EDITOR'S COLUMN If ABLE OF CONTENTS

he United Slates Supreme Court handed down several rulings EDITOR'S COLUMN ...... •...... •.•.•. . • • •...... 2 T thi s summer which will have a sharp impac t on this fall 's political PROFILES AND PERSPECTIVES: debate. Among those decisions are the A Conversation with Richard Thornburgh ...... • ..•...... right for states to restrict abortion prac­ lices, a narrowing of affimwtive action POLICY PRESCRIPTION FOR A POST-SOVIET AFGHANISTAN plans. and the protection of a flag­ Lawre nce R. Fioretta • .. ••• •..• • ..•. . • ...... • .. •••• .. • ... . 7 burn er's liberties. A common thread in the Court's fi nd­ EDITORIALS ...... •• ... •• ..... • • ...... • . •.. ..•.•.. ••••• .. • . . . .8 ings. as our illustrator R.J . Matson depicts on th e front cover. is a rolling BEVOND CONTAINMENT: back of the federal government's reach. Joseph Spiegler •• .. •• ... •• ... .• . • ...... •••• ... • . • . I To discuss th ese issues in depth . the Forum talked in August wi th U.S. At­ HOW TO BE THE ENVIRONMENTAL PRESIDENT: torney General Richard Thornburgh. In Robert Ward •• .. • . ..• ...... • .. •••• .. • .. 12 his interview. Thornburgh says. by con­ trast. that "very few new trends were in­ CONSTANCE NEWMAN: HEADING THE FEDERAL BUREA UC RA CY itiated." And even if they were. chang­ Wi ll iam P. Mc Kenzie .... •• ... •• .. • . • •...... ••• ... • . • 14 ing dire cti ons is not new. As the fonner Pittsburgh prosecutor says. "The Co urt JAMES WRA Y AND WHITE HOUSE POLITICS: not so ra rely and frequently reverses it­ David A. Fuscus ...... • ... •• .. • . •...... •. . • IS self. " A Forum editorial concludes that a ANDREW CARD AND THE PUBLIC SERVICE PRESIDENCY: libertarian bent may be detected on the William P. McKenzie .. ... •• .... • . •• .. • ...... •• . •• . 16 Court. The fl ag-burning decision in Johnson v. Texas is an example. where GIVE THAT PLANE A MISSION!: the Coun held that the free speech Rick Horowitz ...... • .... •• ... • .. • .. ••...... • . •.. . . •• 0 • • •• • • 19 clause of the First Amendment protccts a person's ri ght to bum the Ameri can REVIEWS: fla g. And in scvcral decisions regarding THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE LIBERAL racial inequities. the Court displayed a REPUBLICANS: NICOL RAE: re luctance to use state power to redress Dale Curtis •• .. •• .. • .... •• ...... • . •• . • . • •• .. • .. 20 race discrimination. On othe r issues. Ripon Forum as­ THE CHAIRMAN'S CORNER: soc iate editor Dale Curtis revie ws Peace in th e Middle East: professor Nicol Rae's book. "The William Clinger . . •• ... • .•...... • ...... • . • . •. .... • ... . 22 Decline and Fa ll of L ibe ral Republicans." (With a title like that. WASHINGTON NOTES AND QUOTES ...... • . • .. . • ..• • • • • • .. •• . 23 why wouldn't we review it?) We also continue o ur series o n the key players in the Bush administration. Profiled in this issue are Constance Newman of the Of­ RIPON/orum fice of Personnel Manage ment. and Edil tH": William P. M e K en ~ ie James Wray and Andrew Card of the Ihsod"l~ f:di/tH": Dale E. Cunis White House staff. ,,'dilorial Assi>flmlS: Joseph Spiegler. J.rr.rsoo Guthrie Pany. ManuscriplS and pOOIQgraplt. are SQliciloJ. but Produr liOIl mru lOl"" Bradl~)' K ~ndall do nOl represent the vie""'lf the Soc;'IY unl.ss ro S131oJ. Two Mark O. Hatfie ld Scholars also I-:dil Qri,,1Hoa,d : Secondclass postage and r.." paid al WuhinStoo. D.C. provide prescriptions for the environ­ T~m:"c~ M. O'Sulhan and additlooal maIling Qff",.s. /'Q>Ima>ler: Send address David A. Fuscus cha nges t'l RipQn FQ'um. b Library C'lUrl. S.E.. ment and Afghanistan. respecti ve ly. Slcp/>cn A. Mcssinger Mariann KUnl. Wa>ltingtoo. O.C. 20003. And Ripon chainnan Bill Cli nger con­ Alfred W. Tate Stev~n B. K lin'~y Subscril'lioo rat",: S2.'i per ye.r.s17.SO f<)l" Students. cludes the issue with an important Gem E. Moy.,,- Gail Slocum ...,vitt"",n. Peace COwt lhe UniloJ f(>1" fresh ideas. well r<:",arched ~Is. and I spirit Statcs. Ripon is .\upjXInoJ by chaplcr dues. individual Qfe •• oliv. criticism and innQvalion in the Republican rontribulioos. and ..,v~nu.s from il$ publicatioos,

2 Ripoll Forum. September 1989 PROFILES AND PERSPECTIVES A Conversation with Richard Thornburgh

Ripon Forum: As you know. the surpri sed and somewhat disappointed. Supreme Court has handed down a Now the question is whether any statute num ber of controversial rulings this summer, including decisions on abor­ Attorn ey General Ri chard Thornburgh tion , affimlative action, and fla g- burn­ It is probably good that ing, What trends do you see at work in 111 early Allgust A/tomey General these rulings? justices defy intellectual Richard Thornhurgh sal down with Thornburgh: A numbe r of the cubbyholes. Every case Ripon Forum edilOrs Bill McKen:ie decisions were consistent with ourposi­ and Joseph Spiegler 10 commel1l oll llle ti ons, so we regard this as a prett y good that comes before the Supreme Court's recelll Opilliolls 01/ term . The Webster case gives states Court is a case which in­ abortion. lljJirmalil'c actioll. Gnd flag­ greater leeway in regulating abortion; volves particular/acts, burnillg. III this ill/en'iew. he cal/didly the fo ur civil rights cases shaped certain (JisclI$ses the pofilical p itja{(s of th ose evidentiary, proceduml. and standing jU lles. questions: a so-called "good faith" can solve thi s or whether it's dcsirJblc The former PClI lIsyli'ollia gOI'erllor qualification 10 the "Miranda rule" was to add an amendment to the Constitu­ succeeded EII»,;n Meese III a.s a/lomcy established in Duckworth v, Eagan; and ti on. geneml ill Allg lISf 1988. and his ad­ the death penalty cases continued to Ripon Forum: The argument has milled aim is 10 restore faith infillal/cial uphold its use. Depending upon how becn made that a tension ex isits among (llId gOI'c nmll'ntaf il1sritllliolls. Fighting you number them. 10-12 cases adopted the conservati ve justices, some o f white-collar crime, he says. "has to do the government'S position , The two whom favor state-powe r to achieve so­ w illi the presen'Gtioll. al/d, ill somc losers were the fla g-burning and dial-a­ cial goals and some of whom arc more cases, a reslOrarioll of rh e ill/egrilY of porn cases, libertarian. imporwl/I i1lSli(lIIioll5." What you make of all of these is the Thornburgh: In most aspects of III 1987 Thornburgh accepted a posi­ fa vorite sport of the academic com­ public life. and particularly with re gard lioll as director of Harvard' s Johll F. munity, From our point of view. ['m not to the Supreme Court, labels can be very Kennedy School ofGovemmelll. Bill 18 sure there's anything profound. Trends deceptive and of limited utilit y. It 's mOllllls Imer. Ronald Rea~all asked him were reinforced, but very few new probably good that justices defy intel­ 10 become attorney gel/ eral. Th is trends were ini tiated. lectual cubbyholes. Every case that surprised some people. as Th omburgh Ripon Forum: Were you surpri sed by comes before the Court is a case which had been considered a m oderale the ruling in Johnson v. Texas. where a involves particular facts. Republican gOl'em or. more libertarian strand protected the Among our three major institutions of 8ur Ihe 56-year olt! al/orney general right to burn a fla g? government, the Court alone is a totally eschews politiwl labels. As he says, Thornburgh: To have thi s Court per­ reactive organ, It doesn 't enunciate "Labels call be I'ery deceplil'e alld of mit flag-burning obviously rai sed some broad policy out of the air. It decides fim iled ulilily." Perhaps Th ornburgh eyebrows. [n·the past, such justices as cases or cont roversies. As the justices con best be described as a pragmolic Earl Warren, Abe Fortas. and Hugo do thaI. they indicate policy directions, decisiOl/maker. This is much like the Black have indic

Ripoll Forum , September 1989 3 plicalions of different views. You don't Thornburgh: That's a point worth y trcmes. That's inherent in the process. know when the issue thai galvanizes of making. Because the Court is, as you Ripon Forum: Now thaI abortion has those differences will come to the Coun point oul. loath to take action overturn­ been thrown back to 50 different states, and what the particular facts wi ll be. ing a pri or precedent. unless they re gard wi th so many different channels. is it Most Supreme Court decisions are it as absolutely necessary, you have a reall y possible to reach a compromise? fraught wit h observations that say, kind ofHs ub silencio" incremental over­ And how can we reach a consensus with "Well, if thi s fact weren't present or ruling of Roe v. Wade. This was hinted such intense moral aspects genemting another fact were, we might decide dif­ at in Thornburgh v. American College fire on ooth sides? ferentl y." In my view,that's the beauty of Obstetricians. Now it has progressed Thornburgh: That's One of the prices of the Court: its essential unpre­ in the Webster case. of our democratic process, We have to dictability in the very, very close issues. It'sentirely possible that with the three wrest le through these issues and aoonion cases coming before the Court achieve at least momentary stability Aborrion is for everyone, in the next tenn, there will be other in­ 1100Ut a consensus. The beauty of our crements. You may be lert with (he shell dernocrmic process is that the depth and and particularly for people of Roe v. Wade with enough latitude breadth of the views expressed are al­ in public life, probably the given to a state to impose regulations ways resolved within the process, and that are responsive 10 genuine healt h rev ised within the process. People do most vexing and troubling and safety concerns. not, should not, and I hope will not take issue, It does not involve This has been an area where states to the streets over this or any other issue. the normal political con­ tradi tionally have been ceded power to This is an issue that needs to be decided regulate medical procedures, as well as within the confines of the existing siderations, but serious quite a few other pri vate and profes­ process. The process may not be order­ moral, social, religoius sional procedures. BUI we'lI have to ly or efficient. but I'm very confident a wait and see. I don't have a crystal bal l. solution will occur. and legal concerns. I don't know what the Coun's going to Ripon Forum: What role is the Jus­ do on these three new cases. tice Department, as well as the ad­ Ripon Forum: The Webster abortion Ripon Forum: It 's obvious that aoor­ ministmlion, going 10 play at the state ruling seems a bit odd since a legal tion is a politically explosive issue. level in seeing abortions restricted? preccdent - the right to pri vacy - is being Strong elements ex ist on both sides, chall enged. Rarely docs the Court with a large segment of the public With the three abortion takeback a ri ght previously conferred, caught in between, For instance, an Thornburgh: The Coun not so rarely August 3 New York Times/CDS News cases coming before the and frequent ly reverses itself. It juSt did poll showed that 68 percent of the Court in the next term, you so in Garcia v. San Antonio respondents believe that even if abor­ Metropolitan Transi t Authority, where tion was wrong, government shouldn 't may be left with the shell it overturned National League of be meddling in this area. But 71 percent of Roe v. Wade. Cities .. That precedent was only two or did want to see restrictions placed on three years old. minors obtaining aoonions. Thornburgh: This department's role There is a wonderful quote from Lin · Thornburgh: I am told by the ex pens is in the couns, and we have pending a coin on the Dred Scott Cllse. He said, that poll data in this area is a very poor decision as 10 what role, if any, we will "We think thedecision is erroneous. We beacon for making an ultimate findi ng. play in the three cases pending before know the Coun that made il has often It is for everyone, and particularl y for the Supreme Court. I can't speak for the overruled ils OWn decisions, and we people in public life, probably the most president or others in the administrat ion sha ll do what we can to overrule this." vex ing and troubling issue, It docs not aoout what political actiOn they may Thai fairl y describes the Justice involve the nonnal political considera­ take. Depanment's position in Roe v. Wade. tions, but se ri ous moral. social. Ripon forum: Let's go on to affinn­ Our arguments have been pressed. and religious, and legal concerns. I think all ative action. The Court ruled in Wards to a limited extent have prevailed in of us who grapple with this question, Cove Packing v. Atonio that employees loosening the restrictions on what states particularly in public life, try to corne to shou ld be responsible for prov ing dis­ can do to regu late aoortions. This has a view wi th which as a maller of con­ criminatory hiring practices. And in been my view since I was governor of science we arc comfortable and wi th Ric hmond v. Croson. it restri cted Pennsylvania and since I have served as which we can pursue a consistent minorit y sct-aside programs. What ef­ attorney geneml. agenda. fect will these decisions ha ve On Ripon forum: But can 't the case be I have tried to do that. I never really promoting mcial progress? made that under Roe and Webster, had to face the issue unt il I became a Thornburgh: I think they have been restrictions can be placed on aoortion candidate for governor and spent a great mi scharacteri zed in some quarters. witho ut overturning the right to deal of time talking 10 people and trying They're not consti tutional cases, but are privllcy? States can alrelld y decide to fashion a view wi th which I was com­ fine-luning constitutional questions. whether or not to fund aoortions and fonable. Everyone who has done that Wards and Croson deal with burden of doctors can be requ ired to test a fetus' knows you're probably going to adopt a proof questions. Manin v. Wilks had to viabi li ty after 20 weeks of pregnancy. view thal's unsatisfactory to both ex- do wi th procedural rules. Patterson v,

