EDITOR'S COLUMN [fABLE OF CONTENTS

t this point in his tenure. the rec urring the mes of George EDITOR'S COLUMN ...... • . 2 A Bush's administrati on are a call PROFILES AND PERSPECTIVES for a " New World Order" in foreign relations and a "New Paradigm" for A Conversation with Anhur ReIcher • •. ••••• • •••••••• _ ..•• •••••3 domesti c policy. The specifics of these aims have not been we ll-defined, A BRAVE "NEWER WORLD" REVISITED however. Certain ideas. like parental Steven B. Klinsky ••••••••• •• •• •••••• •• ••• •••••• •• •• •••••7 choice in education and tenant manage­ EDITORIALS: mCn! of public housing. are indeed pan of the public dcbOlte . But more initia­ Seeing Over the Horizon: ti ves must be fOrlhcorning. The New World Order • ••• •••• ••• . • • • •.•• •• •••••• •••••••• 8 In this issue of the Forum. we attempt HAS THE TIME (FINALLY) ARRIVED FOR CAMPAIGN to provide some specifics. A Forum editorial outlines six principles toward FINANCE REFORM? which President Bush shou ld push the Ken Ru berg • ••••• .•••••• •••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••• • 10 new world order. EdilOrial board mem­ ber Steven Klinsky also makes the case RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC POLICY: for allied burden-sharing and monetary The Community-Based Services Reconstruction Act of 1991 refonn, two aims which must be essen­ Peter Smith .•• •• • ••••• •• •••••••••• •• • ••••••• •••••••••• 12 tial to modem foreign policy making. The Forum has long pushed burden- RECONCILING THE NEW PARADIGM WITH sharing. and in this issue Klinsky takes DARMANISM the idea a step funher by re- presenting Donald T. Bliss. Jr .••• • •• •••••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••.••• 14 the case for a "Free World Fund" 10 aid international decision makers. (Klinsky LEITERS TO THE EDITOR ...... •...... 15 also proposed this idea in the March 1990 Ripon Forum.) IN APPRECIATION, SIL VIO O. CONTE ...... 16 On the domesti c poli cy front. new Forum editorial board member Pete r FROM REMEDIAL PROGRAMS TO PREVENTIVE Smith. who served Vermont in the MEASURES: House of Representati ves during the Policy Options for the '90's 10I st Congress. outlines a "Com­ Pete Wilson •••••• ••• ••• ••• ••••••••••••.• •••• •• • •• ••• •20 munity-Based Services Reconstruction Act." According to the Fonner Vennont THE CHAIRMAN'S CORNER lieutenant governor. the aim of this The Gulf War and Support on the Home Front policy must bclO promotc decentralized William Clinger •• •••••••••••••••••••• • •• •• • •••••••••••• 22 dccision maki ng and local ;Iccoum­ ability for o utcomes. 709 SECOND STREET ...... • ..... • •... . . 23 In presenting an analysis of the "New Paradigm." Ripon Society President WASHINGTON NOTES AND QUOTES ...... • •. . . . . 24 Don Bli ss also offers suggestions for moderate Republicans about how to view domestic policy. And in an inter­ view with the Forum. U.S. Civil Rights RIPON/orum Commission Chainnan Anhur Retche r £dilor, Witti .... P. McKenzie di scusses a variety of civil rights maI­ I'rodllClio .. DiNniN' 8nodlf:y E. KrndIoU £diloritJl Auill""" Mallon Sht~ Party. Manuscripts am pbo!ognIphs;ue soIiclltd. bu. lers. According to R etcher. whcn the l:.'diloritJl StJ<1n, do not repre:senI .... y~wsoftllo: SoclCty unless so.utcd. White House and Congress square off David A. Fuscu. PeIn Sm,th 5«ondcl.... posUI"am feupa;d II Washinaton. D.C. again this year on civil ri ghts legisla­ S,ephen A. Mt!« Corps. Vim and other ,·otWltttf:l. rights legislation should now be caSI as

2 Ripon Forum. March 1991 PROFILES AND PERSPECTIVES A Conversation with Arthur Fletcher

Ripon Forum: You have long been a tually had its rOOl~ in the 1957 and 1964 Republican. even during times when Civi l Ri ghts Acts. Whi le those acts were blacks were not a priori ty within the important. they fail ed to define dis­ pany. Could you please ex plain your cri mination. I knew firsthand, through reasoning and commitment? running a manpower program in the slate of Washing Ion. that discrimination Fletcher: I grew up in Kansas where hlld not been defined. blacks have always looked favorably So when Richard Nixon appointed me upon the Republican Pany. This goes assistant secretary of labor for employ­ back to the Emanc ipation Era when ment standards in 1969, I knew that we southeastern Kan sas was an end of the needed 10 do more Ihan pass another ex­ Underground Railroad. ecuti ve order c:tll ing for fair employ­ The Republican Party was seen as the ment. We needed to show employers pany of freedom. In fact. it was very exactly what discrimination is. So when George Blish tlp/JOinled An"u,. common for each Knnsas county to have I asked George Shultz. who was then Fletcher chairman of ,111' u.s. CiI'il a black as vice-chair of the local GOP. secretary of labor, whether I could have RighfJ Commission ill Pebrllllry 1990. Because of Ihe congregation of blacks 811 1 till' IOllglime Rl'pllblimll figure is in southeast Kansas, they were very in­ nuential in statewide elections. It was Iwr(lIy II(,W fa tile d"il righls debate. 11/ The entire civil rights often sa id that if you could carry fact. 20 years eal'lil'l' Rielwrd Nixon ap­ debate, in the final pointed Fletcher 011 assiswlII secrerar)' western Kansas and the black precincts of labor/or empfoymclII jWl/dards. The in the southeast, you could win analysis, is about Kansas Republican's I""imary aim be­ statewide. economic progress. The came the c/tallenge of diseriminorory I got my stan in politics working on prOt'lices infederal cOlllmerillg. Republican Fred Hall's 1954 guber­ struggle has been aboUl If/ tl/is imen'iew willi Ripon Forum natorial campaign. After serving in his economic equity alld administration, I mm'ed to California. editor Bill McKen:ie. FI('trlle/' ouflines freedom of choice. the relel'WIct' of the " Phifadelphia The pany there was starving for black PlolI," which he 1(lUllcli('(J ill /969 to panicipation. Black leaders, like the late jight slIch discriminotiOIl . Fletcher also Whitney Young. encouraged me and jurisdiction over the office of federal disci/sses Ihe impor/ollce of viewing O1herblack RepUblicans to remain in the contract compliance. he said sure, go 1I1()(/ern eil'if rig/liS issues as ,.dated /0 part y. Young. like many other early ahead. Ol/r lIoliOllal secMiry. Says Fletcher: civil rights leaders. felt it was important My aim was to put teeth into Lyndon "eil'if rights is nOI jllsi abOll1 juslice to have blacks in both panies. That Johnson's earlier order that feder:ll andfair pIa)'. The isslIe is, l1'ill America would provide access, government contractors must be fair hOl'e {llI'orlforce IIwl call compele? II employers. Thecityof Philadelphia was is in Ollr "lIIional inlerel'llo lraill people Ripon Forum: [n 1969 you inlro­ chosen because S4 bi llion in federal 10 produce 10 lite besl of Ilteir (lhilil)'," duced a plan to reduce barriers to contracting was then goi ng into the Arthllr Fletcher opposed George minorities competing for Phi ladelphill's ci ty's all- white construction industry. BIISIt'.f l'elO of lite 1990 Civil Rig/liS Act, federal constru ction projects. This quite We revised an earl ier Ph iladelph ia ali(I j" Ihis itt/en'i('w he states that irnl>onant progralll bccame known as Plan. which stressed voluntary com­ America is 1I0t dealing well»'itlt iu' ra­ the "Philadelphia Plun." Could you pliance. and put in timetables. goals and cial problems. 1ft flu·t, the former pro please describe this initiative and its targets. We knew that Philadelphia had football plaJu sa)'s, some oppOl/elllS of relevance to today? a large black union where the recal­ cil·if rights legislation still dOli' f beline citrant white unions could go for black ill eqllityfor millorities al/d women. Fletcher: The Phi ladelphia Plan ac- employees. The white unions had no

Ripon Forum. March 1991 3 Fletcher: Some of what I'm going to say wi ll make some of my friends mad: there are some things public policy can do, and there are some things public policy can 't do. The federal government is not the in­ strument 10 do what is necessary at the local level. That's why money is being passed back to the states. In fact, Presi­ den! Bush said the other day that money will be sent back to state governors, strings unattached. Now we can say to local people. give us your remedy for these problems. Arthur Fletcher and William McKenzie Ripon Forum: So you think that Fletcher : l11at's where we're stuck. oul. mediating in stitutions, s uch as the There's a lack of a long- tenn view,just Th e impOrlance of a ll this is chu rc h, schools and family, have an in­ as with many other American financial economics. The entire civil ri ghts strumental role in keeping the black debate, in the final analysis, is about institutions. We onl y want to make family whole? economic progress. The stru ggle has money from one quarter to another. been about economic equity and To service the black community. Fletcher: And lhose insti tutions can we're going to have to take a page out freedom of choice. The freedom to mobili7.e resources and assets. choose reSls upon the ability to choose. of the Japanese book. We have to take a and that rests upon the economic means long--tenn view and. say .to what degree Ripon Forum: But what can public to choose. Blacks and other minori ties does the Japanese approach apply 10 the policy measures do? we re historicall y kept out of social areas neighborhoods we want to tum around? by bei ng kept in economic straits. No one has a ptlt answer. But people Fletcher: Public policy can be in· do wonder how Ihe Japanese have volved in training and developing ap­ Ripon Forum: So what are the key turned their economy around into a plicable skills. The federal government civil righu issues toduy? Do they world economic power in j ust two must also do a much beller job of remain related to economic equity? developing the capacit y to comply with the regulations they impose upon Fletcher: What you would hear from To service th e black mediating organizations. The will to Iry blacks in a tour across the country is, community, we're going to anything in the '60s and '70s was si mp­ how do we part icipate in the economy ly destroyed by government hardss­ of this counlry? ThaI question starts have to toke a page out of menl. The fee ling was that government with, howdo we control the economy in the Japanese book. We was not serious because no training was our own nei ghborhoods? It hilS been es­ have to take a long-term provided about how to keep the books timated that the black communit y repre­ these auditors wanted. If there is going sents a markel of $300 .bi llion. But View. to be a new round of money goi ng back blacks don 'I conlroltwo 10 three percent to Ihe states and cities. then there must of lhat share. So the issue is, how do we generations. also be a meeting of the minds about the begin to gel our foot in the door. and This is why we're hearing so much kinds of records that will be needed. eventuall y our whole body? about the black fami ly loday. We've People althe local level can then say we taken a quick. look at the close-knit are compl yi ng with your requirements. Ripon Forum: How do you do that? Japanese and Korean fam il y, and we've I don' t believe that civil ri ghts and said that u pan of their success is their welfare legislation are the same thi ng. It Fletcher: The key is 10 begin to use closeness. Blacks resent that th e may be that the White House is about to the same institulions th aI other so­ Japanese und Koreans don'l go into sub­ mix upthe two in the 1991 Civil Ri ghts called minorities have used. This means urbs to run businesses, bUI into our Acl. But in the pasl, vo ting ri ghts h:ld organizing the kinds offinancial institu­ neighborhoods. But blacks also see their nothing to do with welfare. tions that wou ld devise strategies to success. Their businesses are family­ make money from the neighborhoods run. and there is respect for each other. Ri pon Forum: You had ri ghts issues from which they draw their money. This There are some th ings to learn here. and opportunity-related issues. includes creating black banks and black insurance companies to service their Ripon Forum: But how do you design Fletcher: In too many minds, those communities. policies that ei ther sustain the black two are mixed up. The U.S. Commis­ family or e nh ance it s entrepre­ sion of Civil Rights. for instance, is not Ripon Forum: How do you do that? neurialism? aboul welfare.

