29.0£Cii?0 BI-LINGUAL NEWSPAPER OF CURRENT EVENTS IN THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS AND IN SCOTLAND SUPPORT GAELIC For £1 per annum you can JOIN AN COMUNN GAIDHEALACH Ahertarff House Inverness DI-ARDAOIN, 24mh LATH A DE’N AN DUDHLACHD 1970 FHJJRSDAY, 24th DECEMBER No. 98 Sixpence

SRUTH DRIES UP With the issue of 24th ted in the Treasury grants December 1970, SRUTH to An Comunn Gaidhealach, ceases to be an independent the formation of the Gaelic Highland newspaper. Books Council, the Gaelic Printed and published in School Texts Committee, Inverness for An Comunn the foundation of Club Gaidhealach, the Highland Leabhar Ltd (The Highland Association, SRUTH began Book Club) as a native pub- its existence in April 1967 as lishing concern, the setting the only truly bilingual news- up of An Cruinne as a paper in Scotland with news, Gaelic-speaking body and the features, editorial comment passing by Parliament of in both Gaelic and English. the National Mod (Scotland) Within a short time it had Bill. established for itself a repu- The healthy climate of tation for outspokenness on interest in Gaelic created by many matters which affected the fortnightly appearance of the Highlands and Islands of SRUTH for some four years Scotland and, particularly has been acknowledged by where these matters also Mr Donald John MacKay, touched on the Gaelic base retiring Director of An Com- of the region. unn Gaidhealach. The fact that the Gaelic Mr MacKay said yester- movement in Scotland had a day, “ Had it not been for contemporary medium of ex- the existence ■ of SRUTH pression did not escape the which gave Gaelic a much- attention of those who even- needed contemporary image, The number of guests at an island wedding is Usually large, and everyone is offered a tually recognised the worth much of what has been sit-down meal. The wedding preparations >are ' thus considerable. Our photo shows relatives of Gaelic as a culture and achieved would still remain of 'the couple plucking chickens destined for the reception table. the potential of its contri- to be done.” Photo: Kenneth Robertson. Daliburgh. South Uist. bution to the strength of The decision to cease pub- Highland society. lication of SRUTH was Both directly and indir- taken at a recent full meet- ectly, the recognition resul- (Continued on page 8) SAR 0BAIR-1965/70 Seo beagan de obair Cards, New Year Cards and Authorities Joint Committee A’Chomuinn Ghaidhealaich Calendars (latterly under- for Gaelic Text Books. In- o chionn coig bliadhna. Air taken by White Heather). creased Frequency of Broad- feadh na h-uine sin bha An Introduction of sales ele- casting T.V. and Radio— Comunn fo iuil Mgr. Domh- ment and crafts. Sruth bilin- V.H.F. Bonn Comhraidh nall Iain MacAoidh. Chaneil gual newspaper published. Gaelic Schools Broadcasts. facail mollaidh a dhith Mo Leabhar I & II published. Gaelic Schools Broadcasts nuair a sheallas duine air seo. Ceum air Cheum. Reprint of Committee with continuing Rinn e obair is saothair nach Reids. Bruidhneamaid Gaidh- commitment. Lectures over- meas faclan sam bith. Tha an lig. 2 x 20 lessons. R. Mac- seas in conjunction with Host seo ’na theisteanas do Kinnon, Donald Morrison. British Council, Scots Neth- CLUB LEABHAR a dhicheall agus do a shoir- Increase in Further Educa- erland Society. Lectures bheachadh. Tha sinn a’guidhe tion Classes in Gaelic. Pro- National Trust. Lectures soirbheachadh dha na obair motion of 21 pamphlets. University Celtic Societies. AVAILABLE ur ach tha sinn a’caoidh call House of Commons. M.P.’s sar dhuine is fear stiuiridh attendance at Mods and SHORTLY sonraichte. ’S AN DEALACHADH unity in Gaelic cause. Mods —traditional ceilidhs—ex- List of Developments— NOLLAIG CHRIDHEIL tension to nine days, inclu- Financial Assistance from sion of Drama. Music Lec- LUS-CHRUN A Scottish Education Depart- IS tures and Folk Groups. ment. Financial Assistance BLIADHNA MHATH UR Piping—John Players and from Local Authorities. Fi- Saltire Society. Competition GRIOMASAIGH nancial Assistance from ’NAN AM FHEIN Ceol Mor Recital. Fiddle short stories in Gaelic by Mary MacLean, North Uist (9s + p. & p.] Dewars, Gannachy Trust and Rally in co-operation with various firms. National Mod Additional performances to Strathspey and Reel Societies. Act. (Finance from District Edinburgh Festival in Glad- Gaelic in Primary Schools AVAILABLE NOW Councils). Academy Street stones Land with Saltire outwith Gaelic Area. Repre- retained in conjuction with Society. Restructuring of Or- sentations that Lecturer post Gaelic Society of Inverness. ganisation. Regional Councils be established in Aberdeen * A TALE TO TELL Acquisition of AbertarfT and Area Committees for- College of Education. Repre- House. Lease of Kings Sta- med. Census 1966 queried sentations re senior education Scottish historical short stories by Olive Squair (10s + p. & p.] bles acquired. Promotion of and republished as White post in Lewis. Introduction of 20 Lesson Record Course. Paper on Gaelic. Gaelic Sum- Gaelic in comprehensive • Establishing Information mer School re-established. stream in Nicolson Institute. Centres. Production of Re- Irish Contacts opened and Support for Comprehensive For details of Club membership write to: cords: Fonn, Bonn Oir, maintained. Minority Lan- education submissions in Seann Or, Seinn, now to be guage contacts made. Mino- Lewis. Gaelic Quiz. History CLUB LEABHAR, Abertarff House, commercialised in conjunc- rity Language Report pub- and Folklore Competition for Church Street . Inverness tion with Thistle Records. lished 1967. Gaelic Books Schools. Relaxation of G.T.C. Production of Christmas Council established. Local (Continued on page 8) TWO SRUTH, Di-ardaoin, 24mh An Dudhlachd 1970 DI-ARDAOIN. 24mh AN DUDHLACHD. 1970 THURSDAY. 24th DECEMBER, 1970 A’ Leughadh II R1UTSA, A LEUGHADAIR De is fuing obrach do dh’ gun gabh bard no fear ealain eantas’ chi sinn gun gabh an Tha a h-uile ni anns an t-saoghal seo a’tighinnbhl adhn gu edeir-0 fhear ealain sam bith. De am a tha feuchainn ri cus a chur duan seo a roinn a suas mar eadh uair no uaireigin agus mar a tha eann' ar %fsb heh \ brod, “an doruinn” aig Som- comhla de na bloighean seal- a leanas. Chaneil seo ri radh criochnachadh tha sinne a’ruigheachd c 8 J hairle Mhic Illeathain, a tha laidh sin, ach mus urrainn e gu bheil gach earrann co-che- bharrachd air an sin, far a bheil dorus a dunadh tha doms toirt air fear ealain gleachd chronachadh feumaidh da rud angailte no eadar dhealaichte a’fosgladh, agus tha a’ bhliadhna ur daonnan a leanntaann le mhac mheanmhnain is a bhith fo chomhair luchd gu tur bo cheile. Chaneil e an t-seann te. Bithidh sinn a’ nochadh arms cGhaseit a diomhaireachd inntinn chun cronachaidh is e sin, doigh ach mar a tha mise ’ga fhaic- Steomabhagh an deidh seo agus feuchaidh sinn n ar toil- an rud a chruithicheas e rannsachaidh an fhear ealain inn. Bithidh atharrachadh eachadh is ri ar feargachadh is toirt oxrbh smaoineach chuir ann am modh seas- air an fhirinn agus a dhoigh seallaidh aig a h-uile leughad- adh oir a bharrachd air naidheachdan nach e sin bonn mhach? Anns an latha ’n foillseachaidh de’n fhirinn. air air. Tha e cha mhor lan steidh gach paipear naidheachd? 'Tjha moran aig an am seo diugh thatar a’lorg rudeigin Tha sinn a nis air smior na chinnteach nach e seo mar a a bhitheas bronach aig an am seo, teaghlaichean nam fear ann an snaidhteadaireach sta- cuise a ruigheachd. Feumaidh cruthaich e ann an inntinn as an Rosebud 11,a chaidh a chall le gabhadh air sgeirean ilinn, ann am boidheachd am pios ealain an fhirinn a an ughdair. nan Torr aig ceann an ear a dheas Muile. Bithidhdubha teagh-b soluis. Bheil uiread ri lorg ann rannsachadh agus aig an aou (a) an tadhail; cuimhne; laichean nan daoine a chaillear an Coirea gu math ^ ’ an ealain obann mar theirear am fhoillseachadh. Tha bea- breithneachadh. bronach cuideachd. An lorg sin tha a chuibhle daonnan dol ris ’s th’ann an ni seasmhach Thadhail mi’n de air mun cuairt gu sona airson cuid aon uair agus gu dona air- mar leabhar bhardachd. Tha- seann charaid son cuid eile uair eile. Chaidh i mun cuairt dhuinne cuid- tar a radh gum bi fior ealain “Chaidh mi thadhal air eachd agus ged a tha sinn duilich bhith leigeil ar dreuchd le D.M.Q. mo charaid,” dhinn an drasda tha sinn an dochas gum bi dorus no dha gu siorruidh agus iaodar sin “Cha ruiginn-sa leas mo ann a dh’fhosglas dhuinn. . a radh mu ealain cbann oir chabhag.” Tha moran dhuilgheasan an cois bhith cur n cheile paip- maraidh e cho fada ’sa tha e tha an duine a’sior mheudach- (b) A’fas comhla gu inbhe- ear naidheachd, ged nacheil e tighinn a mach agus feum- ann an sealladh an fhir a adh agus a’mhor shuim de achd, an inntinn ’s an aidh e bhith air a radh nach! ann gun chuideachadh moran chunnaic e. Anns an Smith- dh’eolais; de dh’eachdraidh corp, dhaoine a b’urrainn seo a bhith; na daoine a sgnobh, na onian Institute an an Wash- laitheil, e thachartasan a dh’ “Dh’aitich sinn uair an aon daoine a leugh, na daoine a chuir a stigh sanas reic, na ington D. C. tha leusair aca fhairicheas e, agus de na fair- fheannag,” daoine a a dh’fhoillsich, na daoine a roinn a mach e gach a’dearrsadh air sgathain phr- eachdaidhean a thig a steach “Mas dainig ire air an Di-Ciadaoin, na daoine a bha taipeadh, na daoine a bhros- ism a tha suidhichte air mul- air is a theid a mach as. An fhocann,” naich e. Tha na ceudan ann is chaneil de rum againn anns lach fuaimhearan as a bheil lorg sin tha e nadurra ann an “Ag aiteachadh goirtean an iris seo a bheir taing dhaibh uile ach tha sinn gu mor ceol a tighinn. Tha crith an doigh gum bi ealain a’sior caol e.” nan comain agus tha ar fior thaing aca. fhuaim a’cur crith anns an t- mheudachadh an t-suim a (c) Tachartasan comhla rei (b) Tha an drasda cunnart mor ann gum bi ar doighean solus agus nuair tha tri soluis chuireas e am follais agus a “Dh’ol sinn bloigh an aon siubhail air an gearradh a sios agus air am fagail cho duilich iomadh dhathte a’dearrsadh rannsaicheas e. Ach aig an am drama ’sa ghabhas e bhith. Thig da rud an lorg sin (a) cha tig air siota gheala tha na cruth- chan urrainn dha geurad Roimh am fuarachadh daoine a steach do’n Ghaidhealtachd ni motha cha till na an ag atharrachadh leis a h- modh, geurad tuigse a chall oirnn.” Gaidheal ma dh’fhalbhas iad; (b) bithidh e cho duilich is uile puing de’n cheol agus a no cha bhi e chum feuma idir. (d) Nithean smuain is dragh, cho daor gach goireas a thoirt a steach airson beatha is beo- reir’s de seorsa ceol a th’ann. Nuair a tha ealain ceangailte “ ’S air boidhehead blath shlaint a chumail a’dol gun sgriosar an duthaich, gu h- De thatar a’lorg an sin. Thu- ri modh ro sheasmhach tha e nan caileag,” araidh an taobh an lar air fad. Cheana tha prisean air bhairt cuid agus tha iad ag moran nas duilghe chuir air “A shuaicheantas gleidhte bataichean Mac a’Bhruthain muladach is cha ruig iad a leas radh gu bheil a’lorg firinn. De bhonn. Tha seo gu sonruichte ann am maise,” a bhith. Aon eisimpleir eadar an t-Oban is Creag an lubh- nis a th’ann am firinn, de'n fior nuair a tha ealain cean- “Eala bhith is neoinean.” air ann am Muile tha caraichean a’paigheadh