4 Ripol/ Forum. Seplemher/989 McLean Credit Union dealt with a tablishment toward achieving an agree· subversive. II can retard the ability or statutory interpretation or whether civi l ment on the Americans wi th Disabilities government to respond to people's rights acts applied. Act. needs and or other institutions to serve We don't regard these as being run­ The long and short or it is that I was those needs. damentally threatening to the fabri c or terribly disappointed Bill Lucas was nOi We have a major commitment in this the civil ri ghts commitment inherent in nomi nated. I think it had very little todo arell. In the securities and commodities with his or th is administration's com· field. rorinstance. we have achieved im · It is my hope, and the mitment to civ il ri ghts. It had much portant conviclions. A major indictment more to do with politics. Liberal was returned this week in respect to president's, that the Democrats don't want to see a conser· some 46 traders at the Chicago Mercan­ reopening of the dialogue vative black Republican succeed be· tile Exchange. We have six securities cause it will runhererode their electoral and commodities task rorces now with the civil rights leader­ base by providing a role model. It comes operating in major trading centers ship will continue and that on the heels or the derections orCharles across the country. we will be able 10 identify Evers in Mi ssissippi and Maurice Turner in Washington, D.C. and other Law enforcement alone is those areas where we can black politicians. The ract that Bill work together. Lucas. a DemocraHurned·Republiean. not going to conquer the would have been in a key position in this drug problem. One of the administration was not palatable. previous Court deci sions. Nonetheless, The second reason. and one that I find things we're looking for the president has directed and we will unrathomable. is there seemed to be a from Bill Bennett's drug carry out a process or monitoring the er· view, at least among some Democratic strategy is how to get to rects in the lower courts to ensure that is members or the Judiciary Committee, not the case. In ract, we have already that this nominee should take office op· the demand side. taken a positi on in Carpenter v. Skinner posi ng the views or his president and at· arguing that the rederal set·asid e torney general on this year's Supreme But about the savings and loan crisis, program under the Department of Court decisions. That is puzzling in· the president has requested $50 million Transportat ion should not be stricken deed. and it is unlikely that any nominee to. in errect. double the capacity of our under the reasoni ng or Ri chmond v. is going to begin his career opposing hi s investigators and prosecutors. We also Croson. This president and I have a very boss on something so essential to the have about 600 open investigations inlo strong commitment todvil rightsenror· task. Housing and Urban Development pro­ cement and the removal or any remain· Ripon Forum: Do you have an alter· grams, and a major investigation. Op· ing barriers 10 equal opportunity. native in mind? eration III Wind, into derense pro· We took a giant slep rorward Ihis Thornburgh: We have a lot or op· curement rraud. These complement an month with the Americans wi th Dis· tions. It is my hope, and the president's. ongoing errort against public corrup· abilities Act, which encompasses some that the reopening or the dialogue with tion. 40 million people who have been pre· the civil rights leadershi p will continue Ripon Forum: One area which may viously excluded rrom the ru ll enjoy· and that we will be lIble to identiry those be thin on resources is the waron drugs. ment of thei r lives and or opportunities areas where we can work together in which is an llll ·encompassing problem. wi thin the mainstream or American lire, finn enrorcement or the law and remov­ Thornburgh: It is indeed. There is not So I expect that in the long run . the cases ing barriers to equal opport unity. I have a single U.S. attorney or agency head you mentioned will have some errect. every reason to bel ieve thut wi ll be the who is ever going say they have enough but more at the margins. I don't think case. to deal wi th thi s. The problem is heavi­ they will go to the essence or this Ripon Forum: Let's disc uss ror a mo­ ly deri vative rrom an almost insatiable nation 's irrevocable and rull commit· ment the savings and loan scandal. appetite ror drugs. ment to protect the civil rights and civil which is one of the greatest political During the 19805 we have had sizable liberties of all its citizens. scandals over the last 25 years. What inc reases in in ves tigati ve and Ripon Forum: What errect will the role will the Justice Department play in prosecutorial resources. BUI as I recent­ dereat or Will iam Lucas, a black cleaning that up? ly told a group on the West Coast. "If Republ ican who was nominated to head Thornburgh: Let me broaden the you Wllnt to lose the war on drugs. just the Justice Departmem civil rights or· scope or the question and focu s on a leave it to law enrorcement." They were fice, going to have on this administra· major priority orthis department, which somewhat puzzled, but llfter a moment tion and its dealings with civil rights I discussed again with the president this realized th ll tl wasn't playing down the groups? week: white collar crime. It has to do errorts mllde by people on the rront Thornburgh: That's an interesting with the preservation of. and, in some lines. I was reminding them Iha\ law en· question because during the same time cases. a restoration or the integrity or rorcement alone is not going to conquer we tried to secure Bill Lucas' nomina· important institutions in American lire· the drug problem. One or the things tion as assistant attorney general over government. fi nancial and business in· we're looking for rrom Bill Bennen's the opposition or the civi l rights estab· stitutions. The erosion of publ ic con· drug strategy is how to get to the lishment, we were working with that es· fidence in those insti tutions can truly be demand side.

Ripoll Porum. SelJtember 1989 5 That's a more difficult thing to do, be­ a po licy maller prc!K:ribed in the collec­ Ripon Forum: Does your admiration cause you're talking about a change in tive bargaining agreement between for the law mean that you would one day values. Making a drug-dependent life­ employers and unions. like to be on the Sup reme Coun? style an inadmissible option is not going I don't mean to put all th is on drug test­ Thornburgh: That's highly specula­ to be won in the court room. Il" s going ing, but thi s is one area where there is a ti ve. That's a choice the president has to to be won in the school room. the work potential to deal positively wi th user ac­ make when faced with a part icular situa­ place. the chure hes.the community in­ countability. ti on. stitutions, and in the fami ly. You could Ripon Forum: Your career has en­ Ripon Forum: What cast of mind tai led working in the legal world, where would you like to see on the Court? Suffice it to say, no litmus scholarly re nection is sometimes re­ Thornburgh: We serve the president quired, and politics, where combat is in that regard. He has made it dear that test on issues are part of o ft en hot. Which do you prefer? he subscribes to President Reagan's the process of our recom­ Thornburgh: They converge in the of­ views regarding judges: they interpret mending candidates for the fice of al10mey general. I can't reall y the law but don 't make it. say this is a scholarly, contemplative at­ This president has also admonished us courts 10 the presidel11 . mosphere when we are involved in er­ to rell ch out to blac k Americans, fons to advance the admi ni strat ion's in­ women, Hispani cs, and persons with put an in fi nite amount of resou rces into itiatives in a highl y- partisan atmos­ di s:lbili ties, and so far we ha ve a pretty law enforcement alone and never solve phere. But I' ve :llways been comfort ­ good Track record. I think we 'lI be able the problem. able with the law. It represents the basis to fulfill the president's wishes in this Ripon Forum: What kind of resour­ of our political system's unique charac­ regard. ces is drug czar Bill Bennen plan ning on teristics. We are a govemme nt of la ws Ripon Forum: Do you Thin k judicial puning into rehabilitati on'! and not men. but it still depends on good appointees will be limited by last year's Thornburgh: I don 't know, but ob­ men and women to fr-.Hlle and execute GOP platfonn. whi ch says that judges at viously more than we now are devoting those laws. all levels should suppon "trad itional to education, rehabilitation and treat­ Ripon Forum: So would you mt her fam il y values and the sanctit y of in­ ment. ow that drug testing has been be a politician or a judge'! nocent life?" made valid, I expect there will be more Thornburgh: I have never reall y Thornburgh: Suffice it to say, no lit­ of it. I'm taken with the results in the thought about that. Immediately follow­ mus test on issues are pan of the process military in the I 980s. Random drug test­ ing my last ternl as govemorof Pennsyl­ of our recommending candidates for the ing programs reduced the incidence of vania, I became director of director of courts to the president. Obviously many drug usc from 27 percent in 1980t04.8 the Institute of Politics :II the John F. candidates will have a public record of percent last year. That was wi thout Kennedy SchooL I would freque ntl y be positi ons thai we're bo un d to bring 10 havi ng to se p:lrate a lot of people, asked by students what their game plan his aucntion. In the event a vacancy People just quit using drugs because should be for becoming a senator, con­ ari ses. he will make a careful choice, they knew that there was an official gressman or whatever. I told them what I'm sure it will be one that reneets hi s statement that drugs we re not tolerated. someone older and wiser than me once view un the role ofthejudici;try without Now, there are limits the courts must said. and that is in politics 24 hours can any necessary reference 10 panicular is­ defi ne about what is appropriate in the be a lifetime. So you'd be tt er try to do sues, but to a ma tterof overarchi ngjudi­ publ ic sector. In the priv[lIe sector, it's what yo u're doing the beSt yo u can and cial philosoph y. • aW:lit your opportuni ti es.

o Ea5),·IO·usc softwue ( Upd:UL-d to o A conu:x l - ..en~llI\"C HEI.P MENU wilh loclude March tlb ~ulatioru.l for dua collL'<."tion form!>. a floy.··cllan. m.\H'Cs and compatible. 1001 ,u~"'oIion,> for compliance. and a proc~'it.'S up 10 2.000 ... mplo...... pc.'r k..WI ~r nop~l~ pl:ln. I S95.lIlcJudlngon(:'~l"arofupdale:. o Documentalion with a ICI1).:lh~ ILWtl o explanal ion.

6 Ripon FOr/III/, September 1989 Policy Prescriptions for a Post-Soviet Afghanistan

reduced or redi rected if such assistance Hekmatyar of authorizing attacks on by Lawrence R. Fioretta is found to be promoting conflict among mujaheddin groups including the July the resistance groups. Moreover. the massacre of 30 mili tary leaders from lthough final Soviet forces left U.S . must encourage the mujaheddin to one faction in northern Afghanistan. Afghanistan th is February, and concentrate on military targets and If the U.S. is serious about remaining ended a decade-long occupa­ A avoid civilian casualties. The resistance neutml in a factional struggle it cannot tion thai scallered Afghans around the wi ll lose vital civilian suppon if it is per­ give tacit su pport to Pakistan's globe, few Afghan refugees wirl return ceived as being unsympathetic to the favorites. Pakistan's support for the before the Kabul regime is replaced civilian population. The U.S. must also fundamentalists is clearly exacerbating with a non-communist government. In encourage resistance forces to become tensions among the resistance groups fact, since the Soviet wi thdrawal. better disciplined and coordinated as the wh ich could lead to civi l war. The thousands of civilians have ned Kabul. war changes from guerrilla to conven­ moderate resistance groups and These new refugees - both supporters tional tactics. For example, in what has regional commanders should receive a and opponents of the Najibu ll ah become the largest battle of the war. the greater share of U.S.-supplied arnlS, government - are leaving from fear mujaheddin attacked Jalalabad in an un­ food and supplies while the fundamen­ about the battle for Kabul and the coordinated effort and sustai ned many talists should receive less. This would serious shonage of food. Pakistani offi­ casualties. me:m more of a balance among the cials expect as many as 1()(),OOO new The U.S. should give greater support resistance groups in the distribution of refugees th is year. to the regional commanders in side Af­ anns and supplies wh ile recognizing With the withdrawal of Soviet forces ghanistan. Experienced in civil ad­ that Pakistan's interests are not complete. the fighting has intensified min istration and waging guerrilla wa r threatened. between government and resistance fo r­ from inside the country (in contrast to ees. At thi s stage - with the estab­ the Pak istan-based resistance parties). RECOGNITION OF NEW lishment of an interim government by they are a potentially unifying force GOVERNMENT AND SPECIAL the resistance - U.S. policy should take poised to playa significant role in ENVOY into consideration the following. Afghanistan's future . he should resist premature CONTINUED ASSISTANCE TO u.s. MORE EQUITABLE recognition of a new Afghan THE RESISTANCE T DISTRIBUTION OF government until a stable government U.S.-SUPPLIED ARMS AND can demonstrate its ability 10 function he u.s. s hould continue its FOOD rather than prematurely recognize a longstanding policy objective of T government thai is in the throes of civil replacing the Kabul regime with a t is no secret that over the past decade war, or will soon fa ll 10 another faction. broad-based, coalition government and Pakistan has fa vored the fundamen­ The appointment ofa special envoy to continue to support the resistance. The I tali st resistance groups. particularly the mujaheddin gives the current si tua­ Soviets have left behind considerable Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's radical fun­ tion Ihe needed attention it deserves. stockpiles of weapons and materiel and damentalist pany. What began with The special ambassador serves a usefu l have resumed airlifts of weapons and then-President Zia ul-Hag's preferential purpose in encoumging the growth of military supplies to Kabul. Pined treatment in giving Hekmatyar control the newly-founded and fragile resis­ against such weapons and an estimated of refugee administration developed tance government and stresses that the 60.000 armed troops and party cadres. into giving the fundamentalists the Afghan interim government must ex­ the resistance will need continued lion's share of U.S .-supplied weapons pand beyond the seven Pakistan-based mi litary support to topple the Kabu l and food. resistance parties to include regional regime. It is clear that He.kmatyar is becoming However, U.S. lethal aid mu st be commanders, tribal chiefs and others. increasingly isolated within the Afghan The special envoy must also ensure that resistance. He has th reatened to leave U.S. aid will bechanneleddirectly lothe LLlwrence R. Fiorella is a Mark O. Hat­ the interim government and has repor­ resistance, inJcluding regional com­ field Scholar who has worked on tedly hinted at promoting an inde­ manders. refllgee problemsfor se~'eral years. For pendent coup in Kabul in cooperation his research as a Hatfieltl Scholar. he with Afghan government army officers. continued on page 18 traveled through Pakistan. Rival resistance leaders have accused