4 Ripon Forum, March 1991 sisting them with the means 10. say, pur­ Ripon Forum: There's a school of chase their own public housing units or Ripon Forum: Last year you wrote Ihoughllhal says Ihal we should lake Ihe to prov ide them more power over their that the Bush administration should nOi existing welfare programs and lum then local schools? Do you have an y velo the 1990 Civil Ri ghts Act.lhat you inlO workfare programs. Thi s means thoughts on these issues? had heard the same argument about replacing welfare with guaranteed jobs, about quolas back when you introduced much like with Ihe old Civilian Conser­ Fletcher: Yes. LeI's t:lke the schools Ihe Phi ladelphia Plan. How will Presi­ vation Corps. What is your opinion of first. dent Bush's veto of that bill affect his this idea? I'm incl ined to support the idea that standing among black voters? neighborhood schools should be more Fletcher: Employmem of affinnative responsive to the needs of their students. Fletcher : I hear mixed emotions. Let action in 1969, as J perceived it . was J would be inconsistenl if I were to say me talk fi rst about what he']] benefit workfare. But let me step back. If this that I oppose freedom of choice. from. country had been right at the end of I don ' I have any problem wilh a If we were to go back to the late' 50s World War II . we wouldn 'I of had a civ il voucher system which says 10 im­ and early '60s, the black community ri ghts re volution. Many of us should poveri shed households, here your was much more of a one issue group. have come out of school and found ajob chi ldren can now go to school some­ President Bush's extnlord inary high wailing. We should have been working where else. This kind of system can standing in the black community, up so hard that Martin Luther King would create competition at the neighborhood until his veto, is a product of the diver­ not have found an army waiting 10 level and improve the qual ity of educa­ sity of the modem black community. ti on to the point where families won't I don't believe that civil want to send thei r youngsters off to Ripon Forum: I should interject Ihat private schools. black columni st Tony Brown reports rights alld welfare When public schools fi nally "bu y that in last year's congressional elec­ legis/ation are the same into" the idea that they must compete, tions, which took place after the civil they can become as competiti ve as ri ghts veto, Republicans got nearly 22 thing. It may be that the anybody. They can design slr,Hcgies to percent of the black vote. That's near White HOllse is abollllO make themselves competiti ve. I'd like to see our public and private schools so mix lip the two in the 1991 Civil rights is now 0 equal that a famil y wo uld have a hard Civil Rights Act. lime deciding whether to send theirkids national security issue. It 10 pri vate schooL is not just about justice protest. It 's also important for industry to show Butlhere were no jobs for blacks. My that they want schools to compete. Their andfair play. The isslle is, children have said. look you went to own needs are at stake. The more in­ will America have a school. gol a skill and came out but there dustries get involved and say, let's help workforce that can was no job. schools do their job, the more I'm in­ I looked on affinnati ve action in the clined to believe the schools can do their compete? 1960s as a two-edged sword. One part job. It will probably be fi ve to 15 years said 10 managers, employ people who before the impact can be seen. meet your standards. The other pan said the party's all- time high of recent years. to minorities, go to school. equip your­ Ripon Forum: What is your estima­ Fletcher: That's an indicalion of Ihe self and you' ll get a job. ti on ofthe administration's approach to maturity I'm talking about. It 's es­ public housing, which focuses on tenant timated Ih a t o ne-th ird o f blac k Ripon Forum: ButI'm talking about management or ownership of public househo lds have made it into and a guaranteed public job. where training uni ts? beyond the middle class. They certain­ and day care are provided instead of ly have different issues. In fact. they're welfare. Fletcher : I'm positive on that. The prelly hard nose on taxes. The president more one is responsible for one's liv ing lost some ground with them when he Fletcher: I see providing Ihe welfare condition, the more emphatic one be­ switched his position on taxes last year. recipient with the means 10 be produc­ comes in improving their environment. Many of these vo ters are very inter­ tive, such as day care. And J see provid­ Of course, some units can 't be con­ ested in education, crime, drugs and ing those essentials to keep productive verted, but I believe there are far more taxes. They are also eXlremely inter­ people going. But J would nOI go so far un its which can be converted into ested in Operation Desert Stonn. That's as to guarantee a job. Didn 't the Soviets private ownership. a major issue on black radio stations. provide some guarantees which didn ', But you just can 't transfer ownership The black element that is supporting the president on this issue is not saying work '00 well? and expect immediate results. This is where the cit y. county and state can play much, but those who oppose him are Ripon Forum: What is your estima­ a role. They can get people ready for being very vocal. Yel if you dri ve tion of the Bush administration 's push home ownership. Community colleges through some black neighborhoods, you to "empower" poor people through as- can help also. see more fl ags than I can ever re mem­ beL

Ripon Forum . March 1991 5 reall y wants to deal with it. Ripon forum: So President Bush Ripon Forum: As you know, the key Ripon Forum: What is your pred ic­ doesn' t lose as much with the black stumbling block in last year's civil tion about the 1991 civil ri ghts debate? middle class over his civil ri ghts velO as rights legislati on was the issue of What kind of legislation will emerge? he does wilh those blacks who have not quotas. A lot of the debate centered been able to escape povcny? around whether stat istical imbalances in Fletcher : I'm going to take the Fifth a workforce could be used to prove dis­ here, On second thought , no, rill not. f letcher: To a degree. What people crimination. What do you think about The battle must be fought on ne w talk about are the "three reali ties:" the this issue? ground . What I heard last year was one-third of blacks who've made it. the debate about topics that were prevalenl one-chird who are on the slippery slope Fletcher: That's what I used in 1969 in the '60s, '70s and '80s. I'm not sure tryi ng to make it and the one-third who [laughter). 1 said that an employer had that me mbers of Congress will be deal­ are mired in the ho pelessness of the to demonstrate that he or she made a ing with the issue of ci vil ri ghts lind ghello. good faith effort to recruit minority workforce sccurity. I'm concerned that The blacks on the slippery slope may employees. I've shown many top CEOs the de bate about the ·90s. and even the go eilhe r wa y, My view is that a sig­ statistical breakdowns about salaries year 2010, which we ought to be di s­ nifican! number of those who make it and hiring practices and said. you'd cussing, is going 10 go by the boards. pass the threshold are less inclined to be h:tvc a hard time prov ing a good faith ef­ Our workforce must be a national hig h- profile, ex tre me ly voc al fon was made here. security issue. But this year's debate Democrats. The group on the slippery I don', buy into the idea that the 1990 might not deal with that. Ci vil rights is slope is not nearly so Democratic. They bill would have automatically ended in now a national security issue. It is not have hope and want to fini sh their quotas. What some of the opposition to just about just ice and fairplay. The issue education or training. the bill is really saying. and I know some is. will America have a workforce that The group which is povery stricken is of them well . is that the mere aCI of can compele? By the year 2000 thai highl y vocal and you know whe re they hiring a black is preferential treatment. work force is going to be made up of be­ stand. But th is group doesn't vote :IS You have toexp1:l in if you don' t have a tween 75%-80% mino rit ies a nd much as they should. The chances for a black, and you have \0 ex plain if you do women. The civil ri ghts debate is not b;lcklash from th is group are not hi gh in have one. But I think these people just going to be about the contribution these 1992 . unless Jesse [Jac ks", n] and don', believe in equi ty for minorities people can make to keep the country [De moc ratic Party ClllIi rman Ron] and women. st:tble. But it 's in our national interest to Brown do a massive job of getting them Pollster Lou Harris said recentl y that train people to produce to the best of to the polls. our toughest problcm is race. No one their ability. • Read The RIPON/orum. The Only Magazine of Its Kind.

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6 RifJOrl Forum, March / 991 A BRAVE ''NEWER WORLD" REVISITED sible domestic policy defic it reduction - our $300 bi llion per year eharge­ 8 y Ste\'en It Klinsky programs - such as cost effi ciencies. even in peacetime. tax fairness and means-testing of some Second. the disorganized nature of the lmost four years ago. in 1987. entitlements - should be pursued in present fundmising effort leads to in­ Ripon commissioned a collec­ parallel. consistencies and abuses. For example. tion of public policy essays, en· A it now appears that Britain. which is titled "A Newer World," for which I BURDEN SHARING showing great bravery and generosity in wrote thc economics chapter. Though fighti ng alongside A merica. may much is taken of Ihm work, much he importance of burden shari ng is receive less allied financial support than abides. In panicular, the two primary in­ now obvious in light of the Iraqi T America does because our diplomats itiatives of my piece - allied burden war. For the first time. the United States ou traced theirs 10 the payment win­ sharing and international monetary government has put its diplomatic force firnll y behind "responsibility sharing" dows. Adhocr.lcy also permits nations refonn - ha ve moved from the nether­ to unfairly stake out where their money world of academic debate QniO the and. in tum. has received very sati sfac­ goes. so that Gennany can become the newspaper fronl pages. It therefore tory ne:lr-term resullS. At Imest count. saviour of centml Europe and Japan can seems 'Ipproprialc 10 revisit thc essay America's allies wil l bear approximate­ be the dispenser of foreign aid to poten­ and update i1 for current developments. ly 80% of the connict's monetary cost. Even bpan . which has moved wi th the tial new commercial markets while the THE DEFICIT AS FOREIGN greatest reluc tance. is now committed to U.S. and Britai n ;lre left with the scul POLICY pursue $9 billion of contribution. work of trench warfare and aerial bom­ bardments. he national economic debate in As President Bush pursues his new T 1987 was focused on deficit reduc­ As President Blish world order. he mu st also pursue a lion. with the topic framed as a domes­ mechanism for funding that order. The lic policy question o(laxalion vs. spend­ pursues his new world United Nations is serving as a rallying ing. The "Newer World" essay argued, order, he must also pursue point in the current connict. but is con­ in essence. that the deficit question is a mechanismforfilllding tinuall y vulnerable 10 Chinese or Soviet also a foreign policy question. tied to the security council veto. In the longerterm. sharing of common costs with our allies that order. In the longer a fonnal "Free World Fund" of the and to the reduction in imerest rates term, aformal "Free western n:lt ions should be instituted. made possible by stabili zi ng our curren­ World Fund" of the Such a fund would col lect proceeds cy relative to fore ign currencies and fTOm all allies who support a specific basic commodity prices. Reforms in western nations should be program (including such non-defense these two areas would allack the two instituted. programs as space exploration. pure principal sources of our deficit - our science research. medical research. $300 billion annual defense bill and our global ecology and foreign aid) and dis­ $300 billion annual interest payment. At At the same time. the inadequacies of tribute those funds to the specific na­ the same time. the counterproducti ve the existing ad hoc burden sharing tions best equipped to accomplish the foreign policy of trade wars and protec­ process are more obvious than ever. common task. The volu ntary nature of tionism wou ld be avoided and the al ­ First. the current effort relmes only to the contribution would give nations li ance would be strengthened rat her the specific costs of war ,md ignores the such as Japan and Gcnnany a way to in ­ than weakened. The private sector much costlier process of war readiness. fluence allied defense and common would bene fi t from the low interest It is as if a municipal taxpayer is being pol icy within the bounds of thei r own ra tes. avoidance of tax increases and asked to support the town fire pacifism and limi ted will to lead. reduced government dissaving. $en- department's operations onl y on the day Imponantly. the poli ti cal opportunity his own house is in names and to ignore 10 create such an institution may now be the purchase of the fire truck and the at its highest poin t. The Iraqi war has Stel"en O. Klinsky is a member of tile training of the firemen. Proper respon­ forced each allied nation to consider its Ripon Forum editorial board alld wos sibil ity sharing must include Sharing responsi bilities to the alliance. The lhe economics cOlllrihlllor to rhe Ripon costs of preparation as well as execu­ domestic debates in Japan and Gennany Sociely' s 1988 hook. "A Newer World: tion. Our allies must fai rl y support the The Progressil'e Re/Jllhlicon Vision of upkeep of free world military readiness COl/til/lied 01/ page 16 America."

