Sudan April 2004
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The Eastern Front and the Struggle Against Marginalization
3 The Eastern Front and the Struggle against Marginalization By John Young Copyright The Small Arms Survey Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It serves © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2007 as the principal source of public information on all aspects of small arms and First published in May 2007 as a resource centre for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and activ- ists. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Depart- permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by ment of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Bel- law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- gium, Canada, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should United Kingdom. The Survey is also grateful for past and current project-spe- be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. cific support received from Australia, Denmark, and New Zealand. Further Small Arms Survey funding has been provided by the United Nations Development Programme, Graduate Institute of International Studies the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, the Geneva 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland International Academic Network, and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining. -
In Their Own Words: Voices of Jihad
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Support RAND TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. in their own words Voices of Jihad compilation and commentary David Aaron Approved for public release; distribution unlimited C O R P O R A T I O N This book results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research. -
1 Name 2 History
Sudan This article is about the country. For the geographical two civil wars and the War in the Darfur region. Sudan region, see Sudan (region). suffers from poor human rights most particularly deal- “North Sudan” redirects here. For the Kingdom of North ing with the issues of ethnic cleansing and slavery in the Sudan, see Bir Tawil. nation.[18] For other uses, see Sudan (disambiguation). i as-Sūdān /suːˈdæn/ or 1 Name السودان :Sudan (Arabic /suːˈdɑːn/;[11]), officially the Republic of the Sudan[12] Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān), is an Arab The country’s place name Sudan is a name given to a جمهورية السودان :Arabic) republic in the Nile Valley of North Africa, bordered by geographic region to the south of the Sahara, stretching Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to from Western to eastern Central Africa. The name de- the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African or “the ,(بلاد السودان) rives from the Arabic bilād as-sūdān Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya lands of the Blacks", an expression denoting West Africa to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. and northern-Central Africa.[19] The Nile River divides the country into eastern and west- ern halves.[13] Its predominant religion is Islam.[14] Sudan was home to numerous ancient civilizations, such 2 History as the Kingdom of Kush, Kerma, Nobatia, Alodia, Makuria, Meroë and others, most of which flourished Main article: History of Sudan along the Nile River. During the predynastic period Nu- bia and Nagadan Upper Egypt were identical, simulta- neously evolved systems of pharaonic kingship by 3300 [15] BC. -
The Training of the Upper Nile
THE TRAINING OF THE UPPER NILE I PUBLISHED BY PITMAN WATER SUPPLY PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENTS By W. H. MAXWELL, A.M.Inst.C.E., Chartered Civil Engineer, Formerly Borough and Waterworks Engineer, Tunbridge Wells Corporation. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 337 pp., illustrated. 25s. net. WATERWORKS FOR URBAN AND RURAL DISTRICTS By HBNB-T C. ADAMS, M.Inst.C.E., M.I.M.E., F.S.I. In demy 8vo, 246 pp.* with 111 illustrations and 3 folding plates. 15s. net. RIVER WORK CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS By H. C. H. SHENTON, F.S.E., M.Inat.M. and Cy. E., F.R.San.I., F.R.San.E., and F. E. H. SHBNTON, M.S.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 146 pp. 12s. 6d. net. HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS By ROBERT W. ANGUS, B.A.SC, M.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 336 pp. 12s. 6d. net. REINFORCED CONCRETE ARCH DESIGN By G. P. MANNING, M.Eng., A.M.Inst.C.