Ripon FOl'llm. September /989 7 EDITORIALS

On the Supreme Court, Abortion and Rights Issues f you are among those worried ------Perhaps the most you can say about about 100 much judicial aclivism. at Perhaps the most YO LI these rulings is that the Coun has a I least console yourself with the can say about the Slimmer somewhat libertarian bent. Reason thought that the eight-man. one-woman magazine editor Virginia Pos trel Supreme Coun earns its federal salary. rulings is that the COllrt summed up this philosophy well in writ­ The Court ruled this summer on issues has a somewhat libertGl'ian ing that libertarianism "emphasizes that can', be ducked and which will belli. limited government and indivi dual keep interpreters busy for month s: li berty." abortion, affinnalivc acti on and Oag­ If you wish to express your anger at the buring. among other items. unless the city establishes a clear history United States, the First Amendment o f pas t di scrimination, that other protects your right to bum the Ameri can LIBERTARIAN TREND methods arc insufficient to correct the flag, But don't expect the government discriminati on, and that the numerical to emphasize group rights, which the he confusion in these rulings is that goals are strictl y related to the amount concept of affi nnative action is based T no clear trends exist. On civilliber­ of minority busi ness that has been upon. In fac t, the Coun is now selective lies. for example, lhe Court seems splil. wrongfull y excluded in the past. in determining when government can It protected free speech in Johnson v. In detennining whether an employer's promote certain social goals. If you Texas by ruling that the First Amend­ hiring practives arc discriminatory, the wish 10 restrict abonion, fine. But if you ment covers the r ight to bUTn an Coun depaned in Wards Cove Pack ing wish to redress racial wrongs, beware. American nag. But it sel in moti on a v. Atonio from past prt."'Cedent and trans­ challenge to pri vacy ri ghts by ruling in fe rred the burden of proof from ABORTION Webster v. Rcproduti ve Health Ser­ employers to the employees. Previous­ vices, Inc. that slates can pass restrictive ly the onus was upon employers to show he abortion ruling, of course, is the abortion laws. that their employment policies that had T Coun's most explosive decision. A 5-4 majority in the Webster case, for the effect of excluding minorities weTC By holding that a state can detemline tis instance, upheld a 1986 Missouri law job related and not discriminatory. Now own abonion laws, the Court vinually which prohibits public employees from employees must prove that such prac­ guarantees legali zed abonions wi ll soon perfonning or assisting in abonions not tices. are biased. That 's difficult for two bechallenged. The decision also ign ites necessary to save a pregnant woman's reasons: most employees don' t h:t ve 1I political fireslOnn. Since the J ul y 3 life. It also upheld the state's ri ght to time to discover such data, and if they Webster ruling, pro-choice and pro-life prohibit the use of publ ic buildings in did, what employer is going to give lIdvocates have become even more perfonning abonions, even ifno public them damning infonnat ion? money is involved. And it supponed the The Coun ruled in Manin v. Wilks that Missouri provision that requires doctors By holding that a state the 14th Amendment's equal protection to perfonn fetus viability tests if the clause pennits white employees to chal­ can determine its own woman requesting the abonion is at lenge a consent decree that has least 20 weeks pregnant, abortion laws, the COllrt redressed racial inequities, In this case, The Court d oes n ' t see m s plit, a group of w hite Birm ingham virtually gllaral1lees legal­ however, on redressing mcial inequi­ firefighters claimed they were not a ized abortions will soon be ti es. Instead, it is intent on undemlining pany to a prior agreement to hire and existing means of achieving racial challenged. promote a certain number of black balance, making it far more difficult to firefighters in the ir c it y, The Court prove racial discrimination and to agreed, and claimed the whi te entrenched. The li kelihood of an abate­ redress racial inequality. firefighters' ri ght to eq ual protection ment seems remote. In Ri chmond v. Croson, for example, had been denied. The effect of this Na turall y. Ripon 's own ranks do not the j ustices narrowed the scope of ruling will be to place a damper, ifnot a escape some probing discussion. The minority business set-aside programs chill, on vo luntary consent arrange­ Society is and has been committed to the by finding that discrimination in the ments as a means to promote racial right to privacy. Ripon's National Ex ­ nation's construc ti on industry docs not equality. ecuti ve Committee recentl y passed a justify numerical goal s in a local market

8 Ripon Forum, September 1989 re solution reaffirming this commit­ the seam which holds together the out our hi story, developi ng a colorblind ment. nation's political fabric. soc iety has always meant the presence But, as the resolution points oul, even of an active federal government. Try within the progressive Republ icancom­ RIGHTS IN GENERAL telling another story to blacks in Selma munity differences of opinion exisl. or minority school children in Little Senior leaders such as Senator Ma rk n a broad range of civil ri ghts Rock. Hatfield oppose abortion on demand. It O rul ings. the Rehnquist Cou rt 's To be sure, we should stri ve towards a would be wrong to think such be liefs are dec isions are alanning. In trying to colorblind society. But it would be not born out of conviction. As Hatfield develop acolorblind society. where race wrong to assume that we have arri ved. wrote recently. "Abortion is the ugl y is not considered in hiring or employ­ Thi s mistake was made in 1883 when byproduct of a throwaway society ment practices, the Counmay create the Supreme Court Justice Joseph P. Brad­ where human life is depreciated each opposite result . By undennining volun­ ley wrote: "When a man emerged from day by the anns "Ice, the success race tary consent decress and minority busi­ slavery. and by the aid of bcnefi cient and the mad dash toward the electric ness set-aside programs. as well as legislation has shaken off th e in­ chair." making discriminatory hiring pol icies separable concomitants of the state, easier to hide. the Court has shunted there must be some stage in the progress aside imponant means of achiev ing ra­ of hi s elevati on when he takes thc rank To he sure, we should cial progress. of mere citi ze n. and ceases to be the spe­ This is an irony of conservative cial favorite of the law." strive towords a colorblind juris prudence. Conse rvati ve theorists. That is very sound logic. but as civil­ society. But it would he such as fonner Reagan Justi ce Depart­ ri ghts attorneys Christopher Edley. Jr. ment civil rights chief William Brad­ and Gene B. Sperling remind us recent­ wrong to assume that we ford Reynolds, argue that color shou ld ly. Justice Bradley used this sentiment have arrived. not enter into lawmaking. to strike down the 1875 Civil Ri ghts That's great. but what world do they Ac t. Only 15 years later. in Plessy v. li ve in? Surely not the one in which onl y Ferguson. the Court Iegitimi tized the In this sense. moder'dte Republicans 35 years :Igo "separate-bu t-equ al" notion or "separate-but-equal." are a microcosm of the general publ ic. school s exi sted. Nor the one in which We are now only 25 years into another For many, the freedom to choose blacks we re not guaranteed access to peri od of remedyi ng racial wrongs. whether to carry a pregnancy to tenn is public facil ities as mundane as water Until the Court or legislators can come what defi ne s th em as a moderate fountains. Nor the one in whi c h up with better alternatives. we shouldn't Republican. But for others. the issue is qualified blacks, among other minority recind those laws that make racial cloudy and not so detennining. Ne ither groups, have benefi ted from affinnative progress possible. • side holds a monopoly on virtue nor action programs. should they treat their opponents as un­ The problem in th e conservati ve worthy. Those fu ll of their own rhetoric juris prudence argument is that a limited shou ld not be allowed to chip away at government and a colorblind ideal have never been complementary. Through-

se lect a school which best fi ts their the chance for improvement. In the East PARENTAL CHOICE: AN IDEA'S chi ld's needs. If a student needs more Harlem school district where parental ARRIVAL discipline, a school wi th greater struc­ choice has been tested at the middle ture can be selected. Or, if a child is school level,test scores have ri sen from Boston'spublicschool system will un­ creative, a more infornlal. open class­ ncar the bottom of New York middle dergo an important change this Septem­ room can be chosen. Either way. parents school s to the cit y's mid-range. ber. one which could be as crucial to the become invol ved by selecting the best One way educational choice helps im­ city as the 1974 desegregation that im­ school for their child. prove schools is through focusing posed school busing . The new plan The educational choice idea is not teachers and admin istrators on the def­ centers around the notion of "parental peculiar to Boston; it is al so being tested inition of a quality education. Since choice" and is radical for Boston be­ in several other cities. And its sup­ competition is imroduced into the sys­ cause it challenges the notion that white porters are not subtle segregationists. tem, teacher conferences will be re­ parents will separate theirchildrcn from but an odd mixture of li bertarians, '60s qu ired to think through the process of blacks. liberals, and baby-boom parents. Thei r being a good school. Otherwise, their In September. Boston will be di vided unifying idea is not racial discrimina­ school could go out of existence into three zones, and fam ilies can select tion. but individual empowemlent. During the 1960s and earl y 1970s. so­ a school within their zone. The selection If administered correctly, which cial programs became known fo r the cannot change the sc hool's racia l means racial balances are maintained. amounts of money they received. Lost balance, however. and for the first year. educational choice shou ld have par­ in the rush to provide money. however, onl y kindergarten, first grade and sixt h­ ti cular appeal for the urban poor. Their was the idea of political empowennenl. grade students wi ll be included. neighborhoods are oft en among a cit y's Perhaps educational choice will provide The advan tage is that parents can weakest, so greater se lection increases that for America's schools. •

Ripon Forum. September 1989 9 Beyond Containment postwar superpower relations is marked cautions that troops and tanks can be re­ by Joseph Spiegler by periods of relaxation and retrench­ mobili zed. More permanent changes me nt follo wed by aggression and ex­ should include a fungible monetary sys­ ight years ago il was inconceiv­ pansion. The 1970s. for instance, com­ tem. theelimination of physical barriers able that Ronald Reagan and the me nced promisingly with SALT I. but to free traveL and the incorporation of leader of the Soviet Union E concluded discouragingly with the international c ultural clubs, suc h as would one day stroll together through Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . Rotary intemationaL Th is would he lp Red Square. much less that leading dis­ Today, as a less threatening Soviet integrate the Soviets and East sident Andrei Sakharov would sit in the Un ion e merges. the United States Europeans into the world community Congress of the Peoples' Deputies with diplomatic focus is shifting away from and give the East Bloc a vested interest Soviet leaders. Those scenes. of course, containment and towards "integration. " in the preservation of the imernational are part of the wild course of events President Bush admittedly says that he system. being played out in the Soviet Union is looking "beyond containment" to a Representative Ben Gilman (R-NY) and the East Bloc. which are requiring foreig n policy tha t integrates the agrees with Petri and adds that: "Wit­ American forei gn policymakers to Soviets into the international system. nessing the rising tide of democracy in reevaluate the status of the Cold War. This may yield a more stable re la tion­ Eastern Europe, it is essent ial that we do The most dramatic manifestation of ship and replace decades of unpre­ all in our power to integrate the Soviet abating Cold War tensions. however. dictable alternation between detente Union and other Eastern European na- are the recently-concluded talks in and hostility. Pol and between General Wojciech To do thi s, however. President Bush laruzclski and Solidarity Leader Lech must first enlist congressional support. Walesa. Those meet ing s are now Poland has special his­ The Forum recently spoke with several producing the country's first post-war, House Republicans to understand what toric alld symbolic impor­ non-communist governmem. some moderate Republicans think about tance because it has been a Poland has special hi slOric and sym­ the accelerating changes in Europe. bolic importance because it has been a barometerfor postwar barometer for postwar Eastern Europe. MODERATES REPLY Eastern Europe. The Cold Some historians claim that the Cold War began there when the Soviet Unio n War began there when th e ntegration is the key component in uni laterall y ins talle d a non-repre­ Representali ve Thomas Petri's (R­ Soviet Uniollllnilaterally sentalive, communist go vernment in I WI) vision for the United States' post­ installed a non-repre­ 1949. This subsequently closed Eastern conta in m en t policy. "Stabilit y, Eu rope and divided the European con­ sentative, communist cooperation. and prosperity," will tinen!. So it is extraordinary that Poland characterize the future of Europe. he government in 1949. is the first Warsaw Pact nation to host says . The Wisconsin congressman al so legitimate elections. And these elec­ bel ieves that the Warsaw Pact's par­ tions into the mainstream of world af­ tions may have implications beyond ticipation must be contingent upon its fairs." Poland's borders. The overwhelming adoption of free markets and greate r An in tegrated Europe does not guaran­ victory of the once-outl awed trade democratization. Those two concepts tee a stable one. however. The threat of union. Solidarity, combined with the are indivisible because a competitive East-West conflict may subside, but the Soviets' tacit approval, may signal that marketplace requ ires politic al East Bloc may become inc reasingl y East Europeans' demands for greater pluralism. volatile as it undenakes the painful con­ political aUlOnomy will not be met with But Petri warns that we shouldn 't con­ version 10 de-centralized economies. Soviet tanks and troops. fu se rhetoric with results, or "put the According to Gilman. the Western Al­ Of course, optimism about the future can before the horse." The six-tenn liance musl maintain a military dimen­ must be tempered by the realities of the member of Congress takes a less con­ sio n "to protect and defend the interests past. The Soviets literal crushing of ventional approach at measuring the de­ and security of its member nations." democratic movements in Hungary in gree of change in the East Bloc. A flur­ The ranking RepUblican on the House 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968 ry of treaties. for in stance. wi ll not Fore ign Affairs Subcommittee for provide sobe ring reminders of past necessarily foster stabil ity. After all. the Europe and the Middle East sees a con­ Soviet policy. In fac t, the history of Soviets have a history of either violat­ tinued role for the military alliance ing or circum venting negotiated agree­ despite a waning communist threat to Joseph Spiegler is a Ripon Forum ments. And while conventional force the West. According to Gi lman, "With editorial assistanl. reductions are encouraging signs. he the advent of an integrated Europe.