Ripon Fomm. March 1991 7 EDITORIALS

SEEING OVER 'I'HE HORIZON: 'IRE NEW WORLD ORDER n his second epic on Winston Chur­ -confl ic t resolutio n thro ug h costs of this U.S.-led military engage­ chill, "The Last Lion: Alone 1932- functioning international ment has been paid for directly or I 1940," William Manchester writes organizations; through pledges from a llied pa r­ that "Political genius lies in seeing over - democratic capitalis m . open ticipants. the horizon. anticipating a fulure in­ markets and free trade agreementS; Why can 'l th is same international visible to others," -the ri ght to self-

8 Ripon Forum. March /99/ To be sure, these political moves progress is intricately related to self­ ing and reducing the air and water pol­ wo uld test the feasibility of resol vi ng determination in Central Europe. lution threatening so much of Cent ral regional confli cts through the auspices To be fair. the Bush administration has Europe. o f the international political com­ launched a Citizens Democracy Corps To some degree. the Bush administra­ munity. But we might as well gauge the and a Eastern European Growth Fund , tion is beginning to stop its foot-

Ripon Forum. March 1991 9 HAS THE l1ME (FINALLY) D FOR CAMPAIGN FlNANCE REFORM? third State-of- Ihe-Uni on address, cial and ideological intereslS - con­ by Ken Ruberg members of Congress are juslifiably tributed almost $ 144 million tocongres­ nervous in the wake of war-time ter· sional candidates in the general elec· ay 5, 1987 - While not yet roristthreals aguinslthe Capilol. Moods tion. This fi gure equals nearly 34% of the subject of front- page ex ­ worsen when George Bush voices a the total monies raised. poses, America's savings M threat of an entirely different nature: Of note, PACsgaveS ll1 million to in­ and loan indu~ l ry is quietl y losing Icns "One of the reasons there is so much cumbent lawmakers, SI7 mill ion to of billions of dollars each year. At issue support for lenn limitalions is that Ihe open seat candidates and onl y $ 16 mil­ in Congress is whether 10 begin clean­ Ameri can people are increasingly con· lion to challengers. While 22% of all ing up what emerge as a $500 bi l· will cerned aboul big money influence in Senate campaign revenues came from lion scandal; more specifically, whether politics. The time has come to put the PACs, they contributed a far greater to require the industry to take actions national inte rest above the special inter· proportion of House campaign necessary [0 close some of the worst ests and lotally eliminate political ac· proceeds. In fact, very nearly half of all (but politically well--co nneclcd) S& Ls lion commi nccs." incumbent candidates for the House of before they lose billions more. Follow­ Re presenlat ives re lied o n in te rest ing almost two years of delay, and after With these few words, George Bush groups rather than consti tuents and in­ receiving millions of dollars in legal broughl added momentum to the cause dividual citizens for a majority of their campaign gifts from the same industry of campaign fi nance refonn and ethics reelection campaign's resources. it's failed \0 effecti vely regulate. the in government . Powerful incumbents in Since labor P ACs cont ribute almost House of Rcprescntali vcs votes no. Congress, technicians and campaign exclusively to Democratic candidates consultants in both political panies and while business and association PACs October, 1990 - After years of a vast array of interest groups nonethe­ more even ly di vide their contributions, political deadlock and $2 trillion dol lars less remain skeptical of, or hostile to, Democmtic candidates received almost in federal borrowing. Congress faces an an y fundamental change in the way 589 million from polilieai action com­ historic opponunity to begin addressi ng federal elections are financed. mittees during Ihe 1988 e lections. America's most significant economic The emerging debate - cert ai n to es­ Republicans received on ly $55 million. challenge. At issue now is a bipartisan calate as the " Keating Five" Senate In the sameeleCiion, by Ihe wa y, incum­ de fi cit- reduction agreement endorsed e thics inquiry progresses and 1992's bent De mocrlllic candidates for the by President Bush and congressional post-redistricting elections draw nearer House of Re presentatives benefit ed leaders to el iminate nearl y $500 billion - presents imponant queslions. How from $53 million in PAC contributions in federal borrowing through a regime should Republicans who favor limited while th eir Republican c halle ngers of spending restraints and tax increases. but responsive government view efforts received jusl $2 million. Confronted by a recession and the need to funher regu late political ri ghts? Can Also worth nOling is the high cost of for tough decisions they're elected to progress towards ethics in government campaigns. Senator Tom Harkin spent make, Congress is ti ed in knots for be legislated whi le encouraging elec­ $5 million last year to gai n reelection in weeks by interest group lobbying. toral competition? Will Congress fina l· the small Slate of Iowa: Senator j ohn political fear and ideological warfare. Iy aCI on campaign finance refonn after Seymour of California expects to need Cons ume r confide nce drops as 15 years of inact ion? $20 million in 1992. The "average" Washington wresllcs wilh itself. Senate inc umbe nt must now raise CURRENT TRENDS $20,000 each week of their six- year J a nu a r y 29, 199 1 - Crowded te nn of offi ce. togelher in the chamber of the House of egardless of one's view towards Representatives to hear the presidem 's R these and re lated questions, cur­ MODERN PROBLEMS rent practices and tre nds in eleC lion Ken R!lberg is e.fec/IIiI·e director of Ihe financing are indisputably revealed by o be fair, there are those who sin­ Republican Moi"strtf(lm Commiltt.'e, an Federal EleCiion Commission reports. T cerely be lieve that escalating cam­ organizatio" which encourages grass During the 1988 eleclion cycle. politi. paign costs and the growi ng influence rOOIS a ctivism by Republica" cal action comminees (PACs) - whi ch of political action comminees don't moderates. represent a spectrum of economic, so- warrant concern. They argue Ihat

10 Ripon Forum. March 1991 government 's im ponance more than the appearance and reality of corrup­ justifies the cost of campaigns, that an CandidaTes musT tion, and exJXISC itself to the rigors of overw helming majority of elected offi ­ JXIlit ical competition. cials and lobbyists are honest and that sysTemaTically appeal TOa Any such legislalion should as a fi rst caution should be exercised in govern ­ variety of inTeresTg roups, priorit y either prohibit PAC contribu­ ment regulation of political freedoms in tions to federal candidates or, ifneces­ a democratic society. Conversely, many of which seek sary to pass constitutional muster, limit others argue that. even if a problem does specific promises and them to $1.000 per candidate per elec­ ex ist, it can' t be proven and th at commifme1l1S before tion. If PAC gifts arc limited ratherthan proposed remedies are likely 10 be inef­ ban ned. strict overall limits on the total fecti ve or counterproductive. making endorsemems or amount a candidate can accept from While each of these arguments con­ contributions. JXIlilical ac ti on committees should be tains meri t. a broader look al Congress established. and its cand idates re vea ls th at fun ­ The problem here isn'TThaT At the same time, "soft .. money con ~ damental problems exist. The savings candidates break Th eir tribulions - unlimited gifts to nati onal and loan scandal by itself demonstrates promises bUT ThaT, once polit ical party organizations which to­ the existence of occasional qu id pro taled over $50 million during the 1988 quos, but the problematic relationship eleCTed, Jhey Try TO keep presidential contest - should be fu ll y between special interest contributors them. disclosed and better regulated. and lawmakers is admilledly more com­ The Supreme Court's decision in plex and far more pervasive than "vote suppan or oppose various causes. Buckley v. Va/eo. easily one of the most buying." Common sense alone dictates that the wrong-headed decisions of the 19705. To wi n electi ons, growing numbers of workings of democracy are distoned by makes e fforts to restrain campaign candidates rely on high-priced cam· th e dependencies between money­ spending more difficul t. By equating paign consultants and substantial adver­ hungry lawmakers and the large con­ JXI litical spending with "speech." the tising budgets. To finance thei r cam­ tributors who feed them. Time-pres­ Coun ruled that mandatory spending paigns and to appeal to voters. can· sured legislators make time for lob­ limits we re unconstitutional . didates must systematicall y appeal to a byists at the expense of const ituents. Some refo rm e rs have pro posed variety of interest groups. many of Financial clout magnifi es the impor­ amending the Constitution to authori ze which seek speci fi c promises and com­ tance of relati vely minor interest groups spending limi ts. Congress should in­ mitments before making endorsements and their legislati ve agendas. To avoid stead enact a voluntary system of limits or contributions. conniet with the best- fin anccd interest on congressional campaign spend ing, The problem here isn't that candidates groups, members of Congress become like that seen in presidential elections break their promises but that, once cautious. The process by which Con­ since 1976. and rely on incenti ves to en­ elected . they try to keep the m. gress elects its own leaders is even in­ courage compliance by candidates. Representative Jim Leach. a long-time Ouenced when ambitious politicians Fin all y. campaig n fi nance reform Republican advocate of reform. stresses make and steer cam paign contributions legislation should be compre hensive in that "fedeml deficits begin in federal toward colleagues in an effort to build scope. add ressing other problems and spending and fedeml spending begi ns in favor. Over time. Congress's ability to issues not discussed here. including in­ promises and obl igations, and all this rationa ll y make difficult public JXIli cy depe nde nt expenditures. so-call ed begins with JXIliticians. It begi ns in the choices is seriously undernl ined. " leadership PACs," contribution "bun­ wa y campai gns are run. in commit­ Stated bluntly. the way in whic h we dling" and the need for better disc losure ments to large contributors, no matter fi nance JXI1iti cai campaigns - the per­ and enforce ment . who they are." verse system of i ncent iyes and disincen­ Knowing which actions are required One way or another. most successful tives which permeates congressional !O clean up Congress isn't difficult, candidates arri ve in Washington carry­ po litics - is corrupting American frankly. The greater problem is a politi­ ing not onl y a long list of obligations but democracy. To believe otherwise is to cal one: convi ncing incum bent mem­ also a campaign debt which PACs are believe thai interest groups contribute bers of Congress of both panies 10 ad­ sudde nl y happy to help retire. New $ 150 million every two years without vance larger public interests by regulat­ members of Congress must immediate­ improper expectations, and that mem­ ing themsel ves. ly decide whi ch commi nees to seek as­ bers of Congress. otherwise human in That won't be easy. Legislators are signment to. hoping not onl y to serve evcry respect. are ethical paragons who reluctant to yield the advantages of in­ their constituents but also to faci litate accept this money from vi nuai strangers cum bency, supJXIn for PACs is becom­ the constant fundmising effons which wi thout gratitude. in g De mocrat ic doc trine, and characteri ze the month- t