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 200 pp. 18s. 6d. net. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. Parker St. Kingsway, London, W.C.2 THE TRAINING OF THE UPPER NILE BY F. NEWHOUSE B.Sc, F .C.G.I., M.INST.C.E. Late Inspector-General of Egyptian Irrigation in the Sudan PUBLISHED IN OOLLABOBATION WITH THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS LONDON SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD. 1939 SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD. PITMAN HOUSE, PARKER STREET, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C.2 THE PITMAN PRESS, BATH PITMAN HOUSE, LITTLE COLLINS STREET, MELBOURNE ASSOCIATED COMPANIES PITMAN PUBLISHING CORPORATION 2 WEST 45TH STREET, NEW YORK 2O5 WEST MONROE STREET, CHICAGO SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS (CANADA), LTD. -
The Case of Dongolawi Nubian
Taha A. Taha Florida A & M University The lexicon in endangered languages: The case of Dongolawi Nubian Abstract. Lexical change and attrition is one of the main signs or symptoms of language endangerment that can eventually lead to structural changes. And although the phenomenon of language endangerment/death has received much attention in sociolinguistic studies, the changes in vocabulary associated with it has not been given the same attention. This paper examines the sociolinguistic situation of Dongolawi Nubian*, a language variety that belongs to the Eastern- Sudanic group of the Nilo-Saharan family which is spoken in the northern region of Sudan. More specifically, the paper analyses a sample of DN lexicon with the purpose of identifying the extent of semantic change, including lexical change, attrition, borrowing, and other additions. Analysis of data reflects extensive borrowing from Sudanese Arabic (SA), loss of items associated with traditional ways of life, some of which are replaced while others are not. The study indicates that, despite heavy borrowing, the basic structure of the language variety still remains intact, with no apparent major changes in syntax such as word order. Hence, it is argued that the DN situation is not hopelessly irreversible, and that the variety could still be revitalized as long as there is willingness, commitment, and collaboration of efforts and resources on the part of policy makers, speakers of the language variety, and other organizations concerned with language endangerment. Keywords: Dongolawi Nubian, endangerment, Sudan Arabic, attrition, borrowing. * The following abbreviations are used in reference to different language varieties: Ar. =Arabic; DN = Dongolawi Nubian; Eng = English; Egy. -
Kuc’ (Peace): Its Implications and Application Among the Acholi Communities of Palaro and Atiak Clans
‘KUC’ (PEACE): ITS IMPLICATIONS AND APPLICATION AMONG THE ACHOLI COMMUNITIES OF PALARO AND ATIAK CLANS BY CHRISTOPHER ORINGA Reg No. 2008/HD03/11994U B.A, (SMM Sciences and Praxis of Human Development) CUEA, Diploma (Sciences and Praxis of Human Development) Tangaza College- Nairobi A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF LIBERAL AND PERFORMING ARTS, DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION AND PEACE STUDIES NOVEMBER 2011 DECLARATION I, Christopher ORINGA, do hereby declare that this dissertation is my original work, and that it has neither been submitted nor is being submitted in any other University or higher institute of learning for the award of any Diploma, Degree or any other qualifications. Christopher ORINGA Reg. No: 2008/HD03/11994U Signature: _______________________________________________ Date____________________________________________________ i APPROVAL This dissertation has been submitted for examination with the approval of the supervisor. DR. MUSANA PADDY Signature:------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The production of this dissertation has not been my work alone. My reservoir of ideas came from many sources. Here I mention a few of those who have gone an extra mile with me. First, I extend my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Musana Paddy and Dr. Ernest Okello Ogwang for their support that shaped this work. My father, Ladit Rwot Edward Oywelo Picho, whose lifelong work as elder’ at the chief’s palace, Ker Kal Kwaro, and as Rwot of Ariya for many years provided a wealth of experience to this work. Support from these Rwodi of Lamogi, and Koro, Rwot Martin Otinga Otuke Otto Yai, and Rwot Jimmy Ochan Luwala, and other people whose names do not appear here, have greatly shaped the work of this thesis. -
The Muslim 500 2011
