1972. Ripon Society Endorsements RIPON

OCTOBER, 1972 Vol. VIII No. 19 ONE DOLLAR

TOWBrrd a Revival 01 ProllressivislD by Daniel J Elazar THE RIPON SOCIETY INC is a Republ~can research , • poUcy orgarnzation whose members are young business, academic and professional men and COMT·EMTS women. It has national headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts. chapters in thirteen cities, National Associate members throughout the fifty states, and several affiliated groups of subchapter status. The Society is supported by chapter dues, individucil contribu­ tions and revenues from its publications and contract work. The Society offers the following options for annual contribution: Con­ tributor $25 or more; Sustainer $100 or more; Founder $1000 or more. Inquiries about membership and ch~er organization should be addressed to the National Executive DIrector. ENDORSEMENTS ...... 3 NAnONAL GOVEllNING BOABD Officers The Ripon Society's Endorsements of GOP Sena­ ·Howard F. GUlette, Ir., President torial, Congressional and Gubernatorial Candi­ " 'au! F. Anderson, Cbairm_ of the Bom "Patricia A. Goldman, Chail'maD of the Executive Committee dates. ·Howard L. Reiter, Vice President "Edward W. MUler, Treasurer "Ron Speed, Secretary Boston Pittsburgh "Martha Reardon "Murray Dickman READER SURVEy ...... 20 Martin A. Linsky I ames Groninger Michael W. Chrlstian Bruce Guenther Please return this Reader Survey to help us plan Cambridge Joel P. Greene Seattle the future of the FORUM. "Bob Stewart "Tom Alberg Gus Southworth Dick Dykeman Chicago Mason D. Morisset "Jared Kaplan Gene 1- Armstrong Thomas Russell WashingtolL Detroit "Allce Tetelman "Dennis Gibson Lorry Finkelstein Stephen Selander WilUe Leftwich Mary E. Low Hartford Nicholas Norton At Large at issue "St art H McC h "·Josiah Lee Auspitz Los &~:;eles' onaug y ""Christoper T. Bayley "Michael Halliwell Christopher W. Beal Thomas A. Brown Robert L. Beal Edward McAniff ""Rohert D. Behn TOWARD A REVIVAL OF PROGRESSIVISM ...... 11 Mem'(>his ""Michael Brewer by Daniel Elazar William Whitten Jan Bridg~ Rohert Lanier Ralph Caprio Where the Liberals, the Conservatives and the Mary Sullivan ""Bruce Chapman Radicals have failed, can the Progressive tradition Minneapolis Pamela Curtis "John Cairns Robert W. Davidson provide an alternative? Daniel Elazar, director of Jim Manahan Christopher DeMuth Temple University's Center for the Study of Fed­ Kati Sasseville Evelyn F. Ell!s eralism, examines the past and projects for the fu­ Nashville Al Fe1zenberg ture. "Robert H. Donaldson Emil H. Frankel Jerry H. Smith Glenn Gerstell Cary Mlller Ralph J. Heikkinen New H.... elL ""Lee W. Huebner ·Peter V. Baugher Philip C. Johnston Jeffrey M!ller WUliam J. Ki1berg Melvin DUman Judith R. Lumb New Jersey ""J. Eugene Marana "Richard Zimmer Martha McCah!l1 Nancy MUler Tanya MeUch John Brotschol Don Meyer New York ""John R. Price, Jr. leatu.es "Werner Kuhn ""John S. Saloma III Richard Rahn Chris Topping Richard Scanlan Leah Thayer Philadelphia R. Quincy_White COMMENTARY: LOOKING AHEAD TO 1976 ...... 4 "Robert J. Moss W!l1iam Whitten by Robert D. Behn William Horton Lyndon A.S. Wilson Ex.Offlcio At Large "Ralph C. Loomis, National Executive Director Will it be Agnew vs. Percy at the 1976 GOP con­ "Daniel J. Sw!l1inger, National Political Director vention? Maybe. Then again maybe not. ·Richard E. Beeman, Policy Chairm_ ""Peter J. Wallison, F'm_ce Chairm_ "Robert GuUck, CoU1lSel "Clair W. Rodgers, Jr., Counsel "National Executive Committee Member POLITICS: REPORTS ...... 6 ""Past President, Chairman of the Board. or Chofrm_ of the Executive Commiltee Arizona, Indiana, Louisiana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Utah, Wisconsin. THE RIPON FORUM is published seml.monthly by the Ripon Society, Inc., 140 Ellot Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. Second crass postage rates p¢d Boston, Massachusetts. Contents are copyrighted © 1972 by the Ripon Society, Inc. Correspondence to the Editor Is welcomed. POLITICS: PEOPLE ...... 10 In publishing this magazine the Ripon Society seeks to provide a forum for a spirit of criticism, innovation, and Independent think· ing within the RepubUcan Party. Articles do not necessarily rep" These notes on people, long featured in the resent the opinion of the Ripon Society, unless they are expUcitly FORUM newsletter, will now occupy a regular so labelled. page in the FORUM magazine. SUBSCRIPTION RATES are $10 a year, $5 for students, service· men, and for Peace Corps, Vista and other volunteers. Overseas air mail, $10 extra. Advertising rates on request. $10 of any con· trlbution to the Ripon Society is credited for a subscription to the Ripon FORUM. Editor: Dick Behn DULY NOTED ...... 16 Contributing Editors: Clifford Brown, Glenn Gerstell, Howard Reiter. Circulation Dept.: Judith H. Behn. Book review of Sydney Hyman's Youth In Politics Art: LesUe Morrill, David Omar White. and other media notes. Correspondents Mike Halliwell CcrIUomia Al Felzenberg, New Jersey Stephanie MCConaughy, Conn. Deryl Howard, North Carolina James F. McCollunu Jr., Florida Henri Pell Junod, Ohio Michael McCrery, Idaho W!l1iam K. Woods, Ohio LETTERS ...... 18 Ben Violette, Illinois Stephen Jones, Oklahoma Thomas A. Sargent, Indiana Eric R. Blackledge, OregolL Ripon's Endorsement of President Nixon - C.R. Connell, fowa Richard Oher, Jr., PeDDBylvanfa Eric Karnes, Kentuc~ Donato Andre D'Andrea, B. L Some Dissenting Views. ames Harrington, Mciine Bruce M. Selya, Bbode Island JuUa M. Renner, Michigan Foy McDavid, Tennessee Arthur F. McClure, Missouri Stanford M. Adelstein, S. D. William Harding, Nebraska Fred O'Brien, West Virginia Scott Green, New Hampshire W. Stuart Parsons, Wisconsin 14a ELIOT STREET ...... 19 1972 Ripon So(iety Endorsements

Each year the Ripon Society endorses candidates for public office. The endo1'Sements are based 011 the candidates' public record, campaign statements, issues' positions, and in the case of incumbent Sena­ torJ and Representatives, their rating in the annual Ripoll Congressional Ratings. This year'J endone­ ments COI'er candidates for Senator, Governor and u.s. Representative. In measuring a candidate's record we, of course, examine announced positions, but we also look a/ the context in which the position was taken, i.e. the state or locality, the quality of the opponent, and the candidate's long-term potential. In those states with Ripon chapters, the chapter decided the endorsements. In addition, some chap­ ten will separately endorse other statewide and local candidates. We hope that this list will serve as a guide for progressive Republicans. The men and women be­ lou' are Republicam who are looking toward the future, bttt with firm roots in the Republican traditions of cizlil liberties, decentralized gOlJernment, a full market economy, and, mO.rt of all, peace at home and abroad. Their election is important to the future of the Party and the Country.

SENATORIAL Edward J. Mason (Maryland, 6th) "'Gilbert Gude (Maryland, 8th) Winton Blount (Alabama) "'Silvio O. Conte (Mass., 1st) "'Ted Stevens (Alaska) Martin A. Linsky (Mass., 4th) "'J. Caleb Boggs (Delaware) Howard M. Miller (Mass., 9th) "'Charles Percy (Illinois) "'Margaret M. Heckler (Mass., 10th) "'James B. Pearson (Kansas) Will~am D. Weeks (Mass., 12th) "'Edward W. Brooke (Mass.) "'Marvin Esch (Michigan, 2nd) "'Robert GrUlin (Michigan) "'Donald Riegle, Jr. (Michigan, 7th) *CMfford Case (New Jersey) "'Philip Ruppe (Michigan, 11th) Pete Domenlci (New Mexico) David Serotkin (Michigan, 12th) Dewey F. Bartlett (Oklahoma) "'Albert H. QuIe (Minn., 18t) "'Mark O. Hatfield (Oregon) "'William Frenzel (Minn., 3rd) John Chafee (Rhode Island) Alan Davisson (Minn., 5th) "'Howard Baker, Jr. (Tennessee) "'John Zwach (Minn., 6th) Jon Haaven (Minn., 7th) Russell Sloan (Missouri, 6th) GUBERNATORIAL "'Peter Frellnghuysen (New Jersey, 5th) "'Russell Peterson (Delaware) "'Edwin Forsythe (New Jersey, 6th) "Richard Ogilvie (Illinois) "'WUllam Widnall (New Jersey, 7th) Dr. Otis Bowen (Indiana) Alfred Schdaffo (New Jersey" 9th) *Robert D. Ray (Iowa) Milton A. Wwdor (New Jersey, 11th:) Christopher "Kit" Bond (Missouri) Joseph Maraziti (New Jersey, 13th) °Malcolm McLane (N. Hampshire) Fuller H. Brooks (New Jersey, 15th) Herbert DeSimone (Rhode Island) "'Manuel Lujan, Jr. (New Mexico, 1st) *Daniel Evans (Washington) Joseph Boyd, Jr. (New York, 1st) Jane Pickens Langley (New York, 18th" *Peter Peyser (New York, 23rd) Carl Vergari (New York, 24th) CONGRESSIONAL Benjamin Gilman (New York,_ 26th) *Howard Robison (New York, 27th) "'Willdam Mailliard (California, 6th) "'Frank Horton (New York, 34th) "'Paul N. McCloskey, Jr. (California, 7th) "'Barber Couable (New York, 35th) *Alphonzo Bell (California, 28th) "'Mark Andrews (North Dakota, AI,) William Ketchum (California, 36th) "'Charles Whalen, Jr. (Ohio, 3rd) Clair W. Burgener (California, 42nd) "'Clarence Brown (Ohio, 7th) James Johnson (Colorado, 4th) "'J. Willlam Stanton (Ohio, 11th) "'Robert Steele (Connecticut, 2nd) "'Charles Mosher (Ohio. 13th) "'Stewart McKinney (Connecticut, 4th) Ralph Regula. (Ohio, 16th) "'Nerre "Pete" du Pont, IV (Delaware, A.L.) "'John Dellenback (Oregon, 4th) "LouIs Frey, Jr. (Florida, 9th) "'Edward G. Blester, Jr. (Pennsylvania, 8th) Rodney Cook (Georgia, 5th) "'Joseph M. McDade (Pennsylvania, 10th) Fred Rohlfing (Hawaii, 1st) '"R. Lawrence Coughlin (Pennsylvania, 13th) "'Orval Hiansen (Idaho, 2nd) *John B. Anderson (Illinois, 16th) "'H. John HeInz, m (Pennsylvania, 18th) "'Thomas RaIlsback (Illinois, 19th) '"WUllam G. Whitehurst (Virginia, 2nd) "'Paul Findley (Illinois, 20th) Joel Pritchard (Washington, 1st) *WillIam S~ger (Wisconsin, 6th) "'Fred Schwengel (Iowa, 1st) Wllllam S. Cohen (Maine, 2nd) "'Incumbent Marjorie Holt (Maryland, 4th) °Republican running as Independent