Ripon Forum. March /991 /I RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC POLICY: THE COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1991 without ho pe. If we don't stop to as disastrous as they are unavoidable. 8 y Peter Sm ith reexamine both the assumptions and the With a slatic or slowly growing popula­ structure of domestic social policy, we ti on. and a rapidly growing underclass, hink of il. An Amcric:m domes­ will be saying that more money alone the assumptions about governme nt tic policy thai treats families, in­ will fix the problems, and that we're spending - from categorical progmms divi duals and communities as if T satis fi ed wi th these results to date. to e ntitleme nts - will not be sus­ they manered. tainable. Already in Social Securit y we Thiny years ago, of course. we em­ RADICAL have slipped from over six people barked on a great commitment a com­ RESTRUCTURING paying in for every one who is receiv­ mitment to help the poor and the disad­ ing benefi ts to just over three paying in vanlaged with services. support and or years we have argued social for every bene fi ciary. care. The will was greal. the good policy as a moral issue. But for will F Domestic policy, however, is more greale r, and the money. while never those who reject that argume m, let me t han a q uestion o f dolla rs, jobs, what some had dreamed of. accurnu- add another dimension. We must radi­ categorical programs a nd i nte r­ 1<11ed over the years into an c:\lraord i­ call y restructu re our social policy be­ governmental relations. It is also .. bout nary ex pendit ure. cause wecan no longer afford its failure. power: who has it and who does not. Today. if we arc as commiued to the It is a matter of our economic survival. America's unique promise is that the dream of equali ty and opportunity as we Le t 's review th e trends. As our table of opponunity has an unl imited were 30 years ago. we need 10 look al bi nhrate has declined. the share of new number of sealS. But without oppor­ the record: How are we doing? Are binhs taken by minority and other poor tunity and hope, our de mocracy is people breaking the povert y cycle? Are Americans has grown significantl y. th reatened. the administrative structures work ing? These are the very people who have Do the results match up with our inte n­ been fa iled by our social and educalion­ INFORMATION AGE tions or our hopes? al systems. who have not been able to I be lieve the answer is, "Some are become productive, contribut ing mem­ ower, of course, is related directly doi ng well. but most are not." To be berof our society. Unless we succeed in Pto knowledge. And we are cenain­ sure, some stu nning successes exist - brin ging those Ame ricans into the Iy living in a time of revolutionary legal services, Head Stan, WIC and Pel! mainstre am of our nation's lifestyle. we c ha nge regarding knowledge. The Grants - to name a few. But tOO often will fa il sociall y. civically andeconomi­ change is driven by the combination of the conseque nces of our domest ic call y. developing and existing technologies, policies are a sad tale of whole com­ Consider two examples. If we don't do knowledge and data known generall y as munities separated from the economic a radically beller job getting children the " info nnation revolution." What's and social mainstre am. of broken li ves. ready to learn , getti ng fa milies ready to unique about this is that while infonna­ perpetual poveny, lost hope and lost suppon them in learning and gelling ti on empowers, abundant infornlation ambiti on - an economic apanheid as schools structured to max imize learn­ decent rali zes power. More than ever. devastating as it is unintended. ing, we will lose the skilled work fo rce people are far less dependent on t ..... di· It is time to care again; 10 care so much which has made our society prosper tional hie rarchi es - governme ntal, that we are willing to go to the roots of throughout this century. Then we will political , corporate, union and religious our domestic policy and reexamine face the prospect of losing jobs overseas - for th eir info rm ation and their them; to care so much that we begin the nOl because we have been out-com­ opinions. radical reconstruction of our policy so peted or out-thought. but because our This revolutionary change has ex­ that it is now fri endly to families in human resource policies have failed to traordinary implications for our domes­ crisis, people in need and communities nunure Americans and Ameri can com­ tic policy structure and presents a com­ munities in need. If we don' t do a radi ­ pelling case for radical resonstruction. cally better job o f incorpo rating The purpose of our domestic social Peter Smith sen'ed as a member o[COI/­ fam ilies, ind iv iduals and communities policy agenda should be simply getling Gress [rom Vermont in the IOlst COII­ into the mainstream. the long tenn im ­ people ready to learn, to work and to li ve gress amJ is a /lew member o[the Ripon plications for government fi nancing are constructively and producti vely to their Forum editoria f board.

12 Ripon Forum , March 1991 greatest capacity. *direction that the local planning res ulte d more often in beller This means our policies should: group woul d be responsible for stipulat­ bureaucratic cooperation but precious ·be friendl y to famil ies, to homes, to ing improved perfonnance stand:trds lillIe service delivery improvement. communities and to work; compared to their historical perfor­ Of course, people with need, and com­ · di gnify clients with choices lhat mance achievements; muniti es in need. arc not defi ned by reflect thei r uni verse of need andoppor­ . Ii st the federal programs which were category. but by the person or the neigh­ tunity; eligib[e for inclusion in the reconstruc­ borhood or the family. And profes­ · treat the professionals who deliver ti on activity at the Slate and local level sionals are, by definition. people with services like the professionals they are, (Job Training Partnership Act, welfare. the abi[i ty toact with discretion. making giving them choices and responsibili ti es WIC. Medicaid. Medicare, ment al higher [evel decisions. Yet we persist in they do not curreml y have in return for health services. and SO on ); sticking wit h outmoded policies and an­ greater accountabi li ty for the outcomes ·stipulate a planning and approval tiquated accountability structures which - the empowerment - which is the process for the community-based plan cost us billions of dollars that could goal of their acti vity: and wi th limited financial support for the otherwise go to services and an untold · incorporate the great slrength of planning effon; wealth of missed opponunities and lost America, our diversity ,as an organizing ·stipu late a monitoring and evaluation goodwill. principle. Although we trumpet our na­ effort which allows for continual lIC­ Consider some of the possible models: tionallove affair with diversi ty from the countabi li ty by the community-based · a welfare/workfare progr:lm in- speaker's rostrum. we continue to build group to its stated plan lind intended out­ tegrated with JTPA and/or Pe ll grant programs as if all needs were the same comes; money to give low income women an and all living situat ions and psyches opportunity to protect their children were comparable. And. of course, it just The Community-Based with Medicaid and child care benefits isn' t that way. It is time to create a while learning new skills and earning policy through which we encourage Services Act of 1991 would their wa y away from dependence on the d iversit y within a broad set of couple empowermel7l with government; parameters. ·a community of severely disabled The focu s of our domestic policy. as professionalism, people who li ve on their own and Jim Pi nkenon of the White House sug­ decentralization and manage the caregivers who help them gested in these pages last December, accountobility for with their daily li vi ng: or should be on "what works." The designs *an educational model for elde rl y day wi ll be locally developed. endorsed and outcomes. care that emphasizes growing, learning im plemented, wi th the government ac­ and creating as opposed to the medical ting as panner and agent to the process. · clearly state that all federal and st:lle model which warehouses and restricts After three decades of mandated design auditing requ irements would be based the e~t"lord i n3ry talent and experience and redesign from the federal govern­ on the adopted plan. not on previously of our senior ci ti 7.e ns in need of day ment. which were then passed on to the e~is l i ng federal and Slate program re­ care; or stat es, this time the opportunity to quirements; *an integrated living plan for disabled redesign should be voluntary and ·stipulate that all target populations of and retarded children as they make their reserved for those who believe they can the programs included would be in­ transition from school to work. from de­ create a more effective :lpproach. volved in the program design and desig­ pendence to independence. nated as beneficiaries of the com­ The Communi ty-Based Services THE COMMUNITY-BASED munity-based plan; and Reconstructi on Act of 1991 would in­ SERVICES RECONSTRUC· ·assure that all political entities and troduce these new concepts in domestic TION ACT OF 1991 providers' involvement was electi ve social policy. It wou ld coupleempower­ and voluntary, driven onl y by thei r me nt with professionillism . he refonn vehicle for this change vision and the agreements they could decentral ization and accountability for T should be "The Community-Based reach wi th other service providers and o utcomes. It would al so place the Services Reconstructi on Ac t of [991." client groups. responsibil ity and the aut horit y for so­ which should be proposed in the first cial policy implementation where it tenn of the I02nd Congress. This act WHY DO THIS AT ALL? belongs: at the local level. Thi s act would allow states and communities to would shift the focus from legislat ing reconstruct social service deli very he primary historical purposes of categories and audits were to models to legislating a planning and ac­ programs for higher perfornlance. The T countability process which promotes a intention would be to encourage profes­ pro tect th e qUlllit y of services to specified I3rget populations. It w:tS di versit y of models and applications. [t sion:ll s. community members and would also ensure higher outcomes and clients to have a di rect hand in the or­ Congress ' way of ensuring that its wi ll. and that of the e~ec uti ve branc h. was bener use of sC:lrce resources for the ganization and implementat ion of social professionals, commun ities and clients services in their communi ti es. done. But the cOSt to them has been a loss of involved. It 's time to try before the con­ The act would include: sequences of our demography and a ·a set of indicators which emphasize fle ~ ibility and discretion inlhe solution of the problems. The ensuing correc­ rapidly changi ng world become too independence, work . fami ly and com­ much for our country to overcome . • munity; ti ves, designed to integrate services,

Ripon Forum, March 1991 RECONCILING THE NEW PARADIGM WITH D SM

This wealthiest fifth. according to For moderate Republicans. the answer by Donald T. R1i ss, Jr. ReiC h . is becomin g a social and must lie in the way these principles are economic elite. increasingly isolated topical question for moderate implemented. and thus we come to Dick from the rest of the nation's population. Republicans is whether we Dannan's now notorious sj:H!ec h. Dar­ Obsessed with exclusivity in the neigh­ embrace the concepts outlined man stressed the imponance of en­ A borhood in which they li ve, the schools by White House staffer Jim Pinkerton in couraging creative ideas that are in which their children are educated. the his now-famous speech on the "New seriously oriented toward problem­ stores in which they shop and the recrea­ Paradigm." (See Ripon Forum. Sep. solving. using the states as la boratories tion they pursue. these cultural elitists tember 1990. pgs. 10- 11.) Does me to test these ideas and providing exten­ are losing touch with the harsh reality of "New Paradigm" represent the thematic s i ve evaluation of bot h fede ral our increasingly d ivisive societ y. future of the Republ ican Party? programs and non-federal experiments Moreover, they are impairing the ef­ This has been the subject of lively in problem solving. Darman fu rther ficiency of the free-mark et economy debate in the press. fueled in part by a stressed the importance of an orderly they so fervently espouse by neglecting speech by Office of Management and evolution of the idea through pilot the great human resources of OUT nati on Budget Director Richard Dannan that projects from intermediate scale to full - rich in dive rsity and hungry for was ponrayed (in my view. mistakenly) scale and then the establishment of a qualit y education and opportunity. The as an auack by the establishment competition for resource allocation reality is that the chasm between lhe rich Republicans against innovative conser­ based on the meri ts of actual perfor­ and the poor, the heallhy and the unheal­ mance. vative thinking. Despite the criticisms th y, white America and the minorities. leveled by some righl- wingers against In one sense. Dannan's suggestions the upwardly mobile and the so-called Darman's speech. I came away from the merely fl esh out the fifth principle of the permanent underdass, grows wider Council for Excellence in Government New Paradigm - an emphasis on what wi th each passi ng day. luncheon at which he gave hi s remarks works. Moderate Republicans can embrace wi th an entirely different impression. I QUESTIONS thought thai Darm'ln was suggesting a the pri nciples of the ';New Paradi gm." pragmatic results-oriented approach to ow are these concerns addressed The fla ws of the "Old Paradigm" are the development and evaluation of H by the principles of the "New now apparent - that paternalistic sj:H!c ific government programs that. if Paradigm," wh ich include: I) greater cent ralized government. often working followed. would im plement and fl esh sensitivity to the global marketplace: 2) in connict wi th marketplace forces. out the type of thematic policies ex­ increasing indivi dual choice: 3) em­ should be substi tuted for indi vidual em­ pressed in the "New Paradigm." powering people to make choices for powennent and choice in meeting the Put another way, it seems to me that themselves: 4) decentralization: and 5) needs of the less advantaged. modemte Republicans should embrace an emphasis on what works? But moderate Republicans have a spe­ many of the themes espoused in the For example. will the adoption of cial obl igation to ensure that federal "New Paradigm." However. as prag­ these principles result in greater integra­ policies designed 10 implement the New matists. we need to translate these lion or divisiveness of our society? And Paradigm are in the interest of all "slogans" into practical government do these principles suggest a hands-off Americans and do not serve simply to that addresses the serious problems approach by government, in which the widen the gap between the haves and facing our economic and social systems. primary beneficiary of increased have-nots in our society. If RepUblicans As Harvard sociologist Robert B. Reich re liance on the marketplace, indi vidual can devise federal programs that suc­ pointed out recentl y. the wealthiest choice and empowerment wi ll be the al­ cessfull y empower the poor, the one-fifth of our nation now earn more ready wealthy and powerful in our minorities. disadvantaged groups and income than the Olher fou r- fifths com­ society? Or do these principles suggest others who have not benefitt ed equitab­ bined. an innovative persistent role for govern­ ly from the rewards of an efficient free­ ment in seeking to provide the same op­ mark et economy. then we will have found workable solutions to the fe ster­ DOllald T. Bliss. Jr. is an arrome), in portunities for all Ameri cans. regardless ing problems that have persisted over Washingron. D.C. and presidelll of the of their economic status. mce or current RilJOII Soc:iet)'. condition?

