not MacLeod. with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

38 © 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 Mind Benders® Level 6 Puzzles Kline Lincoln MacLeod Neale executive secretary file clerk bookkeeper receptionist Adams Brown Drake Garner

Cass These copyrighted Edward pages Helen are digitally Joan coded

executive secretary with a unique

file clerk buyer

bookkeeper identifier. Distribution receptionist is

Adams prohibited.

Brown

Drake

Garner

What Makes Cars Go Alan, Betty, John, and Mary Ann, whose last names are Ferguson, Horton, Kelly, and Laramie, own a Camel, an Ostrich, a Panther, and a Tiger, which are cars that run on diesel fuel, electric power, gasohol, and solar energy. Read the clues to find each person’s full name, car, and energy source. 1. Betty and Laramie asked the owner of the car powered by solar energy whether or not her car runs well on shady days. These 2. Ferguson’s car and the Panther have to stop at filling stations to refuel.

3. Neither the Tiger nor the car which uses gasohol is owned by John. copyrighted 4. On cold days, Ferguson has trouble starting her car, which is not

the Ostrich. pages

5. Horton, who does not own the Tiger or the Ostrich, has nicknamed her are

car Spot. digitally 6. The car owned by John, who is not Laramie, does not use diesel fuel. coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

diesel electric solar Ferguson Horton Kelly Laramie gasohol Camel Ostrich Panther Tiger fuel power energy

Alan

Betty These copyrighted

John pages Mary Ann are digitally diesel fuel coded

electric power with a unique

gasohol buyer

solar identifier. energy Distribution

Camel is

Ostrich prohibited.

Panther

Tiger

Coats and Shoes Agatha, Drake, Edward, and Greta bought coats in different patterns (checkered, flowered, plaid, and striped) and different overall colors (gray, maroon, red, and yellow). They also bought footwear (boots, house slippers, oxfords, and tennis shoes). Read the clues to find each person’s coat pattern, color, and footwear. 1. The person who bought the boots, who did not buy the flowered coat, went to three stores before finding a pair of boots she liked. These 2. Drake and the person who bought the flowered coat told the person who

bought the yellow coat that they like his new shoes. copyrighted 3. The person who bought the maroon coat did not buy the checkered coat or the boots. pages 4. The person who bought the striped coat told Edward, who didn’t buy the checkered coat, that Edward’s new kitten is nice. are digitally 5. Neither of the girls bought house slippers. coded 6. Agatha told the person who bought the oxfords and the red coat that the

department store is having another sale next week. with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

house tennis checkered flowered plaid striped gray maroon red yellow boots oxfords slippers shoes

Agatha

Drake These copyrighted

Edward pages Greta are digitally

gray coded

maroon with a unique

red buyer identifier. yellow Distribution

boots is

house prohibited. slippers

oxfords

tennis shoes

Household Chores Four girls (Amanda, Beatrice, Vera, and Wilma) did chores at home (clean the garage, mow the lawn, pull weeds, and sweep the basement). Each girl has a sister (Kitty, Lottie, Ronnie, and Tammy). The girls’ last names are Dryden, Fraser, Howard, and Jamison. Read the clues to find each person’s full name, her chore, and her sister. 1. Amanda’s sister helped Amanda do her chore. These 2. Vera and her sister, who is not Tammy, helped Wilma with her job when they

finished at their own house. copyrighted 3. Wilma, who isn’t Dryden, didn’t sweep the basement.

4. Neither Vera nor Kitty’s sister got stained hands, but the girls who pulled pages weeds did. are

5. Neither Wilma nor Jamison is Tammy’s sister. digitally 6. Lottie didn’t help with any of the chores, but her sister, who isn’t Wilma and coded who didn’t sweep the basement, didn’t mind. with 7. Howard, who is not Kitty’s sister, did not pull weeds or clean the garage. a unique 8. Howard, who isn’t Amanda, was too tired to do anything but soak in the

bathtub when she finished her chore. buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

clean mow sweep pull Dryden Fraser Howard Jamison Kitty Lottie Ronnie Tammy the the the weeds garage lawn basement

Amanda

Beatrice These copyrighted

Vera pages Wilma are digitally

Kitty coded

Lottie with a unique

Ronnie buyer identifier. Tammy Distribution clean the garage

mow is the prohibited. lawn

pull weeds

sweep the basement

Favorite Drinks Bernard, Dorothy, Edwin, Faith, and Jeannine, whose last names are Casey, Gardner, Hooper, Kulper, and Martin, have favorite drinks for hot weather (apple juice, iced tea, lemonade, orange juice, and pineapple juice). Read the clues to find each person’s full name and favorite drink. 1. Hooper doesn’t like apple juice. 2. Gardner doesn’t like lemonade. These 3. The person whose favorite is orange juice, who isn’t Dorothy, gets along well with everyone. copyrighted 4. Jeannine likes all the drinks, but she likes one, which isn’t iced tea or

orange juice, the best. pages

5. Edwin and Martin don’t get along well with the person whose favorite is are

lemonade, who isn’t Casey. digitally 6. Martin and Jeannine and the person whose favorite is apple juice are coded good friends. with 7. Aside from one other person, Bernard doesn’t get along well with anyone. a unique 8. Casey doesn’t like some of the drinks, but she likes at least two of them. buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.

