SOUTH SUDAN JOINT MARKET MONITORING INITIATIVE (JMMI) - CORE ITEM FACTSHEET 15-22 September 2020 PARTICIPATING AGENCIES

ACTED 1 Cost of Core Item Basket Median Cost of Sorghum Grain USD/SSP USD/SSP CAFOD-Trócaire INTRODUCTION (parallel market)2 (official)2 1,820 SSP 268 SSP C&D In an effort to inform cash-based interventions 4.24 USD* 0.63 USD* 429 167 CARE and better understand market dynamics in South Caritas Sudan, the Joint Market Monitoring Initiative ▲110 SSP +6%** ▼55 SSP +26%** ▲34 SSP +9%** ▲1.06 SSP +1%** Concern (JMMI) was created by the South Sudan † Cash Working Group (CWG) in August 2019. CORE ITEM BASKET COST Cordaid The initiative is guided by the JMMI Technical DCA Working Group (JMMI-TWG), led by REACH DRC

and supported by the CWG members. The Sudan GOAL initiative is funded by World Food Programme. HARD The JMMI typically assesses marketplaces on a IOM monthly basis. In response to the need for more Aburoc ! 2,239 SSP Malteser Int. frequent price data to inform the humanitarian ! ICPDO Raja Ariath Kodok Udier response, a second round of data collection Rubkona 2,128 SSP Upper Nile 1,730 SSP 2,174 SSP ! 3,668 SSP IRC was added in a reduced number of locations ! Marial Baai 1,844 SSP! ! ! ! New Fangak Nile Hope covering a reduced number of key items. This 1,736 SSP! Bentiu ! ! Nyamlel 1,782 SSP 1,724 SSP NRDC Core Item Factsheet is produced on a bi-weekly Western Bahr 1,898 SSP Unity Mathiang el Ghazal Northern Bahr ! 3,200 SSP Oxfam basis in addition to the monthly JMMI output. el Ghazal Koch In each location, field teams record prices and Warrap 2,324 SSP PAH other market indicators through key informant CDeimDeim Zubeir Zubeir Plan 1,952 SSP ! ! ! interviews with traders. ! Nyal Akobo Ethiopia REACH Wau Cueibet Lakes 1,592 SSP 1,254 SSP 2,149 SSP This factsheet presents an overview of prices for 1,643 SSP ! Pibor Save the Children ! Panyagor Jonglei key food items and non-food items (NFIs) in the ! 2,160! SSP Solidarites Int. assessed areas. Central 3,797 SSP African Nyang SPEDP Republic 1,475 SSP Bor PoC Tearfund !874 SSP 20 participating agencies UNHCR Western UNICEF Equatoria Maridi Juba Imehejek Eastern UNKEA † Kapoeta Equatoria 31 assessed locations Yambio 1,588! SSP 1,798 SSP 1,674 SSP 1,561 SSP World Vision 1,992 SSP !! ! ! Core Item Costs ! ! Narus Welthungerhilfe ! Central Juba PoC 200% of median and above ! Katodori 940 SSP Equatoria 1,167 SSP 1,838 SSP Windle Trust Int. 38 assessed marketplaces Torit Nimule 1,820 SSP Democratic 1,836 SSP 50% of median and below Republic ! Kenya 394 key informants basket incomplete of Congo no data Uganda * The parallel market rate was used for the conversion to USD. ** Reported changes are over a two week period and may be impacted by changes in coverage. 