October, 1972 3 sparring partners on whom to focus the Miami Beach convention, Agnew the 1972 convention spotlight, the has stressed that he is "not a conserva­ COMME NTARY media selected Vice President Spiro T. tive in any respect." Agnew to represent the Republican While his more moderate public Right and Illinois Sen. Charles Percy posture will undoubtedly improve Ag­ to represent the GOP's more moderate new's presidential image with the gen­ wing. Though everyone concluded that eral electorate, it wiII also undermine the formula adopted by the full con­ the loyalty of his following on the vention would benefit Agnew more Republican Right. Commenting on than Percy, it is not at all clear that the "New Agnew," The Charlotte Ob­ these two will be featured in the main .rel'ver has editorialized: bout at the 1976 convention. All of this says a great deal about Agnew has not used his first four the character of the politician years as Vice President to build, on Spiro Agnew. It says that, cham­ a personal level, individual contacts eleon-like, he changes colors to and loyalties with grass-roots Repub­ fit the political habitat of the licans the way Richard Nixon did moment. It raises questions about during his two terms in that office. As the man's credibility in the past Vice President, both men were well­ as well as in the future. What travelled on the rubber chicken circuit, does he really think and believe? but while Nixon would entertain or When is he a tool and when is telephone local Republican figures he himself? at each stop, Agnew has preferred to Certainly, conservative Republicans remain secluded in his hotel room play­ will be asking the same questions. Looking ing gin rummy with his Secret Serv­ If, by 1976, Agnew has lost his ice men. In fact, the morning after following, GOP conservatives wiII President Nixon announced that Ag­ have several possibilities in the U.S. new again would be his running mate, Senate, the modern launching pad for the Vice President was in Alaska play­ presidential candidacies. (Since 1960 Ahead ing tennis, not with Republican lead­ every major party presidential nominee ers but with his advance man and two has served there and, like the Vice Air Force officers from the base Presidency, Senatorial responsibilities where he landed. This pattern has been are sufficiently vague, with few day­ to repeated during the fall campaign, to-day administrative duties, as to pro­ prompting columnists Rowland Evans vide adequate time for pursuing pres­ and Robert Novak to write: idential ambitions.) Agnew, in short, does not yet William Brock of Tennessee and 19.,6 display telltale signs of using this James Buckley of New York are campaign to collect IOUs for his the obvious possibilities. Bill Brock's own 1976 presidential bid. "Young Voters for the President" or­ by Robert D Behn Rather than personal loyalties di­ ganization is giving him a lot of na­ rectly cultivated among individual Re­ tional visibility, some more organiza­ publicans, the Vice President's strength tional experience to add to that gained within the party is based on his out­ as a member of the Young Repub­ In Miami Beach last August, with spoken rhetoric. Now, the Vice Pres­ lican National Federation's "Syndicate" the GOP ticket preordained and with ident has promised "to adopt a new and a nation-wide network of train­ the Republican delegates confident of style," to moderate his rhetoric - his ed young politicoes; few have accused its victory in November, all specula­ major asset with GOP conservatives Brock of conceiving and leading the tion about the GOP' 5-, future focused - at least for the duration of the re­ youth arm of the Nixon re-election ef­ on. 1976. The only 'real excitement election campaign. Indeed, Agnew has fort for purely altruistic reasons. The swirled around the debate in the Rules confessed that his role as the Nixon articulate and personable Jim Buckley Committee and on the convention floor Administration's "cutting edge" was also has an easily accessible network over the different formulas for allo­ not his own idea nor one with which of conservatives: the mailing list of cating delegates to the next quadrennial he was happy. Rather, Agnew claims brother Bill's magazine, National Re­ GOP convention. The media specu­ he accepted this assignment because view. lators found it simpler to interpret the if a Vice President "is really going to If, in 1974, Ronald Reagan retires various proposals, not in terms of their be really an effective team player, he as Governor of California (as he has one man-one vote equity, but in terms has to do sometimes what may not be promised) and is elected to the Sen­ of how they would affect the presiden­ as comfortable for him as other things ate, he must also be considered a pres­ tial hopes of various Republicans. For he might be called on to do." Since idential threat. Although he'll be 65

4 Ripon Forum in 1976, the hold over the GOP that Republican for President in 1976: This effectively committed Percy to Reagan demonstrated as temporary through primaries, caucuses and con­ vote for Barry Goldwater, thus ap­ chainnan in Miami Beach is not like­ ventions to elect progressives to a ma­ peasing the Republican Right, while ly to be dissipated by age. jority of the delegate positions. These providing an excuse to those Repub­ As for the party's progressive wing, progressive delegates may be commit­ licans (as well as independents and the press has decided that Charles ted to different candidates, or even un­ Democrats) who looked to Percy for Percy will be its 1976 standard bear­ committed to any candidate, but they some intellectual, if' not political, lead­ er, essentially for the same reasons that must be willing to stand and be count­ ership. So, in July 1964, at the Cow it annointed Nelson Rockefeller during ed - publicly and continually - on Palace in San Francisco, Percy help­ the 1960's; both are wealthy, at­ the fights over credentials, rules, plat­ ed nominate the man who led to his tractive, good campaigners and with form and, finally, the nomination it­ gubernatorial defeat that November. enough national visibility to continual· self. In 1972, Percy was a member of ly place on the polls of potential Every four years, the leaders of the the convention Rules Committee and Republican candidates. Unfortunately, current progressive cause - be it a before going to Miami Beach he pub­ Rockefeller's unofficial status as "thf presidential candidate or, like 1972, a licly joined with other GOP Sen­ moderate Republican leader" prevent­ rules fight - listen to the excuse: ators to propose some refonn rules ed other GOP progressives from test­ "You know I'm with you; I just can't that Percy said would "bring the Re­ ing the waters of national politics and, come out publicly." It's a sure sign publican Party into the 20th century." when anyone else tried, predestined that the Republican has failed to secure Percy's part in this senatorial reform him to the role of a mere "stalking a progressive base of support in local package was the delegate allocation horse for Nelson." But Rockefeller party councils. question and the formula he proposed rarely exercised his leadership between Thus those progressives who man­ to the Rules Committee was the most quadrennial sprints for the GOP nom­ age to be elected National Convention progressive one suggested. But when ination - though his preeminence Delegates, are often forced - in an the time came for the floor fight over precluded Percy, for example, from effort to maintain their personal posi­ the formula, Percy decided not to get playing a national role and doomed tion in a conservative-dominated par­ involved. He didn't even undertake the George Romney's presidential bid to ty - to vote with the conservatives on routine task of explaining the impact defeat. If Percy is to inherit Rockefel­ key intra-party fights. A past debt or a of the proposed "small slates" plan ler's media mantel, it will be lament­ pledge to the party when elected a to the GOP delegates from Illinois - able if this is not accompanied by a delegate, the need for support from the state whose 1968 Republican pres­ recognition by both Percy and other the party machine in the current cam­ idential vote was most under-represent­ Republican progressives of the posi­ paign or the hope of support from ed at the 1972 convention. Percy, of tion's limitations and responsibilities. conservatives in a future one arc course, was advised that being a lead­ Percy is already making the argu­ common reasons that GOP progres­ er of the floor fight would hurt his ments for a moderate presidential sives vote to perpetuate conserva­ chances in 1976. However, his imagt nominee in 1976. After Miami Beach, tive dominance of the party. dearly as an effective party leader was tar­ Percy mused on the implications of these men and women have not been nished when only seven other delegates the conservative's victory in the del­ elected to party positions because they from Illinois voted with Percy for the egate formula fight. "It looks like it and their fellow progressives have more equitable delegate formula. (1976J will be another 1964. Not worked hard and won control of the In 1976, those progressive Gover­ having been satisfied with one such local party; no, they were granted nors, Senators and Congressmen who disaster in our lifetime they [the their positions by conservatives who are convention delegates can be force­ GOP conservativesJ want another decided it was expedient to have all ful and effective leaders only if they one." Then Percy made the standard spectrums of the party represented in have built a progressive base in their argument for nominating a Republi­ the delegation membership, though not local or state. party. This means they can moderate. "I don't believe he [a in its votes, must involve political moderates - doctrinaire conservative J has any more The difficulties confronting those at­ whether they are Republicans, inde­ chance in our lifetime than an out­ tempting to unite progressive Repub­ pendents or Democrats - in Repub­ and-out liberal who's too far left - licans are illustrated by Charles Per­ lican political work, educate them, like McGovern." cy's own role at the 1964 and 1972 elect them to their own Republican Significantly for the Illinois Sena­ conventions. In 1964, as the GOP's ward committees, and then elect them tor's potential candidacy, that argu­ nominee for Governor of Illinois, to the key positions in county and state ment has very little impact on GOP Percy was already the state's leading GOP organizations. In most states, for convention delegates. It was Scran­ Republican moderate; but he had con­ progressive Republicans to build this ton's argument in 1964 and Rockefel­ flicts with the conservative-dominated kind of viable party organization will ler's in 1968 - an indication that state party and to build up some good take a long time -four years may not GOP progressives simply hadn't elect­ will, Percy pledged to vote as a Na­ be long enough. ed enough of their own as delegates. tional Convention Delegate for the The battle for the GOP's next pres­ In fact, there is only one strat­ presidential contender favored by a idential nomination does not begin in egy that will nominate a progressive majority of the Illinois delegation. January 1976; it is underway now .•

October, 1972 5 C. Clemmons. The new candidate was nents: former Maricopa County chair­ involved in several Nixon and Eisen­ man Bill Baker, who was favored by Polities: hower campaigns and his conserva­ the party establishment, and State tism is tinged with a reputation for Treasurer Ernest Garfield. Pre-primary Reports supporting underdogs on social issues. controversy between Conlan and other The traditional Democratic vote state leaders may aid Conlan's Dem­ may now be split two ways. (An Amer­ ocratic opponent, Jack E. Brown, J LOUISIANA ican Independent Party candidate is al­ Phoenix lawyer and chief counsel for so slated.) A strong Nixon victory in the Navajo Nation. The 4th CD. NEW ORLEANS - The Louisiana Louisiana might elect Toledano and should be a solidly Republican dis­ Senate race, which had once been fated reverse the moribund condition of the trict but Republican infighting may to be decided in the August 19 Dem­ Louisiana GOP. damage the GOP chances. ocratic primary, has taken a whole new Both Treen and Toledano headquar­ Conlan, backed by massive amounts tack after the death of Senate Presi­ ters claim to be the official Nixon head­ of right-wing ideology and money, dent Pro Tern Allen Ellender in July. quarters for the state. The split is in­ saturated the media and environment Ellender had been headed for a pri­ dicative of the split between the two with T.V. spots and commercial bill­ mary battle with State Sen. J. Ben­ Republican candidates, both of whom boards, showing his name super­ nett Johnston, who narrowly lost the are jealous over their leadership posi­ imposed on a design akin to the Amer­ governorship to Gov. Edwin L. Ed­ tions in the party. When Vice Presi­ ican flag. While his opponents, es­ wards in 1971. Since the filing dead­ dent Agnew visited the state, the split pecially Garfield, raised substantial is­ line had passed before Ellender's caused consternation among his staff. sues, the Conlan juggernaut held its death, a controversy erupted in which The Vice President solved his protocol hard core vote, splitting the rational the Attorney General, William Guste, problems by appearing at a campaign majority of the party between Baker ordered filing reopened and the Dem­ rally, taking both Treen and Toledano and Garfield. ocratic State Committee refused. Mean­ by the hand and acknowledging the A storm arose when Conlan and while, Edwards appointed his wife to crowd's applause. The split, however, other party leaders exchanged charges fill out the unexpired term with the remains. regarding Conlan's dismissal as a assumption that she would resign after Treen is a perennial GOP candidate state campaign coordinator in the the November election so that the new­ who challenged Majority Leader Hale early 1960's. Conlan had been fired ly-elected Senator could have a senior­ Boggs (D) in 1962, 1964 and 1968 by Attorney General Richard Klein­ ity edge. and came close enough to upsetting dienst (then state party chairman) and Johnston, a long-time supporter of Boggs to necessitate redistricting. The Samuel Kitchell, campaign manager the Long family and a political conser­ 1971 GOP gubernatorial candidate is for former Gov. Paul Fannin (now a vative, won the primary against token given his first real chance of winning U.S. Senator). opposition. Meanwhile former Gov. this year as he seeks the seat of re­ The dispute was highlighted by rival John McKeithen decided to run as an tiring Congressman Patrick T. Caffery, press conferences held by Conlan and independent against Johnston, a former 40, who decided he didn't like Wash­ Congressman Sam Steiger (R) who legislative ally of McKeithen. ington. Treen, a 44-year-old lawyer, called Conlan "deceitful and unfit to While McKeithen and Johnston will face the winner of a September serve in any public office." When heated up Louisiana's election weather, 30 runoff for the Democratic nomina­ Steiger tried to enter Conlan's press the Republicans also reacted to the tion. conference, two Conlan aides barred change in the political atmosphere. C. In five of the other seven congres­ the door. Steiger hammered strenuous­ M. McLean, a Shreveport geologist, sional districts, however, no Repub­ ly against the door, but when he fail­ had been slated as the token Repub­ licans filed for the nomination, al­ ed to gain entrance that way, he got lican sacrificial lamb but with the though the possibility of party-de­ a key from the hotel desk and entered prospect of a McKeithen-Johnston signated candidates remains. the press conference in a more sedate battle, McLean withdrew so the State manner. Conlan charged Steiger was Republican Committee could pick a trying to take over the GOP as "his new candidate. Nominated at their ARIZONA private preserve." Steiger has since re­ August 24 meeting were National fused to support Conlan. Committeeman Tom Stagg, fresh from PHOENIX - In a three-way Re­ Many Republican campaign work­ rules wrangles in Miami Beach; David publican primary race in Arizona's ers are seeking refuge in the Arizona Treen, a congressional candidate in new 4th CD., arch-conservative John Nixon campaign, leaving the 4th CD. the 3rd CD.; and Ben. C Toledano, Conlan emerged the winner, but with­ to conservative ideologues and perhaps a New Orleans lawyer who received out the support of much of the state's to the Democrats. 42 percent of the vote while running more moderately conservative GOP Note: The August FORUM news­ against Mayor Moon Landrieu in 1971. leadership. letter incorrectly placed Phoenix in Both Stagg and Treen withdrew be­ State Sen. Conlan's 41 percent of the New Mexico. In this fast-changing fore the vote. Toledano easily defeat· September 12 primary vote was easi­ world, Phoenix remains in Arizona, as ed the fourth candidate nominated, A. ly enough to beat his two oppo- does Gov. Jack Williams (R).