/4 Ripon Forum. Morch 1991 the past several decades. We also will than actuall y proJX)sing it. One element find that our nation's economic produc­ thai has nOI been suffi ciently stressed, tivi ty and efficiency are far deeper and among the constant talk of empower­ NEW PARADIGM, more resilient than we had imagined. ment and choice in recent years. is that CIRCA 1968 But realizing the true Republican of accountability. If I may draw upon promise of equality of opportunity my own experi ence as a teacher in New Indeed john McCiaughry is correct. through empowerment. choice and York 's public schools: II is one thing to Back during the 1960s, the Ripon reliance on market- based principles allow parents 10 make their own choices Society was talking ahoUl mally of the will require far more than slogans or about the sort of education their childern concepts /lOW embodied ill the Bush rhetoric. It will require innovative are to receive. But government has a admillistration"s "New Paradigm."' federal , state and local incentives. and responsibility to make certain that all This includes tenam mallagemefll or programs and pri vate initiati ves. tested students in all schools are acquiring the ownership of public hOI/sing . So for the through pilot projects, and thoroughl y basic skills and access to knowledge. record, some tllOlIglusfrom the March evaluated. It will require unprecedented Much the same situation exists in public 1968 Ripon Forum: disci pline on the part of Congress in al­ housing. Unless government introduces locating limited resources based on strict standards of accounlability, It is clear that any fu ture proven performance. It will require the decentral ization in public housing runs policy affecting the poor must vis ion and imagination of policy the risk of merely turning a pork barrel be based on increasing the thinkers like Pinkerton and the hard­ for federal polit icians and their friends sense of personal control and headed pragmatism and experience of into a pork barrel for local po li ti cians independence rathe r than policy implementers like Darman . • and their fri ends. vitiating it. In the field ofhous­ ing there is enormous potential for accomplishing this goal not Sincerely, by merely producing more Arthur P. Bollmann ho usi ng b ut th rough the Brooklyn. NY management and ownership of housing by the poor themsel­ ves. TO: THE EDITORS The best vehicle to real ize RE : DECEMBER RIPON thi s potential is cooperative FORUM Dear Editor: housing. In a housingcoopera­ tive each tenant owns an in­ 12- 28- 90 If anyone is wondering where "em­ dividual share of the develop­ ment in wh ich he is located Dear Bill, powerment" and the other ingredients of Jim Pinkerton 's "New Paradi gm" and has one vote in electing the board which controls the Shirley Green showed me your mar­ come from, he or she would be well ad­ vised to peruse the pages of the Ripon development. velous piece, "Racing to See You." I Th e unique fea ture loved it, just as I loved our trip 10 Forum in 1968. In particular, see my anicles "New demonstrated by la] San Fran­ Czechoslovakia. I hope you have a great cisco cooperati ve is Ihe deep New Year. Dialogues" (March 1968), which uses the verb "'empower;" " Black Power involvement of the tenants in maint ai ning their housing and Warm Regards. Progress Report "' (June 1968): and "Community Self- Dctcrmination Act'" the co ntrol they ha ve George Bush developed over the ci ty institu­ Washington. D.C. (September 1968). One might we ll ask why, 22 years ti ons and services which con­ later, these same ideas are being redis­ trol their envi ronment. TO: THE EDITORS covered as if they were some kind of The key factor to note is thaI the relationship of the coop RE : THE NEW PARADIGM "New Panldigm. " Were Republicans so dumb over those intervening years, to owners to those around them miss a glowing opponunity? Well, yes. has been changed. They now Dear Mr. McKenzie : have increased power to in­ nuence those who control their James Pinkerton is to be applauded for Yours truly" environment - their police his speech "The New Pamdigm." In it Senator John McClaughry captain , their ma yo r, and their he has drafted the framework for a Montpelier. VT school committee .... The domeslic policy that conservative and awareness of th is power to progressive Republicans can work control thei r own li ves, more together to support. than an ything else, is respon­ Wit h that said, it is important to sible for stimulating their urge remember that actually building a to self- improvement, se lf­ domesti c policy under the "New reliance and independence . • Paradi gm" wi ll be much more difficult

Ripon Forum. March 1991 15 COl/ litll/cd from page 7 U.S. government long-tenn bond yield is still 60% above historical optimum. have been extensive and those nati ons' but much closer to Japan's 6.9% rate IN APPRECIATION, leaders. at least. have publicly acknow­ and less than Germany's 9 % and SILVIO O. CONTE. ledged the fa irness of the sharing con­ Brimin's 10.2% rates. At the same time. cept. Just as World War " gave birth to the value of the dollar has fallen sharp­ The Ripon Society in particul ar the Bretton Woods accords. the Interna­ ly. making all Americans approximate­ and the nation in general lost one ti onal Monetary Fund and the World ly 20% poorer relative to our European of jls real leaders when Mas­ Bank. the Iraqi War can give birth to a cousins than we were only one year ago. sachuseus Congressman Silvio Free World Fund and all the good that This exchange rate volatility and inter­ Conle died in Washington. D.C entails. est spread over hi storical optimum. on February 8, The 69 year-old combined with the increasing impor­ MONETARY REFORM liberd.1 Republican legislator rep­ tance of currency refonn worldwide, resented western Massachusetts ike burden sharing. intemutional continue to argue for the increased in the U.S. Congress for 32 years, L currency refonn has also grown government allention to currency For the last len years, Conte was tremendously in importance. Wh ile still refonn called for in my 1987 essay, also an active member of the little understood in the Un ited Stmes. OTHER MAnERS Ri pon Society Congressional Ad­ currency refonn is now at the forefront visory Board. His death was at­ of European debate and served :IS the n other issues. much abides as tributed to cerebral bleeding. immediate cause of Ma rgaret well. The bank system cri sis of which stemmed from a three­ Thatcher's recent fall from power. O 1987, fueled by defaulting year bout with prosltate cancer. The 1987 essay argued for a con­ Latin American debt. has given way to ference of economislS to map a path an even more worrisome bank cri sis of In recenl years, the ever-color­ toward intern ational monetary unifica­ 1991. fueled chieny by poor real estate ful Conte could be seen motoring ti on and exchange rate stllbility. That loans. As predicted. the great stock across Capitol Hill in an electric exact conference has in fact now been market crash of 1987 did not create a cart equipped with U.S .• Israe li held. but the United States was not in­ recession. but the recession has arri ved and Massachusetts fl ags. Among vited. Rather. the European nations. led no w anyway. The essay's call to avoid Conle's many other amusing mo­ by French Finance Mini ster Jacques tax increases was unfonunately lost. as menlS was his arrival on the Delors met alone and have devised and were the calls of many others. in the un · House floo r duri ng the 1983 adopted a plan of economic refonn (the fort unute budget compromi se of 1990. budget debates with a pig snout "ERM " movement) which is set to cu l­ Along with the recommendations mask in hand. Of course, he soon minate in a single European central made in Ihe original essay. some fresh donned the mask to demonstrate bank and a single European currency. avenues nowdescrveserious review. To to the rest of the world the pork­ Margaret Thatcher. loathe to sacri fice ease the banking crisis and financial barrel proclivities of the United economic power to any off-Isles body. panic. bank loan classifications should States Congress. was the principal opponent of this be fine-tuned to avoid overstating the course and proposed her own plan (the extent of problem loans and to avoid In 1982, the Ripon Society "hard ECU" option). Her .Itllagonism to placing sound new loan applications presenled Conte with its annual Briti sh participati on in a comm on into the blackli sted "hi ghl y leveraged Re publican of the Year award. Europe implied by this plan caused her transaction" category. The Greenspan The reason was simple. loyal mi nister. Sir Geoffrey Howe. to Commission on capital gains shou ld be Throughout his career, the Mas­ resign and precipitated the end of her supponed and c:tpital ga ins taxes should sachusetts Republican was un­ leadership. be reduced ifhard and objecti ve numeri­ fl enching in his beliefs in fi scal As Europe continues down the path to cal analysis con vinci ngly predicts a conservati sm and social the fonnalion of a single continental positiveeconomiceffecl. Funhertax in­ liberalism. His independence was currency. and as the ye n continues to creases should be avoided. Equity even in evidence until the end of grow in importance. America must values can be strengthened by elimin:n­ his career. One of Conte's last begin to reconsider the international ing fictional accounting charges. such congressional votes was cast in role of our own currency. Should we. for as "goodwill lL lll orti zation." from opposition to Preside nt Bush's re­ ex ample. seek to join the ultimate ERM reponed earni ngs. The school systems quest to authorize the use of force arrangement and in effect, res tore the can be stre ngthened with ex perimental in the Persian Gulf. gold standard through the back door? Or approaches. such as the "fami ly school" is German monetary di sci pline tOO which suppons and educates young im­ Perhaps Si lvio Conte knew his much for us and an "honest" dollar too poverished parents as we ll as their life was coming 10 an end and did politicall y painful? children. nOI want one of his lasl aclS to be In 1987. the United States' long-tenn As Winston Churchill reponedly said. the approval of sending ITOOps government bond interest ra te was 9%. "Sometimes success is moving from into war. Who knows? All we can more than twice Japan's rute (then 4%) failure to failure wi th undiminished en­ be certain of is that Silvio Conte and much higher than our own hi stori­ thusiasm." In that spirit. we must was a great man of the public. cal average ra te of5%. Today. our8.2% proceed. •

/6 Ripoll Forum , March 1991 Ripon Society Come Join the Ripon Society and Policy Calendar Its Congressional Advisory Board in Honoring The Honorable William Weld This winter and spring the With the Fifth Annual Jacob K. Javits Ripon Society is continuing Public Excellence Award its series of policy meetings by sponsoring eight breakfast Dale: Apri l 30, 1991 meetings on the environment Place: Tower Sui Ie. Time-Life Build ing. New Yo rk City Time: 6p.m. reception. 7p.m. dinner and health care, The fo llow­ Tickets: S400 per Person, $4,000 per Table ofTen ing is a Ii st of speakers and topiCS:

Febr uary 12 - Mic hael Deland, Chainnan of the Coucil on Environmental Quality. on Pol­ lution Pre vention.

Februa ry 19 - Thomas Kie r­ nan . Chief of Staff for the EPA's STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION Office for Air & Radiation. on l. Tille of PublicaliQn: Ripon Forum. 2. Dale of FilillJl: Fcbnwy J ~. 1991. 3. Fl"C'luency of 1S5Ue$: the Im plementation of the Clean Bi- Monthly. J L Numbtr of ISSI,ItS Publl$hcd Ann""Uy: S. 3b. Annual Subscript ion Price: $25.00. 4. Air Act.