5 assessed commodities † Coverage depends on the interest and capacity of the contributing partner agencies. ‡ PoC stands for Protection of Civilians site. PRICE MONITORING CORE ITEM BASKET PER LOCATION CORE ITEM BASKET OVER TIME6 CORE ITEM BASKET CONTENTS Normalised, March 2020 = 1.00* Food Items County Location Basket Two week Change Basket Core 2.00 Core items change4 since items Sorghum 1 kg Rice 1 kg in SSP Mar 20205 in USD† Maize 1 kg Sugar 1 kg Central Equatoria Non-Food Items (monthly) Juba Juba Poc 1,167 na na 2.72 Bar soap 1 pc Juba Town 1,798 ▲53% na 3.51 Eastern Equatoria 1.50 The Core Item Basket consists of five goods selected by the Inter Agency CWG and Kapoeta East Katodori 1,838 ▲7% na 4.29 the JMMI-TWG as they are considered to reflect price trends related to both domestic Narus 940 ▲2% ▲24% 2.47 and international supply chains. Kapoeta South Kapoeta Town 1,561 ▲20% ▲63% 3.64 Lafon Imehejek 1,674 na na 4.21 Magwi Nimule 1,836 ▲40% ▲79% 3.75 EXCHANGE RATES 1.00 Torit Torit 1,820 ▼17% ▲25% 4.24 USD/SSP Exchange Rate Over Time* Jonglei Akobo Akobo Town 2,149 ▲40% na 6.32 Bor South Bor PoC 874 ▼40% ▼12% 2.04 400 Fangak New Fangak 1,724 ▲2% ▲28% 4.02 Pibor Pibor Town 2,160 ▲15% na 5.33 0.50 300 TwicEast Panyagor 3,545 ▲33% ▲23% 8.15 Apr Jul Lakes Greater Bahr el Ghazal Greater Equatoria Greater Upper Nile Overall Median 200 Cueibet Cueibet Town 1,643 ▲12% na 3.73 Yirol East Nyang 1,475 ▲120% na 3.41 100 Northern Bahr el Ghazal Reports from key informants in locations with highest Core Aweil North Ariath 2,174 ▲9% na 4.48 Item Basket costs: 0 Aweil West Marial Baai 1,737 ▼16% na 3.60 Apr Jul Nyamlel Town 1,898 ▼13% na 3.85 Panyagor: USD/SSP (parallel market) USD/SSP (official) Unity Koch Koch Town 2,325 na ▼2% 5.42 Panyijiar Nyal 1,254 na ▼2% 2.92 In the third week of September, traders in Panyagor reported that Other Exchange Rates Over Time* Rubkona Bentiu 1,782 ▼13% ▲18% 3.71 fooding had affected the supply of food and NFIs into the market, (Parallel market rates) Rubkona Town 1,844 ▼14% ▲50% 3.80 resulting in limited availble good and increased prices. 10.0 Upper Nile Fashoda Aburoc 2,239 ▲7% ▲69% 5.97 Udier: Kodok 2,128 ▲16% ▲61% 5.66 7.5 Longochuk Mathiang 3,200 ▲18% ▼2% 8.00 In Udier, traders reported that rain impacting road conditions Udier 3,668 ▲65% ▲4% 9.41 disrupted the supply to the market, resulting in increased prices. 5.0 Western Bahr el Ghazal Raja Deim Zubeir 1,952 ▲12% na 4.55 2.5 Raja Town 1,730 ▲11% na na Wau Wau Town 1,592 ▼10% ▲25% 3.71 0.0 Western Equatoria † The parallel market rate was used for the conversion to USD. § Apr Jul Maridi Maridi Town 1,589 ▲32% ▲101% 3.74 No sorghum or maize prices were available in Pibor, Koch and Deim Zubeir. The national median price has been inputted in these locations. Yambio Yambio 1,992 ▲55% ▲103% 4.64 SDG/SSP ETB/SSP UGX/SSP KES/SSP * The dots denote weeks in which data was collected. Bi-weekly data has only been collected Overall 1,820 ▲6% ▲43% 4.24 since June.

SOUTH SUDAN JOINT MARKET MONITORING INITIATIVE (JMMI) – September 2020 South Sudan Cash Working Group 2 SUPPLY CHAIN MONITORING

