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Case study 3 A major UK region , ,

CQ: How do I answer case study questions about Salford? Case study 3- A major UK region

Exam question – Causes, effects & consequences Case study – Salford, Manchester 4-12 marker + 3 SPAG You need to know: • Location of Salford • The causes of social and economic decline • How infrastructure has developed in Salford • Consequences of economic growth in Salford • Inequalities that still exist

THIS IS WHAT I NEED TO KNOW FOR THE EXAM Location • • Close to Manchester • Heart of • Head of The • Home to 200,000 people

Learn off by heart “Salford is located in North West England close to Manchester”. Causes of early industrial growth

• City grew in • Produced cotton for international trade • Lots of opened • In 1894 Manchester Ship Canal opened allowing for trade into the city • In the 1890s a large dock area () was built to accommodate the trade • Thousands of people employed in the docks • New communities surrounded them Causes of industrial decline

• In the 1960s and 1970s modern ships couldn’t access the canal • Over 3000 people lost their jobs • The docks were closed in 1982 • The land left after closure was derelict and contaminated • Surrounding communities fell into social problems • High rates of unemployment took over the area • Local housing areas fell into disrepair Causes of growth

• In the mid 1980s the government provided money from the ‘Urban Programme’ for regeneration • New offices and housing were built • Few jobs were created • In 1985 the Salford Development Plan was launched • SDP allowed for large growth through new projects • Since 2010 new investment has led to new jobs, industry, housing and green spaces Consequences of growth: Social

• New residential developments • Jobs for local people • clearance with modern, sustainable housing • Salford Council see a ‘modern global city’ by 2025. Consequences of growth: Economic

• Media City UK attracted 10,000 jobs to the area • Investment has added £1billion to the local economy since 2013 • New jobs for local Multiplier effect leads to new people and jobs but there are still inequalities in terms of a lack opportunities for of affordable homes. young people Consequences of growth: Infrastructure

• New homes – not affordable homes • New schools, colleges and University buildings • New location focused museums ( North) • Lowry building (Cost £64million) • Hew hospitals • New businesses and shops • New waterways and clean green spaces

Learn off by heart… “New infrastructure in Salford has lead to new jobs through new buildings, services and facilities”. Consequences of the growth of Salford

• Reduction in unemployment • Relocation/development of businesses/services • Multiplier effect • Redevelopment of buildings • Increase in workers, including from in-migration • Traffic congestion • Increased environmental pollution eg waste disposal • Increased house prices • Increased cultural diversity.

Learn off by heart… “New infrastructure in Salford has lead to new jobs through new buildings, services and facilities”. Consequences of the decline of Salford

• Closure of businesses • Loss of jobs • Outmigration • Decline in services and amenities • Dereliction of buildings.

Learn off by heart… “Decline in Salford lead to the social and economic decline of the city leading to counter-urbanisation”. Question 3 CASE STUDY – a UK major region Name your chosen place or region in the UK: ...... Evaluate the consequences of economic growth and/or decline for your chosen place or region in the UK. [12 Marks]

Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology [3 Marks] SPAG How to answer the question…

Salford is a major region located in the North West of England next to Manchester. It benefits from having access to the Salford Quays for trade and transportation purposes. (1- NAME AND LOCATE)

A consequence of economic growth is the redevelopment of old derelict buildings in the city. building is located on the site of former docks. Former industrial areas have been developed to provide new housing, facilities and services for local people. On the one hand, this acts a multiplier effect and creates more opportunities and services, but it does not create affordable housing and therefore increases existing social inequalities in the city.

(2- Pick “growth” or “decline” and use the wording from the question)

There have been new exciting industries and developments forming the future of the city, however these new jobs require qualifications and professional skills. There is a lack of ‘unskilled’ work available for the communities that lost out during the period of deindustrialisation. Overall, I think that there have been more benefits as a consequence of economic growth in Salford, however there is still some way to go in reducing levels of social and economic inequality in the region.

(3- Summary)