apple iced orange pineapple Casey Gardner Hooper Kulper Martin lemonade juice tea juice juice

Bernard

Dorothy These copyrighted

Edwin pages

Faith are digitally

Jeannine coded with apple

juice a unique

iced buyer tea identifier.

lemonade Distribution

orange juice is prohibited.

pineapple juice

Building a House The Smiths built a brick ranch‑style home with a basement of poured concrete. Among the contractors they hired were a carpenter, an electrician, a mason, and a plumber. Their names are Norton, Otis, Robbins, and Taylor. The first names of the contractors are Andrew, Betty, Donna, and Jerome. Read the clues to find each contractor’s full name and trade. 1. Andrew and Taylor both finished their jobs before Otis started on his. These 2. Neither Betty nor Taylor is the electrician.

3. Betty is not the mason. copyrighted 4. Robbins is Norton’s sister. pages 5. Donna is not the carpenter. are digitally

Norton Otis Robbins Taylor carpenter electrician mason plumber coded with Andrew a unique

Betty buyer identifier.

Donna Distribution

Jerome is prohibited.

carpenter

electrician

mason

plumber

DETAILED SOLUTIONS p. 1 Corwin and Ephraim are women (1). Mary isn’t Ephraim FIRST NAME LAST NAME PEN COLOR (2, 3), so Stella is, and Mary is Corwin. The green pen Jim Fenner red user is male (2) but isn’t Jim (2, 3), so he is Tom. Then Tom isn’t Fenner (4), so Jim is, and Tom is Dalton. The Mary Corwin blue user of the red pen is male (5), so he is Jim. Corwin doesn’t use a black pen (4), so Ephraim does, and Stella Ephraim black Corwin uses a blue pen. Tom Dalton green These copyrighted p. 2 ICE CREAM Zora is female (6). Hinton (1) and Anderson (2) are males. Elmer NAME FLAVOR isn’t Anderson (3), so Frank is, and Elmer is Hinton. The girl whose Elmer Hinton strawberry favorite is butter pecan (3) isn’t Michelle (3) or Zora (6), so she is Nerissa. Nerissa isn’t Jones (1, butter pecan) or Garvey (3, butter Frank Anderson vanilla pecan), so she is Dowden. Michelle is not Garvey (3), so she is pages Jones, and Zora is Garvey. The girl whose favorite is lemon (4) is

Michelle Jones chocolate are not Michelle (4), so she is Zora. Strawberry is not the favorite of Nerissa Dowden butter pecan Anderson (5) or Jones (5, Michelle), so it is the favorite of Hinton. digitally Anderson’s favorite is not chocolate (2), so it is vanilla, and Jones’ Zora Garvey lemon

favorite is chocolate. coded with p. 3 Patricia likes Red Rover (2), a running game, so Patricia isn’t Wilson

NAME GAME a

(5). Wilson is a female (5), and so is Morgan (3), so Patricia is unique Charles Darby Red Rover Morgan, and lrene is Wilson, whose favorite game is Simon says (5, the only game which doesn’t have to involve running). Charles buyer Edward Frye hide-and-seek is not Frye (4) or Bingman (5), so Charles is Darby. José is not Frye

(3), so he is Bingman, and Edward is Frye. Patricia’s favorite game is identifier. Irene Wilson Simon says not hide-and-seek (1, male), Red Rover (2), or Red Light-Green Light Red Light- José Bingman Green Light (4, male), so her favorite game is tag. Charles Darby’s favorite game

is not Red Light-Green Light (4) or hide-and-seek (1), so his favorite Distribution Patricia Morgan tag game is Red Rover. Red Light-Green Light is not Frye’s favorite game (4), so it is Bingman’s, and Frye’s favorite is hide-and-seek. pp. 4-5 Magland has the yellow cat (1). Crystal doesn’t have the is NAME COLOR CAT prohibited. yellow cat (5), so she is not Magland. Also, she isn’t Abner Magland yellow Pretty Landon or Dinton (3), so she is Harmon. Abner isn’t Landon or Dinton (3), so he is Magland. Two of the cats Crystal Harmon black Kitty are short‑haired, and the other two are long‑haired (3), so Edmund owns a long‑haired cat (4). Then he is Edmund Dinton white Sleepy Dinton (3), and so Joy is Landon. Abner Magland’s Joy Landon gray Fluffy yellow cat is short‑haired (3), so it is Pretty (4). Then Landon owns the gray cat (3, 4). Crystal doesn’t have the white cat, so Edmund has it, and Crystal’s cat is black. Sleepy is not owned by Joy or Crystal Harmon (2), so Sleepy is Edmund’s cat. Crystal doesn’t own FIuffy (5), so she owns Kitty, and Joy owns Fluffy.