REPORTED AVAILABILITY OF CORE ITEMS AND MEDIAN STOCK LEVEL OF STAPLE EIGHT MOST COMMONLY REPORTED RESTOCK CONSTRAINTS* CEREALS (IN DAYS) PER LOCATION7 Poor road conditions 47% 470+530= Identifier Availability Reported Stock Levels Lack of foreign currency 26% 260+740= County Location Sorghum Maize Grain Rice Sugar Soap Sorghum grain Maize grain Grain (in days) (in days) High taxation 22% 220+780= Central Equatoria Juba Juba PoC 21 37 Costs of checkpoints 20% 200+800= Juba 4 4 Eastern Equatoria Poor river route conditions 19% 190+810= Kapoeta East Katodori 60 na Narus 30 30 No mode of transport 16% 160+840= Kapoeta South Kapoeta Town 18 22 Lafon Imehejek 21 na Border quarantine measures 15% 150+850= Magwi Nimule 7 6 Torit Torit na na Limited capital 15% 150+850= Jonglei Akobo Akobo Town 30 na * Values do not add up to 100% as traders were allowed to select multiple options. Bor South Bor PoC 7 na Fangak New Fangak 18 21 PRIMARY MODES OF TRANSPORT FOR RESTOCKING LOCAL CEREALS REPORTED Pibor Pibor Town na na BY TRADERS TwicEast Panyagor 21 21 Lakes Cueibet Cueibet Town 23 na 29% Yirol East Nyang 5 7 Northern Bahr el Ghazal 22% Aweil North Ariath 7 na Aweil West Marial Baai 34 na 16% Nyamlel Town 3 2 Unity 11% Koch Koch Town na na 8% Panyijiar Nyal 30 30 5% 5% 3% Rubkona Bentiu 28 5 2% Rubkona Town 35 14 Upper Nile Fashoda Aburoc 4 na Car Truck Bicycle Motorbike Boat Airplane By Foot Canoe Donkey Kodok 6 na MEDIAN REPORTED RESTOCKING TIMES FOR LOCAL AND IMPORTED GOODS Longochuk Mathiang 14 7 Udier 14 7 Western Bahr el Ghazal median length of restocking Raja Deim Zubeir 11 na 5 days delays due to border Raja Town 38 21 quarantine measures Wau Wau Town 30 21 Western Equatoria median reported time (in days) median reported time Maridi Maridi Town na 60 3 days to restock locally produced 10 days (in days) to restock Yambio Yambio na na cereals from out of town NFIs from out of town na : no stock level data available, ■ : Available, ■ : Unavailable and ■: Available in limited quantities SOUTH SUDAN JOINT MARKET MONITORING INITIATIVE (JMMI) – September 2020 South Sudan Cash Working Group 3 SUPPLY CHAIN MONITORING - CONTINUED

ROAD, RIVER ROUTE AND BORDER CONDITIONS

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open open with quarantine measures irregular irregular with quarantine measures closed no data ana

The map illustrates the reported road, river route and border crossing conditions at the time of data collection. The results are indicative of trade activity only. SOUTH SUDAN JOINT MARKET MONITORING INITIATIVE (JMMI) – September 2020 South Sudan Cash Working Group 4 ANNEX - PRICES CONTINUED

MEDIAN ITEM PRICES PER LOCATION (IN SSP) PRICE OF MONITORED WHOLESALE ITEMS (IN SSP) PRICE OF MONITORED ITEMS (IN SSP)

County Location Sorghum Maize Rice Sugar Soap County Location Sorghum grain Maize Grain Sugar Item Unit Median price Two Week Change Median price grain Grain (1 kg) (1 kg) (200 g) (50 kg) (50 kg) (50 kg) in SSP Change since in USD (1 kg) (1 kg) March 2020