10 Ripon Forum , September /989 ------

NATO will continue to serve as the market-oriented solut ions to the East's the hope of the Atlantic Charter. which defender of freedom and democracy economic woes, (Representati ve Petri is the right of all nations to freely choose throughout Western Europe." suggests western aid should be th rough their own form of governmen t. As Congresswoman Claudine Schneider private joint ventures, bypassing the Le:lch poims out, "The United States (R·RI ) ag rees with Gilman. "Possible cumbersome bureaucracy of the War­ has the prospect of spreading our own changes in Soviet leadership, un· saw nations and prov iding direct assis· revolutionary creed -- individual rights, tance to the people, both East and Wesl.) limited constitut ional government -- as Today, as a less threaten­ Congressman Jim Leach (R-IA) em- a stark contrast 10 the shockingly un­ phasizes the political rather than finan­ revolutionary Marxist doctrine of ing Soviet Union emerges, cial rewards of integration. Contain­ centralized poli tical management." the United States ment, he says, was designed to force the Soviets to look inward, address the in­ CONCLUSION diplomatic/ocus is shi/ting herent contradictions of its system, and away from containment abandon the "bondage of nations and hough political changes within the and towards "integration." peoples under Soviet sway." The fourth T Soviet Union are undeniable, ranking Republican member of the whether the Soviets are fundamentally House Foreign Affairs Comminee as­ changing their system remains :lrgu­ fo reseen economic setbacks and further serts "Today, communism is pell-mell able. The pl ight of Poland may help regional ethnic unrest have possible in retreat. The communist political and answer this critical question. Its experi ­ military implications," the Rhode Island economic philosophy is acknowledged ment with democracy will no doubt test legislator told the Forum, But at the the coura ge of its people. same time. she sees a growing secon­ The rapidly changing But above all the rapidly Changi ng dary role for NATO. As Schneider says. political landscape in Eastern Europe "Apart from its continuing military role. political landscape in will challenge U,S. foreign policy­ NATO can serve an important role in in­ Eastern Europe will chal­ makers to find the prudent balance be­ corporating U.S . interests into the tween hope and caution. The guarded unification of Europe in 1992." lenge US.foreign optimism of the representatives men­ Containment provided the West policymakers to find the tioned in this article reneClS America's security from Soviet expansion, but prudent balance between dual task. As President Bush told his Claudine Schneider sees di stinct finan­ audience at Texas A&M, where he un­ cial rewards as a result of integration. hope and caution. veiled his pol icy of "beyond contain­ She clai ms that, "As U.S. policy shifts. ment:" "We seek the integration of the it wi ll become possible for the Un ited as morally bankrupt. The once for­ Soviet Union into the community ofna­ States and the Soviet Union to address midable, if not impenetrable, Iron Cur­ tions. Let no one doubt our sincere some of the global economic challenges tain is now a dilapidated. decayed desire to see perestroika continue and that we face." Further. a diminishing edifice," the Io wa Republican says. succeed. These are hopeful signs. But Soviet influence in Eastern Europe will With containment bringing about the the national security of America and our pennit the United Stmes to look at dissolution of the Soviet empire. Leach allies is not predicated on hope. It must countries individually and introduce maintains the West can begin to fulfill be based on deeds." • A Salute to Tom Kean and Jack Kemp Please join the Ripon Society and its Congressional Advisory Board for their 1989 Republican of the Year Award Dinner. Governor Kean and Secretary Kemp will be honored for their efforts to broaden the GOP'S base on:

October 10, 1989 L 'Enfant Plaza Hotel WaShington, D.C.

Proceeds from the dinner will benefit the Ripon Society The Ripon Society is not an FEC-regulated political and its Mark O. Hatfield Scholarship Fund. This Fund committee. and may therefore accept corporate. in­ enables a select number of promising young students from dividual or political action commiltee funds. Contribu· a nationwide arena to further their public policy training lions are not tax deductible as :I charitable donation. while stud ying and working in the nation's Capitol. 1989 Tickets are $500 each, and checks should be made pay­ recipients of the Hatfield Schorlarship will be in atren· able to: The Ripon Society. 6 Library Court S.E., dance at this year's dinner. Washington. D.C. 2003 With questions, please call : (202) 546-1292.

Ripon Forum, September 1989 II How to Be the Environmental President Nations said recently. "The environ­ By Robert Ward POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ment is not a priority for developing na­ SIGNS tions. development is a priority." hose who predict an emerging Even more worrisome is that the topics illlcmational consensus on en­ here a.t:r. e ncourag ing signs thaI addressed in Montreal. and more recent­ T vironmental protection clearly T global concems may in some cases ly at the London Conference on CFCs have nOI spoken to village headmen in override national inte rests. The and Halons. are relatively non-conten­ New Guinea. On a recent visit to an in­ Montreal Protocol of 1987. which limits tious. Confronting more th reatening is­ donesian province on the western half the use and production of ozone-depict­ sues will require sweeping changes and of New Guinea, th e Icadcrof an isolated ing chemicals (CFC's and halons). has sacrifices. vi llage proudly pointed out to me that been hailed as evidence of an emerging his tropical rain forest absorbed carbon consensus o n global e nvironmental dioxide and provided oxygen for the problems. Policymakers are optimisti­ United Stales. He then o utlined his A prudelll first step would call y looking to this Protocol as a model plans for forest management. perfectly for fu tu re accords on such issues as be 10 employ Americans at ease with keeping responsibility for glo bal wanning. trans-boundary pollu­ withjoreign expertise to global wanning in his own hands. tion. and the intemational trafficking of conduct cullUral profiles ill toxic waste. The president's challenge But weshouldn 't beoverly-optimistic. preparation/or internation­ C loser examination of the Montreal alnegotiations. will be to replace national Protocol reveals deep divisions. The interests with international majority of westem. industrialized na­ cooperation and consensus tions have ratified the Protocol. ye t few developing nations have done so. The LESSONS FROM AMERICA'S building. less developed nations are basing their PAST decisions more on economic considera­ This village headman has a message tions than on voluntary sacrifice for en­ erh aps as we look for new solutions for President Bush as he charts new vi ronmental protection. They claim that Pfor international cooperation, policy to cope with a hosl of env iron­ the major western CFC producers arc America's domestic environmental ef­ mental problems: do not assume that the the chief economic beneficiaries and fort s can provide important lessons. In nations of the world are ready to re lin­ that industrialized nations enjoy a com­ many repsecls. our experience mirrors quish control of their own resources petitive advantage in developing and the current intemational landscape. For simply because problems such as global marketing chemical alternatives. example, during the 1960s steadily wanning and ozone depletion demand mounting concem over the state of the collective acti on. This aUitude presents e nvironment resulted in federal and real obstacles for President Bush as he We must idelllify state regu lat ion. Many assumed that this tries to make intematio nal environmen­ legislation signaled a widespread agree­ tal cooper-uion a foreign policy priority. Americans who can put ment wi th in American society regard­ The president's challenge will be to cross-cultural under­ ing the value of environmental protec­ replace national interests with coopera­ tion. But as the costs and complexity of tion and consensus building. standing to use ot the bar­ environmental protection became evi­ gaining table. dent. opposition from the pri vate and public sector. and from businesses and It's not surprising. then. that many taxpayers. revealed that no true consen­ Robert Ward is a lawyer in San Fral1- developing nations conclude rmifying sus existed. cisci and a Mark O. Harjield Scholar. the Treaty is not in theirlong-tenn inter­ The e nsuing peri od of disillusionment This arliell' is adapfe(lfrom his Hatfield est. Some nations even suggest that the forced environmental policymakers to Scholars"i/) paper. "Searching For Treaty is a guise for maintaining the reexamine theireartier assumptions and Globa/ EIII,irOllmellwl SO/lIliorll': A "pro-western" statuS quo. and that it adopt a more realist ic approach. Their Nell' Challellge For The Blish AtI­ hampers the ir economic growth. As one focus shifted from simply drafti ng new milli.wrlIliol1 Latin Ameri can delegate to the United regulatio ns to seeking a workable framework for implementi ng existing t2 Ripoll FOrl/n!. September 1989 regul;Hions. Th rough this process. paratively easy time understanding the policymakers discovered that many ex­ priorities of its western all ies, but it is CONCLUSION isting laws are unrealistic. far more difficult to un derstand The failure of these laws demonstrated developing nati ons. We do not have the s the Pari s economic summit that no matter how strictl y regulated the A dramaticall y demonstrated thi s environment. disputes are inev itable at The U.S. mllst learn more summer. environmental protecti on has the implementation stage. Environmen­ assumed center stage in the internation­ tal advocates have since developed a about the infernal al arena. The foreign policy implica­ va ri ety of alternative dispute resolution dynamics that shape the tions of this emerging dominance of en­ procedures that educate panies about vironmental concerns in world affairs each others' perspecti ves and promote policy of individualna­ holds major implications for the Bush mutually satisfactory solutions. Prac­ tions, especially develop- administration. To ful fi ll hi s self­ ti ces such as mediation and negotiated lI7g ones. proclaimed role to be "the environmen­ rulemaking have spread. and arc now tal president." Bush wi ll have to take being used by government entities and benefit of close cultural ties or long­ the lead in those international ini tiatives the couns. The Environmental Protec­ standing relalions with most of the now bei ng fomlcd to deal with our tion Agency. for example. has staned developi ng world. A prudent fi rst step global environmental woes. Marshall­ bringing concerned pan ies together to would be to employ Americans with ing a concerted effort among AmericlI 's CO ll ective ly negotiate acceptable foreign expenise to conduct cultural environmental professionals is the Bush regulations. profiles in preparation fo r international administration's best hope for generat­ negotiations. The E.P.A. is current ly ing the innovative approaches req ui red Practices such as media­ signing a growing number of bi lateral to solve environmental problems in a agreements with developing nations politically complex and div ided world. tion and negotiated and these close ti es could help make in­ Only in this way will answers be found rulemaking have spread, ves tigations feasible. According to that meet the needs of our western al1i es. negotiation theorist Stephen Weiss. but also of headmen in New Guinea .• and are ItOW being used by such profiles coul d help sunnou nt the government ellfities alld cultural barriers that o ft en s:lbotage the courts. The EPA has mul tilateral attempts at cooperation. Once we have ac hieved a bctter under- started bringing parties The Ripon Educational standing of our negoti ating panners. we Fu nd 's Mark O. Hatfield together to negotiate ac- must identify Americans who can put this understanding to effecti ve use at the Scholarshi p Is Now Accept­ ceptable regulations. bargaining table. Those urban planners. ing Proposals For Fall 1989. lawyers. mediators and others who have Our domestic experience suggests Ihat negotiated creative so lutions to our For Delail s, Please Contact: global envi ronmental management ef­ domestic problems sho uld be e n ~ The Ripon Educati on Fund forts will succeed onl y when the world couraged to apply their skills on a global community ac knowledges the compet­ scale. Those who have helped develop 6 Library Court , S.E. ing interests thaI prevent international a beller framework for solvi ng domes· Washington, D. C. 20003 cooperation. BeCore initiati ng any new ti c e nvironmental woes may ha ve global accords.lhe Bush admini stration si milar success wit h international would do we ll to understand why some problems. nations ei ther block or promote en­ Although such individuals may have Don 't You Think It 's Time vironmental protection efforts. In shon. had little international experience. they the United States must learn more about possess skills that make them effecti ve You Resubsc ri bed To The the internal dynamics that shape the in any negotiation selli ng. Their work Ripon Forum? po licy of individual nations, especiall y brings them into daily contact wi th the Or Maybe Shared Our deve loping ones. Since do mestic wide variety of "c ultures" - polit ical. Magazine With Your politics detennine whether internation ­ ideological. social. scientific - involved al accords ultimately succeed or fai l. in modern American envi ronmental Fri ends? we must be able to predict whether connicts; indeed. their success del>cnds proposed measures can be enforced in upon the ir sensiti vity to and com­ For $25 You Can Do This signatory nations. It is no coincidence prehension of these varied interest Today! that the most effective international groups. protocols have been concluded among By an:ll yzing the underl yi ng interests Send Check Or Money Order the European Economic Community of our negotiating panners and exploit­ To: nations. where member nations have a ing the differences that seem to separate The Ripon Society sophisticated understanding of one them. our negotiators wi ll be able to 6 Library Court, S.E. another's domestic circumSlances. devise original approaches that bui ld Washington, D.C. Of course. America may have a com - consensus out of apparent connict. 20003