pp. 6-7 FAMILY No male caught a cold from a male (8). Neither Edna (4) nor Caroline NAME MEMBER (6) caught her cold from an uncle, so Inez did. Edna didn’t catch a Caroline Newton father cold from her father (4), so she caught her cold from a brother, and Caroline caught her cold from her father. The males are Kaufman Dominic Reisner mother and O’Brien (3) and Reisner (2). O’Brien is not Gary (5) or Dominic (7), so he is Helmut. Neither Gary nor Helmut O’Brien caught a cold Edna Zaharias brother from a mother (5), so Dominic did. Helmut didn’t catch his cold from Gary Kaufman sister a sister (2), so he caught it from an aunt, and Gary caught his from a sister. Then Gary is not Reisner (2, sister), so he is Kaufman, and Helmut O’Brien aunt Dominic is Reisner. Caroline is not Zaharias (6), and neither is Inez (6, uncle), so Edna is Zaharias. Caroline is not Wyndham (1), so Inez Inez Wyndham uncle These is, and Caroline is Newton. copyrighted pp. 8-9 Joanne used a fan (1). The person who sat under a hose spray was NAME HOW COOLED not lpson or Larson (3) or Emmerson (2) or Kribb (4), so he or she department Ada Ipson was Cranbrook. The person who went swimming was not Ada (2) or store pages George or Myrtle (5), so he was Nehemiah. Cranbrook is a male (4, George hose spray Cranbrook hose spray) but isn’t Nehemiah (swimming), so Cranbrook is George. are The person who stayed in the basement was not lpson or Larson (3) Joanne Kribb fan or Kribb (6), so she or he was Emmerson. Then Emmerson is not digitally Myrtle basement Emmerson Joanne (fan), Nehemiah (swimming), or Ada (2), so Emmerson is

Nehemiah Myrtle. Then Ada spent the afternoon at a department store. Then coded swimming Larson Ada is not Kribb (6) or Larson (7), so Ada is Ipson. Ada Ipson knows

Joanne (1) but doesn’t know Larson (7), so Joanne is not Larson. with Then Nehemiah is Larson, and Joanne is Kribb. a unique pp. 10-11 Bernard is the youngest (6), so his marmalade is not NAME BREAD MARMALADE orange (2) or cherry (4). It is not strawberry (6), so it is buyer Amelia rye strawberry raspberry. The whole wheat bread eater is one of the Johnstone two youngest (2), but Amelia is one of the two oldest (4), identifier. Bernard Ingles pumpernickel raspberry so Amelia didn’t eat the whole wheat bread. She also didn’t eat the French bread (5) or the pumpernickel (4), Derick Horton whole wheat cherry so she ate the rye bread. Horton is a male (3) but isn’t Distribution Eula May French bread orange Bernard (3), so he is Derick. Johnstone, who is not the Grader youngest (2), is not Bernard (6, youngest) or Eula May (7), so she is Amelia. Johnstone is not the oldest or the youngest (2) and is not the second is

youngest (4, Amelia), so she is the second oldest. Then Derick Horton, who is not the oldest or prohibited. the youngest (1), is the second youngest, which makes Ingles the youngest (1), so Ingles is Bernard (6). Then Grader is Eula May. Amelia didn’t have cherry (4) or orange (5) marmalade, so she had strawberry. The person who had orange marmalade is older than Johnstone (2), who is second oldest, so this person is the oldest. Then this person is not Horton (second youngest), so she is Grader. Then Horton had cherry marmalade. The person who had pumpernickel is one of the two youngest (4), and so this person is Bernard or Derick. He isn’t Derick (4, cherry marmalade), so he is Bernard. The person who had orange marmalade (Grader) didn’t have whole wheat bread (2), so Horton did, and Grader had French bread.