a cheart uir- firinn a tha ann, am puing- gailte ri canain is e sin bard- '(e) inbheachd, iomagainean ead airson da fhichead mibnaid is deich mile air muir is a chruth tiotannach air siota achd no rosg. Nuair a tha eal- na h-ama sin, a’chrioch tha iad a’paigheadh eadar Tairbeart Loch Fine is He, da gheal. ’S docha gun gabh e ain ag obair troimh mhodh a araid. uair is ceathramh ih deich mile fichead air muir — ach aon radh gu bheilear a lorg firinn tha druidhteach chum nam “Am cruadhachaidh claig- rud, tha Aiseagan an lar a’ruith gu He cuideachd ma thrath. ann an suidheachadh no suid- faireachdaidhean agus a tha inn, Tha loinn a’Chaoil a nis gu bhith fosgailte gus an ath Fhog- heachaidhean araid. Tha Jean neo-fhaclach, seo far a bheil is diochuimhne air saors’ hair. Nuair a chuireas clann nan Gaidheal an guailleann ri Paul Satre ag radh, a measg an neart aig an dealbh dath- bhalach,” cheile’s beag nach dean iad. Tha creag dhaingeann Mhirun fheadhainn eile, gu bheilear ach, bitheadh e na dealbhan O boidhehead blathan na Mhor nan Gall air fuasgladh. Chaneil a nis a dhith ach gum a’riaghladh ar beatha agus aig Picasso no eadhon daoine claise,” bi i air a rolladh thairis air a’bhearradh. An sin faodar a gun tig sinn chun an fhirinn nan uamh ann am Peripignon Stad mo lamh air leach radh le cinnt, “Bliadhna Mhath Ur dhuibh uile!” troimh gach rogha is taghadh no an leusair anns an Smith- fhuar ’san urainn, a ni sinn. Ma thaghas sinn sonian. Nuair a tha ealain Cha ghluais e a baile gu NON OMNIS MORIAR nithean araid a suidheachadh ceangailte ri canain tha aon suthain. a tha sinn de’n bheachd a tha duilgheadas mor air beulaibh ’Se eachdraidh beatha th’ This is our last editorial, appearing as it does in the final dealbhadh an t-suidheachaidn luchd sgrudaidh — feumaidh anns an duan air fad is troimh issue of SRUTH as an independent Highland newspaper. no a’follaiseachadh firinn no iad a bhith eolach air meuran tha bloighean dhealbhan us We thank all those who have supported us for almost four fior smior an t-suidheachaidh. is freumhan gach canain. Cha cuimhne a’breacadh an t- years in a task which on occasion was thankless, but with An lorg sin, ’se an dealbh tiot. dean eadar-theangachadh fe- seallaidh. Tha seo gu h-araidh which we persevered in order to obtain a specific end nearer annach no grunn dhealbhan um idir a chionns gu bheil follaiseach nuair a thoireas to realisation. Many of our supporters (and they have writ- thiotannach a thogar ann an bias, snas is smior na cainnte sinn suil air siubhal nan iom- ten to tell us so!) have not always agreed with what we Smithsonian fior smior an eal- a’dol air chall. haigh anns an duan seo. have said; but they travelled the same road with us and in ain sin. Thaan oidhirp ni seo Nuair a tha canan beag a’ (1) ursainn baile doing so contributed in spirit to the achievement of the a chur air bhonn seasmhach feuchainn ri ealain laidir a goirtean caol common goal. ni fhaicinn an an Guernica aig chumail beo tha an duilghead- (2) feannag earrach .... While Gaelic is, of course, the most accessible and re- Picasso is an dan Bislarta aig as air a dhublachadh is a .... blathan na claise cognisable aspect of the Highlander, we, with many others Seoras Hay. thrioblachadh a chionns nach- (3) am analach gu suth- have supported Gaelic because of a much wider concept: Tha am modh obrach seo eil ann de luchd ceannach a ainn a cearcall dhe- that the culture based on Gaelic and the larger Celtic ri fhaicinn cuideachd ann an thoireas saorsa do dh’fhear oraich. psyche is worth preserving and still has much to contribute iomadh sgriobhadh, a’feuch- ealain a bheo-shlaint a chaith- (4) cluich agus ceol sa- to the general spiritual and material well-being of man. ainn ri smior na cuise a thar- eamh a’rannsachadh na fir- ors bhalach That this is so is because of the ability of the minority raing a mach, nb a thoirt air inne agus chaneil, gu math car a mach a airceall a to see life and its living in terms of the individual and the an sgrudaire an smior a thar- trie, gu leor a dhaoine ann a chinneadh dhaonna sua- community in which he and his family unit live with raing a mach de dhealbhan thuigeas a chuid cbrach is a icheantas. others. In the present time when ‘bigness’ is lauded as the luatha de gach seorsa. Tha leigeas dha bhith fior-ainmeil (5) comhradh chaidh ultimate human goal, the voices of the smaller units are eisimpleir shonraichte dhe seo a measg luchd-ealain an t- mi thadhal a cear- so much more important. anns an dan ‘Lamhan’ le saoghail. Is ann ainneamh a call dheoraich.” Tomorrow sees the celebration of Hodie, and all that the Ruairidh MacThomais. Tha bhitheas ainm bard Ghaid- Tha na siubhalan sin fhein occasion implies. Obligations should be discharged, pro- cuid ann cuideachd a tha dol healach air bilean an t-sluagh ’nan eachdraidhean de bhloig- mises fulfilled; faith renewed; a re-charging of the spirit nas fhaide na seo ’sa ghleachd ionnsaichte mar a tha T. S. hean is de thachartasan beat- should take place; and an attempt to see our fellows in our leis an inntinn, is e sin a’cur Eliot no Satre. Chaneil sin ri ha. own light should be made. It is a sad reflection on almost am follais doigh obrach na h- radh gu bheil luchd ealain na Nuair a tha iad sin uile air two millenia of Christian years that it still requires the inntinne le bloighean dheal- Gaidhlig cail air dheireadh an cur ri cheile ’se sin suim a small voices of individuals and minorities to get so many bhan. Chithte seo gu araid air luchd ealain ann an canain shuaicheantais airson a char- things into the correct perspective. anns an sgeulachd ghoirid aig sam bith. Tha bardachd Mhic aid, suim a thuigse de’n da- There is a sore need for some kind of unity in the world, Iain Mac A’Ghobhainn “An Amhlaigh dian, cruaidh, suim- imh a bh’eatorra; suim each- of the kind that transcends over all petty human differences, Cuan ’s na Faoileagan.” eolach gu leor a thaobh tach- draidh beatha charaid, anns of the kind, perhaps, that exists in the French community Nuair a sheallas duine a artas sam bith an latha ’n an duan seo tha ealain obann (Unanimite dans le pluralisme) in Taize. There, something mach air uinneig tha e faicinn diugh a rannsachadh cho agus ealain sheasmhach air an like a new approach to life and living is being slowly gen- a h-uile ni ann ah aon bhloigh math ’sa rannsaicheas a’ cur ann an co-chuir ann a erated and the resultant enlightenment is being spread to tuigse is chaneil e gabhail ach mhodh cheudna ann an can- leithid de dhoigh gu bheil many corners of the world. This is what is needed. tiotan seo a dhruidheadh air ain sam bith eile. Ma sheallas smior an da dhoigh air a Bliadhna Mhath Ur Dhuibh Uile’s Beannachd leibh-se. inntinn. Leis an sin ’s docha sinn air an duanaige ‘Suaich- chumail gu siorruidh. SRUTH, Di-ardaoin, 24mh An Dudhlachd 1970 THREE NIGHT-LINES by an appeals court as being “ constitutional.” This new collection of Review Order Dr Macleod finds little en- short stories by the Irish couraging in the world novelist John MacGahern sonal experiences as a head reminding us that the human a sentence in which there is around us and, finding Man takes us over a wide range stalker for some 19 years in species of animal can be and both despair and hope: “ If far from being the Homo of settings people with an a deer forest. usually is more cruel than there will be Divine inter- sapiens he vaunts, believes equally wide range of char- The tableau is full of wild the so-called lesser creatures. vention, let it not be by that imprisoned by the illogic acters. All are somehow animals: fox, badger, wildcat, < Highland Deer Forest ” some jealous tribal god of of his many “isms,” his shabby, left-overs of a pro- roe deer, golden eagle. Like a by Lea MacNally; 40s; J. M. some divisive religion, but by doom is sealed and inevit- cess that has taken the best silent watcher he has obser- Dent & Sons, Ltd., Aldine a universal God of all men.” able, and is not so distant people away from Mac- ved wild life in close-up, House, Bedford Street, Lon- Dr Macleod believes that as the hopeful, or the religi- Gahem’s places and the best recorded and photographed don. organised religion has been ous, fantasize. Only the “ad- out of the people who are the on-goings of these one of the most divisive ventists” among the religious left. creatures and drawn his own forces in history, and has await the “second coming” But there is also left a kind lessons from his observa- grave responsibility for much with seemingly joyful antici- of animal strength, observed tions. of what went before, if pation. As to whether the in close and relentless detail As a stalker MacNally has under its aegis we may now awesome prophecy of St by the author. One under- more than a passing interest THE CRISIS OF include the Cult of Com- John will come to pass stands why his writing has in conservation, though it AUTHORITY munism as having almost within the lifetime of people been widely acclaimed by must often be difficult to religious significance to the now alive is moot, but clear- critics outside his own forecast the right kind of Asked the question-Why fanatical among its adher- ly Man now has the means, country, while all poor Eire balance on an estate which a new book about unrest in ents. The question of Ameri- and sooner or later it can can do, maybe in justifiable must surely feel the effects society and rebellious tend- can “imperialism,” especi- come and can happen in its self-defence, is to ban his of the indiscriminate use of encies and behaviour in ally since World War 11, awful detail— books. pesticides and the various youth? the author of a new takes subtle routes rather For “Alas, alas for the kinds of poison which man- book on the subject, “ The than the more obvious and great city, where all who There are twelve stories of kind seems intent on using Crisis in Authority,” Dr cataclysmic happenings in had ships at sea grew rich on varying length, the longest, a with little thought for the Kenneth I. E. Macleod, who Korea and Vietnam. Ameri- her wealth! Alas that in a long-short, being set in short- and long-term effects is Health Commissioner of can commercial interests, single hour she should be southern Spain. Another on wild life all over the Cortland County, New York for example, are presently laid waste!” (Revelations 13). violent piece of writing country. The book is useful State, replied that, like many upset because the India “ The Crisis in Authority ” takes place on a building from one viewpoint at least, another commentator on the Government have restricted by K. I. E. Macleod; pub- site in London. The rest are in that those of us who are current scene, “ I, too, have patents, and are actively lished by Vantage Press, set in Ireland. hazy about the work of a my opinions, feelings, and^— protesting in that country. New York. With the natural gift for stalker must now revise our hopefully—certain special in- The United States may expression which the Irish image and place him in the sights, based on experience have come in under a ban- have, one looks for extra ‘ essential work ’ category of in life on