Ripon Fortlm, Seplember /989 13 Constance Newman: Heading the Federal Bureaucracy Don't mistake Connie Newman as :. debate. But ever the astute polit ician, by W illia m I', McKenzie hidebound opponent of government. As she knows the ti ming is not right. She is she recent ly told the New York Times, concerned. howeve r, Ihat stringent onn ie Newman has a job whic h "Political appointmen ts make a mistake in many in politics wo uld kill to e thi cs la ws a re dete rring qualified assuming they have met th e enemy. people from seeking governme nt have: the di rcctorship ofthc Of­ C When they start treating thecivil service employment. fice of Personnel Management , pre­ as the enemy. it start s to become the vious ly known :IS the Un ited States enemy," Civil Service Comm ission. Newman. Like her superior. George Bush. New­ who has worked in 12 different federal Like her superior, George man believes in the potential for good age ncies. now dctennines pol icies that go vernmen t. He r career, in fa c t, Bush, Newman believes in govern 2.2 million federal employees. demonstra tes just how much govem ­ Ihe potentialjor good And her mandate. if you will. is to make me nt has changed, especially in the government accountable to the public. government , hiring of women. In he r quiet office overlooking a After gradualing from Bates Co llege varicty of federal bui ldings. Newman in 1961 , Newman started as a clerk Newman is also worried about laws describes to a visitor that "we are at a typist in the Interior Depart ment. After that prohibit government workers from point in the history of the civil serv ice six years in personnel at the Bureau of entering the industry they once rcgu· where we must recvalume and change Land Managemem, she serv ed in the hued, or with which they have dealt. the systems." This me.ms rcfonning Nixon-Ford adminstra tions as as assis­ S uc h res t ri c tio ns coul d dri ve compensat ion and benefits, but il also tant sec re tary at the Depart ment of knowledgeable people from public ser­ e ntails improving the way in whic h Health, Educat ion, and Welfare, and vice, she says. offering as evidence a government develops m:magers. Housing and Urban Development . key healt h benefi ts ex pen who has al­ According to Ne wman, a former These experic nces should help as ready le ft OPM fearful that new regula­ direclOr of VISTA and a managemcnt Newman seeks rcfonns. She would par- tionsco ul d prohibit him from getti ng an consultant, shc fi rst wants to e xamine ticularly likc to reverse the stigma at­ appropriate private·sector job. how the pri v:ue sector trains managers. tached 10 govemment service, much of Conn ie Ne wman is the prototype Then she wants to im prove the quali ty which arose from the anti-Washington George Bush w:lnts in govemment. She assessments of govcnuncnt work. campaigns of Ronald Reaga n :lnd is comm itted to broad public goals. Not enough evaluation is being done, Jimmy Cart er. (Newnwn is a lifelong member of the the fonner civil scrvll nt says. and this To do so. Newman wants to improve NAACP), but is also focused on the bot­ le nves m a nagers wit hout t he ap­ the understanding academic Icaders, as tom line. In government, she says, the propri:lte d:lta by which to j udge a well as private sector fi nns, have of bollom line is improving service to the program 's usefulness. For example, the govemment work. A fomler adjunct public. Occupational Safety and Health Ad­ faculty member of Harvard's John F. That may so und rh etori cal. but some­ ministration enforces workplace safety. Kennedy School. she contends that this how with Newman it doesn't. She If the agency is effective, there should is necessary to erase the negati ve image kn ows that govern me nt se rvice be a corres ponding dec rease in many have of government. demands both high work standards and workplace injuries. But OSHA doesn't Newman :llso wants 10 create an ad­ good morale, and believes George Bush tall y workplace injuries, so this makes junct to the Federal Election Commis­ h:ls assembled an administra tion that an accura te assessment of the agency's sion wh ich would make it easier for will improve both . perfonnance diffic ult. people to ente r government service. Let's hope that's true. Govern ment In the coming decade of fiscal realism, One of the office's purposes would be service took a blow wi th the ethics whic h is an outgrowth of the budget ex­ to financiall y assist pol itical appointees violations of the Reagan administration cesses of the 1980s. such inexactness who await co nfirma tion. (A self­ and Jimmy Caner's negative view of could hun an agency. As Newman says, employed consultant, Newman could Washington. But the career services are if a depart me nt doesn' t apPr.l isc its per­ not li ne up any new business aft er her e ssen tial. As fi ve -ti me Ca b ine t fo nnance. it co ul d receive fewer federal nominati on. so she took out a si;l; -month sec rc w ry Elliot Richardson wrote doll ars. bank loan unt il her confimlation.) recently, they "carry out the national Believe it or not, Newman would also agenda. " • lVi/li(lll/ P. M('Kt'lI: ie is ediror 0/ rhe like 10 revisit the ethics-in-government Ripon Forum.

14 Ripon Forl/ m. September/989 James Wray and White House Politics "J'veoften wondered if it was the right by David A. Fuscus decision." said Wray." And now I know it was ~ca u se it enabled me to get more ames Wray. thedirectoroftheOf­ experience in the field and helped me a fiee of Political Affairs at the great deal. " More experience included a White House. is obviously a man stint on a govern or's campaign, two coJmfortable with himself and his presi­ years of running his own consulting dent. Whether sitting at his desk or by finn and three years as a regional direc­ his window overlooking the West Wing tor for the Republican National Com- of the White House, Wray talks with miuee. ease about himself and the president he In 1987. it was time again to enter a helped elect. He enjoys his job and calls presidental campaign and Wray ac· "working a dream. the cu lmination of it cepteda post with Bush '88 as a regional everything I thought I wanted to do." political director. Bush was obviously Director ofOPM Constance Newman Throughout various administrations. pleased wi th his dedication and perfor­ (see article page 14) the Office of Political Affairs has served mance because after the primaries. he presidents in different ways. But it has was promoted 10 national field director, always been a key component in for­ a senior staff position. and one of the mulating the complex nat ionwide ef­ people who worked out the strategy and forts of a party's sluggJe for political of­ made the decisions that won George fices. Jim Wray's predecessors have Bush the White House. been key aides to their presidents, the The position was different from his men who help ensure that political ques­ past one. "more st ra ig ht management" tions and challenges are met corrrectl y. he called it. but it gave him the oppor­ Ed Rollins directed Ronald Reagan's tunity 10 work one-on-one with George political affairs office for many years Bush. and also managed his 1984 re-election "He's the best candidate I've ever campaign. been associaled with, hi s political gut Wray is a seasoned political pro who instincts are amazing. He served as the has worked 18 years to reach the pin­ guiding light for the campaign. setting nacle that every campaign worker the tone and the message." dreams of: the While House. He staned Since coming to Ihe White House. his career just out of Ohio State as a Bush has pursued an ambitious agenda. volunteer on a poli tical campaign. Over incl uding one for Wray's domain. The James Wray the years. he moved up in Ohio politics political affairs office has been changed and became the Slate director of the from the Reagan years and assigned dif­ Republican Pany. Finally. he entered ferent priorit ies. Wray. along with Lee presidential politics in 1979 by accept· Atwater at the RNC and leaders of the ing a position with the ReaganIBush congressional committees. wants to licket . It was a tough race for Wray but create a fann team of candidates at the one that was followed by an even local level. They feel that by recruiting tougher decision, qualified Republicans for state and local After Reagan was elected. the new races, the pany will have a pool of can­ president offered him a posi tion in didales for congressional and guber­ WashinglOn. a move that would require natorial races into th~ next century. This relocation of his family and disruption would create a strong Republican Pany of his successful career in Ohio. After a that could do more than win presidential long and IOrtuous debate, he turned the races. The party could control Congress job down. and win majorities in state legislatures. In shon. it could become the majority (see anicle page 16) David A. Fuscus iJ (I member of fhe pany in the United States. • Ripon FOrllm editorial board.

Ripon Forum. September 1989 15 Andrew Card and the Public Service Presidency Card, it began when he ran for the by William P. McKenzie Holbrooke , Massachusetts plann ing An important element to board in 1971. n importllnt element 10 under­ It's not surprising, then, that both men understand about the Blish stand abou t the Bush ad ­ prefer solving problems over public administration is that it is ministration is that il is led by A relations. Theirearly experiences tnught someone who is deeply. perha ps fanati­ led by someone who is them about running organi zlII ions or cally, committed 10 the not ion of public governments. not rh etoric or screen deeply, perhaps fanatical­ service. This siems not so much from a presence. (The Bush White House is social consciousness as il docs from an Iy, committed to the 110ti0l1 notoriously not consumed with making obligat ion \0 onc's society. In his later the evening news, The result is the ofpublic service. This years Roben Kennedy spoke about so­ demythologiz.1Iion of the While House stems not so much from a cialjustice: Gt.-o rgc Bush wants a kinder over the past eight months.) America in which people serve each social consciou.sness as it An administration has 10 be about other. does from all obligalion to The new president 's cammillnenl to more than public service, however. and the Bush admin stration has been th is ideal began wi th the example of his one's society. criticized for nOi having enough con­ father. the late Prescoll Bu sh. who nec ting threads. President Reagan relains a strong influence over the CUT­ spoke almost reflexi vely about the need from the chief-of-staff." rent administration. As a lown council for strong defense and the perils of big The sum of that statement is that his leader and Uni ted States senator, the government. George Bush has ne ve rop­ job is fun . and The New York T imes elder Bush wa~ held in high esteem by posed these ideals, but neither has he describes Card as John Sununu's "alter his youn g son. And since Prescott woven them together in a visionary ap­ ego." That may be true, al though Card Bush's term s in the Senate coincided proach to gove rnment. possesses the gentler edge Sunun u al­ with the non-confromational Eisen­ Card responds that George Bush was legedl y lacks. But the two have worked hower years, hi s ex ample instructed his note1ected 10 bring "wrenching change" together since they served on New son in the me ri ts of bipartisanshi p. to America. Rather, he was brought into England city planning boards in 1971. This approach to politics is evident offi ce to "move us forward in educat ion And in the early 1980s, when Card was throughout the White House. Perhaps and national service. " And he says that the Reagan administration's guber­ with the except ion of While House the new president's style is helping natorial liaison, he and Sununu, then Chief of Staff John Sunu nu, who is per­ move the agenda forward. New Hampshire 's govern or, were in ceived as a tough politician, the Bush For instance, Card says, George Bush regular contact, admins trat ion is chara cterized by has a spontaneous way of including Their re lations hip brings a New people who would be equally at home others. This is important, because "if England influence to an administration on a cit y council. you limit yourself to structu re, you may that has an otherwise southwestern During a recent interview in his While be too late to respond." orientation. This combination re flects House office. Deputy Chief of Staff Earlier this year. Card con sidered George Bush's odyssey from the son of Andrew Card points out that "instilling taking the Bush-sty le back to Mas­ a Connecticut senator to a prosperous a greater recognition of the value Ion sachusetts to seek the I 990 GOP guber­ Texas oil man. 11 also leads to an ad­ public serv ice" is amo ng the natorial nom ination. But in July he ministration that is trying to blend social administra tion 's top three priorities. decided against that propositi on. Some res po nsibi li t y and free-mark et And by admitting the first two goals - Card-watchers contend it would have economics. "peace and prosperit y" - are not so involved a lough primary race against So far, public opinion polls give that original. Card makes more evident the fe llow RepUblican William Weld and, if attempt high marks. Each presidency president's attachment to social involv­ victorious, the state's alwa ys strong reflccts the habits of its leade r, so look me n!. Democratic Party, for the Bush administration to continue For Bush, the all:lchment began when But Card is al so ebullie nt about his its pragmatic appro.1ch. This style is he was elected chainnan of the Harris present position. In a statement void of rooted in the service tradition that County GOP in HouslOn in 1962. For any Haldeman-li ke arrogance, the 42- doesn't consult ideology for guidance, year old Massachusetts native says, "I but rather what it considers the best in - William P. McKell:ie is edilOl" of Ihe sit 20 feet from the president and 10 feet terests of the broadest number. • Ripon Forum.

