Editor's Column TABLE OF CONTENTS
"M arch 22 . fi ercely conserva EDITOR'S COLUMN ...... 2 tive Georgia Congressman Newt 0 Gin grich wa s elected House PROFILES AND PERSI'ECTIVES: Republican Wh ip, a rem which many in A COnl'u salion wilh Newl Gill.s:rich ...... , ...... 3 Washington considered the coming 10 power of a new Republican guard. The EDITORIALS, irony in the Gingri ch e lecti on was Ihal The FSX, America and Japan ...... ' • .. , . . • •• . • ...... 8 a number of moderate Republicans ~ up ported hi s candidacy. Theccnlmlthread A "GOLDEN BORDERS" PROPOSAL: seems to be that Gingrich supporting Mark Uncaphcr and Russell George ...... •...... 10 moderates favored his take--charge stylc. THE GOP's STAKE IN A "GOLDEN BORDERS" In his inte rview in this Forum. the six IMMIGRATION l'OLlCY: Kenncth J. Grossberger ...... 12 Icrm congressman talks about hi s new post and of the need 10 deve lop a FOOD AS A WEAI)ONOFWAR: "caring, humanitarian rcfonn party," flas 11/1' VI/ilnl SlaleS DOliI' Enough 10 SlOP II?: Dal'id A. FuSClIs ...... 14 Gingrich claims Ihm he wants a "big lent " party. This means a group with THE EDUCATION I'ERFORMANCE AGREEMENT: di verse views and healthy arguments. Peter Smith ...... 16 Of course. who controls the debate will te ll muc h a bo ut how d iverse the TO MAKE A DU"FERENCE: Republican Part y can becomc. Whether Constance A. Morella ...... 17 he and his fo llowers. who will be in trume ntal in putt ing together House FREDERIC K McCLURE: UEHIND THE "NEW BREEZE" : coali tions. will be genu inely inclusive William P. McKenzie ...... 19 cfmooermes on fUi ure issues remains a legitimate questi on. THE C HAIRMAN'S CORNER : Also in this issue Ripon president Goals/or Ihe '9Os: Mark Uncaphcr and New York allomey William Clinger ...... • ...... 20 Russe ll George prescnt a plan to expand upon prior immigrati on refonns. Thei r WALTER N. T HA YER.IN MEMORIAM: ai m is to provide incenti ves to private. Thomas E. Petri and Lee W. Huebner ...... , ...... 21 voluntary o rganizations for sponsorshi p of immigrants. which incl udes respon puoLie HO US ING, sibility for an immigrant's healt h and O/Ihe People. By lite Peo/)Ie alld For lite People: educationlll needs. Mariann KunL ...... 22 Ncw Ripon Forum cditorial board member David Fuscus rcpons on U.S . 6 LIHRARY COURT. 23 po li cy dcvelo pme nt s regarding the Sudan, a counlry in which Fuscus has WASHINGTON NOTES AND QUOTES ...... 24 tmveled cxtcnsivcl y. Hc suggests that the changes provide a model fo r the dif ferent approach George Bush brings to fore ign policy. RIPON/orum Ncwly-elcctcd Ri pon chaimlan Bill EdilfH" , William P. McKmI..., Clinger also OUilines his hopes for the An«illu Et&fH": Oak E. Cun" Socie ty. whic h includes promoting EditoriDlA uiJulttU: Robin B~ ..· cll. Party. M""u""nph and phoI~ "'" """",ltd. bool ChnMone Slrum. Booky I( mdall do rJ<)t
2 R/PON FOR UM . MAY 1989 PROFILES AND PERSPECTIVES
A Conversation with Newt Gingrich
0" a SlInny Washington morning last Gunderson, a moderate from Wiscon momh. at six a.m. to be exaCt. Forum si n, and Robert Walker. a conservati ve editor Bill McKemie joined Gingrich to from Pennsylvania. we sent the signal hear more of his ideas. DlIring their 90- that both wings would be represented. millllte walk down the Mall linking the Ripon Forum: Bul beyond personnel Congressman Newt Gingrich Capitol and the Lincoln Monllment. selections. on what issues will you in they discllssed lite symbolism of the volve moderates? whip election. HOl/se Speaker Jim Gingrich: To really understand my Newt Gingrich was elected to tile post Wright, GOP /'Illes and the flew whip's hopes, let me give you an outline of my of House Republican whip, which ideas abo/ll the party' sfml/re.l! is clear way of thinking. Activ ities occur at four makes the cOl1lrol'crsiaf Georgian fhe Ihat I/O matter whal the GOP's fwwe levels. The top level is vision. the next second- ranking House Republican. It may hold. Gil/gricl! will IJfay a level is strategy. and after that follow also puts him ill charge of building sup promillent parr. projects and tactics, porr for RefJUbficon illiliatives in rile Our larger vision is to develop a HOllse. Ripon Forum: To some degree your caring, humanitarian reform party. Some skeptics wOllder, howeI'er, if rhe recent election to the post of House That's an interesting tenn. by the way. oil/spoken panisoll is qualified for this minori ty whip was the result of sUpJX)rt because [former Whi te House chief of role. In addilion 10 illiliarillg elhics by such moderate Republ icans as staff] Ken Duberstein said it ought to be charges agaillsf HOllse Speaker Jim Olympia Snowe, Claud ine Schneider caring; my wife said it ought to be IVriglll, he has antagonized mOlly and Bill Frenzel. How do you plan to in humani tarian; and Steve Gunderson Democrats with his attacks all the "cor volve moderdtes