at least three con- ner which asserted that there qualities and MacGahern has employment. tinents.” would be no taxation of the DORCHA TRO GHLA1NNE — these. Sympathy, tenderness, MacNally, thankfully, in- Pointing out that violence colonists without represen- GAIRM 1970 the harshness of life, the ex- dicates that the well-man- is “ by no means a new tation, yet in these times cited expectation of events aged estate is an asset in phenomenon in the long today, America’s commercial le Domhnall lain MacLeoid as they take over people, the cartain parts of the High- history of what one author empire has spread its ten- beingThough written to beentirely congratulated in Gaelic or roughness of the rural char- lands. has termed a ‘ killer ’ ape- tacles into almost every the effect is considerably marred acter and their nochalant “While the official cry was man, and is certainly as old country in the West as in by mis-spellings — beginning with acceptance of crudeness as a still ‘Avert depopulation in as Cain and Abel,” Dr Mac- South America, and, in the title (tro for troimh). Some norm of human nature and the Highlands,’ little was leod reminds us that Socra- effect, “ dictates,” usually be- errorsto dialect are pardonablebut others asas —pertinent deun- not a deviation: all these are done to aid estates to do this tes, in his time, pholoso- hind the scenes to the local amh — ’s docha, do not conform contained in the stories. by maintaining families in phised on the unruly youth powers, sometimes with dire to the accepted standard forms It would depend on who traditional Highland employ- who disrupted the peace of results, ultimately adverse to particularly if the book is to be you are, what you are, and ments. Increased mechani- Athens. “ 1 believe it was the real American interests, as text-book.considered as a possible Gaelic where you are, to choose one sation, higher wages and French who stated in their in Cuba and Egypt. “Feoil a ’Gheamhraidh' is fact- of the stories as the most taxes and finally the iniquit- marvellously intuitive lan- These matters are given in ual account of a common event appealing. Indeed, an atti- ous burden of Selective Em- guage—The more things more detail in Dr Macleod’s ladin highlandtrying to lifesteel with himself the toyoung ac- tude to life would also dic- ployment Tax ensured that change, the more they are book. As to the state of cept his father’s actions — all in tate your acceptance of more and more natives left the same!” nigh-revolution in the United a day’s work. '‘Chuir athair uime some of the tales at least. the glens and the employ- Somewhat akin in his out- States, Dr Macleod describes eilea sheacaid — breac-dhearg." agus rinn e Gaeliccigarette is But they are all entertaining, ments they had been used to. look to that of Paul at some length, the causes, used here as a medium of expres- full of wit, both delineated “When I went to Culcachy Ehrlich of Stanford Uni- as he understands them, sion for a specifically highland and hidden, and above all a first the private staff con- versity, Dr Macleod quali- suggesting that old-style Law happening and conveys a very- joy to read. An excellent sisted of a housekeeper, fies his “doomsday” philo- and Order is by no means er.authentic atmosphere to the read- collection. cook, chauffeur, gardener sophy by stating that he enough, that there has to be “Falach Fead” — Superficially ‘ Night-lines’ by John Mac- and stalker. On the farm really considers himself “an true Justice, the same for the Rarrative is lacking in unity Gahem; 30s; Faber & Faber were a manager whose wife optimistic pessimist,” be- one as for all. In a new book with some obscure link between Ltd., 24 Russell Square, was employed in the dairy, cause “ I think Man is too (Crime in America) Ramsey confessesthe drunkards to likingand Normanpoetry. whoBut London, W.C.l. a cattleman with a son and stupid to effectively destroy Clark, the Attorney General broken up into its component daughter also employed, two all life,” and that “in any in the last Administration parts it is not without merit in shepherds with an extra hel- case, there will probably be agrees that “criminal justice” words such as ‘chiortlaich’’ " a’ per at lambing-time, and life on the earth long after exists, here, only in theory, spioladh,”“beul a chomha-thrath, and idioms smuidsuch aigas three farmhands, a maximum Man is no more, even if all and that “civil justice” ex- air oran, ceann tuaileis a chum- HIGHLAND DEER of sixteen. that may remain will be the ists only for the 10% who arh, faobhar ri teanga airson “When I left there were a algae his production of deter- can afford the lawyers. Even seachdain eile.’’ The author enters FOREST farm manager whose wife gents and other nutrients the prisoners are now de- theportrays children’s their worldminds of easilygames and One reads Lea MacNally’s helped in the dairy, one shep- help to populate the waters manding their “civil rights.” imagination effectively. second book of Highland herd, two farmhands and of the earth in a horrible, all- The hypocrisy so damned by “An Comhradh": As is typical nature with more than a myself.’’ embracing, green slime, and the young in the Establish- offor thethoughts author, which it provideslinger on foodin a touch of envy. For here is a MacNally has observed all of these waters, like the ment so-called, and evident oerson's mind after the story has man whose life is lived out wildlife society with a keen once beautiful and life-pro- in a thousand and one ways, been read — supporting the valid- in detail with the rhythms of eye, with delicious detail, moting Lake Erie, are is surely underscored, when ity of the title: As a rule it is nature, and has the added with sympathy for the trials ‘dead’.” Dr Macleod observes one reads what former U.S. afterplace thethat conversationthe implications has takenreach ability of being facile with on bad days, and the joys of that it was the sight of a Chief Justic Warren has to home. One strong objection I both camera and pen. The living on the good days of photograph depicting Blacks say about the drug problem, have, which is also prevalent in whole combines to give a the creatures he met up with leaving the Administrative asserting that “ the drug “Granny anns a chornair” are the good two hours of immediate on his days out on the moors Building at Cornell Univer- problem would not exist enceover workedof the Bibleideas andof theGod's preval- will entertainment with plenty and hills. Altogether a book sity (Ithaca, N.Y.) brandish- without corruption in gov- at a time of death in the High- opportunity for recaps, re- to be recommended and de- ing long guns that stirred his ernment. “ But the poor lands. plays and all the advantages serving of the same degree of imagination and compelled always get poor justice. The “Racnaid” : fts simplicity makes which, thank God, the reader success which came the way him to write about that and “ big ” promoters in the youngstersit a very effective particularly story asfor itisland em- still has available to him in of his first book. many other matters. illicit drug business seem to bodies their own environment and this day and age of micro- The photographs are ex- The book deals with far get away with it while, as in interests. this and micro-that which cellent. Some I am glad he more than the rebellion in one western State, an unfor- ic “Anas Dealachadh”:an effective mediumShows Gael- for threaten the very existence put in the book, such as the youth; it touches upon the tunate victim caught with more than a specifically highland and relevance of the book as head, legs and gralloch of a Church, Society as a whole, one marijuana cigarette in story. Is it all a figment of vivid we know it today. hind shot by road-gang and the World situation. The his possession is given a nervous imagination with sensat- Different from the author’s poachers, lying beside the final chapter, captioned — thirty-year sentence, and the variousions and stages: colours “Dh’fhasadh to portray anail the Highland Year, this book pitiful still form of an un- Life or Death by Incinera- repressive laws under which a’choin fuar air fallus mo dhroms” deals with the author’s per- born calf. Unpleasant but tion, the Choice—ends with he is so sentenced are upheld (Continued on page 7) FOUR SRUTH, Di-ardaoin, 24mh An Dudhlachd 1970 IRIOSLACHD Is beag air an t-saoghal thu VALHALLA OF LEWIS ’ghraidh Boireannach a gab- hadh sogan, boireannach aig Now that the ferries to the a far cry from his native Lewis. a bheil sgrathal agus nach eil Western Isles are in. operation, by FRANCIS THOMPSON There are others, of course, but posda. The thus nad chrois many interesting sites of historical braveonly thethe head-highwell-protected nettles would and a ’ghaoil a reir coltais. B’fhe- thosesignificance who arewill visitingbe the thegoal Isles of Columba’s stands — is ‘Ui,’ pro- of the walls inside the church, giant dockens that grow in great udar dhuinn do phaisdean a for the first time. And one of the nounced “eye.’ ’ bears a life-size effigy said to be profusion in summertime. It would thoirt bhuat, b’fheudar dhu- most interesting to see is the old resting-placeAlso, just asof Ionamany is ofthe Scot-last thatIt dates of fromRoderic about Vllth the endof Lewis.of the take no little effort to remove the inn gad thilgeil mach as do church of St. Columba, just a few land's kings, so St. Columba’s, on fifteenth century. Still fairly well whataccumulation lies on ofthe decades ground to exposeof the thaigh agus gad ghlasadh miles west of Stornoway. a smaller scale, is the valhalla of preserved and defined, it shows churchyard. anns an Taigh Mhor. in Saintthe yearColumba’s 563 A.D. landing was inlike Iona a many of the Chiefs of the Siol the typical dress and armour of a It seems a great pity that a Tha h-uile cail rianall a stone being tossed into a large TraditionTorquil, thehas MacLeodsit that no ofless Lewis. than Highland chief of the period. building of such historical and rithist mar bu choir dha horizon-reaching loch. A man nineteen ofi them are buried here wallAnother has an slabelaborate on the foliage-and- opposite ecclesiastical interest should be bhith. Chan fhaigh thu deoch head and shoulders above the men abouts, though their graves cannot interlace pattern; an inscribed ableleft tospoliation face, unaided, of time andthe weath-inevit- far a bheil tha. Tha do chlann spreadof his totime, every Columba’s remote cornerinfluence of now be identified. stone at its foot indicates that it er. As one wanders round the sabhailt comhla ri cudeiginn the then wild kingdom of the buildingThe presentis in two long-and-narrowparts: a smaller commemmorates the daughter of walls, thick-set against the winds eile. Saoil a bheil iad gad’ Piets. And for long after his rectangular portion, 23ft by 16ft, whoRoderic was Vllth the mother of Lewis, of John,Margaret the from the Minch, one feels, how- ionndrainn? Bheil thusa gan death, his disciples and adherents which leads into a larger portion, last Abbot of Iona. This latter ever,will bethat standing St. Columba's for a very at longEye ionndrainn? Chan ioghnadh carriedlove for theman good both news far andof God’swide. 