50 © 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 Mind Benders® Level 6 Detailed Solutions pp. 12-13 The buffalo has a yellow collar (1). The red collar is not NAME PET COLLAR worn by the vulture (5) or the zebra (6), so the cheetah Allan Kingsley zebra green wears it. The vulture isn’t the pet of Allan (5), Daphne (4), or Eunice (3), so it is Howard’s pet. Its collar isn’t Daphne Franklin buffalo yellow green (2), so it is white. Then the zebra’s collar is green. The cheetah isn’t Allan’s (5, red collar) or Daphne’s (4), Eunice Lohmer cheetah red so it is Eunice’s. Eunice isn’t Franklin (3), Jackson (6), Howard Jackson vulture white or Kingsley (4, cheetah), so she is Lohmer. Howard, who has the vulture, isn’t Franklin (3) or Kingsley (4), so he is Jackson. Daphne isn’t Kingsley (4), so Allan is, and Daphne is Franklin. Franklin’s pet is not the zebra (3, green collar), so it is the buffalo, and so Kingsley has the zebra. These pp. 14-15 Nelson is a woman (2) but is not Deborah NAME FACE STYLE ITEMS copyrighted (2), so she is Joan. Then Ralston, also a Adam Grady Korinna extra bold stationery woman (1), is Deborah. Adam isn’t Tyler (1), so Vladimir is, and Adam is Grady. The Deborah Ralston Futura medium purchase orders person who ordered Futura typeface is pages female (4) but isn’t Nelson (2), so she is Joan Nelson Oracle bold invoices

Ralston. The invoices were not ordered by are Vladimir Tyler Helios light circulars Grady (1, Adam) or by Tyler or Ralston (1), digitally so Nelson ordered them. The type style wasn’t medium (1) or light or extra bold (2), so it was bold. The typeface wasn’t Helios (1) or Korinna (2), so it was Oracle. Ralston didn’t order light or extra bold type style (4, Futura), so coded she ordered medium type style. Neither Grady nor Ralston ordered the circulars (3), so Tyler

ordered them. They were not printed in extra bold type style (3), so they were printed in light with

type style. Then Grady’s items were printed in extra bold type style. Ralston didn’t order a stationery (4, Futura), so Grady ordered it, and Ralston ordered purchase orders. Grady didn’t unique order Helios typeface (5, extra bold), so he ordered Korinna, and Tyler ordered Helios. buyer pp. 16-17 Keyser, a female (1) who is the pathologist (1), is not Francesca or NAME OCCUPATION Edith (7), so she is Deborah. Werner (4) and Tyler (5) are females, identifier. Arthur Stoker mortician but Edith isn’t Tyler (5), so she is Werner, and Francesca is Tyler. Arthur is not O’Rourke (3) or Jankowski (5), so he is Stoker. Gordon Bartholomew

cosmetologist Distribution O’Rourke is not O’Rourke (6), so Bartholomew is, and Gordon is Jankowski. From clue 5, the cosmetologist is not Edith, Francesca (Tyler), Arthur, Deborah Keyser pathologist or Gordon (Jankowski), so Bartholomew is the cosmetologist. Since Edith Werner hairstylist neither a labor arbitrator nor a union organizer has to know how to is

style hair, Stoker is neither of these (2), and he is not the hairstylist prohibited. Francesca Tyler labor arbitrator (2). So he is the mortician. Neither Francesca nor Edith is the union

Gordon Jankowski union organizer organizer (7), so Gordon is. Although a cosmetologist needs to be tactful, it is not realistic to say that part of the job is doing what a labor arbitrator does, so Werner is not the labor arbitrator (4, since Bartholomew is the cosmetologist). Then Tyler is the labor arbitrator, and Werner is the hairstylist. pp. 18-19 Jessica doesn’t own the Packard or the Studebaker (2) or WIFE HUSBAND CAR the Hudson (5), so she owns the Kaiser. Frampton isn’t Anne Edgewood Gino Packard Bertram or Rex (4) or Gino (6), so he is Douglas. Then Jessica is not Frampton (5, Douglas) or Learned (2) or Cheryl Learned Bertram Hudson Edgewood (1, Kaiser), so she is MacArthur. The Learneds don’t own the Packard or the Studebaker (2), so they own Jessica MacArthur Rex Kaiser the Hudson. Gino is not Learned (3, Hudson) or MacArthur Nora Frampton Douglas Studebaker (3), so he is Edgewood. Jessica MacArthur is not married to Bertram (7, Kaiser), so she is married to Rex.

Then Bertram is Learned. Gino doesn’t have the Studebaker (3), so Douglas has it, and Gino has the Packard. Cheryl isn’t married to Gino (3) or to Douglas (3, Studebaker), so she is married to Bertram. Nora isn’t married to Gino (1, Edgewood), so Anne is, and Nora is married to Douglas. pp. 20-21 The information in the first paragraph of the problem will NAME TREAT STOOL be referred to below as *. Ina is not Stewart (2) or Taylor Ed Valera ice cream cone 3 (3, 5). Ina has Stewart on her immediate left (2), so she is not Valera (4). Then Ina is Underwood. She has Fred Stewart sundae 1 Stewart on her left (2) and Valera on her right (4), so Stewart and Valera are males (*). Then Hope is Taylor. Hope Taylor banana split 4 These The person who sat two seats away from Hope is Ina (*), Ina Underwood milkshake 2 so Ina ordered the milkshake (3). Males and females copyrighted alternated in the seating arrangement (*), so Valera (4), Stewart (2), the person who ordered the sundae (4), and the person who ordered the ice cream cone (3) are males. Valera didn’t order the sundae (4), so Stewart did, and so Valera ordered

the ice cream cone. This leaves Taylor to order the banana split. Combining what we have with pages clue 4, we have a partial seating arrangement: Stewart (sundae), Ina Underwood (milkshake),