6 Ripon Forum ly moved to accommodate the George only badly split in the 2nd CD., aid­ IDAHO' Hansen Republicans - thereby gain­ ing Orval Hansen; but there is evi­ ing a foothold in previous GOP bas­ dence that this factionalization has tions - but has significantly modified spilled over into the 1st CD., and BOISE - On August 8, Idaho his campaign to accommodate the could work against Williams, a close voters nominated both a Republican large number of moderates and lib­ Andrus confidant. At the moment, and a Democratic conservative for the erals that voted in both primaries. both Orval Hansen and Symms look U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Sen. In the 1st CD., conservative apple like winners. Leonard B. Jordan (R), but gave more grower Steve D. Symms (R), 34, de­ Gov. Andrus, meanwhile, seems to moderate candidates a plurality of the feated a GOP moderate in the prima­ have further narrowed his own base of vote in the Democratic primary and ry and faces Gov. Cecil Andrus's ad­ support, increasing Republican chances a surprisingly large chunk of the Re­ ministrative assistant, Edward V. Wil­ two years from now of retaking the publican vote. liams, 44. In the 2nd CD., Congress­ governorship. Already, his fight with Congressman James A. McClure man Orval Hansen (R) is being chal­ Ludlow is destroying whatever thin ~on the Republican nomination while lenged by the Rev. Willis H. Ludlow chance the Democrats might have had Idaho State University President Dr. ( D), a liberal Methodist minister. to capture control of the State Legis­ William E. "Bud" Davis won the The Republicans appear to be ahead lature. It now appears Republicans will Democrat's. McClure defeated two in the Congressional races, due large­ dramatically add to their already solid moderates, former White House aide ly to the bumbling of Governor An­ majority. Dr. Glen Wegner and former Gov. drus, Idaho's first Democratic gover­ Robert E. Smylie, and one conserva­ nor in a quarter-century, who is near· tive, former Congressman George V. ing the end of his first term. An­ UTAH Hansen who was the GOP's 1968 drus, who was elected as a liberal, has Senate nominee. McClure won 36 per­ cent of the vote and Hansen got over SALT LAKE CITY - Republican 27 percent while Wegner got 19 and ultra-conservatives launched a con­ Smylie 17 percent. certed attempt to wrest Utah's two congressional nominations from more Meanwhile, Davis amassed only 36 moderate conservatives in the Septem­ percent of the vote against three ber 12 primary, but were beaten back liberal opponents: Attorney General in both districts. Tony Park, lawyer Byron Johnson and In the first CD., airline pilot Jex­ political activist Mrs. Rose Bowman. H. Ferguson came close to upsetting Though the Republican confusion nor­ Robert K. Wolthuis, 37, a less-strident mally would have given the Democrats conservative who is a former aide to an opportunity to switch jordan's Sen. Wallace F. Bennett (R). Wolt­ seat to the other side of the Senate huis won the right to contest Con­ aisle, their own disarray imperils that gressman K. Gunn McKay (D) by opportunity. Both parties are marked tried to improve his image with the winning a narrow 53 percent of the by deep political schisms. state's traditionally conservative elec­ Republican vote. On the Republican side, the bitter­ torate by refusing to endorse Ludlow In the 2nd CD., Congressman ly-contested Senate race has given Mc­ for election in the 2nd District. Sherman Lloyd (R) was challenged Clure a possibly worthless nomina­ Andrus has accused Ludlow of being by a former John Birch Society official, tion. Both Wegner and Smylie con­ a wild-eyed extremist because of Lud­ Mark Anderson, 46. Anderson was centrated their campaign effort against low's advocacy of liberal abortion laws trounced more than 2 to 1 by Lloyd, McClure's record. George Hansen, who, and his suggestion that "controlling who won re-electiop. in 1970 with on­ if anything, was to McClure's right and marijuana" should be investigated. ly 52 percent of the vote. This year, finished second, has subsequently ac­ Stung by Andrus's attempts to portray Lloyd wiII face Wayne Owens, a 35- cused McClure of buying the nom­ him as an advocate of loose morals year-old lawyer who has served as an ination by being the puppet of and drug-pushing, Ludlow accused aide to both Sen. Edward M. Ken­ vested financial interests and out­ Andrus of "playing favorites" and nedy and the late Sen. Robert F. Ken­ of-state brokers, and has declared his showing his ignorance on issues. nedy. willingness to support Davis under the Symms is trying hard to shed his Both Anderson and Ferguson gather­ right conditions. Hansen's surprise de­ right-wing image, however. In late ed a dedicated corps of supporters in fection has been damaging to Mc­ summer, he spent a week working in their attempt to wrest control from the Clure's hitherto safe prospects of se­ a North Idaho mine under an assumed party's more moderate leadership. The curing a unified conservative vote in identity and has since made sympathet­ primary was characterized by unpro­ view of Hansen's large plurality in ic proposals regarding mining condi­ fessionalism - by the candidates in East Idaho, which has been vital to con­ tions and pay for miners. their media campaigns and the media servative Republican, victory arithmetic. The result is a badly fractured in their own local biases. The con­ Davis, on the other hand, has not on- Democratic Party. Democrats are not servatives failed to communicate their

October, 1972 7 intended images to the public - essary. New Hampshire is the lone and State Board of Education chair­ that of concerned, reasoning men who state government without either of the man William Green also may provide could support their position by logic. latter sources of income. a liberal counterweight to a conserva­ The Wolthuis and Lloyd campaigns, Gov. Peterson had entered the gu­ tive state administration. however, were similarly inept and bernatorial race against Thomson on a Former Republican Congressman dealt with their challenges as repre­ wave of popularity, but his advocacy Chester Merrow wiIl challenge Wyman senting a "vocal minority" who were of a broad-based tax system cut his asaDemocrat in November, but neither bent on destroying the Republican support at the polls, leaving book­ Wyman nor Congressman James C. Party and Utah's credibility among publisher Thomson with a 2,000 vote Cleveland (R) are likely to be retired. other states. edge. Although Peterson had an ef­ In another state race, Republican The Republican prospects for No­ fective media campaign, he failed to John F. Bridges, son of the late Sen. vember are hazy. Both the Democratic energize his organization to get out Styles Bridges, is seeking a traditional­ and Republican incumbent could be his supporters. As a result, while ly Democratic seat on the Executive vulnerable to challenges, while Lloyd Thomson's vote rose from a similar Council. Aided by a prominent Dem­ - as well as Wolthuis - faces the 1970 contest with Peterson, Peterson's ocrat as his campaign manager, Bridges added imperative of wooing back the vote total dropped. (Thomson then may win. disgruntled conservatives within his ran as an independent in that elec­ own party ranks. tion.) Meanwhile, conservatives also cap­ INDIANA tured the Republican Senate nomina­ NEW HAMPSHIRE tion with another sometime Repub­ lican, former Gov. Wesley Powell. INDIANAPOLIS - Whether Re­ (Powell has run for both the Senate publican gubernatorial candidate Dr. CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE and Governorship as an independent Otis Bowen will be able to defeat - In the wake of the gubernatorial after losing Republican primaries.) his Democratic opponent, former Gov. nomination of two conservatives by Powell defeated three other candi­ Matthew Welsh, wiIl largely depend the Republican and Democratic Par­ dates, Keene businessman Peter Boor­ on the margin of an expected Nixon ties, Concord Mayor Malcolm McLane as, the organizer of the write-in cam­ landslide in Indiana. (R) has announced an independent paign for Spiro Agnew in the March Democratic polls currently indicate candidacy. presidential primary, former U.S. At­ that Welsh is leading Bowen by 49 McLane's September 21 announce­ torney David Brock who finished third to 34 percent. Republican leaders dis­ ment came after Republican Governor and House Speaker Marshall Cob­ miss these figures as biased though they Walter Peterson was defeated for a leigh, the most progressive candidate, concede that Welsh is ahead. The Re­ third-term renomination by sometime who finished a poor fourth. publicans suggest the real figures are Republican, ultra-conservative Meldrim Booras was hurt by a high-pressure closer to a 40 to 35 percent lead for Thomson. The Manchester Union­ advertising campaign which exposed Welsh. Leader, which endorsed Thomson, his rather grating television personali­ The relationship of the gubernato­ scored a double-sweep in the Septem­ ty. Brock came across as a moderate rial campaign to the presidential race is indicated by Welsh's soft-pedal­ ber 12 primary as its Democratic fa­ conservative who was a nice guy. He vorite, retired Navy Captain Roger may be preparing the groundwork ling of his support for McGovern and Crowley, swamped House Minority for an eventual race for Congressman Bowen's references to the "McGovern­ Leader Robert Raiche. Louis Wyman's seat when Wyman de­ Welsh ticket" in hopes of reducing When Peterson disdained an inde­ cides to relinquish it. Cobleigh was GOP ticket-splitting. Welsh has point­ pendent candidacy, McLane, a progres­ hurt by a late start, his recent divorce edly declined to urge Sen. George Mc­ sive Republican who has sat on the and his associations with Gov. Peter­ Govern to campaign in the state and Concord City Council for 17 years, son. Powell ended up with almost 50 told the Associated Press, "My job is entered the race, stating, "I do not be­ percent of the vote in the four-man to get elected governor. His job is to lieve that there is any choice between race. get elected president." the candidates of the .tvf0 parties, Mr. The results of the Republica,n pri­ The degree of ticket-splitting is Thomson and Captain Crowley, both mary will probably be inconsequential, probably the key to the governorship of whom are conservative, (Man­ because Sen. Thomas J. Mcintyre (D) this year. When Welsh ran for gov­ chester Union-Leader publisher Wil­ is heavily favored for re-election. ernor in 1960, he won his race in liam) Loeb-supported, lacking in qual­ In the state legislature, more than spite of Nixon's 250,000 vote plurali­ ifications for the task and without ex­ a third of the membership will be new ty in the state. Republicans are pre­ perience in elective office." next year - including new leadership dicting a Nixon plurality of 300,000 Both Thomson and Crowley are on both sides of the aisle. Progres­ this year - enough, they hope, to strong opponents of a broad-based tax. sive Republicans like State Rep. Kimon elect Dr. Bowen as governor. A big Mclane has announced that as gover­ Zachos and State Sen. David Nixon Nixon win would also confirm large nor he would keep his "options open" may be in line for leadership posi­ Republican majorities in both houses to impose a sales or income tax, if nec- tions. Atty. Gen. Warren B. Rudman of the state legislature.