62ft by 17ft. The thick dividing reference strengthens further the time yet. For it seems to exude ged a bitheadh. Ach tha h-uile One of those followers was wall,grass, nowcontains covered a verywith fineovergrown barrel link between the two sacred the very essence of the everlasting cail ,rianaoil nist nach eil? Saint Catan, who made the peril- arch over the access door. The inplaces. 1503. Margaret MacLeod died defying the passage of time, as do Ach de mud dheighainnsa ous journey in a small curragh of windows of the building are in- But there are others besides overhead:the keening thecries same of thesounds seagulls that falachte sin ’s an Taigh Mhor. the Irish type across the restless ternally splayed which feature, MacLeods buried hereabouts. connect the present day with De bha dhith ort’s tu fhein duringwaters theof sevenththe Minch century. of Lewis alongmasonry, with indicates the character that the oflarger the “Black William,” the fifth Earl of Saint Catan, the man who came is do chridhe bhriste? Is Up past the forbidding, high- part is the older. The masonry is enemiesSeaforth, of lies his ancestors.among the A Jacob-sworn alone to this shore twelve hund- docha nach inseadh thu co- cliffed rocky shores of the Lewis thought to resemble Norman con- red years ago. dhuibh. Bha thu riamh iriseal his frail craft made its slow way struction to some extent. ’ghraiah. Bha eagal ort riamh North, until the great mass of The building, which is con- roimh an t-saoghal. Innsidh thebefore Island’s him. Straightpeninsula into loomed the arms up lastingstructed Lewisianwith hard gneiss,centuries’ inter- — mise mata air do shon, m’ of a welcoming broad bay Saint mingled with warm red sandstone, eudail bhochd. Tha fhios a’m Catan went to set foot on a has been repaired several times gur e duine gasda a bha dhith round-pebbled beach. There he during its existence. There was ort, duine dileas coibhneal a ofbuilt wattle for himselfand wood, a simple which shelter was material,never any for difficulty the nearby in gettingshores dheanadh dhuit taigh is clan to be the starting and finishing provide plenty of it. The church mar an ceanda. Tha fhios point of many a journey through- was slated and was in use until nach d’fhuair thu a leithid do out Lewis. He must also have the turn of the present century. It dhuine agus gun deach an whatvisited was the thefew genesis scattered of thehuts town of is Thenow nameroofless. of St. Columba’s of gnothach cearr ort gu buil- now called Stornoway, a name de- Eye has cropped up frequently in each. Tha fhios nach fhaigh rived from the Norsemen who literary references, which latter thu fear nist agus gun do cha- wereuries later.to come a couple of cent- usesmainly to referwhich tothe the building eccliastical was in thu do chlann fhein, agus In time Saint Catan died and put during its lifetime. gu bheil thu nad aonar’s an left his teachings behind him. In 1506 a precentor, lohn Poyl- taigh mhor. With the passage of years his son, received a presentation of Tha mi eolach ort agus cha humble shelter became a place of the Rectory of Ui. In the next chan mi gur e droch bhoir- reverence. However, it was not half-century or so, the church is eannach no crois a tha aun- Saint Catan’s name that came ev- still described as a Rectory, the nad Carson a chaineann s’ mi cuimhnich air do dheoir is d’irioslachd. Nach beannaich. te co-dhiubh, iad a tha ri bron is tha macanta. M DIIDHLACH Bodach lapach, rocas breo- ite is mi fhin sinn uile comhla air feasgar fuar ann am mead- hainn an Dudhlaich. Bodach ’s mi fhein a feitheamh air bus rocas feitheamh ris am bas a thigeadh roimh n’ mhaduinn. Now that tourism is playing a Feahgar ciuin fuar a bha hisite supporterpossessions of thewere, Old for Pretender his al- part in the economy of Lewis, the ann le reothadh sgriosal. Feas- leigance, taken over by the Crown preservation and restoration cf gar cho samhach is gun cluin- and he had to flee to France. In this old church should be high on near nan feoragan a’ gluasad later years he was allowed to sociation.the list of the local Tourist As- ’s na neadan aca. Bha an doil- returnpardon. to He Scotland died in and 1740, granted an at- a It would take little effort to or- learachd a’ teannadh oirnn on tainted rebel. ganise a squad of willing helpers Ard an Ear agus chunnas Also buried in the church to clean up the church and the corra rionnag. Bha solus buid- grounds is one of the most fam- surroundingstill, it would grounds. not take And, much better to he dearg’s an Ard an lar far ericous ofMorison. Highland Born harpers: in Lewis Rod- in produce a short write-up so that an robh a’ ghrian direach air 1656, he was a poet of some visitors could know the history of dol sios. Bodach r rocas ’s stature as well as being an ac- the place. mi fhein comhla a Tigh Bhro- complished musician. He was traction,If ever thisthere is wasit. Ita shouldtourist notat- chaidh corr is fichead bliad- blindedsevere attack in his of earlysmallpox, years and by soa be neglected. hna’s a chaidh Bodach bochd a divinity career intended for him na shuidhe air bruach rocas was put out of the question. But truagh na sheasamh air clach he was destined to make his mark fhuar fo phreas is mi fhein toand Ireland he turned for toinstruction music, and on went the LOTION SEIBHIDH nam oigear fallain. clarsach. After several years’ AIRSON A’ BHODAICH A bhodaich laghaich chan- tuition he returned to Scotland eil thu fhein ann nist agus entually to be remembered, but Rectors including Sir Magnus and became a familiar figure at thusa rocais bhreoite tha fhios that of his teacher, Columba. For Vaus (1535) and Sir Donald the Court of the Holyrood. gun do dh’fhairtlich reothadh in the twelfth century was founded Munro (1552), doubtless the same heardThere, his Johntalented MacLeod playing of and Harris en- sgriosal oidhelje ud or,t thusa the stone-built church of St. Col- Dean who toured the Western gaged him as his harper. Roderic, nad shuidhe air clach fuar an umba,that now virtually overlooks the thesame flat building waters leaveIsles aus fewwith yearsan accountpreviously of lifeto the ‘Clarsair Dali’—^ the Blind aite bhith comhla ri do chin- of Broad Bay on one hand, and in the Hebrides of his time. In the Harper — was very much attached neadh ann an coille fhasgach the Minch on the other. year after the Reformation, St. death,to his Morisonpatron. composedAt the a latter’sstrong ghiuthais. There are many links between Columba’ssonage. is described as a Par- touching elegy ‘Creach nan Ciad- Chaneil fhios aig neach ach theIona. churchScotland's of St.sacred Columba isle, andin Apart from its eccliastical hist- an.’ Morrison’s ‘Oran Mor Mhic mi fhein nist gu robh sinn Lewis. The very circumstance of ory, the main interest in St. Leoidbeauty, anotherwas set tosong a clarsachof great ar- comhla air an fheasgair fuar the name seems to be more than Columba’s lies in its being a rangement by the late Francis sin corr is fichead bhiadhna a coincidence. The leal name of centuries’-old burial ground of George Scott. ’s a chaidh. Bith latha ann Iona‘V; andis the‘Hy,’ Gaelic frequently name forwritten the theLeods Chiefs of Lewis.of the A ill-fatedslab of Mac-dark One accessible gravestone is “De mu dheiglhinn Primitive nach bith fios aig duine sam Eye Peninsula — on which St. hornblende schist, set against one Nelsonthat of anat theofficer Battle who of fought Trafalgar, with air a shon? ” bith. SRUTH, Di-ardaoin, 24mh An Dudhlachd 1970 FIVE

“A WIND ON THE MOORLAND UIG Tha tighean osda Uig dol a chaidh an gnothach. ’Sa a dh’fhuireach agus faodaidh cheud aite, tha e nas sabhailte IjrllflljfAMF kJlUIllilUKII.IHYf. • • • ” tainly a great deal more iad deoch a reic. Sin am bre- airson daoine aon deoch no civilised than is generally ith a thugadih seachad aig an eadhon a dha a ghabhail uair Two hundred and fifty land society, instead of being realised even by historians, “Veto Poll” a chumadh air no dha ’san t-seachdain an years ago this month in permitted to evolve peace- The old myth of all High- an t-seachdainn seo chaidh. aite bhith dol deich mile fich- Rome, Prince Charles Ed- fully, was brutally attacked landers constantly engaged in B’e na tighean osda a bha an ead is uamhas a ghabhail. ward Stewart was born to and almost destroyed. cattle lifting persists. The cunnart a thaobh a’pholl an ’S an dara aite ’s docha gu the exiled James VIII and III General Stewart of <^rth, exemplary behaviour of the “Doune Braes Hotel” ann an lughdaich aireamh thubaist- and his wife Clementina himself a Highlander born in Highland Army during the Carlabhagh agus “Scalistro ean is caineadh airson dribh- Sobieski. Nowhere was the 1770 wrote, “The Gaels have ’45, should have served to Lodge Hotel.” ’S iad na h-aon eadh leis an deoch. news more enthusiastically been simply squeezed by de- enlighten, aitean ann an Leodhas a mach ’San treas aite’s docha gun received than in the High- grees out of a country which When the modern High- a Steornabhagh a dh’fhaodas lughdaich e na torran de chro- lands. lander speaks with emotion deoch a reic. Tha an t-eagal gain is de bhotail a tha aig a The story of the ’45 has 17 ^ear °f the Prince,” air daoine nan rachadh daoine h-uile aite stad. been told many times. It may Jjy JOdll C, YOlfflil it is surely because he shares an aghaidh bhith reic dibhe ’S a cheathramh aite ma have been over sentimenta- Colonel Iain Cameron’s belief gun toisicheadh bothain anns ma thatar ag iarraidh luchd lised. Yet, it remains one of that, an sgireachd. Tha bothain a’ turuis bithidh iad san ag iar- the great stories of history they once owned, and their dol gu laidir ’s an ath sgir- raidh subhailcean mar seo, and will never lose its appeal language reduced from one “Not for Tearlach alone eachd, ann am Barabhas. Bha mar a faigh iad iad cha tig while loyalty and courage of the most literate in Europe the red claymore was cuid de na ministeirean ag lad. are valued. to the status of a redundant plying, radh nach robh an seo ach 'Sa choigeamh aitt, ma tha- Visiting Culloden this year, peasant dialect.” But to win back the old gnothach meallaidh. Bha e air tar ’n duil daoine a chumail I noted little bunches of A recent writer on the life which comes not a radh cuideachd gun cuir- ’san aite feumaidh cothrom heather placed on the graves problems of the Highlands, again.” eadh deich duine fichead a toileachais is dibhearsain a of the clansmen. By some of commented on the lack of a , ThereAneJe. is a new jSpspiritln1 mach a obair nan robh an bhith aca o am gu am. their descendants, perhaps, “cultured influential middle abro^f in the Highlands to sgireachd air a dol tioram. ’San t-siathamh aite gear- from overseas? Records at class to provide leadership.” ^ay- There 15 a determination Bhitheadh e cuideachd na raddh e sios na tha air ol uile the new Information Centre ft is sometimes forgotten to ?re SeiTe t^e ?. 