in formulating legisla said il ought to be reform. mpl, liberal welfare stale." Erell a con tion? We have to become a party which siderable /lumber of Republicans seem Gingrich: There's no question that I cares aboul the nine year-old saying the to be disgruntled with Gingrich's style. would not be House Republican whip if Pledge of Al legiance. but then also The best example is HOl/se Minority activists in the moderate wing had nOI cares about how that child spends the Leader Bob Michel, who quietly cam supJX)ned me. I carried New England by reS I of the day. Even in the most conser paigned ill favor of Gingrich's op seven to three; I was nom inated by Bill vative Orange County audiences I' ve pal/em. Ed Madigan. ill the March ..... hip Frenzel: Olympia Snowe seconded my received SJX)ntaneous applause about electioll, nominati on: and others like Steve our duty to all our children. Bill Gingrich. aformer history profes Gunderson and Claudine Sc hneider Ripon Forum: Let's stop there, be sor. is clearly comfortable with ideas. played major roles. So I regard myelec cause child care is al ready a controver As a fOUl/del' of (he COl/serraliw Op tion as acoalition victory for activists of sial issue. Last fall George Gi lder took pro(ul/ity Society. he has led thai grollp all Ih e ideological views of th e Ulah Senator Orrin Hatch 10 task in Na of HOllse Repuhlicalls ill their aim 10 Republican Pany. tional Review for Ihe Hatch-Johnson re{Jface liberal IIotiOlls of eqllality wilh One other reason we created two chief bill that would provide tax breaks for cOl/sen'ative ideas aiJollt opporillnity. deputy whips was 10 harness the pany's day care. Gilder said that the tax break JX) tential energy. By selecting Steve concept was too much. that government
RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 3 shou ldn't be involved at all wi th child concept in tenant manage ment and the ex istence of a corrupt. liberal wel care. ownership of low-income housing. That fare stale. Tom Kean has also helped me Gingrich: Cenainly some conserva empowers citizens. and says "You 're fonnu late thinking on a variety of is tives have said that government should not just a dient. you're a citizen. You sues, and many conservatives ha ve do noth ing. But my view is that since have real responsibilit y and real come to respect his innovative leader 1968 the country has pretty decisively authority." If you're truly going to be a ship. decided it docs not want a left ~w in g citizen. you have to have both oppor But of course. we're going to have ar president. The result has been a center~ tunity and responsibility. guments. This. frankly. should be excit right governing coali tion, which in On these issues we have a common ing to Ri pon Society members because cludes Jimmy Caner, who was an aber- bonding around a couple of premises. I believe in the pany of the "big tent." If ration. The first is that the corrupt , liberal we l you're large and energe ti c enough, you The count ry wants that coal ition to fare state has failed. Read "City for better wake up each morning and think govern , not juxtapose. So they're going Sale" by Jack Newfield and Wayne Bar about connict management. not connict to ask "What are your answers for so mett, or "Honest Graft" by Brooks Jack resolut ion. many working mothers? So many single son. You can see that there is a systemi heads-of-households?" A pany which call y corrupt , li beral welfare state. The says "We have no answer" or "Our process of givi ng some people enor There is almost a /lew syn answer is a cultural revolution which mous power and cullin g the m thesis evolving with the will ta ke genemtions, so in the mean bureaucrats. while depri vin g other classic moderate wing of time you ' ]] just have to suffer" is going peopl e of power and making them to be in a minority status. clients. rather than citizens, is in the the Republican Party alld What you're goi ng to see is an argu long run corrupting. That is best ex the conservative-activist ment between a governing conser pressed by Mario Varga L1 0sa in his in righ t wing. vati sm, which is pro-ac ti ve and wi lling troouction to "The Other PlIIh" by Her to solve problems with conservative nando DeSoto. values, and a more theoretical conser There is almost a new synthesis evolv Ripon Forum: So does Ih is signal a valism. That's not to speak ill of Gilder, ing wi th the classic mooerate wing of shift in your style? As you know. you've because his job as an intellectual is to the pan y, where. as a fonner Rock been c riticized by many as be ing abrasive. develop a yardstick for cultural change. efeller state chairman. I' ve spent most But developing solutions such as the of my life. and the conservative/acti vist Gingrich: Clearly. I am comfonable Orrin Hatch-Nancy Johnson tax credit right wi ng, You have work being done taking on