Valera (ice cream cone). Then clue 3 says that Taylor was on stool #4. Since Ed was between are the two females (1), he is Valera. Then Fred is Stewart. digitally pp. 22-23 WEIGHT TO Combining clues 3 and 4, we have a partial ranking of the weight to NAME LOSE be lost: Nicholas <+2 Melissa <+3 Farley <+3 Peter <+2 Stuart. This coded Bernice Farley 10 kg says Farley has 5 kilograms less to lose than Stuart, so Bernice is Farley (1). Similarly, Adler is Nicholas (1). So we now have Nicholas with Christine Ericson 8 kg +2 +3 +3 +2

Adler < Melissa < Bernice Farley < Peter < Stuart. The next a unique Melissa Hamble 7 kg step is to combine this information with the information in clue 2. Christine <5 Durwood <2 Gladstone. The only possible way to

Nicholas Adler 5 kg combine this information is if Stuart is Gladstone, Peter is Durwood, buyer and Christine is between Melissa and Bernice Farley (Melissa <+1 Peter Durwood 13 kg Christine <+2 Bernice Farley). Christine isn’t Hamble (5), so Melissa identifier. +2 +1 Stuart Gladstone 15 kg is, and Christine is Ericson. Nicholas Adler < Melissa Hamble < Christine Ericson <+2 Bernice Farley <+3 Peter Durwood <+2 Stuart

Gladstone. Since we now have all six people listed, and since 5 kilograms is the least amount, Distribution we have the final result shown in the chart above. pp. 24-25 Dale is a woman (1). Morris is a woman who NAME STORE ITEM 1 ITEM 2 is

rode her bicycle to the drug store and back prohibited.

Adam Edgmont Vitamin sunglasses hand lotion (3), so Morris isn’t Dale (1, walked). Then Morris is Ginger. Harper is a man (2) but isn’t Dale Landon Reliable newspaper aspirin Adam (2), so Harper is Jason. Adam isn’t Landon (6), so he is Edgmont, and Dale is Ginger Morris Olson’s paperback book toothpaste Landon. The person who bought toothpaste Jason Harper Taylor City cotton balls fingernail file at Olson’s wasn’t Landon or Adam Edgmont (6) or Harper (2), so this person was Ginger Morris. The person who bought hand lotion wasn’t Dale Landon (1) or Harper (4), so Edgmont bought hand lotion. A paperback book wasn’t bought by Dale Landon (1) or Harper (4) or Edgmont (4, hand lotion), so Morris bought a paperback book. Neither Dale Landon (1) nor Adam Edgmont (5) bought cotton balls, so Jason Harper bought them. Then neither Jason Harper nor Edgmont went to Reliable Drug Store (5), so Dale Landon went there. Harper didn’t go to Vitamin Drugs (2), so Edgmont went there, and Harper went to Taylor City Drug Store. Harper (5, cotton balls) didn’t buy aspirin, so Landon bought it, and Harper bought a fingernail file. Edgmont didn’t buy a newspaper (4, hand lotion), so Landon bought it, and Edgmont bought sunglasses.

pp. 26-27 DEPARTURE The information in the problem’s opening NAME FROM TO TIME paragraph will be referred to below as *. Greta Darby Minneapolis Tacoma 4:15 From clue 1 and the first part of clue 3, we may list the order in which the flights Harry Capper San Francisco Detroit 2:45 departed: from San Francisco, to St. Louis, to New York City, Darby’s flight. Pairing this Isabel Bradley Chicago New York City 3:45 list with the list of departure times given, we Joseph Akers Washington, D.C. St. Louis 3:10 have from San Francisco, 2:45; to St. Louis, 3:10; to New York City, 3:45; Darby, 4:15. San Francisco is three hours behind eastern standard time. Chicago and Minneapolis are one hour behind eastern standard time, and Washington, D.C., is on eastern standard time. These Converting all departure times to eastern standard time, we have from San Francisco, 5:45; to St. Louis, 3:10 or 4:10; to New York City, 3:45 or 4:45; Darby, 4:15 or 5:15. Then Capper took copyrighted the flight from San Francisco (4). Capper didn’t go to St. Louis or NewYork City (schedule above) or to Tacoma (*), so he or she went to Detroit. Darby didn’t go to St. Louis or New York City (schedule above), so she or he went to Tacoma. Akers went from east to west (2), so Akers