8 Ripon F Mum The major campaign issue is prop­ the new Republican tinge to the re­ torate at the London School of Eco­ erty tax relief and tax reform. Dr. apportioned district. nomics. Bowen has suggested reform through But Larsen should benefit from tht: increases in the state income tax and popularity of President Nixon and state sales tax, accompanied by reduc­ NORTH DAKOTA Congressman Mark Andrews (R), tion in local property taxes and "rigid" who is expected to win by a landslide. spending controls in the state budget. MINOT, NORTH DAKOTA Welsh has yet to be specific about Led by a 36-year-old former economics his tax reform plans, insisting only professor, Republicans are given a WISCONSIN that he would keep the state legis­ good chance to win the North Dakota MILWAUKEE - In Wisconsin, lature in session until they reached governorship this year, after 12 years the Republicans are a half million dol­ agreement with him on a restructured of Democratic domination. lars in debt but the Democrats have system. Lieut. Gov. Richard F. Larsen won a surplus of campaign funds. Welsh had been somewhat hamper­ the Republican nomination by crush­ Just as this situation reverses the ed by organizational difficulties, but ing party maverick Robert P. Mc­ relative national positions of the two State Democratic chairman Gordon St. Carney by more than 2-1 in the Sep­ parties, so the electoral prospects of Angelo has moved into Welsh head­ tember 5 primary. Larsen, who taught Wisconsin Republicans and Democrats quarters and claims to have "straight­ economics at the University of North are similarly reversed from the national ened out" the problems. Dakota before entering politics and standard-bearers. Bowen's difficulties stem from the opening a bookstore, will now fact: Though Richard Nixon is expected dichotomy inherent in attempting to Congressman Arthur A. Link, a 58- to carry the state, his coattails are ex­ disassociate himself from the errors of year-old rancher with Lincolnesque pected to be detachable. the current administration of Gov. features. Congressman Alvin E. O'Konski Edgar D. Whitcomb (R) and share The defeat of McCarney was sig­ (R), for instance, has been in Con­ credit for such achievements as low nificant because the Bismarck business­ gress since 1942 and ranks second in state expenditures. In the past several man had upset endorsed GOP can­ that house in Republican seniority. De­ years, Bowen, the Republican House didates for governor in 1968 and for spite last-minute announcements that Speaker, has had several of his own West District Congressman in 1970. he would not seek re-election in the social-spending bills vetoed by Gov. He had won both primaries on tht: new 7th CD. against fellow Congress­ Whitcomb. strength of his anti-tax stands but lost man David R. Obey (D), O'Konski Of the two men, Bowen is probab­ both general elections. reconsidered when he found it was too ly more moderate with a more con­ Link, the Democrat who beat Mc­ late to withdraw from the primary. servative state organization and Welsh Carney in 1970, entered the guberna­ After announcing he wouldn't cam­ is more conservative with a more mod­ torial race after Gov. William L. Guy paign, he campaigned. And so, in the erate state organization. decided to retire and North Dakota September 12 primary, he defeated a In the Congressional races, most of lost one of its two Congressional seats. 28-year-old marketing director, David the incumbents - both Democrats and Larsen's biggest political handicap N. Connor by a 55-45 percent margin. Republicans - appear at this point in may be his professional image in this Connor, a cousin of Defense Sec­ the campaign to be set for re-election. agrarian state. He graduated from Har­ retary Melvin Laird, launched a vigor­ Changes in the delegation's political vard University and later earned a doc- ous billboard campaign in his effort complexion could be made in the 4th, to unseat O'Konski, who stressed his 10th and 11th CD.'s, however. anti-war record. O'Konski, whose pres­ In the 4th CD., Congressman J. ent and past electoral shenanigans have Edward Roush (D) is facing a serious not always pleased the electorate, is challenge from conservative Republi­ expected to be the loser in November. can Allan E. Bloom, the 39-year-old Another seat may be lost by the Re­ former State Senate majority leader. publicans in the 8th CD. where Con­ A reverse situation prevails in the gressman John Byrnes (R) is retiring. 10th CD., where Congressman David Harold V. Froehlich (R), the con­ W. Dennis (R), 59, is running against servative former Wisconsin Speaker of Philip R. Sharp, 30, a political science the House, won the nomination in a professor at Ball State University in four-man primary field and will now Muncie. Sharp is blunting his sup­ face Father Robert J. Cornell (D) in port of McGovern in an effort to up­ the general election. A close race is set the moderately-conservative Dennis, expected. (In that congressional dis­ who narrowly beat Sharp in 1970. trict, former Ripon executive director In the 11th CD., Congressman An­ Thomas E. Petri, who won his pri­ drew Jacobs, Jr. (D) is working hard mary battle, is now engaged in a tough to beat back the Rev. William H. race for the 2nd District State Senate Hudnut III (R), who benefits from seat.) •

October, 1972 9 appointed chairman of the minontIes division of the Massachusetts CRP, raising the ire of Republicans with PoHties: People longer tenure. • Clay T. Whitehead, director of the White House's Office of Telecommunications Policy and a ma­ • The latest conservative mailing soliciting money jor advocate of reduced governmental regulation and is signed by Herbert Philbrick who is leading his fourth interference in the communications industry, recently life as a "Youth Against McGovern." No other young damned one of the major blights on the American people besides the 57-year-old Philbrick are mentioned psyche - television re-runs. Whitehead's concern for in the letter or brochure, nor does the mailing say unemployed actors and other film craftsmen has been what will be done with the money you are supposed echoed by President Nixon, who told the Screen Actors to send. However, the national chairman of YAM - Guild that his Administration would "explore whatever sounds sweet doesn't it - is Chris Buckley, son of Na­ regulatory recommendations are in order" if networks tional Review's William F. Buckley. did not voluntarily reduce the number of re-runs. • In Connecticut, private polls showed such a • Programming in Public Television is also large Nixon lead in late September that Republicans coming under the Administration's influence. Former were given a chance of sweeping all six Congressional Congressman Tom Curtis (R), who opposed Sen. seats. (They now hold two.) This incredible possibili­ Thomas Eagleton for a Missouri Senate seat in 1968, ty was suggested by a prominent polling firm despite has been named board chairman of the Corporation indications of widespread apathy and disgust among for Public Television. Henry Loomis, deputy director Connecticut voters concerning the presidential election. of the United States Information Agency, has been Democratic and Republican suits and countersuits over named CPT president, replacing John Macy who quit legislative redistricting have finally ended and the elec­ after President Nixon vetoed a two-year appropria­ tions will be held in November - to the consternation tion for CPT in June. Loomis at one point quit the of the Democrats who hoped to postpone them. USIA during the Johnson Administration over Admin­ • While President Nixon and Congressman Pierre du istration directives for Voice of America programming. Pont (R) appear headed for overwhelming victories in Meanwhile, the affiliated Public Broadcasting Service Delaware, Sen. J. Caleb Boggs and Gov. Russell W. also appointed new directors, among whom was Texas Peterson are involved in much tighter races. Boggs, Republican Sam E. Wyly, board chairman of the Uni­ running for his third term, has lost some ground against versity Computing Co., of Dallas. an aggressive young Democratic challenger, Joseph R. • Two Republican campaign organizations are be­ Biden, Jr., 29, a New Castle County councilman, but ing put together in New Jersey to work for President still remains the November favorite. Gov. Peterson, Nixon's re-election. The official organization is nominal­ meanwhile, is trailing the Democratic candidate, House ly headed by Gov. William Cahill and under the direc­ Minority Leader Sherman W. Tribbitt. Peterson has tion of Harry Sears, former State Senate majority lead­ been hurt by his mid-term proposals for increased tax­ er. The Cahill organization, which has the official recog­ ing and by a bruising August 19 primary battle with nition of CRP chairman Clark MacGregor, is seen as a David P. Buckson, a conservative former State Attorney trial run of gubernatorial strength. The probable pri­ General who suggested in the campaign that he would mary opponent to Cahill in 1973, Congressman Charles end the problem of state prison escapees very quickly Sandman (R), is organizing his own gubernatorial cam­ by having guards shoot to kill. The inmates would then paign organization under the guise of an alternative get the message. Buckson has refused to support Peter­ Nixon campaign group. Among Sandman's associates son, whose progressive stance on criminal justice was in the new group is Dr. James Ralph, the most decorated criticized by Buckson. A defeat of Peterson would be ear, nose and throat specialist to return from the Viet­ a sharp loss for progressive Republicans in Delaware nam War and the man who challenged Sen. Clifford and a big boost for the Democrats, who now hold not Case (R) in this year's primary. Sandman launched his a single statewide office. gubernatorial vehicle despite the opposition of Mac­ • The political chances of the Texas GOP's Gregor. super-conservative gubernatorial candidate have also • The old, old Spiro T. Agnew - the version that improved, though not so dramatically. The Republican dates back to his gubernatorial days in Maryland - candidate, Henry C. Grover, has settled some of his pub­ re-emerged on the campaign tr~l in late September. lic differences with GOP State Chairman Dr. George Agnew told a crowd in Minneapolis that the problems Willeford, whom he had once sought to overthrow. of the cities would not be solved "until the individual Grover's opponent, Democrat Dolph Briscoe, angered citizen who lives in the suburbs but enjoys all the ben­ liberal Democrats'brsupporting - at one time or an­ efits of the city takes a greater personal interest in other - no less than four Democratic presidential city problems." Tell it like it is, Spiro. hopefuls at the July Democratic National Convention. • State Rep. Jon Haaven (R) is given a good Briscoe's chances are probably also damaged by the chance to unseat freshman Congressman Bob Bergland candidacy of the Raza Unida Party's Ramsey Muniz. (D) in Minnesota's 7th C.D. The National Republican Grover reportedly plans to spend $1.5 million on his Congressional Committee's campaign director, Edward election effort. A. Terrill, has made the district one of his top targets • Jack E. Robinson, president of the Boston this year. The Republicans lost the district in 1970, Branch of the NAACP, has changed his registration when Bergland captured 54 percent of the vote, and from Democratic to Republican. In making the switch, the AFL-CIO is expected to give Bergland strong fi­ the black Boston leader said, "My impression is that nancial support in an effort to save the seat for the the future for blacks will be in the Republican Party, Democrats. As elsewhere in the nation, a 21-point Nix­ rather than in the Democratic Party." He was later on lead in the Minnesota Poll has Democrats worried.