Democmts. I would suggest to for child care, which provides a power by the Heritage Foundation as well as mooerales that the beSI example of this fu l, pro-family position based upon by such mooerates as Tom Petri. Petri is Theooore Roosevelt. parental choice, is a vastly more realis has extraordinarily broad suppon for his If you're the minority pany. you bet ti c response. It is based upon the real li ving wage concept, which re presents ter be able to generate attention. Yo u world and seeing people in real pain and an empowerment /citi zen choice re have to convince people that it is wonh real need. placement for the bureaucratic/corrupt , being pan of yo ur group. By definition, liberal welfare state. that means a willingness to fi ghl with the Democratic Pany. lfthe Democratic Since 1968 the country Ripon Forum: But how do yo u deter mine what a corrupt , liberal welfare Pany is okay. then why do we need has chosen a center-right state is? For example, Tom Kean , the Republ icans? If the Democrats do some coalition to govern, and it Republican governor of New Jersey, things Ihat are not okay. then isn't it our supports affirmative actio n and job to point that out? I just do that more does not want that coali- minority hiring quotas. He took Ihat enthusiasticall y and energetically Ihan tion to juxtapose. message into Newark's ghettos in 1985 has been the tradition in the last 40 and won 60 percent of the black vote. Is years. Now. the other 95 percent of the time, Ripon forum: But what happens on he part of the corrupt , liberal we lfare I've been bipanisan. Nonnan Minela. such issues as urban development , state? And how is Ihe Republican Pan)' going to attract more black votes, when Jim Oberslar or Frank Anunzio can tell where conservatives historically have you that. I've worked wit h them on opposed government spending? Will many of the middle-class blacks it is tar House committees. I also helped found the center-right coalition hold? Or will geting have benefited from programs the Military Refonn Caucus. although it splinter when more activist, govern you might call pan of the liberal welfare the Washington Post doesn't put that ment-oriented solutions are needed? state? Gingrich: This will get the part y into on page one. If you get involved in a Gingrich: There's going to be a lot of controversy. then that becomes the mes nrguing, but I don't think it will splinter. a very healthy and fundamental debate. But let me say that Tom Kean is a good merizing event that people remember In Tedd y White's "The Making of The you by. In general. where confrontati on President" from 1960, you wi ll find a example of the complex it y of where we're going. He challenged the corrup is needed. I'm willing to do that. But description of Theooore Rooseve lt and where honest bipartisanshi p is possible. an ac tive conservatism. That is the tion of Jersey'scit y school systems, and in taki ng the state 's school districts over I'm going to be real practical. mooe1 I've had in my mind for 28 years. Ripon forum: Where will that be? For example, we now ha ve a great from the local machines he highlighted Gingrich: It starts with th e mec h an i c~
4 RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 of running the House. I also think the of everyone except the moSt ri gidly the West through the Homestead Act. Democrats look fo rward 10 wOrking ideological. Even Barry Goldwater used setting up the Agricultural Agent sys with someone who is pan of the pany's to say about the Central Ari zonia tem, or any of the innovations which activist wi ng. Democrats were con Project. that there are moments when made this such an extraordinary place. cerned that if the activist wing had been conservatism has to be rethought. My challenge to all Republicans is to fru strated by the recent whip election, it But the fact is that Newt Gingrich inve nt the systems and the approaches would have been impossible to have doesn't run New York, Jersey City, that allow human beings to help them working agreements. Now, we'll have a Newark. Washington, D.C .. Philadel selves. to think th rough the replacement whip system in the classic sense of the phia, Detroit and Chicago. For my en for the misgovernance of New York word. We'll be able to work the entire tire life the Democrats have. City that will allow its citi zens to help Republican Conference and get it to sus The collective resJXInsibility for the themselves. Then you' ll have a re mark tain Bob Michel's leadership. For ex Democratic Pany as an institution for able explosion of energy and opJXIr ample, we'll be able to make an agree the destructive misgovernance of tuni ty. Ce ntralized governme nt ment on how to bring the cont ra bi ll'to America 's major cities has been one of giveaways through politic ians and the floor and support that agreement. the great secrets and scandals