16 Ripon FOl"um. September 1989 THE RIPON FORUM "Celebrates the Middle . . ," Subscribe Now to the Ripon Forum The Washington Post o Yes! Send me a full year of the Ripon Forum for only "Required reading for progress ive $25 Republicans"-TIME Magazine o Enclosed is a contribution to the Ripon Society: "Positioning itself to be the voice ofahe Party's $ ---- future"-The Boston Globe

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Ripon Forum. September 1989- 17 contil/lled frolll page 7 Soviet officials. contrary to public state­ vival of any leader seen to be propped ments. ha ve failed 10 share thei r maps of up by outside forces." mine locations wi th the Afghan govern­ The optimistic American altitude ECONOMIC LEVERAGE AND ment. Thi s situation makes such tra in­ which holds that whatever government ASSISTANCE ing invaluable. The piedgeofS2 million emerges will need aid from the West by the U.S. for th is U.N. coordinated ef­ lIlust be tempered with the faClthat four ntil a stable government is estab­ fon 10 train Afghan refugees in mine of the seven alliance panies are openly Ulished in Kabu l. the U.S. along awareness is a good stan and interna­ anti-western. Thus the U. S .. by provid­ with other allies. should coordinate tional suppon should be encourJ.ged. ing mili tary assistance to such groups. economic assistance leverage to reduce may have created a monster it will find conflict and encourage reconciliation. SUPPORT FOR KABUL AIRLIFT difficult to tame as the specter of civil Conditional economic assistance could war looms before us. provide the appropriate incentive. al­ he u.s. should suppon U.N. efforts Several months foll owi ng the Sov iet though it must be used judiciously if it T to airlift food and medicine to the wi thd rawal. Ihe military stalemate con· is to prove effecti ve. Sho uld civil war straving and sick in Kabul. 11 ci ty whose tinues with worsening internecine con · develop. it ma y be the onl y lcver.lge the population had doubled duri ng the war flict among the resistance. This situa­ U.S. has to influence events in Af­ to 2.2 mil lion. one million of which arc tion suggests thm while Washington ghanistan. internall y displaced. Although a U.N. shoul d continue to suppon the resis­ The United Slates along wi th th e airlift could undermine a resistance tance. with new emphasis on the United Nations should encourJ.ge donor blockade of Kabul. suppon of an Hi rlift regional commanders. il should also ac­ nat ions 10 pledge economic assistance targelled at saving Ihe li ves of children. ti vely consider alternatives to a resis­ to help rebuild Afghanistan . especially women. and OI her vulnerable groups is tance victory. By pu rs uing solely a the Sov iet Union and Japan. necessary. Regional (:ommanders in military strategy. the political initi ative conjunction with the resista nce groups may be passi ng to Kabul while making RECONSTRUCTION AFTER are exploring ways to re lieve Ihe serious it difficult to negotiate a political sellle­ POLITICAL SETTLEMENT food shonage in Kabul and Jlllalahad. ment wi th the Afghan government and Such an airlift would be closely the Soviets. The U.S. must consider iven the escalation of fighting. the monitored by the U.N. which would be using all its diplomatic tools in forcing G United States should discourJ.ge responsible for coordination and dis­ the Najibullah government from power, the U.N. from promOling massive tribution of food and relief supplies for including dialogue with tri bal chiefs repatriation before II poli tical senlement threatened popu lations only. lind ex-King Zahir and consultations is reached. It is clear that both sides - the with Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Kabul government and the resistance - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE With Soviet withdmwal the slage has would anempt to manipulate repatria­ been set for a final showdown between tion effons while fi ghting each other ll Ihe imponant issues might be the Afghan government and the resis­ and take advantage of the United Na­ A di scussed at an international con­ tance. However. no w the battle lines arc tions presence. Should c iv il war ference on the future of Afg hllnist:ln. less clear. Refugees who once fl ed develop among resistance groups fol ­ Such a conference might be useful in Soviet attacks. now flee crossfire be­ lowing defent of the Afgh,lIl govern­ bringing togetherlhe international com­ tween thei r countrymen. With hu ge ment. given the unrest and Ihe presence munity :lnd re sistance parties. e n­ stockpiles of weapons. fierce rival ries of millions of Soviet 1:md mines. it couraging the growth and development and bitler di visions among the resis­ would be extreme ly dangerou s for oflhe interim government . and di sc uss­ tance groups and local commanders. a refugees to ret urn . Assistance if ex­ ing what kind of transitional or succes­ resistance victory could lead to civil ­ ploited. wi ll not serve the interests of the sor government all pan ics wo uld like to war. In the final analysis. it is up to the Afgh:m people. the region or the United see. Theconference need not be a pledg­ Afghan people to determine thei r future States. ing conference per se. However. it and bring peace to their devastated land. would be useful to disc uss The Uni ted States must use its in fl uence A FIRST STEP: ADDRESSING Afghanistan 's reconstruction needs and - primarily economic leverage used THE LAND MINE PROBLEM urge generous international assistance. j udiciously - to promote reconciliation NOW and peaceful transition to a stable. REALISM REGARDING OUR broad-based government. Only a polit i­ ne step being taken in Pakistan POLICY: A FINAL NOTE cal solution wil l perm it over five million O which hel ps refugees face a major Afghan refugees to end their long ordeal impediment 10 thei r return is mine he United States must be realistic and return to their war-tom count ry and awareness and disposal training. Soviet T and recogni ze that American in­ begin reconstruction. • forces left behind an estimated 10-30 fluence is limited inside Afghanistan million land mi nes in Afghanistan. The and that Afghanistan's complex trilxl1. location of the mines are dirficult to map ethnic and religious factors cannot be Ahead in the Ripon Forum: becau se many were strewn from ignored. As Riaz M. Kh an. a Pakistani -More On Who's Who in the Bush helicopters and planes and many have diplomat has pointed out, "Time-tested Admin istration washed down from higher elevations to Afghan tradi tions and the array of for­ -Learning From Baltimore's Schools farnling llreas in va lleys. Moreover. ces in Afghan istan rule out political sur-

18 Ripon FOrllm. September 1989 Give That Plane A Mission! country. Of course . it may be hard to get by Rick Horowitz the plane through those swining doors in the back of the auditorium; they'd omewhere in the past, I'm bet­ Hang a chunk of one of probably want to do it in the schoolya rd. ting, you took off. Then you came these radar-absorbing One way or another. though, all those back down. Did you feel like a S babies/rom your rear-view Stealths shou ld be keeping perfectly million dollars? Maybe. Did you feel busy, no matter whal. And if a few are like half a billion dollars?! Onl y if yo ur mirror, and you may never still idle somehow? Break them into middle name is Stealth. have to worry about speed pieces and se J1 them off as souven irs. The B-2 bomber with the secret iden­ Sentimcntal -- wouldn 't you want to tity made its maiden voyage the other traps again. day , and after wi nging through, the own a piece of something that once cost thcn we're mak ing even nicer with the a half-billion dollars -- ye t practical. California ski es for a little less than two Soviets than we are already? Wouldn't Hang a chunk of one of these radar-ab- hours, the accolades came pouring in. we have spent alt that money for noth ­ sorbing babies from your rear-view mi r- "I'm very, very pleased it got off the ing? ror, and you may ne ver have to worry ground and landed without incident," Nonsense. about speed traps again. Forget about said a lcadi ng Stealth supporter in Con­ A nation that can recycle beer cans "Fuzzbustcrs" -- with Stealt h, you' ll gress. isn't going to let 132 Stealth bombers go have the very latest technology. "The fact that it was an un eventful to waste. Even if the worst should hap­ Outasight! first night made it. .. a success," said the pen -- even ifpelice should break out-­ CEO of the firm that built it. there's no way You the Taxpayer won't INTERNS NEEDED Well. mliybe not pouring in . Call it a be gelling you moncy's worth. I mean, case of lowercd expectations, but you I can't do anything to bring down the get the feeling thc plane didn't have to price of building them, but even I can The Ripon Society's do ve ry much to do more than enough. figure oUI lots of ways to usc an un ­ Washington headquarters is And one of the test pilots even reported employed Stealth once we've got Ihem now accepting applications "it was kinda fun, " so that should settle For instance? for internships during the fa ll il. Throttle up. right? As a wall hanging -- just the thing for and winter months, Not exactl y. Some spoilers in Con­ over the mantelpiece. gress and elsewhere keep raising ques­ As a letter opener for oversized en­ tions. Just two questions, actuall y. velopes. Responsibi li ties include edit- Question I: How are we going topay for As a serving tray at those large out­ ing. writing. research and it? Aflerall, the Ai r Force wants 132 of doors gatherings. conference-planning. If inter- the things, at $530 million per; that's As a trai ning boomerang for ath letes ested, please send resume $70.2 billion in all (and you know those on steroids. and one writing sample to: num bers will be airbone themselves any As li hot new ride at the amusemen I day now,) park. And Qyestion 2; What' s it supposed to As a conference table in the trendies I Bradley E. Kendall do? They seem to be having some dif­ of offices. How many negotiat ions have c/o The Ripon Society ficult y, you see, deciding on Stealth's broken down ovcr "the shape of the miss ion. You can't have a plane without table?" Wit h Steal th in the middle 0 f 6 Library Court S.E. a mission, everybody knows that, but your confe rence room, there 'll be Washington, D.C. 20003 nobody's sure what Stealth's mi ssion enough nooks and crannies to accom - ought to be. Some people, in fact. are modatc all sorts of angry factions. wondering: What ifby the time all these As a goodwill ambassador in the new KESSLER & ASSOCIATES Stealths are ready to go oul and evade Ai r Force p.T. campaign -- "8 -210 You r Soviet radar defenscs li nd blow up School." When I was a kid, Indians in GOVERNMENT AND Soviet missile sitcs and all -- which is nati ve costumes -- Hopi , I think -- used PUBLIC AFFAIRS where Stelilth 's mission seems to be to come to our weekly assembly SPECIALISTS leaning, if onl y by default .- what if by programs. dance native dances, sell the odd postcard, make new fri ends. If the Richard S. Kessler (202)-547-6808 Rick Horowitz is a syndicated columnist Hopi can strut their stuff in Brooklyn President in Washington. D.C. there's no reason the Air Force can't do 126 Kentucky Avenue, S.E. the same kind of thing all over th , Washington, D.C. 20003

Ripon FOn/m. September 1989 19 REVIEWS

The Fall and Rise of Liberal Republicans "The Decline and Fall oflhe Li beral Republicans" By Nicol C. Rae, Oxford Uni versity Press. 273 pp. $29.95 fighting which reached its peak in the se lves. If I am smarting from Rae's by Dale Curtis 1%4 presidential campaign is correctl y cri ticism. perhaps it is because he has portrayed as the harbinger of today's struck close to the mark. His study has s onc of the younger generation "new politics: ' Rae's scope is broad. as renewed in me the debate over Ripon's of Ripon ac tivists. I took he competently explores the part y's c hances in the world. and those of dubious pleasure in reading A progressive heritage from the Civil War moderate/progressive RepUb licans what should be a major new book for onward: the lasting impact of the '64 generally. Sometimes those prospects progressive-minded Republicans: "The Goldwater movement: the subsequent lire frustrating because of the constant Decline and Fall of Liberal paradoxes of Richard Nixon: the trans­ demand to raise money, find new faces. Republicans" by Professor Nicol C. Rae formation of the American electoral and put together coalitions. of Florida Intemational University. system since 1968: and the persistence On the pleasurable side. this is a book of liberal Republicanism in Congress. I wish I had written: in fact I have re­ The book received favorable, if brief, searched the subject widely from both a Unless Professor Rae pos­ reviews upon publication. inadvertcnly professional and scholarly perspective. underscoring Rae's thesis that the sub­ sesses clairvoyant powers and I am familiar with several dozen of ject is genemll y ignored. the author's many sources. Rae care ful- superior to mine, he has no The very phmse "li beral Republican" will usuall y elicit a smirk. and most basis for proclaiming that Surely Rae gaes lOa far, Eighties "liberal Republicans" are more the liberals' time in nation- comfortable wi th the labels "moderate" al GOP affairs "has bill surely he reflects the or "progressive." BUI whatever your state ill which we find our­ preferred label, the tmdition is vivid. definitely passed." and this is where Rae does not so much selves. analyze liberal RepUblicanism as belit­ But Rae's book also provides the jus­ tle it. Thus, Eisenhower's "amalgam of tification for hope, which he inexplicab­ ly dcmOnStmlCs how the modem hi story progressive rhetoric and stTheodore Roosevelt: con­ dissemllion, and it admirably redresses conservatives that they lack principle. servative hard-liners, a modem variant the neglect of the Republican Party in Throughout. Rae uses lerms like "i n­ of an old breed: and "stalwarts." those recent American political science and coheren t:' "irresol ute." "in ept. " "a viscerall y anti-government parly historical wri ting, Indeed. the GOP in- vague abstraction." Ripon RepUblicans loyalists who go with the winners. "In might as we ll as be invisible, "virtually times of normalcy and prosperity," he extinct" our consti lUency "evaporated." says. " th e s lalwarl wing us ually Dale £. CIII'tis is a.f$o('iate NJiWI' of till' Surely th is goes too far, but surely it prevails. In times of social unrest at Ripon Forum . reflects the state in which we find our- home and international crisis," such as