CoonpIeteMai l ingA~of K nownOfrlCeof Publicat . on . 7092ndS l reel. N £..Su i le lOO/'Wasilinglon

DC 20002 S. Complcle Mailing Addlft:! of the lI eadq lW1 ~ ofGenenJ Busine .. OffICe!< orthe Publisher: Februa ry 26 - Senator James 109 2nd SIr...,l. N£., Suile 10000asllington OC 20002.. 6. Full Name and Mai ling Address of Editor. Jeffords and Bi ll Matuszeski. William IkK~{lr:R2nd Stn:d. N.E. . Suile 10000ashingtOn DC 20002. 7.Owner. The Ripon Societyl EPA Associate Assistant Ad­ 109 2nd Stred. N.E. . Sui'" 100000ashing\Ol1 DC 20002. 8. Known 8ondhokIen. Morigages. and Other ministmtor for Water. on the S«wily Holden Ownin, or Holding L Pen;ml or Mo.e or Total Amoum of Bonds, MM.ages or Other Reaulhori 7.ation of the Clean

S«witiQ: N"';", 9. The purpose. function and t>OOprofit SlatUS oflhii organizalK>n and the nan", $1..IoU Water Act.

for Ftdr:nJ inoome Ia,1. I"-'''P'*'' Has NO! Changed During the Prececding 12 Mooth• . Ma rch 5 - Miles Chrobok.

10. Ex_I M>d Nature of Avenj!,c Number of Copia A~t u a l Number of Co,lies Deput y Chief of Czechoslovakian C irculaion. Each I....., During Singk Issue f'llbl iohcd Mission, on Environmentall y Sus­ Prececding 12 MooIIIs Nun:s! 10 Filing Dale. tainable Developmenl in Eastern A. TauJ Number of Europe. Copies Primed 2200 B. Paid Cim llatiorJ "" Ma rch 26* - Gail W*ile nsk*y, I. Sales throu&h deale .. and car- Health Care Finance Administra­ rien,strcct wndon M>d COIlnier sales tion. on Securing Access to 2. Mail Subllcriplions " Medicare. C. TauJ Paid Cirtllblioo ". ". D. F- IMlribulioo by Mail, Carrier 01 "" April 2 - Thomas Scull y. Of­ om.. Means Samples, ComplimmW)' and "" fi ce of Management and Budget, 0Iher F- Copies ". on Health Care Fi nancing. E. TauJ DWribution ". 19 10 F. cop;.. No! Distributed 19 10 April 9 - Constance Homer, I . OffICe use. left O'Ier. uoaccountod. Department of Health and Human JpOiIcd after priming 2Nancy Johnson. Prospecti ve Refonns in Medicare.

Ripon Forum, March 1991 17 REVIEWS GETTING RIGHT WITH LINCOLN "~ bra~am Lincoln and the Second American Revolution" by James M. McPherson New York- Oxford Uni versity Press, 1990. ' . cluded his signature came OUI bold and cri sis politicians wi ll almost invariably by Alfred W. Tate clear. justify thei r actions in tenns of what he did in similar circumstances, or cite a he evening before the war in the LINCOLN'S LEGACIES Lincoln quote in support of their posi­ Persian Gulf began. I stood in tion on a particular issue. Lafaye tte Park w ith my incoln 's coming to mind on that T If Abraham Lincoln is the central daughter Winifred and gazed across fore boding-filled evening il­ L figure in our political mythology, the Pennsylvania Avenue at the White lustrates the hold he still has on our im­ Civil Waris the singiemosl defini ng ex­ House. Unable to demonstrate anything agination. The seeming pertinence of perience in our history as a nation. As more than our bewildemlent, we had this particular story may have ari sen its ti tle indicates. in "Abraham Lincol n come there in hopes of finding some from a sense that Lincoln knew and ac­ and the Second American Revolution" clue as 10 what was happening in our cepted the often grand and sometimes James M. McPherson argues that an country. terrible consequences that his aCls of adequate understanding of each must be Winifred remarked on how remote the state had for individuals. Yet he was based on a grasp of the effect of one ill uminated mansion seemed beh ind its able to bear such awesome respon­ upon the other. The book is comprised high fence and expanse of lawn. and she sibility without being ei ther immobi­ of seven essays. which when taken asked me if [ thought the president was lized or made uncaring by it. The story together offer an illuminating perspec­ really there. 1 responded Ihal I under­ Illay also have seemed appropriate to the tive on these two dominant sources of stood he was and then found myself occasion because by preserving the our national character. moved 10 rcpeal to her an account J h:ld Union and helping set in 111otion the McPherson defines revolution broad­ recently read of Lincoln'ssigning of the complex political and economic forc es ly as "the overthrow of the existing so­ Emancipation Proc lamation on New that would transfonn the United States cial and poli tical order by interna! Years Day, 1863. violence." While concluding there is In accordance with the tradition of the general agreement thaI the Civil War time, Lincoln had spent the better pan For whatever reasons, was indeed such a revolution, he says of the day receiving a long line of Lincoln/Dams so large in two points remain at issue. The first is government officials, members of Con­ whether the changes wrought in our gress as well as ordinary citi zens who our national life that, as society we re reall y asgreal as have been had come to the White House to offer historian David Herbert claimed. and the second is which side in the president the greetings of the season Konold noted, American the connict. North or South, could clai m and perhaps place before him some spe­ to be the real revolutionari es. cial plea. After shaking thousands of public figures feel The first of these has been raised hands, his right ann was stiff and numb. compelled 10 "get right p rimarily by African- American T aki n g up his pen to s ig n the scholars who point tothecontinuing im­ proclamati on. Lincoln said he was with Lincoln." pediments imposed on black people in afr.tid that his hand would tremble and thi s country. McPherson acknowledges that when future generations examined from a loosely-knit collection of states the ongoing pernic ious effects of his signature on the document they into a continent-spanning na ti on, Lin­ racism. He also warns against what he would see its shakiness as an indication coln must share responsibility for creal­ calls "presentism:' a tendency to read "he had some compunctions" about the ing Ihe distance that now seems perforce history backwards, "measuring change rightness of the action he was about to to separate the occupants of the White over time from the point of arrival rather take. Although he himself judged it House from the diverse people they than the point of departure," He then of­ "slightly tremulous," onlookers con- lead. fers fi gures for the change that occurred For whatever reasons, he looms so in the fonner slaves' educational levels, large in our nalional life that. as his­ Alfred W. Tale is admillislrafire assis­ economic opportunities and political torian David Herben Konald noted, lant 10 Repre.renlatil'e Jim Leach alld a power after Ihe war to argue for the Anterican public fi gures feel compelled member oj Ihe Ripol/ FOrllm editorial reality of the transformation it brought. to "get ri ght with Lincoln:' In times of board. To the Confederate clai m that in as-

RilJOII Forum, March 1991 t8 serting the right to secede they were the Strategy of Unconditional Sur­ first American revolution. It was thi s legitimate heirs of the first American render," is the latter's evolving under· definition of liberty to which the South revolution, McPherson counters that it standing of his role as commander- in­ appealed. was Lincoln who was the true, albeit chief. As Lincoln 's involvement in the According to Mc Pherson, Lincoln of· "conservative" revolutionary. He was a prosecution of the war deepened, the fered the nation a different. "positive" conservative because. in the words of connicl grew from a limited police ac· concept of li berty, one in which the historian Norman Graebner. "he ac­ ti on based on a blockade as envisioned power of government is seen as playing cepled the need of deating with things by Scott's "Anaconda Plan" to the lotal an essential and constructive role in the as they were. not as he would h.we war waged by Grant and Sherman securing of it. wished them to be," Further. he saw as against both the annies of the South and For Lincoln. the power of government his primary purpose the essentiall y COIl ­ the wi ll ingness and abi lity of the was a posi live force for freedom. I.n ex­ servative one of preservi ng the Union civ itian population of the region 10 sus­ ercising that power in "giving freedom and maintaining the republic. tain the war. to the slave:' he declared. "we assure It is the means Lincoln employed to " How Lincoln Won the War with freedom 10 the free." achieve th is end, the abolit ion of slavery Metaphors" examines the potential jus­ The fi rst American revolution was and the waging of total war against the tification for the assertion "if the Union found to establish freedom from the Con federacy. that reveal him as a and Confederacy had exchanged presi· tyranny of too powerful a government. genui ne revolutionary. The war dents wi th one another. the Confederacy The checks and balances bui lt into Ihe destroyed the soc ial structure of the old mi ght have won its independence." system of govern ance established by the South and, in ending 70 years of Lincoln 's superiority to Davis as a Constitution have that as their intent. sou thern domination of the national leader is found 10 li e at least in part in Moreover. the Bill of Rights is itself a government. shifted the balance of the power of his language to unite and classic statement of negmive li berty. power to northern Republicans who move the people of the North , and Eleven of the first twelve amendments would control the polity and economy McPherson's explication of the source to the Constitution place expli citlimita­ of the United States for the next 70 of that power docs much to ex plain the tions on the power of the government years, fasci nation Lincoln's words still hold . over individuals. McPherson fi nds it a In effecting his revolution. Li ncoln measure of the sea change Lincoln saw through Congress an astonishing DEFINING LIBERTY helped make in the course of American cascade of laws , most passed in less than he central theme of the essays con· constitutional development that the six a yea r. In the process. the government's T tained in the book is Lincoln's un· postwar amendments would include the role in the economy was expanded to a de rstanding of the concept of li berty and phrase "Congress shall have the power greater degree than in any comparable how he understood liberty to be related to enforce this article ... " period of our history. wi th the possible to power. McPherson contends thai a Both concepts of libeny have their exception of the firs t hundred days of debate over the meaning of li berty was uses lind potential dangers. Anarchy the New Deal. Included were: at th e heart of the conflict and that it was looms on the one hand and tyranny on "A higher tariff in 1861: a homestead the emergence and triumph of Lincoln 's the other. The 1870s wou ld see a revival act. a land-grant college ac l. and ... a na­ understandi ng of the lenn that finally of the concept of negati ve li berty and a tional banking act in 1863, which. along made the Civil War a second American weakened national government . accom­ with the legal tender act of the previous revolution. panied by a loss of many of the gains the year authorizi ng the issuance of a Lincoln illustrated the debate over the ex-slaves had ;Jchieved. Mc Pherson federal currency. the famous green­ meaning of li bert y-and his concept of fi nds the pendulum wou ld not begin to backs, gave the national government ef· it - with a parable. "The shepherd swing back until another Republican fective control over the nation 's curren­ drives the wolffrom the sheep's throat ," president exercised the federal power at cy for the first time. In addition. to he said. "for which the sheep thanks the his disposal by sending the IOlst Air­ finance th e war the government shepherd as a libemtor. while the wolf borne Division to Little Rock to ensure marketed huge bond issues to the public denounces him for the same act as the nine black students' freedom to attend and passed an Internal Reve nue Act destroyer of liberty, especiall y as the that cit y's Central High School. which imposed a large array of federal sheep is a black one." Clearl y the McPherson's "Battle Cry of Freedom .. laxes for the first lime. including a shepherd is Lincoln. the sheep was the won the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for History progressive income lax slave, and the wolf is the slave owner. and is ac knowledged as the best si ngle As McPherson nOies. " Republicans Unde rl y ing th e parable is a volume history of the Civi l War era. The passed them aiL" philosophic debate between two kinds book under review draws the larger les­ Despite the activism the passage of all of li berty. Lincoln 's cOnlemporary John sons gained from the work that went this epoch-making legislation required, Stuart Mill defined liberty as "protec· into the former volume. Taken together, Li ncoln would say " I claim not to have ti on agai nst the tyran ny of political they represent an invaluable contribu­ controlled events. but confess plainly rulers." Here the greatest potent ial tion to our national self-understanding. that events have controlled me." The th reat to it is the power inherent in Anyone whose appet ite for learning event s he felt himse lf at the mercy of government. It is this "negati ve" under· more about this turning point on our hi s· were those taking place on the "bat· standing of li bert y as the freedom of the lO ry was whened by the PBS special on tlefield. individu al from untoward interference the Civil War wi ll find these books im· The subject of the essay. " Lincoln and by governmentlhat was the basis for the mensely satisfying. •