of 20th unioni zed bureaucrats just guarantee century America. They have convinced the focus on the acquisition of power Of COllrse, we' re going to all of us in the Republican Pany thar it and invites the systemic corruption is somehow necessary to look at which now dominates all big cities and have argllments. This, children suffering in the South Bronx, is at the core of our domestic problems. frankly, should be very ex but you're not allowed to look at the city Ripon Forum: Our former chairman. gove rnment whic h has crippled Jim Leach, has said that Republicans citing 10 Ripon Society children. destroyed fa milies. ruined have a traditional base in indi vidual members becallse I believe neighborhoods and ex ploited the tax ri ghts and that during the early pan of in the party of the "big payer. All of those mach ines are this century Democrats were the pany Democratic. lent." Ripon Forum: Several years ago you My challenge to all described yourself as a "Jeffersonian This just makes running an important populi st." Could you please ex pl ain Republicans is to in vent institution like the House easier. that? the systems and ap Ripon Forum: But it's also goi ng to Gingrich: It 's one of the JXIints I make require building consensus, which re to conservati ves who often describe proaches that allow hllman quires compromise. themselves as "Jeffersonian conserva beings 10 help themselves, Gingrich: We're now at the vision tives." It usually means they want pas to think through the re level of developing an honest, conserva sive. lean, inacti ve government. That I live opportunity society. Any Democmt would never favor, nor did Jefferson. He placemellI for the mis who waniS to help in that grand adven bought half a continent, sent the Navy governance of cities like ture, we want in the room. Any to TriJXIli. and sent a scientific expedi Democrat who wants cooperati on onl y tion half-way across the U.S. when that New York. at the cost of a corrupt, liberal welfare was a longer trip than going to Mars state, we fran kl y don 't want. We want toda y. of opportu nity. Now. Leach says, to figh t and we want to say that. The The Founding Fathers were practical Republicans are properly stressing op single greatest change you're goi ng to men who wa nted a system that remained ponunit y. but are at risk of losing some see in domes ti c JXI litics in the next th ree free and worked at a practical level for of their individ ual rights tradition. The years is the rising legitimacy of chal human beings. Their vision of America party has backed off its supJXIn for the lenging the Democratic National Com was a successful. RIPON FORUM , MAY 1989 5 post· Reagan president by African lion and the coloni7..ation of the Third then why were there mass problems in Ameri cans. who feel he and Barbara are World are liberalism's two great con the cities in the 1%Os? Why was there truly commilled to their well-being. tributions to the 201h century. And they a push for initiatives like urban develop None of us in the conservati ve wing of often did that in the face of conservative ment? the party appreciated the degree to indifference or hostility. Gingrich: You had a massive di srup which we were sending the signal to But quotas are wrong on three ti on in the '60s because of the energy African- Americans that we inade grounds. First, they suppress individual surge of the baby boomers, the luck of quately appreciated their fears of re abilities in the nameofa block mentality civil ri ght s. the Vietnam War. the segregation and of being depri ved of the which is antithetical to the "Ameri can qualities of Johnson and Nixon as com ri ghts which they've held for less than a Dream," Second. they send the signal municated to the younger generation . generation. I give credit to people like that the way you get ahead is to manipu and the left's critique of American Jim Leach who understood this. He late a political system. This is connected society which said basically, "If it's made a contribut ion to a very healthy to corruption because you end with authority, you ought to spit on it ." Those debate within our pany and our country. people who hire o ne African things became a cocktail disorder which Hav ing said that. let me pick up the Ameri can to head a storefront opera affected whites in Columbia as much as argument. The Republican Party has to tion. That is mi sleading. and the they affected African-Americans in be the party of individual rights and in African-American gets involved in the ghello. dividual opportunity. It should be foraf decei ving the government so that the finnative action but against minorit y company can muintain the contl"dCt. As the speaker and the quotas. There's a big difference. If a Third, quotas send exactly thc wrong young person of any ethnic background signal to poor people. It says that they