4 jU tu.r®’ bhriseadh duil do obair an gu leir, an aite chuir an aird. run by the National Trust that this class once existed. and. lff J;his 15 ,!jked turusachd nan robh seo air An cul gach ni tha’n doch- for Scotland, show an in- General Stewart of Garth ®a^inS Gaelic,r did not Dr tachairt. as ann nach bi cus dibhe ann. creasing number of visitors wrote, “The gentlemen far- I°hnson say that languages A reir coltais agus dh’ain- Chaneil seo ach ’na ghrain every year to this wind mers and tacksmen were a^. the Pedlgr®e of natlons- deoin an fheadhainn a bha is do’n a h-uile duine ach, an swept moor with its tragic certainly better classical “hngualism is surely an a tha an aghaidh reic dibhe ainm an aigh, chaneil cron memories of a lost cause. scholars than men holding f*set Il: has been said that tha subhailcean an cois mar ann am beagan. Culloden more than any the same rank and education the^e are more university other battle in Scottish his- in the south.” graduates per head from the tory, even Flodden, has the This is not simply the Highlands than anywhere power to stir emotion. Why? natural prejudice of a High- else in Britain. What the Sir Winston Churchill once lander for his own culture. Highlanders are now asking said that grass grows over Daniel Defoe writes of the tor 15 not chanty- but a battlefields, but never over tacksmen, “as polite and as scluare aeaL scaffolds. If Culloden was a finished gentlemen as any The clansmen who fell at AIR LORG AN OIR battlefield on that April day from other countries, even Culloden had, what Eric Tha rannsachaidh eile ri nuair a dh’fheumar tuilleadh in 1746, all of the Highlands our own.’ While Dr Johnson Linklater in his tribute ^The tholi a thorradh. soon became a scaffold as records that, “ I never was in Prince in the Heather,” clo- dheanamh ann an Srath Chill Chosg an sgoil fhein mu the Duke of Cumberland, any house in the Highlands fluently calls “a splendid Donain ann an Duthaich Mhis thuaiream £1,800 air seo mar obsessed with a hatred of all where I did not find books ardour.”the have With that ardour, Aoidh feuch a bheil gu leor phairt de’n rian rannsachaidh Scots, made his progress of in more languages than one.” y greatly enriched or anns a’ghleann airson a’ aca fhein. Chaidh a chur a triumph. He did not visit only the ouran common British heritage. leigeil le buidhnean tolladh mach nas traighe ’sa mhios Today Culloden is a homes of the great chiefs. d without it, Scotland air a shon. ’S ann le abhainn a nan robh duil gum bitheadh National Memorial cared for The tacksmen, with their would certainly not be Scot- rinneadh an gleann agus tha e prothaideach dol air adhart with great devotion. It is, chiefs, frequently attended land. fhios ann cheana gu bheil or le obair an seo, nach foillseac- one hopes, more than that, the grammar schools of In- Who can doubt that in our ri fhaighinn ann. Tha am hair brigh an iomraidh fhad’s It is surely a signpost for the verness, Perth and Dunkeld, increasingly materialistic age, Bord Leasachaidh agus Sior- a bhitheadh comhraidhean a’ future, for the past must not and later went on to the uni- the ancient culture of the ramachd Dhuthaich Mhic Ao. dol air adhart le na buidhnean be lingered in unduly, but versities, not only of Aber- Highlands and Isles, has still idh a’roinn eatorra cosgais an torraidh. must serve to inspire for the deen and St Andrews, but of much to give—provided it is ath rannsachaidh seo, ’se sin Ged a shaoileamaid gun future. Douai and Leyden. allowed, and helped, to sur- £300. Tha seo an lorg iom- nochdadh am barrachd cos- In his pamphlet “On Tell- One does not wish to over vive and flourish, radh a chuir Sgoil Ealain nan gais soirbheachadh ’sa chuis ing the Culloden Story,” Clach a mach a Lunnain. B’ tha amharas ann gur ann an Colonel Iain Cameron Tay- ann ’sa Mhairt seo chaidh a doigh eile a bhitheas e. ’S do- lor, who has done so much rinn an Sgoil geur rannsach- cha nacheil seo ach direach valuable work for Culloden, adh air an t-Srath. Bha iad a’ a’ criochnachadh gnothaich- says, “ I sometimes have the torradh gu ruige tri fichead ean airson a h-uile duine a feeling that the Highlanders ’sa deich troigh agus thubh- riarachadh. Tha an iomradh who ‘came out’ for Prince airt iad gu robh gne an oir fhathast diomhar ach thubh- Charlie in 1745 did so largely air leth beartach. airt Mgr. Mac llle Mhaoil, because there was no other Chaidh a cheud rannsach- fear-dealbhaidh na siorram- horse to back which would adh a steidheachadh le Com- achd, gun tubhairt an sgoil ensure the preservation of hairle an t-Siorramachd air riutha gum feumar tuilleadh their heritage.” cosgais corr is £2m000. Fhu- breithneachaidh a chum is At the annual commemo- aireadh cuideachadh bho’n gum faighear dealbh iomlan ration ceremony at Culloden Bhord Leasachaidh de £450 this year, Mr Sorley Mac- de’n sgireachd. Lean, Chief of the Gaelic Society Inverness, rather echoed this in saying that Comunn na Canain Albannaich while we do not know what would have happened had the Jacobites won, “The Scottish Language Society Hanoverians won and the Highland Clearances fol- GAELIC SUMMER SCHOOL lowed.” He added that “noth- The Comunn exists to foster an interest 5th - 17th July, 1971 ing worse could have hap- in Gaelic as a spoken language and to pened to the Highland increase an awareness in Scotland gene- STORNOWAY, ISLE OF LEWIS people.” rally of our country’s Gaelic-based A school for LEARNERS of Gaelic will be held for two Of course, not all the ills weeks from 5th - 17th July. of the Highlands necessarily heritage. Annual membership is only 5/-. Cost for fortnight, including accommodation, meals and stem from Culloden. It is an Donations welcome. Contact the Secre- tuition, approximately £34. historical fact, however, tary at: ant ApplicationDirector, An forms Comunn and further Gaidhealach, information 91 Cromwell,from The Street,Assist- that through the government 31 Braeside Park, Balloch, Inverness. Stornoway. policy which followed, High- Gaelic Broadcasts THE PROBLEM OF Thursday, 24th December 1.30 p.m. Da Cheathramh agus Linguistic Struggles by P. Berresford Ellis Fonn about the necessity to save English from an ignominious death and 1.40 p.m. News in Gaelic appearingIt is, perhaps, in this ironic series for when Celtic it isreaders the encroachment to see the English of the language English for unifying the language against the French ruling tongue. Friday, 25th December languagedepriving andthe Celtsculture of whichtheir ownis (with language the exceptionand culture. of Nevertheless,the Bretons) NormanyThe English in 1204 language A.D. (during received the a reignmightly of John,fillip 1199-1216).from, the loss Many of 8.00 p.m. Bonnachdients of Nollaig:all sorts, Ingre- it is an ironic fact of history that English, which is estimated to be of England’s landed gentry still thought of Normany as “home” anil story, music and song, whichspoken had by to300 go millionthrough peoplea linguistic today, struggle was oncewhich, a evendying more language iron- domains.of England Now as athere colonial was nopossession longer ain “home”which theyfor heldthem, their save majorEng- Fredmixed Macaulayand baked (recor- by ically, was led by Celtic speaking Celts! strengthenland. It is true,and however,bolster the that French the Francophile, language inHenry England 111, servedand en- to ded) arrivedThe Oldin EnglandEnglish inlanguage the 5th (commonlyCentury A.D. known from asNorth Anglo-Saxon) Germany courage a new Gallic influence from Poitou. He was also generous Sunday, 27th December via Holland. There were three basic dialects — Anglian, West Saxon thein grantsold Normanof land toFrench French families nobles. whoThisl pointedhad a nationalistout that effectthey, onas 2.00 p.m. Studio Service by Rev. andScandinavian Kentish. language,The language particularly received from linguistic Danish. influences In 878 fromA.D. Al-the first arrivals, were the rightful occupants of the land. The French- John MacLeod, Oban fred tried to halt the aggression of the Danes and subsequently a turymen favoureda political by andHenry cultural were consideredbattle raged aliens. between For nearly the Frencha cen- (recorded) Danlagh,Mercia, was a sectionestablished. of England Stretching including east of .old a lineAnglia, from and Chester parts ofto speaking continental Frenchmen and the Norman French speakers, Monday, 28th December London, this area was a Danish province. Although it had a Dan- markedProvisions by andsuch the episodes Barons’ as War. the Council of Winchester, the Oxford 1.30 p.m. Da Cheathramh agus ish ruling class, its population was predominantly Anglo-Saxon. The In fact, it was an aim of Simon de Montfort, who led the barons Fonn Dane,Danes becameassimilated king intoof England.the Anglo-Saxons and by 1014 A.D. Cnut, a in a struggle for reform against Henry 111 (1263-67), to get English 1.40 p.m. News in Gaelic There is a common myth that English also received linguistic in- taught in schools. Pressured by de Montfort, Henry had promised 6.05 p.m. Television—Se Ur fluences from the Celtic and Latin language, the latter due to the in 1258 to allow the teaching of English in schools and thus elimin- Beatha with the Mac- Roman occupation via the Celts. The myth is squashed by linguistic country.ate the strongThe promise community died withof monoglotthe defeat French of de Montfort.speakers in the Donald Sisters and Dialectical differences between the standard Francien of Paris and guestsColin RossSeumas and Campbell, Alasdair the Norman French of England added to the fires of political, Anderson (recorded) ENGLAND ofeconomic the century and cultural by Henry animosity. 111 to The supersede attempts the made Norman in the Frenchcourse 7.30 p.m. V.H.F.—Inlands: A programmethe High- familiesarchy had with the Parisian result ofFrench throwing families the toNorman positions French near morethe mon-and whichfrom differentcomes to areasyou in Anglo-Saxonsexperts who state:might “Thehave conquestbeen expected of a Celtic to result population in numerous by the more into the arms of the English. It is ironic to note that Henry turn with varying views Celtic loans into Old English but the idea of an almost complete “knewIll’s brother, English, Richard, similar inwas sound made to emperor German.” of Germany because he andHighland opinions scene on fromthe a exterminationtruth . . .” (See of the the Encyclopaedia Celtic inhabitants Brittanica). may come very near the The struggle continued and in 1300 A.D. the author of Cursor variety of people Mario Pei (Story of the English Language) comments: “One Mundi, pleading for status for the English language, wrote: “If we (recorded) might imagine that the Celtic of the original Britons would have nogive injury everyone . . .” theirBut theown same language, year, Robertit seems of to Gloucester me we are pointed doing themout: Tuesday, 29th December emphaticallysupplied a fertile not thefield case for .loan . . Thewords reason to the for Anglo-Saxon. this seems toSuch lie inis adds:“Unless “. a. .man many knows English French families he hadis thought Normanised little theirof.” namesMario dur-Pei 1.30p.m. Da Cheathramh agus the scantiness of social relations between the two races, the English ing the period when Saxon was synonymous with peasant and Fonn superior.”considering the Celts as inferior and their own race and tongue Norman with noble.” 