20 Ripoll Forum. September 1989 the periods 190 1-16 and 1936-68. the class. "baby boom" voters most con­ li berals gain the upper hand. With such cerned about promoting economic Rae's book provides the cycles in mind. unless Professor Rae growth. protecting the environment. possesses clairvoyam powers superior raising educational achievement. and justificationfor hope, to mine. he has no hasis for proclaiming playing a reponsi ble role in the world. which he inexplicably tries thai the li berals' time in national GOP This is not ancient his lOry. nor is it ir­ affairs "has defi ni tely passed." relevant to the agenda for the 1990s. to crush. Second. despite his assenions 10 the Professor Rae oversimplifies his inter­ contrary. Professor Rae 's book clearl y pretation by joining the shon-sighted smaller and smaller numbe rs for defines a liberal ideology and trad ition. chorus which tends to see it that way. cardboard candidates whose rhetoric Yes. ideology. because ahhough liberal Eisenhower. Nixon. and perhaps Bush seems irrelevant to the challenges at Republicans eschew appeals to "narrow did not poslpone a clearer ideological hand. ideology" and prefer a "pragmatic" ap­ direction as much as they adopted the This must be seen as a political issue proach. it is high time we were recog­ moderate/liberal heritage of ba];mcing of the utmost imponance. Scholars of ni zed for possessing a distinctive body inevitable change against old ideas and part y "dealignment" have done a Spoll y of ideas and leaders. consistent habits. job of prescribing refonns intended to throughout history and represcntative of Finally. "Decl in e and Fall of the restore sense of faith in the system's idcntifi'lble demographic groups. From Liberal Republicans" acknowledges ability to produce resul ts: "liberal" Lincoln and the Foundcrs. we have in­ that today . s adherents are richer in ideas Republicans are a pan of the answer. herited respect for the entrepreneur. the than ideological oomph: liberal Repub­ Thc American people want a govern­ free man. unfettcred and rathcr tn:. li cans' chief problem is "the lack ofa vi­ ment th:u is compassion:ue. but not ir­ abl e network of loca l volunteer or­ responsible: paternalistic. but not ar­ Although liberal gani zations to transform liberal rogant. Ripon RepUblicans wi ll con­ Republicanism from a vngue abstrac­ tinue to lead the way toward those ends. Republicans escew appeals tion into a national politicnl move­ as they have for generations. to "narrow ideology" and ment." Elsewhere he adds that the Ripon By chronicling the troubles of the Society "succeeded as an effecti ve li beral Republicans in recell! American prefer a "pragmatic" ap­ forum for discussion for Republican in· politics. Professor Rae has shown us proach, it is high time we tellectuals. but the new volu nteer-ac· how the refonns of the '60s and ·70s. were recognized/or pos­ tivist poli tics within the GOP remained combined with the onslaught of the new the exclusive provi nce of the conserva· armics from lefl and ri ght. over­ sessing a distinctive body tive ne twork." whe lmed the minority within a of ideas and leoders. Ripon is not a po lit ical activists' minorit y. While hc has reached some group. But it can serv e as a rallying conclusions unsupponed by his own poin!. recalling our common values and evidence. he hlls in advenenly rein­ coyraeed by the state. From Lincoln and tradition. We should also recognize that forced thi s writer's conviction that TR onward. Rae ex plains. the pany has an y national political resurgence must progressive Republicanism will survive possessed an "urban . libeml element. be the work of countless hundreds of and prosper in the years ahead. • conservative in the sense of seeking contributors, activ ists. and leaders at refonn to avoid social conni ct, but often every level. radicHI in its desire 10 exorcise corrup­ The first job of those activ ists wi ll be Can We Talk? tion from government and to promotc fi ghti ng the sense that we are irrelevant. effecti ve and well-mannged public ser­ undefined or "on the frin ge." In this For fut ure issues, the Ripon vices." regard. what disturbs me most about In more recent yenrs, the pany was contemporary politics is the increasing­ Forum is seeking to dominated by powerful governors li kc ly ri gid ideological tests we impose on sirengthen its role as a Thomas Dewey nnd Nelson Rockefellcr pany nominees. The old metaphor of "foru m" for Ripon of New York. al though leaders were political panics brokered by the bosses Republicans nationwide. We spread across the nonhern tier. the bor­ in a process akin to political market re­ need your letters with reac­ der states. nnd the West Coast. Twenty­ search has been replaced by James L. tion to our best and worst fea- five years ago. in the hcat of 1964. Sundqu isl's metaphor of teTTain to be li berals were a Inrge nnd distinct faction fought over. wi th multiple centers of tures, your views on major is­ and Senator Jacob Javits offered "an power and conte nding arm ies. sues, your act ivities to spread eloquent res tntement of the Republican Republican "libeml s" or "moderates." the progressive Republican progressive tradition in "Order of Bat­ lik e the ir counte rparts in th e message. The best letters will tle." The Nixon adm inistration isjudged Democratic Pany. are less motivated by be prinled, subject 1.0 editing to have "implemented a fair proponion a crusade to persecute opponents for for conside rat ions of taste, of the Ripon policy agenda:' and as heresy. than by an urge to work out the recently as 1980. John Anderson pur­ urge nt bu sincss o f Ihe country. length and appropri ateness sued what Riponers call the "frontlash Moderati ng forces therefore avoid in· fo r the Ripon Forum vote." the masses of educmed. middle trapany battle. and the vo ters tum out in audience.

RipOIJ Forum, Seplember /989 21 THE CHAIR MAN'S CORNER

Peace in the Middle East dan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab am convinced that there are actions that by Uill Cl inger Emirates. Morocco and others to join the United States can take to help move with Egypt in making peace with Israel . the process along. gy ptian Presiden t Hos ni But he also believes that Israel. in lurn . We have a critical role to play in get­ Mubarak leaned back in his must recognize the reality of the Pales­ ting the peace process back on Ir:lck. chairon a porch orhis villa over­ E tin ian Liberation Organization and that BOIh Is rael and Egypt are major looking the Mediterranean and said, "I any lasti ng peace can only arise out of recipients of U.S. foreign aid. We must am optimistic about pc:lce and I intend negOlimion between Israel and the PLO. usc the leverage this gives us 10 do two to play an active role in getting other We met President Mubarak on a clear, things. First. we must continue to urge Arab slates to make peace wi th IsraeL" unusa lly p le as,lIl! mornin g i n President Mu barak to gel more acti ve ly This was one of the most interesting Alexandria, Egypt. That afternoon we invol ved in using his posi tion in the mCI Israeli Defense Minister Yitzhak Ara b League to bring other Arab states Rabin in his austere offi ce in Tel Aviv to the bargaining table, He can't wa it We mus/ continue to urge and were able 10 relay the message from until Israel has answered all ofhis ques­ Presidelll Mllborak to gel President Mubamk to him, as we ll as to lions about the future of the West Bank Prime Minister Shamir the nex t monl­ and Ga7..a . Second, we must strive to get more actively involved in ing, Both welcomed our report of the Ismcli s to be more fl ex ible in deal­ using his position ill the Mubamk's eagern ess to be an honest ing with the Palestinians, And we must Arab League to bring broker for peace but we re skeptical of continue 10 make our own assessment of th is ability to bring other Arab states to the PLO's since rity in recognizi ng olher Arab stales to Ihe the peace table. Both also continued to Isr.Jers ri ght 10 ex ist by continuing to bargaining table. Mllbarak natly rule out any possibilt y ofnegoti a­ meet with their leaders. con', wait {Inti/ Israel has lion with the PLO. In fac t, they made no Finall y, recent overtures from Imn bones about thei r re sentmen t of may indicate that they are will ing to es- answered all his questions American diplommic cont acts wi th the abOllllhe future of Ihe PLO in Tunis. Nevertheless. our delegation left the We must strive to get the WeslBank and Caw. region feeling cauti ously optimi stic that Israelis 10 be more flexible there was a real potential for progress in dealing wilh Ihe Pales­ meetings [ and 12 other members of a towards peace in the Middle East. The congressional delegation had during a hopes were dashed the nex t day when tinians, And we must con- we learn ed that the prime minister had week long trip to Eyg pt. Israel.ltaJy and tinue to meet with PLO accepted a number of stringent new con­ Englund in July. This was the second leaders to test their sin­ time I had met President Mubarak and ditions to his peace proposal, forced on my initial impression of him as a force­ him by the mi litant wi ng of hi s Likkud cerity lowards Israel's ful , channing and complex man and Party. The conditions make Sh:uni(s righllo exisl. leader was reconfinned. proposal clearly unacceptable to the He recognizes that there are some Palestinians. Arab nations which will never make It is 11 0t the firs t time that hopes of tablish bett er relati ons with the United peace wi th Israel. namely Syri a. Libya peace in the Middl e EaSI have been Stales. President Bush must move and Iraq. 'They continue to rave about dashed and il will nOI be Ihe last. Since cautiously, but it is an opportunity he throwing Israel into the sea." he said and returning to the Uniled States, there must pursue. A conditi on to better rela­ continued with laughter. '" tried that have been several incidents that have in­ ti ons has 10 be the return of our hostages three limes, where were they then?" named the area, mosl nOl ably the recent and if Iran can help in that, we should Mubarak has now come to the view hoslage crisis. Many in the Arab world begin to bridge the chasm thai separates that any peace in the Middle East must are angry at Israel 's tact icof kidnapping ",. start with a recognition by Arabs of the a Mullah 10 gain the release of captive Only if we can bring Ihe Israelis and permanency of the s tate of Israel. Israeli soldiers and western hostages. ls­ her neighbors to the bargaining table Mubarak believes he can innuence Jor- rael feels that their actions are justified and dilute the destabilizing innuence of and much milder than those adopted by Iran can peace have a chance to move fanatic Shii tes in Lebanon. Everyone is forwa rd. It's achallenge that we as a na­ Bill Clinger is a member of Congress angry the bloodshed cont inues. tion must rise to meet. • from Pen/lsyll'tlllia al1l1 c:/wirmal1 of {he When wi ll the events which work Ripon SocielY. agai nst peace end? I don't know, but I

22 Ripoll Fortlm. Seplember 1989 WASHINGTON NOTES & QUOTES

New Mission for NATO: From Presi­ options -- those advocated by EPA -- on Secretary James D. Watkins, condemn­ dent Bush's May 3 1 speech at Mainz. most of the dozens of issues that were ing the mess he inherited from Ronald West Germany : "leI Europe be whole on the table," Bush apparently trusts Reagan and se ve ral care take r and free! To th e founders of th e A l­ Reilly, and relied on him heavily during secretaries, says " ... years or inattention li ance. thi s aspiration was a di stant the recent "Green Summit" of Western to changing standards and demands dream. Now it 's th e new mission of leaders in Paris. re garding the environment. safety and NATO. " Bush called for strengthening Squeezing Darman: Clever double health arc vividly eXJX> sed to public ex­ the Helsinki Accords to promote free entend re by Budget Direcor Darman amination. almost daily. I a lll certainly elections and political pluralism in concerning his ideological stripes: not proud or pleased with what I have Eastern Europe: bringing glasnost to "There's been an evolution in that I was seen over my fi rst few months in of­ East Berlin: working to reverse the associated with Elliot Ri chardson and fi ce." I<\ vages of acid rain: and the mOSI w ide­ later with James Baker and the Reagan ly pubicizc d suggestion. reaching administra ti on. and I' m now associated agreement by early 1990 0 11 deep c Ul s in with George Bush, but [ think of myself con vellIional weapons based in Europe. as just a kid who's growing along." On Stealing Environmental Thunder: economic theory, Dannan "wouldn't Bush's initiative to help Eastern Europe describe myse lf as a conver! [to suppl y­ fi ght acid ra in onl y reinforces what thi s side economics]. But there are several j o urn a l ha s noted for mo nth s: JX>sitions which supply-siders have and ••• Republ icans are regain ing credibil ity on which I share ... I' ve never put a label on envi ronmental protecti on, especially on myself. and I've always resisted people acid rain. In July. the president sent pUlling labels on me ... Whcn I think w Congress his 300-page plan to attack things through, I think I might call Representati ve Sherwood Boehlert sources of acid rain, smog, and airborne myself a future-oriented conserv ati ve." toxic chemicals: White Housedomestic Dannan and hi s boss are rumored to be Watk ins has initiated an acc1 eraled JX>li cy adviser Roger Porter is said to considering securing a 1991 budget cleanup of nuclear weapons plants (all have told other senior officials that he agreement with Congress as early as thi s of which life shut down for safety expects no other Bush ini tiati ve wilt be falL to ave rl an election -year debate and reasons) :md fonnulation of coherent as complex or ambitious as this. reassure financial markets, Congress national energy JX>li cy, Wh ile Watkins Representati ve Sherwood Boehlert may find it easier to read Bush's lips if and George Bush favor nuclear JX>we r, (R-NY), leader of a pro-environment they read a new book by libe ral Watkins has clearly indicated further GOP bloc in the House, was particular­ economist Robert Heilbronner. "The development will depend on greater at­ ly pleased that the administration took Debt and the Defici t: Fal se Alarms/Real temion to safety. The secretary has al so his advice to cut problem emissions by Possibilities," which argues that the expressed a desire to avert the "g lobal about 50% on a ten-year schedule, and defi cit is greatly overexaggerated due to wamling" trend and encourage solar cap emissions at the JX>st-compliance "ant iquated" account ing methods. and renewable energy sources, level. And while Boehler! and Senator Derense C ut s No Economic Toward a Broader·Based Party: John Chafee (R-RI) said they would Panacea: Economist Robert J. Samuel­ The C hristian Science Monitor seek ti ghter mOlOr vehicle controls than son dampens enthusiasm that c ut s in TeJX>rt s that of Bush's 303 presidential those sought by the adminislration, they U.S. military spending could occur staff selections that require Senate ap­ a g reed that h arsh ly critic al en­ quickl y, and counsels that wi th in the provaL 62 so far (about 20 percent) are vironmentali st rh elOric could pl ay into contex t of a $5 trillion economy, JX>liti ­ women. Thlll 's a beller record than the hands of pro-industry voices in the call y conceivable cutS would have onl y Ronald Reagan ever achieved and it's administration. modest effects. Samuelson says Gordon cl osing in on Jimmy Carter's record of As the bill was be ing draft ed. accord­ Adams and David Gold of the Defense 72 WO men named in 1980. A Geor­ ing to the New York Times Magazine, Budget Project in Washington reviewed getown Uni versit y expert on presiden­ the conciliatory Environmentral PrOtec­ dozens of stud ies and concluded: "The tial apJX>intments says the new regime tion Agency administralO r, William K. U.S. economy is a large one, not easil y "certainly looks a lot less white male Reill y, was forced to get tough under driven or undennined by the relati vely than prev ious groups." fire from skept ical White "Iouse aides small share GNP attributab le to And massive praise met Bush's ap­ including Budget Director Ri chard Dar­ defense," pointment of General Colin Powell to be man, who reportedly coun seled that Samuelson notes that JX>li cies aimed lit chainnan of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. A Bush cou ld never please environmen­ one perce nt an nual productivity in­ fou r-star general and fomler national talists, so why cause such disruption 10 crease would equal abo ut $50 billion a securi ty advisor to President Reagan (he the economy? After weeks of heated year in higher GNP, easil y dwarfi ng the replaced lran ,contnl-tainted Admiral Cabinet-level debate. the Times says, benefit s or any JX>t ential defense cuts, John Poindexter), Powell would be the 'The President chose the most stringent Under New Management: Energy first black to hold the nation's top