The Muslim 500 � 2011 The Muslim The 500 The Muslim 500 � 2011 The Muslim The 500 The Muslim 500The The Muslim � 2011 500———————�——————— THE 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS ———————�——————— � 2 011 � � THE 500 MOST � INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- The Muslim 500: The 500 Most Influential Muslims duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic 2011 (First Edition) or mechanic, inclding photocopying or recording or by any ISBN: 978-9975-428-37-2 information storage and retrieval system, without the prior · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily re- Chief Editor: Prof. S. Abdallah Schleifer flect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Researchers: Aftab Ahmed, Samir Ahmed, Zeinab Asfour, Photo of Abdul Hakim Murad provided courtesy of Aiysha Besim Bruncaj, Sulmaan Hanif, Lamya Al-Khraisha, and Malik. Mai Al-Khraisha Image Copyrights: #29 Bazuki Muhammad / Reuters (Page Designed & typeset by: Besim Bruncaj 75); #47 Wang zhou bj / AP (Page 84) Technical consultant: Simon Hart Calligraphy and ornaments throughout the book used courtesy of Irada (http://www.IradaArts.com). Special thanks to: Dr Joseph Lumbard, Amer Hamid, Sun- dus Kelani, Mohammad Husni Naghawai, and Basim Salim. English set in Garamond Premiere -
Map of South Sudan
UNITED NATIONS SOUTH SUDAN Geospatial 25°E 30°E 35°E Nyala Ed Renk Damazin Al-Fula Ed Da'ein Kadugli SUDAN Umm Barbit Kaka Paloich Ba 10°N h Junguls r Kodok Āsosa 10°N a Radom l-A Riangnom UPPER NILEBoing rab Abyei Fagwir Malakal Mayom Bentiu Abwong ^! War-Awar Daga Post Malek Kan S Wang ob Wun Rog Fangak at o Gossinga NORTHERN Aweil Kai Kigille Gogrial Nasser Raga BAHR-EL-GHAZAL WARRAP Gumbiel f a r a Waat Leer Z Kuacjok Akop Fathai z e Gambēla Adok r Madeir h UNITY a B Duk Fadiat Deim Zubeir Bisellia Bir Di Akobo WESTERN Wau ETHIOPIA Tonj Atum W JONGLEI BAHR-EL-GHAZAL Wakela h i te LAKES N Kongor CENTRAL Rafili ile Peper Bo River Post Jonglei Pibor Akelo Rumbek mo Akot Yirol Ukwaa O AFRICAN P i Lol b o Bor r Towot REPUBLIC Khogali Pap Boli Malek Mvolo Lowelli Jerbar ^! National capital Obo Tambura Amadi WESTERN Terakeka Administrative capital Li Yubu Lanya EASTERN Town, village EQUATORIAMadreggi o Airport Ezo EQUATORIA 5°N Maridi International boundary ^! Juba Lafon Kapoeta 5°N Undetermined boundary Yambio CENTRAL State (wilayah) boundary EQUATORIA Torit Abyei region Nagishot DEMOCRATIC Roue L. Turkana Main road (L. Rudolf) Railway REPUBLIC OF THE Kajo Yei Opari Lofusa 0 100 200km Keji KENYA o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 50 100mi CONGO o e The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. -
Sudan: International Dimensions to the State and Its Crisis
crisis states research centre OCCASIONAL PAPERS Occasional Paper no. 3 Sudan: international dimensions to the state and its crisis Alex de Waal Social Science Research Council April 2007 ISSN 1753 3082 (online) Copyright © Alex de Waal, 2007 Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of material published in this Occasional Paper, the Crisis States Research Centre and LSE accept no responsibility for the veracity of claims or accuracy of information provided by contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Occasional Paper, or any part thereof, should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Research Centre, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE 1 Crisis States Research Centre Sudan: International Dimensions to the State and its Crisis Alex de Waal Social Science Research Council Overview This paper follows on from the associated essay, “Sudan: What Kind of State? What Kind of Crisis?”1 which concluded that the two dominant characteristics of the Sudanese state are (a) the extreme economic and political inequality between a hyper-dominant centre and peripheries that are weak and fragmented and (b) the failure of any single group or faction within the centre to exercise effective control over the institutions of the state, but who nonetheless can collectively stay in power because of their disproportionate resources. -