whip, Jim Wright and I is inadequately educated in math, we are going to get justice through political work together. We are for should fi nd a way to have compensatory action and that justice is going 10 redress math so that person can try for the best the past. That issimply. his torically, not mal and polite, [but] he math or engineering scholarship in true. It's not the way the world works. wishes that I weren't in the America. The problem with quotas is The more power there is in a political room, and I wish that he that they say, "For reasons that have system. the more the powerful exploit it. nothing to do wi th you as a person, New York has n't ended up a dream weren'tlhe speaker, we're going to punish yo u. We're going world for the poor. It has become a place to puni sh you if you come from one eth where Donald Trump manipulates the There also wa~ a belief in governmcnt nic background in order to reward you game. power which had been fostered by the if you come from another ethnic bac.k The message thaI a poor African First World War and refocused by ground." Quotas are contradictory to the American o ught to be gelling is: World War II. It's no accident that John desi re for an integrated America be "You 're right. you're poor You see it Kenneth Galbraith 's formati ve ex· cause they put a premium on figuring every morning: therefore you beller pc ri ence was be ing in Washington out who you are ethnically. wo rk longer hours. go to school longer. during the Second World War. For a do more homework, study harder, and very brief period. well-educated people The liberal commitment save more because only by intense per althecenterofnational power can order sonal and family effon will you climb an economy and gain a surge of un· 10 ending segregation and out of the ghello." Every group in believable energy. That doesn't last the colonization of th e American hi story which has applied morc than fi ve years. but if we had to those values. including West Indian mobilize the nalion next week that kind Third World are blacks. have risen within a generation of centrali zed command bureaucracy is liberalism's two great and a half. unbelievably powerfu l. contributions 10 the 20th Ripon Forum: But the black culture The diffi culty is that. beyond three-to has been the only one to li ve with the live years, it begins to develop feed century, residue of sla very, and real barriers back mechanisms of distonion and in stood in the way of those who worked accuracy. What we've discovered over Ripon Forum: I don't know anyone hard. This has led to the fail ure of some the last 20 years is that the world that en who can defend quotas as a theoretical blacks to become fully integrated into riches politicians is the world that en ly sound concept, but on the other ha nd America society. ric hes a handful of millionaire de black Americans were not all owed into Gingrich: ThaI'S statisticall y not true. velopers. white corridors until the 1954 school The average African- American fami Ripon Forum: leI's shift to some desegregation decision and the 19605 ly was vastl y more likel y to stay more questi ons about the Republ ican Party. civi l rights movement. Those actions united in 1960 and ":,as ri sing out of Aft er eight years of perhaps the most were only a generation ago. so have we poveny, Read Charles Murray's indict· conservative administratio n in reall y had enough time to test the ex men! in of the war on poveny and the Ame rican history. what empirical periment in desegregation? welfare state in "Losi ng Gro und: evidence exists that the GOP has actual Gingrich: All Americans owe liberal American Social Policy, 1950-1980," ly broadened its base? There has been ism a great debt for having foughl so Ripon Forum: If those black some increase in voter identification passionately to end segregati on. The Americans were ri sing out of poverty, with the GOP, but the party lost control li beral commitment to ending segrega- 6 RIPON FORUM . MAY 1989 • of the Senate and has fewer House seats will change under their own weight, than in 1980. Ripon Forum: Let's go to a final sub Gingrich: Well. first, to say "some" ject. Now thaI you're the House increase is an understatement. We have 1111111 Republican whip. how will you deal gone from being clearly the minority with Jim Wright . against whom you've party by almost two-ta-one in the late been instrumental in developing ethics 1970s to ncar parity. charges? But in large pan the realignment did G ingrich: As the speaker and as the not build below the presidency because whip, we work together. We are fonnal of [fonner Democratic Congressional and polite. and we are able to talk to Campaign Commillee chair] Tony each other, Obviously, there's no per Coehlo's brilliance as the second most sonal friendship, He wishes that I successful politician of the 1980s afler weren't in