1.40 p.m. News in Gaelic There were a few Celtic words, of course, in Pre-Conquest Eng- theThe English situation language remained was unchanged described and,by inthe 1364,chronicler the position Ranulph of Wednesday, 30th December lish. There were mainly words of deep geographical significance Higden, a monk from Chester, who wrote: 1.30p.m. Da Cheathramh agus or(such two as religious crag, from words. the TheGaelic most “creag”; promment dun, ofcoomb these etc.)words and being one “This impairing of the native tongue (English) is because of two Fonn “cross” from the Gaelic “crois” which was said to have been intro- customsthings. One of allis thatother children nations, inare schools, compelled contrary to drop to the(heir usage own len-and 1.40 p.m. News in Gaelic duced by St. Colmcille. “Cross” fought a battle with the native Eng- guage and to construe their lessons and their other things in French, 6.15 p.m. Pibroch “MacFarlane’s bylish the word English. “rood” for several centuries before it was finally adopted and have done so since the Normans first came to England. Also Gathering" and light Other Celtic words were drawn into English at a later date. theygentlemen’s are rocked children in their are cradletaught andto speakcan talk French and fromplay withthe timea child’s that playedmusic forby Williamthe bagpipes M. Words such as “slogan”, from the Gaelic “slaugh" (army) “gairm.” trinket; and up-country men warn to liken themselves to gentlemen, MacDonald (recorded) (cry),plaid, notclaymore, to mention dirk, wraithsuch wordsetc. from as Goidelicglen, heather, Celtic clan,and wordsbard, moreand tryof." with great effort to speak French so as to be thought the Thursday, 31st December such as “flannel” (gwlanen), “flummery” (llymru), “cantred” (Can- Donall O Corcora in his book Imeachtai na Teanga Gaeilge (Fort- 1.30 p.m. Da Cheathramh agus tref),date “cockabondy”Max Forsters (Cochpaper a “Keltischesbonddhu) fromWorgut Welsh im derivation. Englischen,” To unes of the Irish Language) showed an awareness of the English Fonn Festchrift Felix Liebermann, 1921, provides the only study of language14th Centuries) revival awhen young he Englishmanwrote: “In goingthose upsame to centuriesOxford had(11th had to 1.40 p.m. News in Gaelic Celtic influences in English. already some years of education in Latin, perhaps some in Greek, ConquestThere were and 450these Latin words words had inbeen common introduced English not usage as any before remnant the duringbut little his oruniversity no formal career instruction did he inlearn his verymother much language; if anything nor from the Roman occupation but purely from church usage. thatabout could it; it notcould easily have bebeen done for without.him little Even more three than hundreda convenience years A Theliterature first writtenbegan torecords develop in Oldwhich English was given date anfrom added circa boost 700 A.D.with after this an English writer, might hesitate whether or not he the emergence of Wessex under King Alfred (871-899). A great deal guageshould ofwrite his mighthis book not endure!”in his native language since this native lan- of scholarship was produced in the language. This period produced It was the 14th Century that saw the beginnings of the re-emerg- Pamphlets theelegy heroic of Deor epic and of theBeowulf, catalogue fragments poem, Widsith.of Finn and Waldhere, the ence of the English language to its proper place in English life. In 1066 A.D. the English were conquered by the Normans who English language fanatics had become a body to be reckoned published by imposed Norman-French as the language of the ruling classes and with and through their writings had managed to win a moderate subsequently middle classes. William and his troops raged merciles- Languagesupport for Movement their cause. and Francophile managed toscholars get a decreereacted passedto the inEnglish 1325 An Comunn Gaidhealach turiessly throughout afterwards the Yorkshirecountry inwas such; a anear fashion, desert. in fact,English that resistance for cen- ordering at Oxford “all conversations be in Latin or French.” In Retail finally died away when Hereward the Wake, partisan leader of the 1332 an Act of Parliament decreed that French must be taught to Who are the Highlanders? . 6d last band of English fenmen, was subdued in 1072 A.D. Pei com- all children receiving schooling. This act, however, illustrates the The Highland Way of Life. . 6d ments : “Saxon nobility, robbed of everything in favour of William’s growingary to make strength such ofan Englishorder. by the fact that it was deemed necess- Modern Gaelic Verse. . . . 9d thefollowers, ancient sunk freemen sullenly of toEngland the level now of theirundistinguished own peasantry, from while the churls, turned into villiens of the new seigneurs.” vivalThe asEnglish regards Language the Celtic Movement peoples aregrew concerned, and the ironylies inof the the factre- Close-up on Peat. . . . , 6d With the English reduced to serfdom under the Norman feudal that the prime movers of the revival of English! were Celts. Aluminium in the Highlands. . 6d system and all patronage of the native language ceased, Pei stated: One of them was John Trevisa from Crocadon, in St. Mellion, A KeyNames to Highland Place 1/- “the speech of the conquered was banned from all polite society Cornwall, a Cornish speaking cleric who gave the English the big- A Story of Tartan. . . . 1/* and official usage, it was despised as the jargon of peasants anil gest encyclopaedia and history of the day in their own vernacular. The Clarsach 6d practically ceased to be a written language.” Trevisa, who died in 1402, had “crossed the Tamar into England” The Industrial Highlands. . 6d In the latter 11th Century, just after the Conquest, a Winchester to study at Oxford. Crofting 9d schoolpoet complained teachers inthat the therecountry. were After no English1066 A.D. speaking William bishops the Con- or isaWriting said: “.about . . Johnthe growingof Cornwall, change a fromgrammar French master, to English, changed Trev- the Gaelic Proverbs 9d queror substituted French bishops and abbots for all the English instruction and construing in the grammar schools from French into Highland Whisky 1/6 ones, with the notable exception of Worcester. In this diocese alone, English; and Richard Pencrych learned that kind of teaching from Early Churches 1/- saysicles Stanleywere continued B. Jones and (Back there to EnglishLangland) as athe literary Anglo-Saxon language chron-made him, and other men from Pencrych, so that now, in the year of Our The Highlands Prehistory. . 1/- i.s last stand against French. Lord,quest, 1385,in all the the nineth grammar of theschools second of King England, Richard children after theare Con-now Harris Tweed 1/- A flourishing French literature was now produced in England. dropping French and construing and learning in English.” Highland Communications. . 1/6 poetry.These wereThe Songthe daysof Boland of the was flowering written ofat Oxford;the French Pelerinage epic and de As we learn from. Trevisa, it was mainly due to the efforts of Pictish Art 6d Charimagne a Jerusalem was composed in England as were the two other Cornishmen teaching at Oxford in 1385 that the revival Gaelic is. 1/- lovely lays of Marie de France and many of the French popular beganlish 1350-1400) to succeed. comments: Basile Cottle “. . . (inwe hisare bookasked Theto believe, Triumph by ofa Gorn-Eng- A Phiob Mhor 1/- Engles.fabliaux. Wace Philippe with dehis Thaun'sRoman deBestinaire, Brut and Gaimar’s Roman deLestorie Rou anddes ishman, with a Cornish name, that two others from his Duchy Highland Homes 1A Turoldus of Peterborough with his Chanson de Roland added to a werenative largely tongue, responsible since all for three the redemptionmust have of beenwhat wasn’toriginally even Celtic their Plus Postage. magnificentwere, in fact, literary the literature tradition. of These England great while works English, of French according literature to speaking! ” Wholesale price—less 25%. Pei, “had sunk to an all time low.” bitter“It wasanimosities the Hundred against Year the French,War (which and thestarted Black in Death1337) ofwith 1349- its Order from lishThere literary were traditon only three alve. worksThese inwere this Ormulum,period which a paraphrasing kept the Eng- of 1350 leadincr to a rise in the importance of the labouring classes and Abertarff House, Inverness the scriptures, produced in 1200 A.D.; Ancren Riwle, some religious writestheir tongue,Mario Pei.that gave the death blow to French in England,” rules,The producedEnglish, inhowever, 1225, and did Layamon’s not take Brut, the thesuppression fable of Brutus.of their Indeed, then as now, the Establishment decided to use the cultural language lightly. In 1200 A.D., a man named Orm was writing Hundredaffiliation Yearsof the Warpeople meant to manipulate that the themEstablishment to their own had ends.to raiseThe SRUTH, Di-ardaoin, 24mh An Dudhlachd 1970 SEVEN review order LANGUAGE REVIVAL (Continued from page 3) — “bha’n daorach orm ’s mi ag and Seumas Mac a’Ghobhainn facaileigheach ri glagadaichard mo chinnbho bhalla — “nagu balla,"Air deargBeulaibh sgorrach.” an 't-Sluaigh”: troops against the French and it was logically that the Establish- standing.used “eyren." He urged a compromise leading to mutual under- lives up to its title throughout mentsympathies. had to de-Frenchify itself and make overtures to English Indeed, a battle between English northern and southern dialects outer composition as befits the Nevertheless it was certainly not an overnight process. The took place. In works written in northern dialects, such as Havelock creasingdaughter innerof theturmoil manse and with longing in- chronicles of London were written in French still and the declarat- the DaneGreen (Lincoln);Knight (LancashireCursor Mundi or Cheshire)(Durham) thereand Siris Gawainmore Norse and for her mother till she gains the French.ion between Oxford University and Town (made in 1348) was in influence in the language — words such as crooked, knife, haven, h-aghaidhnecessary courageair a’bhaile, “agus chuiragus iair a The first “official” step was in 1349 when English1 was introduced usage.hit, root, But score, the battleskin, take,was wonthey by& etc.London which and are Caxon’snow in printinggeneral a h-athair, agus air na cailleachan. into schools thanks, as we have seen, to the, trio of Cornishmen at press. theThere characterisation is no forced qualityor narrative; about wardOxford. 111 The was pressure forced toby passthe languagea statute fanaticsin 1362 continuedwhich directed and Ed-all O Corcora, commenting on the fact that English was replacing it flows along easily and one is pleas in courts to be made in English and not, as before, in French Frenchplace it asfinally the languageyielded accordingof the conquerors as the English of Ireland, language says: in “ThatEng- hardly“curracag” aware till ofit isthe over. part of the orParliament Latin. But in 1731,“Law despiteFrench” an was effort only to oustfinally it byejected Oliver by Cromwell. an Act of land itself crept from plebian servitude to position, from the com- In my opinion “Bean a’Mhinist- But perhaps the most important event for the language in that ofmon English streets hadand morefields tointo do thewith Courts its advance and Parliament. in Ireland Thisthan revivalis us- eir”except conveys a wandering little to senilethe readermind guageyear. 