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Articles Titles N Title Writer Abdul-Rahman Al- 1 Tribalism, Ethnicity and Religion Salimi Ethnicity, Tribalism and the Future 2 Burhan Ghalioun of ‘Primitive Societies’ Human Community According to the 3 View of the Holy Qur’an and the Ridhwan Al Sayyid Historic Arab Islamic Experience The Sociology of Nomads and Iraqi 4 Society: with Specific Reference to Faleh Abdul-Jabbar Ali Al-Wardi and Ibn Khaldun The Tribe and the Relationship Muhammad Al- 5 between the Qur'anic Jahiliyya and Rahmuni Ibn Khaldun's Nomadism Tribalism and State in the Era of the Abdullah Al-Said 6 New Nomadism Ould Abah Tribalism: the Key to Understanding 7 Al-Arousi Al-Amri Arab Society, Present and Future Tribe and Religion in Historical and Muhammad bin 8 Anthropological Studies Moosa Hassan Al-Habib Al- 9 Tribe, State and Economy Janhany Religion and ethnicity: between Abdul-Rahman Al- 10 globalization and international Salimi conflict Ethnicity, Tribalism and the Future of ‘Primitive Societies’ Burhan Ghalioun 1- The Concept of Ethnicity Ethnicity, tribal and sectarian conflicts became a main subject for discussion in social and political research domains, not only in the Arab world but also around the globe. However, it is still difficult to agree on a clear and comprehensive definition for ethnicity and its wide horizons. The first mention of the concept may date back to European studies in 1787. It was used to refer to non-Christian nations or groups and mainly related to idolatry. As continuity for the use of this meaning, which referred to whatever was different and negatively distinct from the Christian community, the concept of ethnicity developed(1). -
Proceedings of the 15Th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology, Pages 1–10 Brussels, Belgium, October 31, 2018
SIGMORPHON 2018 The 15th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology Proceedings of the Workshop October 31, 2018 Brussels, Belgium c 2018 The Association for Computational Linguistics Order copies of this and other ACL proceedings from: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 209 N. Eighth Street Stroudsburg, PA 18360 USA Tel: +1-570-476-8006 Fax: +1-570-476-0860 [email protected] ISBN 978-1-948087-76-6 ii Preface Welcome to the 15th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology, to be held on October 31, 2018 in Brussels, Belgium. The workshop aims to bring together researchers interested in applying computational techniques to problems in morphology, phonology, and phonetics. Our program this year highlights the ongoing and important interaction between work in computational linguistics and work in theoretical linguistics. This year, however, a new focus on low resource approaches to morphology is emerging as a consequence of the SIGMORPHON 2016 and CoNLL shared tasks on morphological reinflection across a wide range of languages. We received 36 submissions, and after a competitive reviewing process, we accepted 19. Due to time limitations, 6 papers were chosen for oral presentations, the remaining papers are presented as posters. The workshop also includes a joint poster session with CoNLL, on the CoNLL–SIGMORPHON 2018 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection. We are grateful to the program committee for their careful and thoughtful reviews -
Sudan, Performed by the Much Loved Singer Mohamed Wardi
Confluence: 1. the junction of two rivers, especially rivers of approximately equal width; 2. an act or process of merging. Oxford English Dictionary For you oh noble grief For you oh sweet dream For you oh homeland For you oh Nile For you oh night Oh good and beautiful one Oh my charming country (…) Oh Nubian face, Oh Arabic word, Oh Black African tattoo Oh My Charming Country (Ya Baladi Ya Habbob), a poem by Sidahmed Alhardallou written in 1972, which has become one of the most popular songs of Sudan, performed by the much loved singer Mohamed Wardi. It speaks of Sudan as one land, praising the country’s diversity. EQUAL RIGHTS TRUST IN PARTNERSHIP WITH SUDANESE ORGANISATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT In Search of Confluence Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Sudan The Equal Rights Trust Country Report Series: 4 London, October 2014 The Equal Rights Trust is an independent international organisation whose pur- pose is to combat discrimination and promote equality as a fundamental human right and a basic principle of social justice. © October 2014 Equal Rights Trust © Photos: Anwar Awad Ali Elsamani © Cover October 2014 Dafina Gueorguieva Layout: Istvan Fenyvesi PrintedDesign: in Dafinathe UK Gueorguieva by Stroma Ltd ISBN: 978-0-9573458-0-5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by other means without the prior written permission of the publisher, or a licence for restricted copying from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd., UK, or the Copyright Clearance Centre, USA.