10 Ripon Forum RIPON FORUM

At Issue: Toward a Revival 01 ProliressivislD

The impotence of contemporary ideological solutions to the country's polit­ ical predicaments has left America ideologically adrift, according to Daniel J. Eiazar, the director of the Center for the Study of Federalism at Temple Uni­ ·versity. Professor Elazar, who is also the editor of PUBLIUS magazine, contends that the American political tradition is built upon a progressive foundation which can still serve the needs of America's present government dilemmas. Neither Lib­ eralism nor ConsertJatism nor Radicali.rm is adequate. The prescription for America is a revit,aI of Progressivism.

by Daniel J Elazar

The American people today are in the midst of a The critics are quite right in recognIzIng the bank­ time of troubles rarely equalled and never surpassed in ruptcy of the currently fashionable ideologies. Bad thought our history. The very consensus that underlies our civil so­ does lead to the narrowing of practical choices by directing ciety is being challenged from many quarters in an effort us into what have become blind alleys. At this critical junc­ to transcend the synthesis of interests and attitudes which ture in our history, Americans must re-examine the per­ forged and have maintained American federal democracy. suasions which have hardened into ideologies in our time Important groups are seeking to renegotiate the social com­ if only to reopen the possibility of discovering viable al­ pact which unites us and which has for generations form­ ternatives to present programs and structures that have ed the basis for the development of the commercial repub­ proved inadequate or worse. lic that embodies our way of life. What are those hardened persuasions? First and fore­ The leading critics of our society, like their opponents most, there is a dominant liberal ideology which has be­ who are more or less satisfied with the status quo, share the come the measure of all things political, social and moral opinion that the ideologies which inform American society in contemporary America. Liberalism is so dominant that today are the only authentic ones which America has pro­ even the spokesmen for the so-called "moderates" of the duced. Indeed, while they see the American crisis as rooted American "establishment" reflect its basic presuppositions in these ideologies' inadequacy to provide coherent guide­ in their every pronouncement and so pervasive that even lines for dealing with our problems, they have no alterna­ those who oppose its consequences fail to examine its prem­ tives to suggest. ises.

October, 1972 11 Counterpoised against Liberalism, there is an ostensi­ America is that it is based on concepts of elitism of either ble Conservatism whose social myth frequently is nothing class or race and stand-pattism which contradict American more than a comfortable mask for obscurantist reaction, traditions. so weak in its wider influence that it is no better than a Nevertheless, the challenge of these neo-Tories has half-ideology which cannot reach even those who share been so vocal and vociferous that for most of the post­ its policy positions. Finally, old-new Radicalism has devel­ war period they were able to preempt the role of the op­ oped again, as it does from time to time, to propound position. Consequently, those dissatisfied with Liberalism theories of social and individual redemption whose basis were forced to accept either the unsatisfactory "moderate" is the negation of the American experience as such. stance (meaning "liberal-with-unarticulated-reservations") Each of these ideologies claims to have the solution or be associated with dyed-in-wool reactionaries whose to our society's ills in its grasp. It is our claim that none ideas were more likely to lead to some form of totalitarian­ of them is adequate to cope with the problems of con­ ism than to recreate the commonwealth of Edmund Burke. temporary society in a manner that is not likely to gen­ erate problems much worse than those they purport to solve. "The Progressives rejected or minimized Liberalism - the dominant ideology in America for class differences . .. " at least a generation and one whose roots reach back to the bedrock of American aspirations - at least has the vir­ The responsible Conservatives with Burkean inclinations tue of authentic links to the larger American tradition. Its ended up as shadow Liberals, accepting the central Liberal proponents of the last generation - the men who shaped assumptions but applying brakes in their application. the public mind in the era of the New Deal - made a Most recently, a new Radicalism has emerged in vari­ great contribution to the improvement of American so­ ous shades to challenge the Liberal consensus from the left. ciety through their efforts to readjust our thinking and Ranging from the most violent nihilism to a variety of economic a::tions to twentieth-century realities and open uncritical parlor identification with the poor and the blacks. up our minds and social system to previously excluded the common theme of contemporary Radicalism is the es­ groups of various kinds. They shifted our views regarding sential immortality of American history, a negation of property as the touch stone of American liberties to views American ideals and American reality. While this approach that placed speech, or expression, in that central position. has a certain attraction for the young and the honestly They gave us group pluralism to replace the more institu­ alienated, it is severely - and deservedly - limited in tionally-oriented federalism as the basis for our sense its potential appeal to the country as a whole. of right political organization, and, by doing so, made possible the acceptance of diverse religious, ethnic and ra­ Radicalism too, is not by any means new but, rather, cial groups into the care of American society, as well as the heir of a long, if important, tradition of rejection of political ones. the American experience shared by a small but periodically Now Liberalism has run aground on its own presup­ vocal minority. If the past is any guide, the limitations of positions carried to their logical conclusions by a subse­ Radicalism will lead in time to disillusionment on the part quent generation. The Liberals' effort to free people from of some of its adherents or heightened alienation and in­ unnecessary restraints and distinctions has been transform­ creasingly violent responses on the part of others, further ed into an effort to remove all restraints and distinctions, weakening it as a viable alternative on the American scene. even those needed to keep the fabric of society intact. So, The task of finding a viable authentically American the virtue of eliminating distinctions between blacks and replacement for Liberalism and its deficiencies must begin whites has become the vice of eliminating the distinction with the recognition that America is the home of the Lib­ between children and adults. Liberal efforts to give the eral tradition and is certainly not a congenial environment less privileged a new deal now have been distorted into for either Conservatism or Radicalism. Indeed, a strong efforts that often deal unfairly with those who have achieved but erroneous case has been made by Louis Hartz and a modicum of success through their own earlier efforts. So, others that Liberalism is the only authentic political per­ the noble effort to provide social assistance for the dis­ suasion in the United States. The answer to the deficiencies advantaged has given way to the imposition of new style of Liberalism as an ideology must lie in another persuasion quota systems that discriminate against the efforts and that is equally nonconservative in approach and just as talents of others. firmly rooted in American history and life, yet which of­ In recent years, Liberalism has been challenged on a fers a true alternative. variety of fronts, for both legitimate and illegitimate rea­ There is, indeed, another persuasion within the Amer­ sons. Its most potent challengers have chosen to appeal ican political tradition. It has no single name but may to a conservative tradition that has never sunk roots in fairly be called Progressivism after its last great public this country and which has rarely been encountered on manifestation. Progressivism is a persuasion as well-attuned these shores since the Tory exodus after the Revolutionary to the modern epoch and the American experience as Lib­ War. eralism and as well-connected with the great tradition of If the problem of Liberalism is the unlimited pursuit the Western World as Conservatism. Progressivism has its of freedom from restraint and the uncritical elimination roots in the heritage of the Calvinist or Puritan-Presbyterian of all social distinction, the problem of Conservatism in origins of so many American institutions and families.

12 Ripon Forum While the greatest original concentration of Puritans was The Progressive tradition, as inadequately presented in New England, Puritans and Presbyterians were so thor­ and analyzed by today's historians of the Liberal persuasion, oughly scattered throughout the American colonies that is portrayed as a welter of doctrines and a confusion of fully half the churches in the new United States in 1776 notions - all generally pointed in the direction of social belonged to one of the Calvinist sects. reform through increased government participation in the The Puritan pioneers, like the pioneers who embraced nation's economic life, but not organized around any coher­ Liberalism, came to the New World to emancipate ent general principles, except perhaps a reputed anti-im­ themselves from the constraints of medievalism (which migrant bias. It is possible, however, to distinguish be­ they usually described as feudalism) and the shackles of tween the real Progressives and those who simply accent­ the ideology that was the ancestor of contemporary Con­ ed the Progressive rubric for the sake of achieving the spe­ servatism. Both looked forward to a new land for op­ cific reforms which they supported. Doing so makes it portunity and backward beyond feudalism to the ideas possible to distill the essence of the Progressive idea and of the ancient world for inspiration. But, while the found­ discover its meaning for our time. ing fathers of American Liberalism sought to preserve their First and foremost, two basic distinctions must be connections with Western culture primarily through a re­ made: (1) between those who wrote and theorized about liance on the classical tradition of Greece and Rome, the Progressivism and those who were active in the political fathers of Progressivism sought to preserve theirs through arena to advance the ends of Progressivism and (2) be­ a primary reliance on the Bible and the great tradition tween the Progressive inteUectua1s and their aIIies of the it had generated. Eastern cities and the Progressive political figures, busi­ The early American Puritans sought to establish their ness and professional men and their aIIies of the Western particular "city upon a hill," a good commonwealth that towns and countryside. Those who theorized about Pro­ would be based on the discoveries and principles of the gressivism in the East are generally accepted the spokes­ modern epoch, by harking back to the design of the holy men for the movement but their acceptance by the Pro­ commonwealth of the ancient Israelites that preceeded gressives themselves was likely due to their utility as ra­ even the dassic epoch. In adapting that design to their tionalizers of already determined courses of action. The own circumstances, they saw the possibilities of freeing Westerners apparently paid little attention to those ration­ man from social and political tyranny as weU as providing alizers but continued to develop programs based less on him with a constitutional way to be truly free. immediate justifications than they were pegged to larger While the Puritans and Presbyterians spread them­ selves over much of the Atlantic seaboard, New England was the center of Puritan influence and North Carolina "The Progressives were interested in the focus for Presbyterians. So, New England became the fostering a nation of communities. " source of their world view for the North and North Car­ olina for the South. But, whereas the latter state was a principles derived from their Yankee heritage. backwater within its section, New England became the po­ In sum, Easterners liked to quote Herbert Croly and litical and intellectual heartland of the North. The Yankee Walter Weyl; Westerners liked to quote Scripture and descendents of the early Puritans, in some respects the the Declaration of Independence. The ideas of Croly and wiser and certainly more conscious of the limitations of Weyl easily shaped into Liberalism when the Progressive Puritanism after two centuries of society-building in New movement was spent. Consequently, it is necessary to turn England, set forth four or five generations ago to create to the Western Progressives to distiU the essence of Pro­ a greater New England, a new city upon the hill in the gressivism as a separate persuasion with a doctrine of its American West. From northern Ohio to southern Califor­ own. nia they labored to plant the notions of commonwealth From the actions and pronouncements of leading and material prosperity joined by their forefathers, estab­ Progressives, it is possible to distiU five central elements lishing in the process societies of agrarian towns created in the Progressive tradition: by their own covenants, the northern wing of the Whig 1. The Progressives rejected or minimized the reali­ Party, and the reform movement that struggled to im­ ty of class differences and sought through their programs prove society in every possible respect. They and their new­ to eliminate what they conceived to be external (there­ found aUies from other ethnic groups who shared a sim­ by artificial and unfortunate) factors that promoted the ilar heritage, fought to defend their creations in a great division of American society along class lines. In this they civil war and later in the Populist revolt. reflected their commitment to the idea that the American The sons and grandsons of the Yankees and their al­ common man was essentially a member of the middle class. lies (embracing large numbers of Scandanavians, Jews, They were, themselves, "middle class" in their orientation Dutch, English Canadians, Scots and smaller numbers from and background. They had faith in the American common other groups) in tum took it upon themselves to bring man pursuing those solid virtues which were typical of the ideal commonwealth of their inheritance into the urban­ middle class goals before the advent of the hedonistic so­ industrial age two and three generations ago, during what ciety. Moreover, like Aristotle, they saw in the middle we know as the Progressive Era. From those efforts there class and its values, properly refined, the best source of emerged a new crystaUization of an old American tradi­ social stability and social reform. tion, the last such crystallization before the triumph of The Progressives, themselves, had no real sense of. Liberalism. class as a basis for social distinctions. Opposed to the October, 1972 13 domination of the new upper class that had emerged from active in the Progressive movement generally were much the Gilded Age to claim the special privileges of a nouveau more closely connected with the original American idea elite, they were equally unsympathetic to a radical labor of commonwealth than either the newly rich industrialist movement organized around the principles of working group which had revolutionized the nation since 1850 or class consciousness. Consequently, their "middle class" was the Radicals and Liberals who hoped to revolutionize it open to all who desired to enter it - it was not con­ in their time. Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt, ceived to be simply a middle force balancing the other who wrote history while making it, were the prime em­ classes but a group that would ultimately embrace the bodiments of this aspect of Progressivism. overwhelming majority of the American people as op­ 4. The Progressives were interested in fostering a portunity was spread more equally. Indeed, they saw their nation of communities, not in promoting a nationwide task as one of restoring the equality of opportunity lost pattern of conformity. Their interest in local action, in in the course of industrialization and urbanization. In the strengthening of the federal system at all its points, this respect, they can be considered middle class Radicals. in "trustbusting" and in the maintenance of various sub­ George Norris and Robert LaFollette, Sr., the greatest of national differences, all reflected their desire to allow the Progressive senators, embodied this middle class Radi­ diversity to flourish within a national framework. They calism in its highest form. wanted to encourage a harmonious community of communi­ 2. The Progressives were communitarian or com­ ties - through the cultivation of diverse integrities rather munity-minded in their orientation. Though they were in­ than in the search for uniformity. In the last analysis, they terested in government assuming a larger role in society, sought to use the power of the nation as a whole and the they were opposed to collectivism in either its govern­ mental or its corporate forms as the solution for the ills " ... Progressivism continues to rest upon the of industrial society, because they saw in it the destruction principle that America is basically a one­ of individual freedom and, ultimately, of the democratic class society . . ." community which they viewed as the product of coopera­ tion among free and more or less equal individuals. At national government to preserve community, not to destroy the same time, they rejected the radical individualism of it. Jane Addams, Jacob Riis, and their co-workers exem­ the GildEd Age (and of later generations of Conservatives) plified this commitment to a diversity of communities with­ which denied the power of the community to set standards in the context of a common society. and enforce them or to provide services needed by its 5. The Progressives, though primarily city-dwellers_ members. were strongly and positively oriented toward the preserva­ In their understanding of the world, the Progressives tion and enhancement of the country's natural environment. perceived that individuals can gain and maintain true They founded the conservation movement and were devoted freedom only to the extent that they are participants in to it. Indeed, they were the pioneer environmental preserv­ communities possessing adequate power to assure the per­ ationists in American history. In this respect, they rep­ sonal security and opportunity that are the necessary pre­ resented the urban dweller, American style, who went to requisites of freedom. Translated into practical political the city for economic advantage but who did not become terms, they sought to strengthen the local community with citified in the process. The conservation movement remains its basically voluntaristic methods of self-government with­ their best-known legacy. Gifford Pinchot and Steven T. out hesitating to use the coercive powers of government Mather guided and exemplified the Progressives dedicated where voluntarism could not do the job. In balance, they to this ideal. demanded the maintenance of competitive or countervail­ The Progressive tradition was a casualty of W orId ing powers. In this respect, they were essentially anti-bu­ War I. After the war, the American people turned their reaucratic, rejecting big organization as inimical to the backs on reform and, even more important, rejected the community and individuality. Louis D. Brandeis, who un­ notions of individual self-discipline and self-control es­ derstood "the curse of bigness," and John Dewey, who sential to the implementation of the Progressive program. understood the need for community, typified this concern The "roaring twenties" exemplify that rejection and the of the Progressive movement. emergence of the twentieth century hedonism so anti­ 3. The Progressives sought to preserve continuity thetical to Progressivism. When the reform movement suc­ with the past - the American past and the great tradi­ cessfully reasserted itself through the New Deal in the tion of the West - even in their effort to change the con­ 1930's, many of the old Progressives played decisive roles sequences of immediate past behavior. Indeed, part of in the work, but the ideological leadership of the reform­ their approach was based on the idea that the situation ers had passed to the Liberals, who had never really agreed they confronted was a perversion of the American tradi­ with the Progressives even while working with them. After tion and that it was possible to institute changes which, the social changes of the 1920's, the Liberals, with their while quite radical in light of that recent past, would commitment to the elimination of social restrictions and actually be far more in harmony with the original tradi­ controls, were better able to articulate the avant guard posi­ tion of America. In embracing this position, they equally tion in American society seeking government which freed rejected both the status quo stance of Conservatives and the citizens from economic worries as well as social restraints. revolutionary notions of Radicals. This attitude developed, Since then, the Liberals have grown in strength and in no small measure, because the men who were most influence, a new Conservatism and a still-newer Radicalism