1362,was allowedwas that to Parliament be used in wasdebate opened there. in ThisEnglish gave and the theEnglish lan- ually reckoned. Fortunately for England its native language had or nightmarish ramblings. Like- language an official status and “broke thel back” of the revival. It finally triumphed before the art of printing was introduced in wisebase “Antheme Duine does Ur"show though scientific the was not until 1547 that a decree was passed introducing English in theabout dust 1475. if Oneprinting wonders had ifbeen English invented would a everhundred have yearscome beforeout of foresight alongside a reminder religiouswalks of areaspublic completing life. the introduction of the language into all Gutenburg’s time.” that the common cold will long The grantina of official status to English drew a backlash from Despite the growing standardisation of English, or rather French toscience be incurable.fiction verging This onis theGaelic rid- the Francophiles. Anglo-French writers wrote that French was the English,pure. Thomas many Chekelanguage was fanaticssuch a man.still soughtIn 1561 to he keep produced the language a New iculous. and“loveliest praise andand noblestcomparable speech to createdthat of theby Godangels.” to his own honour Testament in “pure” English. But, in 1611, the King James 1 version "An Roghainn”: A non-event: However the movement continued. In 1403 the Dean of Windsor of The Bible marked the triumph of the new language. Thoughconscience Angus’s is detailed struggle I felt with at hisno wrote a letter to the king beginning in French but, in mid-sentence, wasNevertheless really standardised it was onlyby thein productionthe 18th Century of The thatDietionary the language of the stage convinced that he was a pro- heEnglish suddenly had becomeswitches the to officialEnglish. language The switch of the iscourt. sybolic. A. R.By Myers, 1413 English Language in 1755. The compiler of this work was Dr Sam- highlyspective justified murderer his nomotives matter were. how in England in the Late Middle Ages, wrote: “The gradual super- Gaelicuel Johnson language (1709-84) for there who was proved no chauvinistica great friend English of thenationalism Scottish “Bha e Dona Leis”: This is in sedingthe 14th of Century the French is the by most the importantEnglish language development in the of latter the period.half of about Johnson. Writing on the destruction of Gaelic (which he providingsharp contrast light andto therefreshing foregoing en- Unfortunately it is a development that seems totally ignored in ancientfought against,nations incurringbut by language,the wrath andof SPCK):therefore “There I’m alwaysis no tracing sorry tertainment which would go down the teaching ,of English history to the people of England. Perhaps when language is lost, because languages are the pedigree of wellspeaking dramatised his thoughts with aloud.Goinneach Such languageif English inpeople the face were of taught Norman about French the struggle cultural to imperialism,revive their theyown nations.” a topic lends itself well to Gaelic would not be so intolerant of Celtic aspirations. But the same consistingAs we haveof Northumbrian shown the northern and Mercian) groups hasof Englishstrong Scandinavian(Anglian — theand modemcould further idiom expandedas a welcome on in England’sEstablishment true whichhistory has from so distortedher people. Celtic A number history ofhas establishment also hidden influences. In Scotland, the settlement of Angles in the Bernica change from devious psychological historians, especially during the 19th Century when the Establish- kingdom, spoke a language which would be totally unintelligible Phrosbaig.”probings as Hereexploited the motivation in “A thement ordinary sought topeople, reconcile made a growingsuch outlandish radical movementclaims that on therebehalf was of tointo speakers Celtic Scotlandof “Lallans” the languagetoday. After was theswiftly incorporation replaced by of Gaelic, this area as behind Mr Edward’s actions have mutual respect, co-operation and intermarriage between Saxons and shownWatson, by John such MacKechnie scholars as and Kenneth John MaclnnisJackson, etc.D. WithMacKinnon, its relative W. an unwholesome taint to them. As theNormans Conqueror, from atthe the very age beginning.of 43, tried Some to learn even English. claim that William languages to the south almost disappearing under attack from Nor- onethe storyis inis toldsympathy by Mr with Edwards him By the time English was re-established as the official language man French this small Teutonic community absorbed itself into when arrested which adds interest of law and administration it had undergone profound changes, Scotlandical control proper. in 1018When “the the kingswhole of of Alba Scotland (Scotland) became took forover a polit-time toactiqn the asreader’s the police involvement interference in the is ofprincipally a great indeal the of simplification Norman French. of influence Today aboutand the500 incorporation per cent of Gaelic in speech” (Professor Kenneth Jackson). also seen as justified. the English vocabulary is of Romance origin, dating largely from With the revival of English, Scottish Gaelic was driven north- story“loitihar to emerge Mor”: as is aan product intriguing of this period. wards:had become out of the south dominant east Scotland language and of bythis the area 15th of CenturyScotland. “Inglis”Out of youngsters’ imagination. The nar- TheThe language fundamental had alsostructure undergone of the a languagechange ofhas script, remained the NormanEnglish. a sense of patriotism the Anglicised Scots decided to call their rative is carefully thought out and Conquest being responsible for the change to New Carolingian “Inglis” “ScotsT (or, today. “Lallans”)- and it was the poet Gavin thepletes ingenious the story twist which at the endis highly com- script which was developed on the Continent. But today, in fact, of ofDouglas course, (1475-1522) led to the whopopular is first“Highlander” on record / “Lowlander”as doing so. mythology. This has, fluent and appropriately idiomatic therive millionfrom Old or soEnglish. words Linguistsin the English point vocabulary,out that Old only English 50,000 must de- The majority of Scots implicitly believe that Gaelic was never throughout. have had a vocabulary of 100,000 words. even spoken in this “Lowland” area despite the evidence to the con- Why"Granny the preoccupation aims a’ Chornair”: with dot- Many of those who had struggled to revive English were dis- defensivetrary. There position, is even that evidence Gaelic to was show, used with to Englishsome extent in a inweak North- and age ramblings and regretful re- ofpleased suppression that the was language a highly whichbastardised re-emerged language after whose three vocabulary centuries umbria. miniscences. Can be summarised had as much in common with the language they had been fighting By the latter 14th Century the tide had turned for the English andin “Cha the tiginevitable an aois “Thaleatha sinn fhein” an mentagainst yielded as it didto withEnglish English. they Whendid not the simply French give speaking up French Establish^ but croachmentlanguage; it onhad the fe-conquered Celtic countries. its old territories and began its en- lamhan Dhe.” Iain is a more merely merged the two languages together. Whitaker (Ancient Cathedral of Cornwall, vol. 2) states: “. . . wholesomethe outside worldpersonality as his “seal!accepting air favourWyclif’s of FrenchBible, inand 1384, this dropsexample many began Anglo-Saxon to be followed compounds by others in the English too was not desired by the Cornish as vulgar history an fheadhainn a tha direadh do writing in the “new English.” forcedsays and upon Dr Borlasethe Cornish avers bybut, this as tyrannythe case ofshows England itself andplainly at ato time be, naas ansgothan, adhar ’s —a’bruidhinn na h-aingealan riunn The greatest exponent of the new French-English language was. when the English language was yet unknown in Cornwall.”It was ura” but he finds it extremely of course, Geoffrey Chaucer, (1340-1400) a Londoner who used this(“whereof introduction'of certain of English us understande that led noan armyEnglyshe”) of 6,000 to takeCornishmen part in difficultscorns tocornflakes, escape the and world tractors, which mixture.mainly theChaucer, East Midlandof French dialect origin of —English his name with derivesa Southern from ad-the the third and last Cornish national uprising in 1549. seeing their introduction as hav- French word “chalcier” (shoemaker) — was a translator, mainly in Unfortunately,. having restored the health of Iheir nation through ingDespite unpredictable what I conclusions.regard as un- French.lines. Chaucer's In Canterbury contemporary. Tales. Chaucer William uses Langland. 17 French tried words to use in the18 languagethe language upon revival, the other the Englishnations ruling of the class world continued without to seemingpush their Jo wholesome religious allusions and purer form of English in his works such as the classic Pier:* Plow- realise that the very thino they had fought against was now being ivepsychological descriptions, ramblings idiom andthe effect-imag- ofman alliteration. which contains Chaucer, a marvellous however, example poured ofscorn the Oldon LanglandEnglish device pre- imposed by them on others. ery throughout make it a collect- ferring, he says, the “sweet rhyme” of French. horrorificThe spread imperialism, of English colonization throughout andthe worldthe supression has been ofdue native to a ion of high fluency and thus eas- Ayenbite of Ynwit (Remorse of Conscience) was written in Kent cultures. It must be said, of course, that the language does have an ilyoccured readable. to Ame final as thoughtI progressed which inPei 1340'says: and “English, this is thoughcompletely a subject free oflanguage, the French had influence.developed Mariofreely foreigninstrinsic elementsflexibility into and itsrichness ample and phonetic a facility system for andincorporating straight through the book was “Why does and independently, scorning foreign support even when its fortunes forward grammatical pattern. This being due to the intermarriage cf evenGaelic the have modern to keep short delving story into in wereentered at theirthe language lowest ebb.” confined In fact, only until to the1250 titles only of 1,000 the conquerorsFrench words — the Germanic with the Romance language. With an estimated 300 the highland past and culture for words such as baron, noble, dame, servant, castle etc. The fusion million speakersspeakers, (butEnglish with is more second dialectical only to variancesChinese, whichthan English).has 750 most of its material?" of French with English seemingly only took place when the ruling It can be argued that the very ruling class which sought to eradi- Catriona NicAoidh questclasses consigned allowed Englishit. to rise from thralldom to which the Con- cate the English language still exists and, in the fullness of time, As a slave tongue English kept to itself developing as a natural ownhave past.alienated This thehas ordinary been done Englishman simply becausefrom a knowledgethis ruling ofclass, his anlanguage, official refusinglanguage to English, have much as it towas do previously with its rivalknown, and wasmaster. merged As realising a status for English was inevitable, dropped) their Norman out of recognition. guage,French purgedand assimilated of the old into English a bastardised concepts, English.was the vehicleThe new of lan-the The English Language Movement continued, this time with the ruling class's imperialist nationalism. SCOTTISH FO .K wasobject Bishop of trying Richard to “purify”Peacock thewho language. tried to Onepurify of thethe languageenthusiasts in The lack of understanding of their own history and especially a NOTES the 15th Century by using native word roots rather than derive icationlack of fromknowledge English of histories)the English goes linguistic a long struggle way to (due explaining to its erad- the words from Latin or French roots. The result, unfortunately, was insularity of the average Englishman when it comes to making an FolkA quarterlyMusic, Song journal and Loreof not a success and the new words did not enter normal vocabulary. effort to understand the linguistic problems of his closest neighbours. 