Central Equatoria Central Equatoria Food Items Juba Juba PoC 300 175 325 300 67 Juba Juba PoC na na na Sorghum grain 1 kg 269 ▲26% ▲103% 0.63 Juba Town 465 455 425 370 83 Juba Town 7,900 8,650 17,400 Eastern Equatoria Eastern Equatoria Maize grain 1 kg 324 ►0% ▲62% 0.76 Kapoeta East Katodori 179 na 676 559 100 Kapoeta East Katodori na na na Rice 1 kg 558 ▲12% ▲24% 1.30 Narus 182 235 225 215 83 Narus 6,250 7,000 16,800 Sugar 1 kg 600 ▲24% ▲75% 1.40 Kapoeta South Kapoeta Town 134 144 600 600 83 Kapoeta South Kapoeta Town 6,500 6,500 na Lafon Imehejek 350 na 300 600 100 Lafon Imehejek na na na Non-Food Items Magwi Nimule 176 239 676 645 100 Magwi Nimule na na 16,400 Soap 200 g 100 ►0% ►0% 0.23 Torit Torit Town na na na na 70 Torit Torit Town 5,000 3,250 na Currencies Jonglei Jonglei Akobo Akobo Town 202 na 563 860 200 Akobo Akobo Town 10,000 na 23,000 US dollar (USD) 1 USD 429 ▲9% ▲53% Bor South Bor PoC 150 na 150 150 100 Bor South Bor PoC na na na Sudanese pound (SDG) 1 SDG 3.6 ▲32% ▼15% Fangak New Fangak 328 324 532 407 133 Fangak New Fangak na na na Ethiopian birr (ETB) 1 ETB 10.0 ►0% ▲45% Pibor Pibor Town na na 700 700 167 Pibor Pibor Town na na 35,500 Ugandan shilling (UGX) 1 UGX 0.133 ▲40% ▼75% TwicEast Panyagor 1,256 1,196 563 430 na TwicEast Panyagor na na na Lakes Lakes Kenyan shilling (KES) 1 KES 3.7 ▼10% ►0% Cueibet Cueibet Town 280 na na 390 92 Cueibet Cueibet Town na na na Yirol East Nyang 427 165 200 na 83 Yirol East Nyang 8,000 na 9,000 Northern Bahr el Ghazal Northern Bahr el Ghazal Aweil North Ariath 650 na 450 650 100 Aweil North Ariath na na 25,000 Aweil West Marial Baai 204 na 600 500 109 Aweil West Marial Baai na na 25,000 Nyamlel Town 257 324 600 600 117 Nyamlel Town na na 25,100 Unity Unity Koch Koch Town na na na 908 267 Koch Koch Town na na na Panyijiar Nyal 257 194 372 323 109 Panyijiar Nyanl na na na Rubkona Bentiu 128 467 541 479 167 Rubkona Bentiu 8,000 12,000 24,000 Rubkona Town 131 478 552 516 167 Rubkona Town 8,000 12,000 24,000 Upper Nile Upper Nile Fashoda Aburoc 240 na 675 600 400 Fashoda Aburoc 12,500 na 30,000 Kodok 204 na 650 600 350 Kodok 11,500 na 27,500 Longochuk Mathiang 681 648 676 645 550 Longochuk Mathiang 16,000 na 50,000 Udier 1,021 810 676 611 550 Undier 16,000 na 60,000 Western Bahr el Ghazal Western Bahr el Ghazal Raja Deim Zubeir 328 na 600 600 100 Raja Deim Zubeir na na na Raja Town 298 340 475 500 117 Raja Town 30,000 na 26,500 Wau Wau Town 415 350 310 425 92 Wau Wau Town 17,000 na 22,000 Western Equatoria Western Equatoria Maridi Maridi Town na 120 500 600 100 Maridi Maridi Town na na na Yambio Yambio Town na na 563 753 83 Yambio Yambio Town na na na Overall median 269 324 558 600 100 Overall median 9,000 7,825 25,000 na: no price data available na: no price data available SOUTH SUDAN JOINT MARKET MONITORING INITIATIVE (JMMI) – September 2020 South Sudan Cash Working Group 5 APPENDIX