Ripon Forum. September 1989 23 military job. Perhaps by 1992 Bush is pro·choice on abortion, a vocal ad vo· thi s issue, White House aide Andrew could persuade him to join his national cate of women in the workplace, a Card , a Bush fa vorite, has indicmed he ticket as vice-pre sident. "moderate" hawk on defense, and a will not seek the gubernalOrial nomina­ Reform Congress Now: Columnist tough fi scal conservati ve. tion. clearing a path for William Weld, Dav id Brode r cites a re mark by President Bush reportedl y dissuaded the former U.S. attorney and chiefofthe Representntive Lynn Martin of Illinois: Chicago businessman Gary MacDougal Justice Department's criminal di vision. "' If one part y had controlled the White from challenging Ms, Martin in the Weld quit the department last year in House for 34 years, as the Democrats GOP primary, but some say she could disgust over ethical transgressions by have controlled the House of Represen­ have used the publicity. What name then·Attorney General Edwin Meese. tati ves, that fact -- and its implications identification she enjoys outside her Ri pon News: The Society has been for our democr.lcy -- wo uld be the topic congressional district may spring from bu sy this s umme r sponsoring of 90 percent of the books, articles. es­ a gaffe in which she suggested that Washington seminars on health care says, columns and editorials about the voters who oppose her because she is and internntional trade. Speakers for the political system.' She is ri ght." Broder from northern Illinois or a woman are health care breakfasts were Senators notes thlltthe familiar practices in Con­ "redneck ." 10hn Heinz (R-PA) and Arlen Specter gress -- honomriums, PACs, and other (R-PA) , and Representatives Nancy incumben t lld vantages -- deter chal­ Lynn Martin's raspy­ Johnson (R-CT) and Tom Tauke (R­ lengers and leave exposure of abuse to IA). Each speaker is a member of the the press. In short, "the whole congres­ voiced candor and Lincol­ Soc iety's ad visory board and a key sional environment is distorted and cor­ nesque wit has made her a legislator on health care issues. rupted by the rush of money into a rigid The international trade breakfast and uncompetitive political system." favorite for reporters. series included as speakers Senator Along those lines. House GOP leaders Frank Murkowski (R-AK): Ambas­ plan another offensive this fall against In New Jersey's off·off·year guber. sador Julius Kat z, deputy U.S. trade rep­ rules that effecti vely bend parliamen­ natorial race, GOP candidate U.S. Rep. resentati ve: Representati ve Bill Frenzel tary procedure to the Democrats' elec­ Jim Courter, a st:lUnch ri ghHo·lifer, has (R-MN): and Franklin Vargo, Com­ toral purposes; President Bush in June said he would not introduce an y legisla­ merce Department deputy assistant o ffered a campaign finance reform tion to restrict abort ion in the wake of secretary for Europe. package that made Democratic incum­ Ihe Supreme Court's Webster decision. The Society is now planning seminars bents howl. Among other details, his and thai he did not think a "consensus" for the fall on environmental and proposal would ban corporate, union existed to change the status quo in New transportation issues. Similarly, the and trade association political action Jersey. That statement, combined with Boston Ripon chapte r. under the committees: scale back contributions Courter 's decision to name a pro-choice guid ance of newly·elected chapter from ideological PACs: more thlln woman as the ne w state party chair. ma y president John Sears and treasurer Ar­ double what pol itical parties can give lead furious pro· life Republicans to thur George. is planning an environ­ candid"tes: trim the fmllking privilege: abandon Courter in November. mental conference for late fall. The Bos­ and prohibit the rollover of excess cam­ Ironically, as columnists Rowland IOn chapter held an in fonnal gathering pllign funds. Evans and Robert Novak point out, on Jul y 26, which fo llowed earlier meet· The Campaign Trail: In Il linois, Courter's Democratic opponent , U.S. ings th is spring. Representati ve Lynn Martin fulfilled Represemative Jim Florio, was until the The Hawaii Ripon chapter. as well as the hopes of many Republicans by an­ 1970s a volunteer in the Right-to-Life the Honolulu Press Club. heard fro m nouncing on June 22 that she will run in Speaker's Bureau. Today he is un com· Ripon Society president Mark Un ­ 1990 for the Senate seat he ld by promising advocate of the choice po s i ~ capher on Ju ne 2. Uncapher addressed Democrat Paul Simon. Martin's raspy­ tion. the Honolulu Press Club on Ihe theme voiced candor and Lincolnesque wit has Republican stra tegists, who know the of progressive Republican values. As made her a fa vo rite for reporters; the Ne w Jersey race will be the earliest, the Honolulu Star-Bulletin reponed. Ripon Soc iety honored her in 1988 most intense ly watched test of the politi­ Uncapher said of the GOP: "We need to along with Wyoming Senator Alan cal impact of Webster. are emphasizing be an open coalition . We can 't afford an Simpson in a "Salute to Humor in F1orio's links to the corrupt Camden ideological dispute - we are a minority American Politi cs." County Democratic machine and his party. There is a role for issues and A former schoolteacher, Martin was uhraliberal record on Capitol Hill. ideas, however. The processofbuilding elected in 1980 to succeed Representa· Retiring Governor Tom Kean defeated a successful party should put all ti ve John B, Ande rson (the lone Florio for the statehouse in 198 1. and Republicans o n common ground." progressive that year in th e GOP has deli vered an impressive comeback Hawaii Ripon chapter president Masu presidential primaries), and has served for the state. Dye r deserves much credit for organiz­ in the House GOP leadership, and the And in Massachuse tt s. where Gover­ ing Uncapher's visit . as well as main­ powerful Budget, Armed Serv ices, and nor Michael Dukakis has seen his taining th e Hawaii Ripon chapter, Rules Comm ittees. On the issues, she popularity plummet even faster than his which is comprised of a number of local sorts out somewhere between Anderson state's bond rating, Bay Staters see the leaders. • • lind her mentor. fellow Illinoisan and first chance for a GOP statehouse win House Republ ican Bob Michel. Martin since 1970. As reported elsewhere in

24 Ripon FOl"llm, September 1989 Ripon Society WHAT OTHERS HAVE National Membership TO SAY ABOUT THE Information Form RIPON SOCIETY

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The ideas " [The Ripon Society is) position­ that gave birth ing itself to be the voice of the to the Republican Party's future" Party are still The Boston Globe alive today... THE RIPON SOCIETY is a progressive litical courage. We believe in intellectual THE Republican research and policy organiza­ and social tolerance, and we are con· RIPON tion that takes its name from Ripon, Wis­ vinced that a viable political party must consin, the birthplace of the Republican renect the rich and vibrant diversity of SOCIETY Party. Founded in Cambridge, Massachu· the American people. RESPONSE setts, in 1962, and now headquartered in Washington, D.C., Ripon has members THE SOCIETY'S MISSION is the reali· FORM and chapters throughout the 50 states. zation of progressive Republican goals o I would like to join Ripon. through public policy development and Enclosed is my check for $25 THE RIPON AGENDA Is the agenda of education, reports and commentary in to pay for my membership Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roose­ the pages of the Ripon fbrum, and the and a subSCription to the velt. The Society Is dedicated to uphold­ support of the political programs of like­ Ripon .FOrum. ing the beliefs and commitments that minded organizations. gave birth to the Republican Party and o Enclosed is my contribution of guided its development. These commit­ THE RIPON SOCIETY is the leading _$35, _$50, _$75, _$100 to ments are clear: progressive Republican organization, and help further the Ripon cause. our ideas have helped set the agenda for • An economy based on free enterprise the Republican Party. Our magazine pro­ o I'm interested in joining a • A strong national defense vides an important forum for the debate Ripon Chapter in my area. • Wise use of environmental resources over the future of the GOP. Your support Please tell me whom to con­ • Limited but compassionate govern- of the Society ensures the continuation tact. ment of thoughtful, constructive, progressive • Peaceful solutions to world problems public policy on behalf of women and o Please send me a complimen­ • Women's and civil rights minorities, world peace and the envi­ tary issue of the Ripon • Social justice ronment. FlJrum . Ripon sponsors annual issue seminars, de­ THE RIPON SOCIETY is the free enter­ velops policy initiatives, and publishes the prise system at its best. Ripon supports MEMBERSIIIPIREQUESf FORM Ripon ibrum, a political magazine noted itself on membership dues, subscriptions for its journalistic quality and incisive to the Ripon Fbrum, fund raising events, Name commentary. and contributions from individuals who support its philosophy and programs. Address THE RIPON SOCIETY seeks to create a strong Republican Party to represent the If you believe in the importance of polit­ City broad mainstream or the American elec­ ical ideas, if you support responsible torate, to develop within the Party a Republican leadership, then join the State ___ Zip ____ vision ror the future, and to nurture crea­ Ripon Society today. Continued progress tive new ideas within the ranks of Ripon on the Ripon agenda requires continued lelephone (H)·______members and all who share similar support rrom Ripon members and others beliefs. who seek progressive public policies. (0) ______

We believe the Republican Party has an 1b help us provide you with information obligation to face today's problems with that best suits your interests, please mark The Ripon Society fresh and innovative solutions within a the appropriate box(es), and detach and 6 Library Court, S.E. framework of flSC8.1 responsibility and po- return the form to Ripon. Washington, D.C. 20003 THE RIPON SOCIETY is a progressive litieal courage. We believe in intellectual THE Republican research and policy organiza· and social tolerance, and we are con­ RIPON tion that takes its name from Ripon, Wis· vinced that a viable political pan.y must consin, the bin.hplace of the Republican renect the rich and vibrant diversity of SOCIETY Party. Founded in Cambridge, Massachu­ the American people. RESPONSE setts, in 1962, and now headquartered in FORM Washington, D.C. , Ripon has members THE SOCIETY'S MISSION is the reali­ and chapters throughout the 50 states. zation of progressive Republican goals o I would like to join Ripon. through publiC policy development and Enclosed is my check for $25 THE RIPON AGENDA is the agenda of education, reports and commentary in to pay for my membership Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roose· the pages of the Ripon ibrum, and the and a subscription to the velt. The Society Is dedicated to uphold· support of the political programs of like· Ripon Fbrum. ing the beliefs and commitments that minded organizations. gave birth to the Republican Party and o Enclosed is my contribution of guided its development. These commit· THE RIPON SOCIETY is the leading _$35, _$50, _$75, _$100 to ments are clear: progressive Republican organization, and help further the Ripon cause. our ideas have helped set the agenda for • An economy based on free enterprise the Republican Party. Our magazine pro­ o I'm interested in joining a • A strong national defense vides an important forum for the debate Ripon Chapter in my area. • Wise use of environmental resources over the future of the GOP. Your support Please tell me whom to con­ • Limited but compassionate govern· of the Society ensures the continuation tact. ment of thoughtful, constructive, progressive • Peaceful solutions to world problems public policy on behalf or women and o Please send me a complimen­ • Women's and civil rights minorities, world peace and the envi· tary issue of the Ripon • Social justice ronment. Fbrum.

Ripon sponsors annual issue seminars, de­ THE RIPON SOCIETY is the free enter· velops policy initiatives, and publishes the prise system at its best. Ripon supports MEMBERSHlPIREQUEST FORM Ripon Fbrum, a political magazine noted itself on membership dues, subscriptions for its journalistic quality and incisive to the Ripon fOrum, fundraising events, Name commentary. and contributions from individuals who support its philosophy and programs. Address THE RIPON SOCIETY seeks to create a strong Republican Party to represent the If you believe in the Importance of polit­ Cit.y broad mainstream of the American elec­ ical ideas, If you support responsible torate, to develop within the Party a Republican leadership, then join the State ____ Zip ____ vision for the future, and to nurture crea­ Ripon Society today. Continued progress tive new ideas within the ranks of Ripon on the Ripon agenda requires continued Telephone (H) ______members and all who share similar support from Ripon members and others beliefs. who seek progressive publiC policies. (0) ______

We believe the Republican Party has an 1b help us provide you with information obligation to face today's problems with that best suits your interes~ please mark The Ripon Society fresh and innovative solutions within a the appropriate box(es), and detach and 6 Library Court, S.E. framework of ftSCai responsibility and po- return the form to Ripon. Washington, D.C. 20003 Ripon Society WHAT

" Our party and our nation are Occupation stronger and more just today be­ cause of your accomplishments" The Charles McC. Mathias U.S. Senator Education/Affiliations Ripon

" The Ripon Society... has the abil­ Society ity to think and ask the right Political Experience questions" San Francisco E:mminer & Chronicle

Research Interests " [The fbrum isl required reading for progressive Republicans)' The Ripon Society solicits new and Time Magazine creative views and ideas on public policy.

" The Ripon Society is very much in the mainstream tradition of the Republican Party" David S. Broder Syndicated Columnist

The ideas " IThe Ripon Society is) position­ that gave birth ing itself to be the voice of the to the Republican Party's future" Party are still The &>ston Globe alive today...