14 Ripon Forum have emerged as the opponents of Liberalism, and the Pro­ be measured. Rather, a revived Progressivism will seek gressive tradition has been almost forgotten. Yet the Pro­ linkages with those who speak of participatory democracy, gressive tradition is not quite dead. Scattered around the an original idea of Puritans and Progressives. country are the inarticulate but effective heirs of the Pro­ Since Progressivism is founded upon the existence of gressive tradition. These new Progressives often are found the Covenant that has made Americans, in Lincoln's words, in the highest offices of the land, only their own special an "almost-chosen people," and values covenants as the outlook remains unexpressed and unpubIicized. basis of all proper social order, it does not reject the Today, the times demand a revival of the Progressive existence of an Ark of the Covenant an ultimate truth tradition in the United States as an alternative to an in­ which men and societies must constancly seek and pursue. creasingly bankrupt Liberalism, an increasingly irrelevant To Progressives, all is not simply relative. Yet truth is not Conservatism, and an increasingly dangerous Radicalism. to be found in any of the sacred cows of the modern The Progressive alternative must be heard once again in the ideologies. Progressivism must be based on a covenant of great debate which is now engaging the citizens of this communities each of which should be able to preserve federal republic. its own integrity by entering into partnership with other A revived Progressivism should appeal to all Ameri­ communities across the nation. In answer to the competing cans for Progressivism continues to rest upon the principle cries that "one nation" must mean either "one way" or that America is basically a one-class society in which peo­ "any way," a revived Progressivism should seek to identi­ ple of all economic and occupational levels share the com­ fy the legitimate diversities that exist in this country and mon values of the middle class regardless of the changes the illegitimate ones that are being foisted upon us, subt­ those values have undergone, and whose approach to po­ ly or otherwise, and to discuss means by which the former litical and social change is not only conditioned by a com­ can be preserved and the latter eliminated so as to preserve mon orientation but is focused by a commitment to the and enhance the nation as a whole. traditional goals of a middle class society. A revived Progressivism must reaffirm the value of the At the same time, let it be clearly understood that a American heritage and its ability to speak to us today. revived Progressivism dare not assume that American Consequently, it will have to advocate changes that pre­ values are synonymous with the values and conditions of serve continuity with that past. As in the case of the Old American society where today's commercial republic seems Progressivism, this implies a commitment to the future to have run amok. On the contrary, the task of a revived that recognizes that change is part of our tradition. The Progressivism includes the restoration of true understand­ past should have a vote, not a veto - but it should have ing of and appreciation for the real values of American that vote. society, the fostering of those values in concrete ways de­ spite the assaults against them even by their putative de­ " ... Liberalism has run aground on its own fenders and the elimination of the remaining pockets of presuppositions . .. " those excluded from the mainstream of American life. To these ends, a revived Progressivism will be as Finally, and perhaps most important, a revived Pro­ community-minded as always. Its adherents will seek to gressivism must be concerned with conservation of our maintain the values of community where possible and to environment and all its resources in the fullest sense of restore them where necessary. Just as Progressivism rejects the term. The fundamental ecological orientation of Pro­ the doctrinaire individualism of the right, so does it reject gressivism must remain the basic attribute that it was in the collectivism or neo-collectivism of the left. Neither the past so that a new Progressive movement will con­ free markets nor state planning appear to be the touch­ centrate its efforts on the enhancement of our people's re­ stones against which all proposals for social change shall lationship with the natural environment of this richly en­ dowed country, to preserve our cities as extensions of that environment rather than as means by which to reject it and to preserve our countryside in such a manner that it enhances civilization as civilization enhances it. It is this writer's firm belief that many millions of Americans share the Progressive vision of American so­ ciety, inarticulate as it may presently be, and that even now many of the rising generation of political leaders are operating according to some intuitive perception of that vision. However, at a time when the very consensus that binds Americans together is being challenged and the nation's social compact is being renegotiated that is not enough. The Progressive persuasion itself needs to be articulated and the vision restored to public view. To this end, all who care to participate in the effort must be mobilized to enunciate principles that will clarify that vision and to forge policies and programs that will help achieve its goals. II