Challenges and Limitations • Tearfund • UNICEF – United Nations Children's Fund • Price data is only indicative for the time frame within JMMI OUTPUTS METHODOLOGY which it was collected. Prices may vary between data • UNKEA – Universal Network for Knowledge & collection rounds. Empowerment Agency Factsheets Datasets The JMMI aims to inform market-based The median item prices reported in this • World Vision factsheet are 'location medians', designed to • The JMMI data collection tool requests the cheapest programming in South Sudan. Coverage available type of each item to be recorded, as • Welthungerhilfe (WHH) minimise the effects of outliers and differing 2020 depends on the interest of the partner availability varies across regions. Therefore, price organisations and their field teams' capacities amounts of data among assessed locations. comparisons across regions may be based on slightly Endnotes September September to regularly collect market data. Locations are First, the median prices of all assessed items varying products. 1 added once partners willing to cover them are are calculated within each assessed location; The COVID-19 Core Item Basket is calculated in each August August then, REACH calculates the median of this list • Standardising unit sizes of dry food items is inherently assessed location as described in the methodology box on July July identified, and their field teams are trained. difficult in South Sudan, as many traders sell the left and only includes key items. The overall COVID-19 As the initiative is currently being built up, of medians. commodities by volume rather than weight. This may Core ItemBasket is the median across all assessed June June coverage will likely be expanded in future data create a measurement error. locations. May May collection rounds. Core Item Basket calculation • With current coverage, data is mostly collected from 2 The parallel market exchange rate (buy and sell rate) April April • The cost of the Core Item Basket is main markets, which may not be representative of rural was collected from two traders in each assessed location. March March In each assessed location, at least four prices areas. The overall rate is calculated by first finding the median in per food, non-food, and livestock item need to calculated by summing one unit (as • As the JMMI continues to expand and is extended in each assessed location, then taking the median of the February February be collected from different traders to ensure specified in the table on page 2) of the to additional locations, the reported changes in the resulting set of median rates. January January median price of each item. overall median prices may be driven by shifts in the quality and consistency of the collected 3 • All USD amounts are converted to SSP coverage rather than actual price changes. Source: Central Bank of South Sudan (2020, June 17). data (2 for currencies and milling costs, 5 for Retrieved from www.bankofsouthsudan.org. The rates using the local parallel market exchange casual labor). In line with the purpose of the from 17 June, were used for the calculation of the monthly 2019 JMMI, only the prices of the cheapest available rates. Participating Agencies change. types are recorded for each item. • If a component of the Core Item Basket • ACTED – Agency for Technical Cooperation and December December 4 is unavailable in a location, the overall Development Changes over time in this factseet are calculated over November November median price is used for the calculation of a two week period instead of a month as in the full item Partner field teams identify traders to assess • CAFOD-Trócaire – Catholic Agency for Overseas October October based on the following criteria: the index. JMMI factsheet. The previous data was collected between Development & Trócaire 1-7 June. September September • Traders are retailers selling directly to • CARE More details on the methodology can be found August August consumers. • C&D – Church and Development 6 In this factsheet March 2020 is chosen as the baseline in the JMMI terms of reference (ToR). • Traders with weight scales are prioritised • Caritas figure as this was the first month that government regulation when recording prices of dry food items. was implemented to control the spread of COVID-19 within • Concern – International • Traders need to be representative of the South Sudan. • Cordaid local price level. 4 • DCA – Danish Church Aid Greater Bahr el Ghazal includes the states of Lakes, • To the extent possible, the same traders • DRC – Danish Refugee Council Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Warrap and Western Bahr el are revisited in every data collection Ghazal; Greater Equatoria includes the states of Central • GOAL round. Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria and Western Equatoria: • HARD – Hope Agency for Relief and Development Greater Upper Nile includes the states of Jonglei, Unity and The data is collected by field staff familiar with • ICPDO – Intergrate community peace & Development Upper nile. The prices were normalised by setting march the local market conditions. They are trained Organization 2020 as the baseline and dividing each month's price by the price in March 2020. on methodology and tools by REACH. Data • IOM – International Organization for Migration • Maltester- International collection is conducted through the ODK 7 Availability is defined as follows: if an item is available Collect mobile application. The data collection • IRC – International Rescue Committee from at least one trader, then it is considered available in tool is published alongside the dataset every • NRDC – National Relief and Development Corps the location. If it is not normally available from any trader, month and disseminated to the humanitarian • Nile Hope but is reportedly limitedly available from at least one trader, community. • Oxfam then it is considered limited in the location. If none of the traders have the item in stock (not even limited), then the • PAH – Polish Humanitarian Action items is considered unavailable. These are triangulated Following data collection, REACH compiles • Plan international through other KIs. and cleans all partner data, normalises prices, • REACH Initiative cross-checks outliers, and calculates the • Save the Children median cost of the Core Item Basket in each • SPEDP – Support for Peace and Education assessed location. Development Programme

SOUTH SUDAN JOINT MARKET MONITORING INITIATIVE (JMMI) – September 2020 South Sudan Cash Working Group 6