19 Ripon For/lm. March 1991 FROM REMEDIAL PROGRAMS TO PREVENTIVE MEASURES: Policy Options For The '90s is prenatal care to detec t and treat allow and encourage their employees to by Pete Wilson preventable birth defects. No other ac­ be the caring adults needed to give tion can have anything like the impact school- aged children the direction and ow more than ever, to lead is 10 of prenatal care in reducing the human self-esteem they so desperately need be choose. And our choice must and financial costs of the life-long dis­ for success. The kids whose li ves they N to give increasing anenlion and abilities that are prevented. I will touch graduate and go to college - not resources to the conditions that shape present to you a $53 million plan to es­ 10 prison. children's li ves. The emphasis must be tablish a public/pri vate program 10 Next, we must commit to prevention more preventive than remedi al - a enable low- income women to pu rc hase or the staggering human and financial vision of government that is truly as un­ insurance for prenatal and maternity cost of infants damaged by the ir complicated as the old adage that an services. Let us give children their first mothers' substance abuse during preg+ ounce of prevention is worth a jXlund of and perhaps most important break in the nancy. I ask the Legislature to fund a cure. world even before they enter it. program of state-mandated drug educa+ We will surely be asked: Are we Second, I propose a $20 millio n tion for junior hi gh and high school Slu+ proposing new preventive programs al "Healthy Start" program to add new dents including a component of the the ex pense of establi shed remedial funding to school districts to integrate dangers and risks associated with sub­ programs? The answer must be, yes. county health and social services into stance abuse during pregnanc), . The Thai is exactl y what we propose be­ the schools where our kids spend most best teachers for this grim class are cause we are compelled to choose. To of their working hours. Our chi ldren those whose substance abuse has so lead, we must choose prevention - must come 10 the classroom health y damaged their babies. measures that will prove far more effec­ enough to concentrate and to learn. No case for prevention is more com­ tive and - most imjXlnanl - infinite­ I propose as well funds to provide pelling than that for treatment or drug ly more humane than remedial action mental health counseling in elementary abusing pregnant women. Some may with big price tags bUI uncertain resulls. schools to detect and treat just as early not even know, but Iheir substance TEN SOCIAL REFORMS as we can children 's emotional or abuse is nothing less than chi ld abuse psychological problems. I want to dis­ through the umbilical cord - and we hat I propose is for us to find cover that a child is suffering from cannot pennit it. Rehabilitation is our W answers, not just to the crisis depression thai preve nts learning when best assurance against their delivery of whi ch may loom in these next 18 she is six - not when she's 16. a second addicted newborn. An ex+ months, but answers that will span the Next, there is no question of the sig­ panded treatment program, with a $25 18 years of a growing child. So today, I nificant benefits of preschool . Let us million funding increase and the addi­ place before this Legislature 10 initia­ add $50 million in state money to the tion of more residential facilities. will ti ves to invest in human capital through funding expected from the renewed begin to reverse this tragedy. Young child development and education. federal Head Start program, to begin to women must have first claim upon our Through these 10 steps, we will lead provide preschool services for every capability for rehabilitation. by choosing to prevent injury rather low income four-year-old. For the same reason, there must also than react to it. Then, we can and must change young be a substantial increase for the Office First, the best, most prudent invest­ altitudes and change young lives. We of Family Planning. Massive human ment we can make as a civilized society must keep kids in school. and financial costs are associated with Few th ings have inspired me more each unintended child that is born. than the success of volunteer mentors Famil y planning education and con­ Pete Wilson is the newly- elected like 'The 100 Black Men" in Los An­ traceptive services are among the most Republican governor of California and geles in motivating youngsters without sensible and humane investments we aformer United States senator. Thisar­ parental guidance to stay in school and can make in our strategy of prevention. tide is excerpted from his January 9th to learn. I propose funds to recruit, coor­ The ninth anicle of prevention re- address to the California Legislature dinate and train volunteers statewide to quires school accountability and and is an example of the thinking of the act as mentors. rigorous siudent assessment proce­ nation's several ne w moderate I especiall y appeal to employers to dures. I propose today funding the Republican go vernors.

Ripon Forum , March 199/ 20 development of a new testing instru­ menlofFood and Agriculture we ' ll also from our inac tion , I']] s ubmit a ment to replace the California Assess­ move to Cal- EPA and the chemical ri sk timeHlble requiring staged decisions ment Program - a way for us to assess assessment and toxic programs from the much earlier in the spring than the nor­ individual stude nt pcrfonnance and. Depanment of Health Services. Cal­ mal budget cycle requires. yes, teacher perfonnance. throughout EPA will have a new chaner and it will We do propose addi ti onal revenues for their school careers. have this governor's mandate that we our initiatives. They'll be raised on the Finally. our children also need proper are going to be sensible and caring basis of sound tax policy. We also fund classrooms. and school construction stewards of our land, ai r and water. population, enroll ment and caseload needs in California are daunting. I will growth for all programs. But with no propose legislation to permit approval ADMINISTRATIVE AND funding for statutory or discret ionary of local genera l obligation bonds with a FISCAL CHALLENGES cosl--of- living adjustments. majority vote for school faci lities; as an As I've already made c lear, our omorrow, I'll present in detail interim measure. the placement on the balanced approach accepts the premise everything you ever wanted to June. 1992 ballot of a statewide school T that we cannot just cut expenditures to know about the budget of our state. I bond: and aggressive implementation of meet our goals. If we did so, we'd have will spare you those details today. our commitment to ycar round schools. to cut the safety net for senior needs­ However. by way of sneak preview, our the blind and disabled - as well as budget mcssage opens wi th the fo llow­ HEALTH AND SAFETY eligibility for Medi-Cal. That we will ing sentence of understatement: "As the not do. reparing for tomorrow does not State of California enters the final However, one expenditure will be mean we lose sight of today. Let mc decade of the twentieth century. it fa ces P reduced. The AFDC program should assure you and the people of California unprecedented fiscal challenges." thai I will have no patience when it provide subsistence for poor children comes to the thieves, thugs. rapists. that will keep them. along with all other killers and drug- runners who prey on We will surely be asked: soc ial services, healthy and well­ innocents in California. Are we proposing /lew nourished. But treating welfare as a so­ cially acceptable pennanent lifestyle is Early this year I' ll submit a number of preventive programs at the proposals for refonn that wi ll make our a disservice to AFDC children. It ri sks streets, homes and schools safer. expense of eSlablished perpetuating dependency from genera­ Dealing drugs - and let's not mince remedial programs? The tion to generation, And that's the worst words - is a crime of violence. and a thing we can do. cold- blooded. premeditated crime for answer must be, yes. Chi ldren in families that receive profit. To the callous criminals who AFDC are also eligible to receive food­ wou ld make fat profits by making ad­ What that means, my friends, is that stamps, medical and dental care under dicts of our children, be warned: slow revenue growth and massively ex­ McdiCal - including prenatal care and - If you sell hard drugs to children. panding expenditu re increases could immunization - and HeadStart and anyt!mc or anywhcre that children con­ create over the next 18 months a deficit pre-school. gregate, I proposc thM you have 15 of more than $7 billion. Fonunately. In addition to these services, the years longer to regret it than at present. you and I will not leI that happen. AFDC program should provide subsis­ - And for you who knowingly deal However, if we did absolutely nothing tence for poor children that will assure drugs to pregnant women, I pledge I' ll to control programs and to erase th is us that they will be healthy and well­ do everything in my power to put you deficit over the next 18 months, the nou rished, stim ulated and ready for away for life. average family of four wou ld see their kindergllnen. - I'll also introduce "truth- in-sen­ state taxes go up by almost S 1,000 per But wholly apart from government's tcncing" legislation to limit the ability year. As an altemative, state sales taxes financial strai ts, we must never - if we of violent and dangerous state prisoners would have to increase by 42 percent. care about poor children - permit wel­ to reduce their terms by caming good That simply is not fair - especially in fare to be accepted as anything but a time credilS for offenses. a time of recession. transition from dependency to inde­ But vigorous solutions for our human Nor would it be fair to indiscriminate­ pendence and the dignity that goes with environment should not cause us to ig­ ly cut the budget to balance it as the it. We must not even by implication nore the heritage and the future of our Constitution requires. What you will legitimize the receipt of welfare as an physical surroundings. receive tomorrow represents a balanced acceptable permanent life-style. Ul­ Within weeks, I'll propose a reor­ approach to prevent the impending timately, in a free society, the quality of ganiz.ation plan to create a California crisis. life depends not only upon responsible Environmental Protecti on Agency: My budget contains an 18 month ac­ action by the state, but responsible ac­ Cal- EPA. This consolidati on of state tion plan with the following key fea­ tion by each individual. environmental functions will focu s tures: it is balanced with a pru dent An awakening of individual respon­ resource management functions in the reserve of $1.4 billion; it contains no sibi lity surely is the foundation for a free Resources Agency and environmental general increases in income. corpora­ soc iety and a free and prosperous regulation and risk assessment in Cal­ tions or sales taxes; and it contains long­ Califomia. • EPA. tenn budget refonn. In order that we nOl Pesti cide regulation from the Depart- aggravate the haml that wou ld now

21 Ripon Forum. March 1991 THE GULF WAR AND SUPPORT ON THE HOME FRONT and Saudi Arabia. enough so thai their engage them in ground actions, our for· by lJili C linger biggest worry after the Inlq/ lran war ces will meet a tough. dug- in enemy. was whether or not Iraq would come Our advantage in technology and the r s hard \0 believe that in 199 1, after them. sllccess of the air war should ensure a fony-six years afl cr the end of relat ively shon war. but the American World War II and a mere two I people mlL st be prepared for casualties decades after the hcnvy fighting in Viet· and a campaign that could last months. nam. the Un ited States is again at war. Hussein in vaded Kuwait Hussein is belling his nation and his dic­ The sons and d,lU ghters of America are and now a multinational Ialorship that we are not willing to fight again fi ghtin g. force is sellling a prece­ a prolonged war and hoping that he can I had once hoped Ihm we were beyond drag the fighting out for months or years the type of massive land wars that have dent forflllllre - I think he's wrong on both counts. haunted us throughoUi hislOry. that in international cooperation. Soon. this war will be over and o ur some fashion, we had evolved beyond troops will start to return from the Gulf. global wars that costs us so much in Well. the fears werejustilied, Hussein This anny is unlike any in American human terms. invaded Ku wait and now the United hi story forseveral reasons, the most im· Yet. obviously. I was wrong. I was States leads a multinational force that portant being that everyone in the Gulf wrong because a man named Saddam will set a precedent for futu re intcrna· is a vol untee r. But they are also older Hussein decided 10 build and usc a mas­ ti onal cooperation. Let us hope that the than past annies - the average age is sive modem amlY against a helpless resolve and dedication of the coalition 27 - and more of them have families. neighbor: he decided 10 auempl control will set an example to discourage other About one-fifth of the troops are reser­ over much of th e world's oil and he would- be aggressors or dictato rial vists who will go back 10 civilian li ves decided to let his army bum, pi llage and strongmen who desire conquest and when theconflici is over. They are fami· terrorize the men. women and c hi ldren domination. Iy men and women and we need to sup· of a weaker neighbor. President Bush has indeed t;llked of a port them. So, once agai n. Ameri ca is at war. new world ord er rising frOIll the ashes Unlike Viet nam. most of the I suppon President Bush and our ac· of this conflict and hi s vision is a com· Ameri can people arc showing their sup· tions in the Middle. East and, like most pelling one. If international cooperation port for our troops. There are anti- war people. I hope the war will end quickly can succeed here. perhaps it can be im· protests. to be sure. which is 10 be ex· with a minimum loss of life. I do believe proved in ot her areas as well. The world pected in a free and open society. Dis­ that stopping Saddam Hussein is neces· community has a host of problems th,1\ se nt is an important pari of our sary and that the use of military force could be beller addressed by groups of de moc ratic Iraditi on. Bu t the vast was the only option left to President nat ions cooperating closely together. majority are supporters of our objec­ Bush - no one can feel secure in a Poverty. trade wars and economic t ives. The troops in Saudi Arabia world where despots are left unchal· deve lopment are obviously amo ng deserve our support and our respect be· le nged. those issues. A strengthened United Na· cause they are people like you and me Hussein is not your run-of-the- mill ti ons must certainl y look into them. and who have chosen to serv e and arc simp· dictator. He rose to power out of the maybe the coalition wi ll serve as a Iy carrying out their duty. ashes of the colonial system and con­ catalyst for an unprecedented era of in· Yellow ribbons. leiters to the Gulf, solidated his control o ver the Iraqi ternational cooperation. signs and banners-these are all superb peo p le usi ng murder and fear. signs of support from the American Throughout his career. he has preached THE GROUND WAR people to our countryme n serving in the Arab nationalism and has vaguely et. of course, the Gulf War rages Gulf. We must keep it up and especial­ called for an Ar.lb Empire, presumably on. Presently. the efforts of the ly show our wann feelings when they with himself at the head of il. Y coali tion are going well. but we shou ld re turn home. This Iraqi version of Arabnationalism look cautiously at the coming ground And re turn they wil l. The coalition has long been seen as a threat by Ihe war and must remember that Iraq still will defeat Saddam Hussein and restore moderate states oflhe Gulf like Kuwait has the fourth largest anny in the world. peace in the Persian Gulf. His despotic filled with several hundred thousand reign will end and it will then be time to Bill Clinger is cll(lirm(ll1 0/ the Ripon men who have been seasoned in battle bring our sons and daughters home . • Societ), (lnd (J member a/Collgress/rom by Iraq's long war with Iran . When we P ellIl5yll"(lII;(I .