the room. and I wish that he Ronald Reagan. Also, there is the fac i weren't the speaker. In that sense, this that the Republican Pany is tragically is not going to be a friendly relalionship, too smail , 100 unprofessional and 100 but it can be a professional relationship, weak 10 be the governing pany. We Ripon Forum: You recently told a need 10 uiple the size of the current GOP television interviewer that you thought - not the Republican National Com Jim Wright wou ld not be speaker by minee, but the actual pany. The local June. Do you sti ll think that is true? level has to triple in size before we're Bill McKenzie. I.. Newt Gingrich, r. G ingrich: I will be very surprised if Tom Foley is not speaker by the end of I will be very surprised if summer. from Milwaukee's inner city who ran Tom Foley is not speaker for Congress last year as a Republican. by the end of summer. If those people who want to focus on bringing minorities into the pany were to focus on electing delegates in those Don't You Think It 's Time seriously competitive. That's a huge job states, they would have the votes to You Resubscribed To The and noOOdy has tack led it. change the rules, Much like the Mc Ripon Forum? Ripon Forum: How do you do that? Governites, we look for mechanical Or Maybe Share Our Gingrich: By developing a positive change to allow us to avoid hard work. Magazine With Your Friends? agendaofacaring. humanitarian rcfonn Ripon Forum: But this is rem in iscent party. and by developing and winning of what people said about civil rights For $25 You Can Do This the argument over the existence of a cor during the 196Os, Just work hard and Today! Tupt, libel"',ll welfare state, you could you'll get there, That sentiment ignored rally over 80 percent of the vOle. Then the arcane rules that prohibited integra Send A Check or Money you could convince people it's th eir job tion, even if people worked hard and Order To: to be active. tried to get ahead. Ripon Forum: LeI me ask you a Gingrich: To say that segregation, The Ripon Society specific question about party growth. which was a pervasive. government-en 6 Library COUrl S.E. GOP delegate allocution rules have a forced di scrimination, was wrong. and Washington. D,C. 20003 bias towards smaller. non -i ndustrial to conclude from that you should focus Slaies. Larger, industrial Slates such as on inherently minor rules, doesn't get California. Pennsylvania and Tex as you far. I'm not saying this in defense have fewer delegates per capita. They of the rules. but in defense of the argu also have more minorities thun smaller ment that if you went to Georgia and or states. There' s been a movemenl to ganized Hispanic. Asian and African The Ripon Educational refonn this bias. which could open the American voters. you would probably Fund's Mark O. Hatfield pany to more minorities. What is your control five congressional districts in a Scholarship Is Now Accepting view of this change? year. Proposals For Summer And Gingrich: I don't know how I would Ripon Forum: Yes, but why not do Fall 1989. vote. I haven't looked at the issue very both? Why not have rights and oppor much. tunity? I would say that the RepUblican Pany Gingrich: Given limited resources. J For Details, Please Contact: in most states is sufficientl y small don't think many people, outside those The Ripon Educational Fund, enough, so that if you went and passionate ly committed to the 6 Library Court, S.E., recruited a new generation of people. Republican dialectic, will ever respond Washinglon, D.C. 20003. you could have a remarkable impact toa battle cry over the rules. I'm in favor getting minorities involved. Look at of recruiting good candidates and Helen Barnhill, the African-American developing good ideas, Then the rules RIPON FORUM, MAY 1989 7 EDITORIALS The FSX, America and Japan (In which confusion spawns hostility and poor public policy) he rag ing controversy o ve r Suddenl y, the sound of Japan-bashing built military aircraft in more than 30 whether the United States should became an intoxicated roar. A "hand years. T cooperate in developing Japan 's out" to Japan. thundered an op-ed by Neither do most U.S. allies. The com next-generation jet fighter. the FSX, is fonner Reagan trade official Clyde mon practi ce is to build U.S. designs acknowledged by both sides as merely Prestowitz. Jr.. who warned that Japan under license; indeed, according to the tip of the iceberg. What seemed at will use the latest U.S . technology, fonner Defense Secretary Frank Car firs! like a simple matter of Japanese developed at great cost to the taxpayer. lucci. ten nations are currentl y involved aircraft procurement is creating shock to poach on the global aerospace in in building the F-16. There was no jin waves thai rattle U.S.