didn’t go to New York City. Then Akers went to St. Louis, and Bradley went to New York City. If pages Darby, who flew to Tacoma, had left from Washington, D.C., then this flight time would have been

the longest of all four. But it wasn’t the longest (3), so Darby didn’t leave from Washington, D.C. are Darby didn’t leave from Chicago (3), so she or he left from Minneapolis. A flight from Chicago to digitally St. Louis is primarily north‑south, so Akers (to St. Louis) didn’t leave from Chicago (*). Then Akers left from Washington, D.C., and Bradley left from Chicago. The only flight which would take longer than Darby’s (Minneapolis to Tacoma) would be Capper’s (San Francisco to Detroit), coded so Capper is Harry (3). Darby, who flew west to Tacoma, is not Isabel (2) or Joseph (5), so

Darby is Greta. Isabel isn’t Akers (2), so Joseph is, and Isabel is Bradley. with a pp. 28-29 The book was given by a girl (5), but not by Angela (5), unique FIRST NAME LAST NAME GIFT so Carlotta gave the book. Then Angela gave Sharon

Angela Lansdowne game the game (7). Durwood is a girl (3) but isn’t Angela (3, buyer game), so she is Carlotta. Nardon (3), Forman (4), and

Carlotta Durwood book Kramer (5) are boys, so Angela is Lansdowne. lgor is identifier. not Forman or Nardon (6), so he is Kramer, and he gave Elias Nardon jigsaw puzzle the model airplane kit (2). Elias didn’t give the gift card

Harold Forman gift card (1), so Harold gave it, and Elias gave the jigsaw puzzle. Distribution A gift card isn’t something which is “put together” (6), Igor Kramer model airplane kit so Nardon is not Harold (6). Then Elias is Nardon, and Harold is Forman. is prohibited. pp. 30-31 Duane’s hair is yellow (1). Lopez is a male (2) but isn’t FIRST NAME LAST NAME HAIR COLOR Duane (2, yellow hair), so he is Elias. Mason is a female Catherine Inwell auburn with curly hair (1) and is not Jane (2) or Catherine (3, straight hair), so she is Harmony. The person with auburn Duane Klinger yellow hair is female (4) but isn’t Harmony (4) or Jane (6), so she is Catherine. The person with red hair isn’t Harmony Elias Lopez red (5, Mason) or Jane (6), so Elias has red hair. Fernandez Harmony Mason black isn’t Catherine (4, auburn hair) or Duane (4), so Jane is Fernandez. Catherine isn’t Klinger (3), so Duane is, and Jane Fernandez gray so Catherine is Inwell. Mason doesn’t have gray hair (5), so Fernandez does, and so Mason’s hair is black.

© 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 53 Mind Benders® Level 6 Detailed Solutions pp. 32-33 The men read to girls (1), so the women read PARENT LAST NAME CHILD STORY to boys. Jarvis’ child is not a girl (4), so Jarvis Beauty and Alice Garner Thomas is a woman. She isn’t Alice (2), so she is the Beast Kathleen. Garner is a woman (3) so she is Carlos Ellman Isabelle Snow White Alice. The women read Beauty and the Beast Hansel and Kathleen Jarvis Fernando and Hansel and Gretel to their children (2). Gretel Garner didn’t read Hansel and Gretel (3), so Little Red Paul Dorman Monica Riding Hood Jarvis read this, and Garner read Beauty and the Beast. Since Beauty and the Beast wasn’t read to Fernando (7), it was read to Thomas, and Fernando was read Hansel and Gretel. Isabelle’s parent is not Paul (5), so he is Carlos, and so Paul’s child is Monica. Since Carlos didn’t read Little These Red Riding Hood (5, Isabelle), Paul read this to Monica, and Carlos read Snow White. Then Carlos is not Dorman (6), so Paul is Dorman, and Carlos is Ellman. copyrighted pp. 34-35 Mr. Farmer, who went on a bicycle (3), is not HUSBAND WIFE LAST NAME FOOD Brad (1, car) or Homer or Edward (5), so he

Brad Lisa Garson potato salad is Ken. Mrs. Farmer, who also went on a pages bicycle (3), is not Moira (2, motorcycle) or Edward Moira Creighton iced tea Lisa or Daphne (5), so she is Norma. Brad, are

who went in a car (1), is not married to Moira digitally Homer Daphne Ordway bean salad (2, motorcycle) or Daphne (7), so he is Ken Norma Farmer apple pie married to Lisa. Then Brad and Lisa are not the Creightons (4, no car) or the Ordways coded (1), so they are the Garsons. Ordway went in a car (1), but Edward didn’t (6), so Edward isn’t Ordway. Then Homer is Ordway, and Edward is Creighton. The Farmers went on bicycles (3), with

the Garsons (Brad and wife) and the Ordways went in a car (1), and the other couple, who are a the Creightons, went on motorcycles (2). Then Edward Creighton is married to Moira (2), and unique Homer Ordway is married to Daphne. The apple pie was not taken by the Ordways (1), the