Ripon Forum. Mlm.:h 1991 12 709 Second Street

January I by The Washington Post and regular luncheon series al so featured RIPON NEWS The Dallas Morning News, respective­ Iowa Lieutenant Governor Joy Coming he Ripon Society is pleased 10 ,10- ly. on February 21. T nounce the appointment of Jean On January 10, the New York Ri pon Ri pon Congressional Advisory Board Hayes as its new executive director. Society heard a repon on the Eighth Member Hamilton Fi sh. Jr. was Hayes, a former legislative aide 10 Transatlant ic Conference of the Ripon presented on February 4 with th e Representative Bill Frenzel, R- MN" Educational Fund in Prague and Vienna American Civil Liberties Union's 1990 assumed her duties on February 1, by chapter leaders Bill Lithgow, John Congressional Civil Liberties Award. The Minnesota nati ve brings to the Vorperian and Mark Uncapher. Lith­ Fish was instrumental in attempting to position a strong background in politi­ gow also told of his attendance at the pass last year's Civil Rights Act. The cal organi zin g. During the 1988 British House of Commons on the eve­ ACLU also cited his work over the last presidential campaign. for instance, she ning preceding Margaret Thatcher's ten years for the Americans with Di s­ served as national director of Youth for resignation as prime minister. abilities Act. the Fair Housing Act of Bush. Among her rcsJX)n sibilil ies was Congratu lations are especially in 1988 and the Voting Ri ghts Act the registering of over 500.000 college order for New York Ripon member reauthorization. students for the Bush-Quayle ticket and Florence Rice, who wilt be honored on Ripon National Governing Board the development of a minority youth May 1 with the New York Urban Member Edward Gold berg recently was outreach program. League's Frederick Douglass Award. appointed chancellor of New Jersey's Since the last presidential elect ion. The consumer affairs advocate is a higher education activities. Goldberg Hayes served as deputy regional politi­ longtime member of the Ripon Nation­ has long been acti ve in the state's higher cal director for the Republican Nalion­ al Governing Board and an active par­ ed deparlment and is now set to trans­ al Committee. She was based in Denver ticipant in the Freedom Republicans in fonn the state's colleges and univer­ and was responsible for advising state Harlem. Congratulations. Florence! sities. On January 22. the Boston Ripon officials and campaigns in 12 western JAVITS DINNER states. She also developed strategies for Society hosted a seminar at Tufts Republican state legislative c:tucuses. University on "Running The Common­ assachusetts Governor William Hayes' role with Ri pon wilt focus on wealth [n The '90s." The chapter's M Weld will be the recipient of the implementing the Society's fundraising chainnan, John Scars. moderated the Ripon Society's Fifth An nual Jacob K. plans, developing new chapters and in­ session. Panelists included State Javits Excellence in Public Service creasing the Society's visibility. She Senator Brian Lees. State Representa­ Award. The recently-elected governor replaces Bill McKenzie as executive ti ves Bob Marsh and Mary Lee King, wi ll be honored in New York City on director, a position he held in tandem and new Massuchusetts GOP Chainnan April 30 for his commitment to ethics­ with the editorship of the Ripon Forum Leon Lombardi. Congratulations are in-government. fi scal accountabili ty since October 1986. McKenzie wilt also in order for Lombardi. a long- time bilityand social responsibility. For more now return his focus to the Ripon Ripon member and a former Mas­ infornlation about this dinner, please Forum. policy development and a sachusetts GOPcandidate for lieutenant contact the Ripon Society, 709 Second regular political column. gove rn or. He wi ll now work wi th Mas­ Street N,E .. Washington. D.C. 20002, Since January I, political comments sachusell S GOP Governor Will iam (202)546-1292. from the Ripon Society have been Weld. also an early Ripon member. in The Ripon Society hosted a welcom­ published by T he Washington Post. revitalizing the Massachusetts GOP. ing reception for the 102nd U.S. Con­ T he Washington T imes and The Congressman Jim Leach addressed gress on February 6. Over 100 people. While House 8ullel in . Bill the Washington. D.C. Ripon Society on including Representatives P:tul Henry, McKenzie's column has also appeared February 25. The fonner Ripon nation­ Connie Morella. Amo Houghton , Don regu1:trly in T he Winler Haven News al chainn.t11 spoke on the Persian Gulf Sundquist and Bill Archer. attended the C hief. The Providence Journal and si tuation. Chapter President Il ene event. The feature of the evening was an T he Casper Star Tribune. among Rosenthal organized the brown- bag auction of doodles by Elliot Richardson other papers. Interviews by McKenzie lunch. which will be now foll owed by a and Bill Frenzel and cover drawings by with authors Sidney Blumenthal and panel discussion on civil ri ghts legisla­ political canoonist RJ . Matson. Ripon lion. For more infomlation about the Chri~ t opher Hitchens. as welt as with Chainnan Bill Clinger served as the White House Policy Planning Director D.C. chapter, please contact Brad Ken ­ evening'scmcee. James Pinkerton. ha ve likewise ap­ dall of the Ripon national staff. 202- Austrian Ambassador Friedrich Hoess peared in The Dallas Morning Ne ws. 546-1292. also hosted a reception for members of And his reviews of books on affinnative The Iowa Ripon Society heard from the Society and Transatlantic Con­ action and the life of columnist Carl Iowa GOP Executive Director Ra nd y ference pan icipants at his residence in Rowan ha ve been published since Enwright on February 7. The chapler's Washington. D.C. on January 22. •

23 Ripon Forum, March 1991 WASHINGTON NOTES AND QUOTES

You could also make the money spent Okay, so George Bush is not Ronald SO WHO IS CLAYTON on job tmining work much beuer. But Reagan. But hasn ' t the preside nt YEUTTER? that's the short run. In the long tenn, adopted the ri ght 's reasoning on abor­ welfare needs a radical overhaul. We're tion ri ghts? And didn' t he appease far­ lright, so political junkies know going to have to move toward some sort ri ght fears about quotas when he vetoed thai the Nebraskan is now head of A of guaranteed job/workfare approach. the 1991 Civil Rights Act? Hasn't the the Republican National Committee. " ... Such a program may indeed cost president also appointed jurists of con­ Bm the fonner Reagan special trade rep­ more mo ney. But noth ing is going to servative stripe to the bench? resentative a nd Bus h agricultura l make Ame ri ca more competitive, or Of course he has. So what is Heri tage, secretary is hardly a known political kinde r and gentler, until we confront the o r, for that maUer, most of the ri ght, q uantity. White Ho use Press Secretary institutionalized ineffi ciencies of the grousing about? Must every Republican Marlin Fitzwater only had Ihis to say system." president be in lock step with all their about the 60 year-old fonner Chicago ideas? So what if the president is also Mercantile Exchange president, upon promoting an internationalist foreign his appoinlmCnilO the RNC post: "He's HOW THE NEW PARADIGM policy, common sense in economic af­ a President Bush conservative." WOULD WORK, PART TWO fairs and environmental action? We hope that means the new GOP Give us a break. chief will assign priority to minority ook also forthe Bush adminstmtion recruit menl and Ihal Yeullcr will follow L to push the concept of telecommut­ the incl usive "big-len!" poli cy on abor­ ing. As Pinkerton says in the same Dal­ POLLUTION PREVENTION tion Ihal his predecessor, Lee Atwater, las Mor ning News interview:" Another established whi le he was RNC chair­ new idea the president is talking about he new but important buzzword man. (Alwalcr, by the way. now serves is telecommuting, or working at home. T fl oating aro und e nvironmenta l as GOP gencml chairman while he con­ If your job involves computers and c ircles these days is "poll ution preven­ tinues to battle inoperable brain cancer. ) telephones, the c hances are that you can ti on." As it sounds, the lenn involves at­ Fonner Yeuner aide and long-time do it at home. The biggest obstacle to lempts to reduce pollution, not just to Republican strategistJim Lakedoes cal l th is idea is not big government but the clean it up. Yeuller "a healer" and says that Yeuller cultural bias that people should work in The Bush administmtion now plans to woul d attempt to bring together the offices." m ake this issue an e nviro nme ntal Republican Party's various factions. priority. The Envi ronmenlal Protection But as one GOP aide joked anonymous­ Agency and the Counci l on En viron­ ly about Yeutter in The Washington READ MY HIPS mental Quality. for example, are al­ Post: "He's got good negotiating skills. ready engaged in o utreach efforts with hen Peggy Noonan. author of the He's going to need that tra it." industry leaders and private groups 10 now- famous Bush phrase, "read W reduce the production of various pol­ my lips," was asked recently what she lutants. EPA also recently released a would write for President Bush today, HOW THE NEW PARADIGM national polution prevention stfategy the lyrical speechwriter seemed to WOULD WORK, PART ONE and CEQ is working wi th all federal s truggle for j ust the ri g ht words. agenc ies to incorporate poll ut io n n a recent Da llas Morning News in­ "People have a te nde ncy to think prevention into the ir traditional mis­ terview with Ripon Forum editor rhetoric can have this magical effect, as I sions. Bill McKenzie. White House Policy though wonderful rhetoric can 'sell ' bad Moreover, the Bush administration is Planning Di rector James Pinkerton, policy .... [pause] I guess that's alii had targeting two percent of every 1991 ori ginator of the Bush administration's better say." EPA progra m budget for pollution "New Paradi gm" domestic policy (see preventi on demonstration projects. In pgs. 14-15), attempted to descri be how the "New Paradigm" wou ld directly af­ ARE THESE GUYS (AND WE 1989 and 1990, a total of $ 11 million fect a devastated, depressed ne ighbor­ DO MEAN "GUYS" ) EVER was awarded for such projects. hood, like the Shaw area of Washington, HAPPY? The aim is sim ple: 10 change what D.C. comes out of the factory or the tailpipe. n its annual "State of Conserv atism" According to Pi nkerton: "In the short As CEQ e hainnan Michael Deland put re leased this January, the Heri tage run, it would be relatively easy to em· I it d uring a recent Ripon policy break­ Foundation says that "The political void power families wi th educational choice, fast, "Poll ution prevention is dependent is very real. We know Ronald Reagan, with a choice in housing, and [wit h] upon what plant m a nagers do." and George Bush has shown that he is local governme nts combating crime. no Ronald Reagan." •

Ripon Forum, March 1991 24