44 pages of songs, tales, articles, forFor theexample, Latin derivedBishop Peacock“impenetrable.” derived the word “ungothroughsome” reviews, etc. adopted!But the as French the standard influnced language. southern, The or primeLondon, reason English was wasthe intro-being N.B.—Owing to the reduction of Sruth into a new form, it will Subscription(post 12/- free) per annum duction of printing by William Caxton1 (1422-91) who established not be possible 'to 'continue this series in, its present form. How- London as a centre of book publication in 1476. English as a fully haveever arrangementsappeared, together are being with made the remainderto reprint theof thearticles series which (in- specimen copy 3/- establishedMorte y Arthur, literary printed language by Caxton. can dateCaxton from was 1485keen withon eliminating Malory’s cluding Slovakia, Slovenia, Iceland, Latvia, Albania, Poland, Glasgow Folk Centre j dialectical differences in the language and complained that when Indonesia and Korea), in paperback form for about 7s 6d. 114 West Nile St., Glasgow Cl one says “egges” (London) it was misunderstood by Northerners who Ordersmid-March, should 1971. he placed now. Publication date will be about EIGHT SRUTH, Di-ardaoin, 24mh An Dudhlachd 1970 Lonely - Picturesque - Isolated SRUTH DRIES UP (Continued from page 1) Births ing of the Executive Coun- MACKENZIE —At the Lewis cil of An Comunn Gaidheal- Hospital, on 9th December, to ach, in view of the rising Norman and Greta, Knockian- deficit incurred by the news- due Schoolhouse, Lochs Road, paper which placed a strain Lochs, a son (Lewis Smith). on the limited financial re- Both well. sources of An Comunn which relies for the prosecu- tion of its activities on be- half of Gaelic on donations, grants and members’ sub- Deaths scriptions. SRUTH, however, will CAMPBELL — Passed away sud- continue to exist in a denly at the Lewis Hospital, on changed form. From the 7th 4th December. 1970. Murdo i of January 1971, the SRUTH Campbell, aged 62 years, be- i banner will head a half-page loved husband of Annie Mor- ' insertion in the STORNO- rison and eldest son of the late WAY GAZETTE each fort- Mr and Mrs Donald Campbell, night until such time as 2 Upper Coll. there are sufficient resources CAMPBELL—Passed away peace- to revive the paper in the fully, at the County Hospital, | form and format which be- Stornoway, on 6th December. I The Church of Croick hi the parish 'of Kincardine, Ross-shire. came a regular favourite 1970. Alexander Campbell (Boat | with readers at home and in Builder), aged 78 years, son of j eighteen other countries the late Mr and Mrs Alexander j| overseas (including Czecho- Campbell, Plockropool, Harris. ; H.I.D.B. An Cruinne. Club volvement in education and slovakia and Japan). Sadly missed. Sar Obair -1965/70 Leabhar. Support from Lon- rural areas seminar by Moray Mr Frank Thompson, a (Continued from page 1) don Gaelic Society. Extension Clubs. Aberdeen Lniversity. lecturer in Inverness Tech- of Mod to nine days. Arts Co-operation with other or- nical College, author of a regulations for teaching Gael- Council art exhibitions at number of books in the Text for ic music. Western Isles Office Mods. Floral Art Exhibitions. ganisations as listed in An- Highlands and Islands, and a the Times established. Comunn Oigridh Commercialisation of Mod nual Report. Increased Press Director of Club Leabhar Inbhir Nis. Involvement on Programme. Mod Advertising propaganda and publicity. Ltd., has been General Tha or ann, agus moran de chlach- j Councils of Social Service. undertaken by staff. Inter- Service for mass media — in- Editor of SRUTH since its aibh luachmhor; ach is iad bilean Secretarial Service for Lewis national Press contacts main- formation and comment. T.V. inception. He will continue an eolais an seud as luachmhoire. Council. Submissions on tained. Ireland, Friesland, Programme participation. Dis- to exercise editorial over- Gnath-Fhocail C. 20. R. 15. Rocket Range. Submissions Norway, Brittany, Catalan, trict Councils Western Isles. sight on the ‘ new-look ’ There is gold, and a multitude of on I.Q. Testing in Isles. Sub- Denmark, Christian Science, Contacts with Teach Your- SRUTH. In conjunction with rubies; but the lips of knowledge missions to Wheatley Com- Monitor, Scotia News etc. self and Linguaphone; the Mr Duncan MacQuarrie who are a .precious jewel. mission. Submission to Sir Stimulation of Research by former have now commission- teaches Gaelic at Inverness Proverbs C.20. V.15. Alec Douglas Home Com- Council of Social Service and ed a book. Prospect 'of Gaelic Royal Academy and who mittee. Preparation of Craft Aberdeen University into lessons onJJ.T.V. and B.B.C. will continue to be Gaelic Scheme for submissionr to , ociorogicai questions. In. in new exploratory stage. Editor. At a Press Conference in Preverb Inverness yesterday, Mr Cha d’dhuin dorus nach d’fhos- ADDRESS TO HEROES Thompson said, “ Personally gail dorus. We've owre lang had muckle talk I feel that this is a blow to No door closes without opening YOUR ATTENTION! o you heroes Gaelic and it will remain to another door. iu procession for your times be seen what the effect will The attention of readers is drawn, to the following arrange- the feudal lord be on some five years’ ex- presentments for form Sruth. will Owinghave toto befinancial discontinued stringencies, and in Sruthan attempt in its the renaissance prince tremely hard fighting for the to preserve some measure of continuity, it has been agreed by the puritan soldier Gaelic language and what it Failte Do Lybster 'the Executive Council of An Comunn Gaidhealach and the the self made man o property stands for. The loss of a Directors of the Stornoway Gazette that Sruth will be incor- the drap oots competin for oor contemporary image is seri- pearporated every within fortnight. the pages of the Stornoway Gazette and ap- time ous. The only consolation is THE PORTLAND ARMS The price of the Stornoway Gazette is 7d per copy, and that the voice of SRUTH extends a warm welcome readers who wish to transfer their subscription should write but noo science is God will be, perhaps, more effec- to Sruth offices, 92 Academy Street^ Inverness, to let us know. and objective truth hero tive because it will now be Good Fare and a Fine Cellar Thereare extant will beat atthe slight time adjustment of changeover. of those The subscriptions first issue ofwhich the his servants Newton. Darwin heard, sotto voce, from Gazette containing Sruth will be 7th January 1971. and Einstein Lewis, the heart of a Gaelic- Sea Angling If some readers wish to cancel their subscription to Sruth Newton wi his kingly order speaking community. Salmon Fishing, Trout Fishing werefunds would of appreciateoutstanding their balances writing at 31stto us December when we 1970.shall make Darwin wi his competitive apes We should point out that the basic philosophy which has Einstein wi his aa-embracin licht stillbeen bepublished contained! in inSruth the during‘new look’ the Sruth.past four years or so, will thochts in procession That philosophy has been based on the recognition of the for their times Your Saturday Rendezvous... contributionsworth of our toGaelic those heritage areas ofand human its ability concern to make and endeavoursignificant a poetry Notwiths’andinewhich are rekited this. to Sruthman’s hasspiritual also recognisedand moral thatwell-being. only a we believe sound economic and social environment willf maintain, im- Duncan Glen prove and enhance the Gaelic language and i s sneakers. Such Caledonian Hotel anareas environment in Europe willwhich also, are we stillbelieve, as Cei'ic-basedac> ns n stimulus now toas thns^they PRIVATE JINGOES wee two mil'enia1 ago. we want eight, to Inact such as anen'sa Ugh forwe ourask messages.renders to continue their support and the Germans haein four dread- Dinner Dances noughts laid down. — and we won’t wait, by Candlelight TOBAR UR you’ll mind the cry old soldier, Tim an saoghal asior dhol an airde a thaobh cosgais agus in nineteen o eight, ★ Dancing to the Resident Trio ★ chan eil sinne air bhith as aonais ar cuid trioblaidean anus an we want eight. doighsguir a’foillseachadhsin. Tha gnothaichean Sruth annsair tighinnan t-seagh gu ire seo. nis agusBithidh feumar e o and soon nineteen fourteen and Table D’Hote . A La Carte . Fine Wines 7-1-71 air fhoillseachadh anns a’Ghaseid a Steornabhagh. Ghe- you volunteerin, ibhBha sibh e ariamh h-uile nar sanas aire mu an na seo gnothaichean gum bitheadh sin modhgu h-ard. is doigh six million o you that Britain To complete your evening take advantage of our againn leis a’ phaipear seo, beachdan is smuaintean nan Gaid- might be great, Special Terms when attending a Function or Dinner Dance heal's am ’s b’urrainnna Gaidhealtachd duinn. Tha a’nochdadh sinn an dachasa dh’uiread gun deachdh’aiteanan sin a we won’t wait. dheanamh air cho beag’s a bha ann no a rainig cluasan. and near eight hunder thoosand Room and Breakfast — 32/6 plus 10% dhuinnBu mhath brosnachadh learn taing fad ana thoirt h-uine do sin. ar Thaleughadairean sinn an dachas a thug a you’ll mind, bharrachd gun cum sibh ar leughadairean, oirbh a’leughadh na laid doun in rows, Phone Your Reservation—INVERNESS 35181 th’againn ri radh o’n Bhliadhn’ Ur a much. Feuchaidh sinn we want eight, ri ar dicheall a dheanamh sail gheur a chumail air cuisean, and we won’t wait. tachadh.mar is abhaist, a dheoin no dh’aindeoin ma tha sibh ag aon- Duncan Glen