Creightons (6, Edward), or the Garsons (7, Brad), so the Farmers took it. Brad didn’t take iced buyer tea (1) or bean salad (7), so he took potato salad. Edward didn’t take the bean salad (6), so

Homer took it, and Edward took the iced tea. identifier. pp. 36-37 COLLECTION The newspaper drive, organized by a male FIRST LAST CHARITY METHOD (1), did not raise any money for United Way Distribution Burke Freeman March of Dimes newspaper (1), The Humane Society (3, female), or American Cancer Society (5), so it raised Irvin Ohmer United Way carnival money for March of Dimes. Irvin held a is

The Humane carnival (4), so the boy in clue 1 is Burke. prohibited. Pamela Easley door-to-door Society Irvin’s carnival didn’t raise money for The American roller skating Samantha Linton Cancer Society marathon Humane Society (3, female) or American Cancer Society (5), so it raised money for United Way. Samantha didn’t raise money by collecting door‑to-door (4), so Pamela did, and Samantha raised money by organizing a roller skating marathon. Freeman is not Irvin or Samantha (4) or Pamela (4, door‑to‑door), so he is Burke. The person who collected money for The Humane Society isn’t Ohmer or Linton (3), so she is Easley. Easley isn’t Samantha (2), so she is Pamela. Then Samantha raised money for the American Cancer Society. Pamela and Linton have met (3, The Humane Society), but Pamela and Irvin have not met (4, door-to‑door), so Irvin is not Linton. Then Irvin is Ohmer, and Samantha is Linton.

54 © 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 Mind Benders® Level 6 Detailed Solutions pp. 38-39 The receptionist is male (4) but isn’t Cass, FIRST NAME LAST NAME JOB BOSS since Cass’ boss is on vacation (5), but the Cass MacLeod bookkeeper Adams receptionist’s boss is not on vacation (4). So the receptionist is Edward. Garner isn’t the Edward Neale receptionist Drake boss of Cass (2), Edward (4, receptionist), or Joan (6), so Helen works for Garner. Kline, a Helen Kline file clerk Garner female (1), is not the bookkeeper (1). She executive Joan Lincoln Brown also is not the executive secretary, who has secretary been on the job for three years (3, 1). So she is the file clerk. Cass, who is almost the same age as Neale (2), is not the executive secretary (3) or the file clerk (1, Kline, a female), so he is the bookkeeper. Then the executive These secretary, who works for Brown (3), is Joan or Helen. She isn’t Helen (Garner), so she is Joan. Then Helen is the file clerk, which makes Helen’s last name Kline. Joan is not MacLeod (6) or copyrighted Neale (3, executive secretary), so she is Lincoln. Cass isn’t Neale (2), so he is MacLeod, and Edward is Neale. Neale doesn’t work for Adams (2), so MacLeod does, and Neal works for Drake. pages pp. 40-41 The owner of the solar powered car is female are FIRST NAME LAST NAME FUEL CAR (1) but isn’t Betty (1), so she is Mary Ann. digitally Alan Laramie gasohol Panther John doesn’t own the car powered by diesel fuel (6) or gasohol (3), so he owns the Betty Ferguson diesel Tiger electric car. Then John, the electric car coded owner, doesn’t have to stop at filling stations John Kelly electric Ostrich

to refuel, so he is not Ferguson (2). Also, he with Mary Ann Horton solar energy Camel isn’t Horton (5, female) or Laramie (6), so he a

is Kelly. Mary Ann, who owns the solar unique powered car, is not Laramie (1) or Ferguson (2), so she is Horton. Since the Panther is not powered by solar energy (2), Mary Ann Horton doesn’t own the Panther, nor does she own the buyer Tiger or the Ostrich (5). So she owns the Camel. Alan is not Ferguson (4, female), so he is

Laramie, and Betty is Ferguson. Ferguson doesn’t own the Ostrich (4) or the Panther (2), so she identifier. owns the Tiger. Betty’s Tiger is not powered by gasohol (3), so it uses diesel fuel. Then Alan’s car uses gasohol and is, therefore, the Panther (2). Then John’s car is the Ostrich. Distribution pp. 42-43 COAT COAT The buyer of the yellow coat is male (2) but NAME FOOTWEAR PATTERN COLOR isn’t Drake (2), so he is Edward. Edward