October, 1972 15 All of this is worthwhile history, but the book may be of little more than retrospective interest because of the signal changes which have taken place in the last two years: (1) the lowering of the voting age to 18; (2) the shortening of residence requirements to 30 days; (3) the liberalization of absentee ballot procedures; and (4) • "Is It True What They Say About The New York the fact that most students are now permitted to register Times'?" by John C. Ottinger and Patrick D. Maines. Na­ and vote on their college campuses. Hyman has evaluated tional ReV'lew, September 15, 1972. Apparently not, if one the role of "youth in politics" based on their success as is referring to the vintage Agnew attacks on the balance campaign workers, asking, "Can young people alter elec­ of NYT news coverage. Ottinger and Maines analyzed toral outcomes by persuading older voters of the virtue NYT reporting on Sen. James L. Buckley's 1970 election of their cause?" The question relevant in 1972 is, "Can campaign; the 1969 ABM debate in the Senate; the 1969 new voters be organized by their peers and others such Haynsworth nomination to the Supreme Court; Vice that these 18-24 year olds will exercise a critical influence President Spiro Agnew's 1969 tangle with the TV net­ on all future elections?" works; and President Nixon's 1972 decision to mine North Though the results of this year's contests are as yet Vietnam's ports and concluded that the NYT "news unknown, the validity of several propositions already performance in terms of balance between Right and Left seems assured. First, the young are not politically homo­ may not be flawless, but it must be rated very high," and geneous. They are not all liberal McGovern collegians. then suggested: "conservatives - and all other Americans Two-thirds of the 1972 new voters have never attended - could be more confident if other major media measured college, the majority are middle-of-the-road independents, up to the same standard." and Nixon appears likely to capture a plurality of this • Pouteia, The Quarterly of the American Association vote in November. Second, young people constitute a sub­ of Political Consultants. (Holt Information Systems, Inc.. stantial portion of the total electorate, and for those can­ 383 Madison Ave., New York 10007; $15 for Fall '72 didates willing to appeal to this group, a ready pool of issue plus all four '73 issues.) Yes, there is ethics in pol­ enthusiastic and often-sophisticated volunteers awaits the itics - at least among political consultants - according call. This is particularly the case in those areas (such as to F. Clifton White, president of AAPC, and editor Gus university towns) in which youthful voters cluster. The Tyler. Pollteia is a well-crafted attempt to describe and import of these propositions is that the young have at refine the art of campaign politics. It may be unnerving, last - politically - come of age. - Reviewed by PETER but political consulting is not synonomous with dirty pol­ BAUGHER. itics, according to Tyler. In fact, he says, one of the • "The Myth of New Majorities," by James L. Sund­ goals of AAPC and PoUteia is to "establish a Marquis quist. Washington Post, September 24, 1972. Adapted from of Queensbury set of rules in the political arena. It his soon-to-be-published book (Dynamics of the Party seeks to light a small ethical candle in the factional hur­ System), Sundquist details why "no fundamental realign­ ricanes." With authors like fundraising expert Herbert ment" of the Americ·an political system is likely to occur E. Alexander, titles like "Let's Cut the Baloney about in 1972 - just as it failed to OCOUr in 1964 and 1968. Ac­ Political Advertising," and topics like Congressman cording to Sundquist, "the essential condition for realign­ Peter Rodino's (D-N.J.) primary victory in a predomi­ ment has not developed. While the new issues have cut nantly black district, PoUtela lives up to its editorial across and distributed the existing alignment, and while promise with a compelling product. Those for whom pol­ they have aroused great passion and dominated political itics is dull, if not dirty, will find PoUteia refreshing and debate, they have not driven the major parties to op­ fascinating. posite poles." Sundquist has the graphs and charts to • "Chairman of the Boar.!," by Andrew J. Glass. The show Why. Kevin Phillips, are you listening? New Leader, September 18, 1972. "There is a distinct • Your Child And Busing, published by the U.S. corpor·ate flavor to Richard Nixon's drive to cr,ush George Commission on Civil Rights. Publication No. 36, May McGovern , .." As, for example, the report of the chair­ 1972. Reviewing the history of busing and desegregation man of the board at Miami Beach: "To hear (Chairman in the U.S., the Commission on Civil Rights concludes, Nixon) tell it, Vietnam was a poorly conceived invest­ "Busing is a last resort and only that. But when all other ment by a previous inept management, which your man­ tools are ineffective, school districts have the duty to use agement has skillfully converted into a small nonrecur­ the last remaining tool to meet their constitutional ob­ ring loss. It is interesting to note, the chairman con­ ligation." A logical, reflective assessment. cluded that the research department has definitely as­ • Target '72: Sixty Days to Victory, A Program for certaitied that George McGovern, a dissident minor stock­ Voter Identification and Turnout. Published by the Po­ holder, seeks to bankrupt the company after first dis­ litical/Research Division of the Republican National Com­ honoring its credit in world markets. Thank you very mittee, 310 First St., S.E., Washington, D.C., 20003 (in much for your interest and please don't forget to leave cooperation with the Committee for the Re-election of your proxies with management November 3 correctly the President). A Republican campaign organizer's man­ filled out." Not a word in the chairman's report about the ual to "four more years," from boiler room to ballot box. embarrassments in corporate espionage or the dubious • Business and Society Review, 89 Beacon Street, Bos­ business practices in the milk and wheat product opera­ ton, Mass. (Quarterly, $24 per year.) The new quarterly tions. • "Nixon Rides High Horse," by David Broder. Wash­ ington Post, August 29, 1972. "The danger to R!chard Nixon's high-riding campaign can be summarized ill one word: Smugness." Broder points out that the voters are not as satisfied as President Nixon might believe them to be and concludes with this suggestion, "There is after all a distinction between being on the high road and be­ ing on your high horse. The best advice anyone could give the President would be: Dismount." • Youth m Politics: Expectations and Realities, by Sidney Hyman. (New York: Basic Books, 1972, $8.95.) youth In PoUtics is a valuable backward look at a decade of student political activity, with a special focus on the effect young campaign workers had on the congressional elections of 1970. The first third of Hyman's study is a narrative of the student movements of the 1960's, be­ ginning (symbolically) with John Kennedy's Inaugural Address and winding its way through accounts of SNCC, the Fr~ Speech Movement, SDS, Columbia, teach-ins, mobilizations moratoriums, Cambodia and Kent State, and the 1970' Princeton Plan for a two-week pre-election academic recess. 16 Ripon Forum is edited by Theodore Cross, author of Black Capitalism, ica, would on balance be better off - actually do bet­ and will specialize in issues concerning business account­ ter - in raw policy terms - under, and in spite of, a ability and: corporate reform. The current issue includes President McGovern." Unlike his National Review as­ an interview with economist Milton Friedman by contrib­ sociates, magazine publisher Rusher isn't backing Nixon. uting editor John McLaughry, also a frequent contribu­ He won't vote. tor to the FORUM. Friedman condemns the idea of cor­ • "Wanted: Some Big Prosecutions," by William porate social responsibility as "utter hogwash" incompati­ Buckley. Boston Globe, September 22, 1972. Perhaps we ble with Friedman's belief that the sole responsibility of should be grateful that Bill Buckley has publicly suggest­ corporate executives i~ to "make as much money for their ed that the Nixon Administration vigorously prosecute stockholders as possible." "some of the Big People in America" such as "re­ • "A New Look in Welfare: Mc.Govel'n Takes the calcitrant generals," "tax cheats," and "influence ped­ Middle," by Jodi Allen. Washington Post, August 31, 1972. dlers." But National Review's editor is not concerned Ms. Allen extends her criticism of the Nixon welfare pro­ about the judicial equity of such prosecutions nor about gram (June 1972 FORUM) to George McGovern's modi­ the strain and alienation which repeated scandals en­ fied, but still badly fiawed, proposal. "The Senator has couraged among America's citizens. No, Bill Buckley is made precisely the wrong choice," she writes. "He stuck concerned about "helping to restore faith in Mr. Nixon" with his $4,000 guarantee but .abandoned the principle of and "increasing Mr. Nixon's vote of confidence in Novem­ univer.sality whereas he should have done just the op­ ber." Nary a word about propriety, but maybe Buckley posite." She proposes a $2,800 guarantee for all the poor can carry expediency one point further. If the President (including the childless), a maximum 50 percent tax could unhinge himself from the Thieu regime, stop the (from all sources on the earnings of the poor), a guar­ bombing, and bring the POW's home, wouldn't such ac­ anteed job with a wage pegged at 90 percent of the min­ tions also increase the margins of a vote of 'confidence?' imum wage, and mandatory maintenance of current state As well as pointing the "gun barrel at some of the Big welfare benefits. "The plan," she says, "Would guarantee People in America," we look forward to a future Buckley a minimum income of $4,600 ($3,600 wage, $1,000 sup­ column suggesting we point the gun barrel away from plement) for all families with an able-bodied member, the Little People in Southeast Asia. provide ·a reasonable incentive for work effort for all Note: Contributions to Duly Noted are appreciated. the poor and protect current welfare recipients in high Notes on books, articles and other media presentations payment states from loss of benefits." should be addressed to DULY NOTED, Ripon Society, • "Symposium on the Fnture of American Federal­ 14A Eliot Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138. ism," with articles by William Satire, Richard Nathan, Thomas Huston and Wendell Hulcher. Publius (Spring, 1972). Published by the Center for the Study of Federal­ ism, Temple University, Philadelphia, Penn. 19122. This publication reprints the important policy debate in the White House on the nature of the "new Federalism" and RIPON FORUM its implications for decentralization and administrative reform. "I cannot abstain from entreating • "The Black Dilemma if Nixon Wins," by Arthur you to at least look at . . . . A. Fletcher. Wall Street Journal, September 25, 1972. Fletcher, a former Assistant Secretary of Labor in the heresy of heresies - the Nixon Administration, claims that blacks have effective­ excellent magazine put out by ly ruined opportunities to be politically effective in the Nixon Administration. Now executive director of the the Ripon Society." George frazier, United Negro College Fund, Fletcher says blacks could have benefitted from the example or organized labor, The "!it'ry life" columnist of which while it disagreed with the Administration in as The Boston Globe. many areas as black leaders, gave the Administration strong support in areas like the Vietnam War. Organized labor therefore became an object of Administration court­ Four more years? ing, thereby increasing organized labor's impact. Blacks You need only give one year at a time generally spurned Administration policy proposals across But give a the board - and thus the support of blacks was written FORUM gift subscription off - as, effectively, were any policy alternatives which Today . . . for Christmas. might have been beneficial to blacks. Fletcher argues that blacks have to treat a second Nixon Administration Use the inserted Business Reply Envelope. with less hostility if they wish to be politically effective. He suggests that if blacks "take a page out of labor's book and become political pragmatists in the same way that such traditional Nixon opponents as the Jews and Chicanos have found ways to accommodate the President, then they might be able to achieve a share in the lead­ ership of the (human rights) movement." • Giap Teaches Us a Lesson - But It's Over Our Heads, by Craig R. Whitney. New York Tbues Magazine, Septem­ Interested in Posterity? ber 24, 1972. According to New York Tbues Saigon Bu­ reau Chief Craig Whitney, the lesson of South Vietnamese history has fallen on the deaf ears of American officials The Ripon FORUM is now available on who prefer not to recognize the tenacity of the North microfilm. Vietnamese War efforts. As a result, American officials continue to underestimate the devastating impact that the 1968 Tet offensive and this year's spring thrust had on Details on purchase of back issues South Vietnam's military effectiveness and civilian morale. should be directed to: And the lesson of that, says Whitney, "Seems to be that, if we do not withdraw now, in 1976 we will still be com­ mitted to holding up the fiagging will of our South Viet­ namese allies with money, bombs and air crews." Whitney views the damages inflicted by the U.S. on North Vietnam XEROX UNIVERSITY MICROFILM not as ending the war, but as opening a new stage - "a long one, with which the South Vietnamese will 300 not be able to cope unless the Americans continue to North Zeeb Road help them on a massive scale." Four more years. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 • "Rusher Sees Dismal Choice for Conserw.tives," by William A. Rusher. The Idaho Statesman, September 1, 1972. "I believe that conservatism and therefore Amer-

October, 1972 17 members lost sight of this fact? This is not the time to stop putting new life into American Society just so an LETTERS alliance can be had with the White House. I invite all rational and honest Ripon SOCiety mem­ bers and Republicans to support George McGovern also. Can the Country or, for that matter, the Republican Par­ A Call to Excellence? ty, afford four more years of Richard Nixon? It is my sad purpose to disassociate myself from the STEVEN D. BERKSHIRE Ripon Society's endorsement of the Nixon-Agnew ticket. ~dianapolis, Indiana The reasons are contained in the many editorials and policy statements of the Ripon Society over the past McGovern Endorsed four years. I had been labormg under the apparent de­ Richard Nixon in his acceptance speech at the Re­ lusion that such prose served a function beyond the lit­ pub~can co:r:t,,:ention accused George McGovern of aban­ erary exercise indulged in by the authors. domng traditional Democratic Party principles and urg­ Those who have argued that this endorsement will ed Democrats to "come home" to those principles by improve the Society's relations with the Republican Par­ vo~in~ for Nixon in November. The other side of this ty seem oblivious to the fact that to most of the party com 1S the problem faced by Republican voters who have the Society will be anathema regardless of this action: watched Nixon systematically embrace the opposition's and to the fact that the minority would continue to seek program and rhetoric while abandoning certain tradition­ Ripon's services despite a non-endorsement. al Republican principles. I believe that in three decisive I look forward to the rationale, four years hence, for ar!!as. George McGovern ~epresents traditional Republican supporting the Agnew-Brock ticket. "A call to excellence prmc1ples better than R1chard Nixon and that Republi­ in leadership" is apparently a phrase with ironic over­ cans who seek to be faithful to these principles rather tones. than to party success in holding office have good reasons HOWARD L. REITER to vote for McGovern. The three betrayed principles are: Vice President, Ripon Society restraint in the use of military force ,and the making of Mishawaka, Indiana treaty commitments in foreign countries; defense of the so~dness. of the dolla: as a symbol of our good faith in Editor's Note: The Ripon Society endorsed President dealmg With other nat10ns; ,and reluctance to involve the Nixon in the September FORUM. Federal Government in the detailed management of the economy. Ripon Rebuked Nixon's record in these three areas is abysmal from When I first joined the Society it was for the reason a Republican point of view. He has labelled as "isolation­ that I felt the Ripon Society could offer a positive and ist" those who seek a return to the principles of restraint constructive liberal influence on the Republican Party; and non-intervention that guided the United States for that the Ripon Society could offer opposition to right the first 160 years of its existence. He does this because wing party members, such as Barry Goldwater and Rich­ he has embraced a characteristically Democratic policy ard Nixon. As soon as Nixon was elected, however, the of multiplying U.S. "commitments" to foreign factions Ripon Society started modifying its position and moving and propping up those factions with military and economic toward the Nixon ideology -- basically to gain favor with aid. The litmus test for this decision is Vietnam where the powers-to-be. And now in 1972 the Ripon Society has NixoI1: instead of liquida~ing an historically improbable actUally supported President Nixon's economic, Vietnam, cOmmItment of no practical relevance to American se­ and his governmental policies - if not directly at least curity, has reinforced and extended it and in the process by indirect methods by approving of him generally. undertaken military measures of extreme, perhaps un­ How the Ripon Society can now support Nixon's Viet­ paralled, brutality. The negotiations Nixon has carried nam policy knowing that it is nothing more than the on with Russia and China have entangled us further in same blind attitUdes professed by the former President precisely the kind of great-power web of international before him, is extremely hard to understand. It is in­ politics that Americans abhorred from the time of Wash­ creasingly obvious that the Nixon policy for getting out ington to the time of Roosevelt. I think that Americans of Vietnam is to bomb the North into submission - a in the past had good reasons for their reluctance to be­ policy advocated by Goldwater in 1964 and one that has come embroiled in the moral ambiguities and practical failed repeatedly every time someone has attempted it. risks of balance of power politics, and Republicans have Nixon has consistently used deceit and half-truths traditionally been among the most eloquent in stating to convince the Nation that he is doing the right thing. those reasons and the stoutest in acting on them. While saying that we are getting out of Vietnam and The second Republican tradition betrayed by Nixon Indochina, he increases the bombing to levels never be­ is defense of the value of the dollar. The difficulty Amer­ fore considered ,and increases Naval strength. At the same ica has had in defending the dollar is a direct consequence time troops are secretly kept in neighboring countries. of the inflated "commitments" of Democratic Presidents. While saying that he is helping the economy, he Nixon was forced to devalue the dollar because of his continues to favor those with the financial wealth and decision to maintain and extend those "commitments." ignores the rest of the Nation under the pretext that The manner in which devaluation was carried out was the mega-corporations are the only ones who can save shocking in its disrespect for other nations. For manY the economy. He continues to favor the destruction of months we were treated to the spectacle of a Democratic family farms and rural areas by corporation farms and Secretary of the Treasury intimidating other nations with developers. the threat of American default. Instead of treating in­ While saying that he supports education, he sets ternational finance, the most delicate of institutions, as out to reduce support for education, vocational schools, a matter of mutual interest and sober respect, the Nixon and scientific research. He has not dissuaded military re­ Administration undertook an exercise in bullying and search. Support is not necessarily money, it is also tech­ bluff. nical support, political support, 'and moral support - The third of Nixon's betrayals of Republican tradi­ he refuses all to education. tion is his adoption of the Democratic habit of detailed President Nixon has not changed from the Richard intervention in the economy, often in response to special Nixon of 1952 or 1956 or even 1960; he has only become interests. This tendency manifested itself early in his self-conscious of his own political well-being. term in Administration support for the SST subsidy and I was disillusioned as a Republican in 1969 and that the Lockheed Loan. It reached a climax with Nixon's disillusionment has not gotten any less, only more so. adoption of wage and price controls, which were super­ His position on busing is no more than a cover-up fluous in reducing inflation but committed the govern­ for the real issue facing the country - and that issue ment to substantial and continuous intervention in private is the BIGOTRY and RACISM that exists in America. economic decision-making. At the same time Nixon al­ It is not a matter of neighborhood schools, it is a mat­ lowed his promising anti-bureaucratic position on wel­ ter of whether or not all Americans can have an equal fare reform to degenerate into a punitive bill riddled with opportunity. administrative nightmares like eligibility requirements My word to the Ripon Society is that Richard Nixon depending on a vague concept of "inability to work." stands for everything the Society has fought against The traditional Republican arguments that private de­ since its beginning in the Republican Party. Have the cision-making is likely to be better than government's in