Agatha checkered gray boots didn’t buy the house slippers (2, yellow coat) is or the boots (1, female), or the oxfords (6, prohibited. Drake striped maroon house slippers red coat), so he bought the tennis shoes. One of the boys bought the house slippers Edward plaid yellow tennis shoes (5), so this person has to be Drake. Agatha Greta flowered red oxfords didn’t buy the oxfords (6), so she bought the boots, and so Greta bought the oxfords and the red coat (6). The flowered coat was not bought by Drake (2) or Edward (2, yellow coat) or Agatha (1, boots), so Greta bought it. Agatha didn’t buy the maroon coat (3, boots), so she bought the gray coat, and Drake bought the maroon coat. Drake didn’t buy the checkered coat (3, maroon), and neither did Edward (4), so Agatha bought it. Edward didn’t buy the striped coat (4), so Drake bought it, and Edward bought the plaid coat.

© 2011 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 55 Mind Benders® Level 6 Detailed Solutions pp. 44-45 Amanda’s sister (1) and Vera’s sister (2) FIRST NAME LAST NAME SISTER CHORE helped with the chores, but Lottie didn’t (6). Amanda Dryden Tammy pulled weeds Then Lottie’s sister is not Amanda or Vera, and she is not Wilma (6), so Lottie’s sister is Beatrice Howard Lottie mowed lawn Beatrice. Tammy’s sister isn’t Vera (2) or swept the Vera Jamison Ronnie Wilma (5), so she is Amanda. Kitty is not basement Vera’s sister (4), so she is Wilma’s sister, and cleaned the Wilma Fraser Kitty garage Ronnie is Vera’s sister. Vera helped someone else when she was through with her own chore (2), but Howard didn’t (8), so Howard is not Vera. Howard isn’t Wilma (7, Kitty’s

sister) or Amanda (8), so she is Beatrice. Jamison is not Wilma (5) or Amanda (5, Tammy’s These sister), so she is Vera. Wilma isn’t Dryden (3), so Amanda is, and Wilma is Fraser. The person who pulled weeds is not Beatrice (7, Howard) or Vera (4) or Wilma (4, Kitty’s sister), so she is copyrighted Amanda. Neither Beatrice (6, Lottie’s sister) nor Wilma (3) swept the basement, so Vera did. Beatrice didn’t clean the garage (7, Howard), so Wilma did, and Beatrice mowed the lawn. pages pp. 46-47 Jeannine likes all the drinks (4), so she isn’t Hooper (1), FIRST NAME LAST NAME DRINK Gardner (2), or Casey (8). Also, she isn’t Martin (6), so are Bernard Hooper lemonade Jeannine is Kulper. Since Martin doesn’t get along well with the person whose favorite is lemonade (5), but Martin digitally Dorothy Martin iced tea is a good friend of Jeannine (6), Jeannine’s favorite is not

lemonade. Also, her favorite drink is not iced tea or coded Edwin Gardner apple juice orange juice (4) or apple juice (6), so it is pineapple juice.

Faith Casey orange juice The orange juice drinker, who gets along with everyone with (3), isn’t Bernard (7) or Edwin (5) or Dorothy (3), so she is Jeannine Kulper pineapple juice a Faith. Martin doesn’t get along well with the lemonade unique drinker (5), but the orange juice drinker gets along well

with everyone (3), so Martin doesn’t drink orange juice. Martin doesn’t drink lemonade (5) or apple buyer juice (6), so he or she drinks iced tea. The lemonade drinker is not Casey (5) or Gardner (2), so he

or she is Hooper. Martin gets along well with at least two people (6) but Bernard doesn’t (7), so identifier. Martin is not Bernard. Martin isn’t Faith (orange juice) or Edwin (5), so Martin is Dorothy. Casey is female (8), so she is Faith. Edwin is not the lemonade drinker (5), so he isn’t Hooper. Then

Bernard is Hooper, and Edwin is Gardner and drinks apple juice. Distribution pp. 48 Andrew and Otis are men (1), so Taylor is a woman (1). FIRST NAME LAST NAME WORK

Taylor isn’t Betty (2), so Taylor is Donna. Robbins is a is prohibited. Andrew Norton electrician woman (4), so she is Betty. Andrew isn’t Otis (1), so Jerome is, and Andrew is Norton. A mason wouldn’t Betty Robbins carpenter finish work on a brick house before one of the other three

Donna Taylor plumber contractors even started working, so Donna Taylor is not the mason (1). She isn’t the electrician (2) or the Jerome Otis mason carpenter (5), so she is the plumber. Betty is not the electrician (2) or the mason (3), so she is the carpenter. A mason wouldn’t finish working on a brick house before an electrician started, so Andrew is the electrician and Jerome Otis is the mason (1).