18 Ripon F arum. most economic matters, and that constant government of Nixon, the nation ought to be willing to give McGovern mtervention weakens the fabric of democracy by making a chance. Or, at least, willing to welcome a change. the fortunes of large groups of people dependent on fa­ An honest assessment of George McGovern will in­ vorable or unfavorable government decisions, seem to dicate that while he is basically less close to the philoso­ have been forgotten by Richard Nixon. phy of the "New Politics" than many of the delegates Politics rarely exhibits clearcut betrayals of party who nominated him, he is nonetheless more open and less position. The vagueness and flexibility of party pronoun­ wedded to the blunders of the past than is Richard Nixon. cements and the exigencies of history tend to make al­ George McGovern's campaign, which began in the most any position seem consistent in some way with par­ New Hampshire primary without the backing of vested ty tradition. Any particular Republican has his own sense interests or "professional" politicians, has emerged from of what is central to Republican philosophy and what is the status of an obscure protest movement to a people's peripheral I find the three principles I have been dis­ crusade for change. While McGovern has demonstrated cussing here: restraint in foreign policy, defense of the himself to be personally still something of an old politi­ dollar as a symbol of good faith, and reluctance to in­ cian - witness his backtracking on his "progressive" eco­ volve the Federal Government in the detailed manage­ nomic proposals and tax reform ideas, and other areas ment of the economy, the most attractive and central where he has become less of an imaginative leader now pillars of Republican tradition. There is no doubt in my that he has the nomination - his campaign is still the mind that Richard Nixon has betrayed these principles best available vehicle of hope on the political scene. and that he cannot therefore command my support as a Republican. The case that George McGovern represents MICHAEL McCRERY these principles is weaker but not unpersuasive, especial­ Idaho Falls, Idaho ly because I find the question of restraint in foreign pol­ icy to be the most important issue in 1972 and in some sense the key to the other issues. I choose McGovern. DUNCAN FOLEY 14a ELIOT STREET Cambridge, Mass. • New Jersey Chapter president Richard ZImmer has Ripon Disendorsed been named to a key leadership post in Sen. Clifi'ord Case's This has been a year of startling political develop­ re-election effort. AI Feizenberg, an NGB member is a ments, but none has been more startling to me than the CRP field man for Essex, Passaic, and Hudson Co~ties. decision this September of the Ripon National Governing • Additional New York Chapter members running Board to endorse Richard Nixon for re-election. for office this fall include David Arens, seeking election By endorsing Nixon, Ripon is accepting a certain as a civil court judge in Manhattan 'and Jane Weld, who responsibility for his actions during the next four years. is running for election in the 52nd Assembly District in Knowing what we do, this is not a responsibility I can Brooklyn. assume. I am, therefore, withdrawing from the National • The New york Chapter held two meetings in Sep­ Governing Board and from Ripon. I continue to cling to tember. Fioravante G. Perrotta, former New York City the Republican Party though there is very little room Administrator and currently head of the New York City left for me. Hopefully, Ripon (if it is not plundered by CRP efforts, addressed a September 19 meeting. Assem­ ambition) will reassert its high standards, and I shall be bly Speaker Perry Duryea spoke to a combined meeting able to rejoin in the future. of Ripon, the Met Club and New York Young Republi­ KEN KAISERMAN cans on September 28. New chapter officers include Kathy Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ~itchell, secretary; IJn~ Asay, vice president for pub­ hcity; Ann Heavner as VIce president for community af­ Credibility fairs; Ed Goldberg as chairman for financial planning; If moderate, liberal Republicans wish to maintain Lems Stone as chairman of legislative action and Sal their credibility and their future as a force to be reckon­ Sclafani as Chairman for Environmental Problems. ed with in coming political yeaJ.1S, 1972 must be the year • The Washington Chapter hosted guest speaker WH­ in which those Republicans decide to put principle ahead Ham V. Shannon September 26. Shannon, a member of of party. In other words, they should work for the defeat the New York T:imes editorial board, traced the problems of Richard M. Nixon. of the GOP's model'ate wing to Gov. Nelson Rockefeller's The precedent for such "disloyalty" was clearly enun­ decision to drop out of the presidential race in 1960. ciated by the Nixon Administration two years ago when • The Memphis Chapter was responsible for the Vice President Spiro Agnew, no doubt with some encour­ August 3 primary night coverage of Shelby County Pre­ agement, refused to support the "radical-liberal" Repub­ cincts for WMC-TV in Memphis. The effort, which was lican Senate candidate from New York, Charles Goodell, organized by IJnda Miller, stimulated favorable com­ due to "principle." There were also other progressive ment from WMC and local Republican officials. Another GOP Senate candidates - notably Spaulding in Massa­ Memphis' new NGB representatives are Chapter presi­ chusetts, Garland in Virginia, Ellicker in Washington, grad on a Fulbright Scholarship, working on her Ph.D. and Danforth in Missouri - where the Administration re­ dissertation for the University of Chicago. fused the moderate wing of the party its assistance, and • The Memphis Chapter received full chapter status in some cases actually gave low-key assistance to can­ at the NGB meeting September 10, in Philadelphia. didates other than those running on the Republican ticket. Memphis' new NGB representatives are Chapter Presi­ Looking at the record, there are shortcomings in dent WII1ia.m. Wbltten, an attorney, Robert Lanier, also both the President and his Democratic challenger, South an attorney, and Mary SoIIlvan, a stockbroker. Dakota Senator George McGovern. But, after four years • New York Chapter Vice-President Glenn Gel"Stell and NGB member Tanya Melich have been named' deputy campaign managers for the Nixon campaign in New York City, while former NGB ChaimIan John Price has been CORRECTIONS named to head CRP efforts in Queens. • The "Committee of a Whole Bunch of People Who Want to Clean Up the Mess in Harrisburg and Elect Jon In the September FORUM, book reviewer Barry Vipond Representative" are doing just that for National Chabot was incorrectly listed as Bruce Chabot. Due to a Associate Member Jon Vipond in Pennsylvania's 114th typographical error in the FORUM analysis of Vietnam, legislative district near Scranton. Vipond, a law clerk to "Bombs Aren't Defused," the figure for Vietnam war dead the President Judge of the Commonwealth Court, defeat­ was listed as "57 percent." It should have been "47 per­ ed the party-endorsed candidate in an April primary and cent." Professor Robert Donaldson was a major contribu­ is now engaged in a tough fight against a four-term Dem­ tor to the September FORUM on the Nixon Administra­ ocratic incumbent. tion Record. His name was omitted from the list of con­ • Washington Chapter member Howard A. Cohen tributors. Another major contributor was Robert E. has been appointed Assistant Director of the Cost of Hunter, senior fellow of the Overseas Development Coun­ Living Council by COLC Executive Director Donald Rums­ cil and the major author of the article on Overseas Eco­ feld. Cohen was previously a member of the White House nomics: "Trading for World Peace." staff. October, 1972 19 Forum Reader Survey In July 1971, the publication schedule of the Ripon FORUM was changed to accommodate a mid-month newsletter as well as the traditional monthly magazine. Now, after 15 months under this bi-monthly publication schedule, the Society is evaluating this format and formulating plans for the future. Consequently, we would appreciate your cooperation in completing this Reader Survey. Please attach any additional comments you may have after answering this questionnaire and mail it to FORUM READER SURVEY, 14a Eliot Street, Cambridge, Mass., 02138 by October 30, 1972. (Use the insert­ ed subscription envelope to mail your reply.) Your evaluation of our past performance and ideas for the future will be important in our planning. 1. What date did you receive this issue of the FORUM? ...... 2. What feature of the FORUM do you find most valuable? (Circle One) Letters; 14A Eliot Street; People in Politics; Political Notes; Book Reviews; Substantive Pol­ icy Proposals; Editorials; Political Analysis, State Political Reports; Duly Noted. Comments: ...... 3. What feature of the FORUM do you read first? (Circle One) Letters; 14A Eliot Street; People in Politics; Political Notes; Book Reviews; Substantive Pol­ icy Proposals; Editorials; Political Analysis, State Political Reports; Duly Noted. Comments: ...... 4. Which features of the FORUM would you like to see expanded? (Circle one or more) Letters; 14A Eliot Street; People in Politics; Political Notes; Book Reviews; Substantive Pol­ icy Proposals; Editorials; Political Analysis, State Political Reports; Duly Noted. Comments: ...... 5. Do you read only parts of the FORUM? ...... If the answer is yes, why don't you read the complete issue? ......

6. Which do you find more valuable - the FORUM magazine or newsletter? (Circle one) Comments: ...... 7. What aspect of public policy would you like to see covered more thoroughly in future issues of the FORUM? ...... 8. What aspect of the FORUM has most dissatisfied you? ......

9. In what additional ways do you think the FORUM could improve? ......

10. Which published format for the FORUM would you prefer? (Circle one) a. the present format of a monthly magazine and a monthly newsletter. b. a semi-monthly political newsletter with occasional substantive articles, plus a FORUM quar­ terly in which each issue would be devoted to a particular subject, such as criminal justice. c. other. (Please explain) ...... 11. What other publications do you read? ( Cir cle ) DAILIES: WEEKLIES: MONTHLIES: QUARTERLIES: New York Times Time Harper'S Pllblic Interest Washington Post Newsweek Atlantic Foreign Affa;"s Wall Street JOllrnal Satllrday Review Washington Monthly Foreign Policy Christian Science Monitor New Repllblic Fortllne Others: ...... Other: ...... National Review Others: ...... Other: ......

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