-Japan ti es, as well dusu y. Prestowitz also accused Japan goistico utcry several years ago when an as American defense and trade leader of "diverting scarce defe nse dollars" Euro pean consortium rej ected co ship towards friendl y nations all over rather than truly expanding its defense development of a new fi ghter based on the world. of East Asia and other trouble spots. the F- 16, and opted instead for inde In our opinion, a decision by the U.S. Congressional resolutions of di sap pendent development. The Economist or Japan 10 withdraw from co-develop proval gained wide support. The Pen noted the double standard and called il ment, or to sharply restrict the coopera tagon power vacuum and jostling within "Nippophobia," adding: "It is hard 10 ti ve nalUre of it, would be disastrous to the Bush administration meant intra imagine America quibbling about [the American interest. The anti-FSX gove rnment advocates were heavily FSXj ifits partner were, say, West Ger hysteria induced by large trade deficits outgunned by oppone nts. including many is driving us further from the real U.S. Commerce chief Robert Mosbacher and Another mistaken idea is that the FSX Japan challenge. which is achieving Trade Ambassador Carla Hills. will actuall y increase the U.S. burden in closer ties that s tre ng the n our defending Japan and allied imerests economies and mutual security. While most public com throughout Asia. Japan should spend In the mid-1980s, Japan announced more on defense, say some, but not on that by 1997 it would replace its aging ment is highly critical, it is wasteful projects like the FSX. This 'wing of ground support fi ghters with an riddled with/aully reason re asoning is nawed in twO respects. all-ne w , inde pende ntl y-develo ped First, few reali ze that Japan already plane. Pe ntagon and U.S. officials ing and inaccurate/acts. spends nearly as much on defense as quickly made the case that American One mistaken idea is that Great Britain. France or West Gennany fi ghters like the F-15 and F- 16 are the the FSX will actually in (more - if. li ke the Europeans, one in best in the world. and could be acquired cludes the cost of veterans' pensions). at one-half to one-third the cost of an in crease the U.S. burden in Some 300 combat aircraft protect dependent Japanese effort. de/ending Japan and allied Japanese ai rspace (about as many Under American pressure stemming protect the continental United States); from growing trade imbalances, the interests throughout Asia. the island nation possesses more than Japanese finally agreed 10 "co-develop" double the number of U.S. destroyers a new plane. buying the F-16 blueprints But while most public commem is and submarines in the Western Pacific. and sharing 35 -45 percent of the $8 bi l highly critical, it is riddled with faulty During the 19805, the Japanese have lion project with U.S. finns. But the jet reasoning and inaccurate facts. For ex also begun to pick up the entire tab for w ill f eature advanced Japa nese ample. Congressman Mel Levine, a basing U. S. forces in their country. "stealth" wings and miniaturized radar. Cal ifornia Democrat. insists that if the While the Japanese defense effort, still Since November. agreements have been Japanese were "serious [about] reduc only about one percent of GNP (com signed by the two governments. and by ing their massive trade surplus with the pared to 6-7 percent for the U.S . and 3- Texas-based Gene ral Dynamics and United States. they would buy these 4 percent for Europe), may need to be Mitsubishi Heavy Indusuies of Japan, planes directl y from us." What Mr. larger. most do not realize it has grown specifying licensing fees, royalties, Levine and others who make the same steadily since the 19705. technology swaps. and the di vision of plea fail to realize is that Japan produces Second, there is something arrogant labor during the development phase. more than 90 pe rcent of it s own and contradictory in the way U.S. legis- weaponry. and has not bought a foreign- 8 RIPON FORUM , MAY 1989 lators demand that Japan spend more on free of cost, as well as a share of the Japan 's rise beyond the U.S. in creditor defense. and then attempt to dictate that design and production work. On paper status and per capi ta GNP, have com country's defense policies. One con that's an excell ent deal, and U.S. bined to convince many in Washington gressional repon. expressing the con defense contractors are salivating for that we must retrench militarily and ventional wisdom on "burden sharing," Japanese high-tech advances. But fight back economi call y to try and blandly noted that "burd en sharing is critics like Prcstowitz scoff at American reverse the bleak prospects ahead. also power sharing, and ... as the allies nai vete, JX.linting to a history of joint pick up more of the responsibility for ventures in which the Japanese gained We need a good, enforce defending themselves, the United States ascendancy using U.S . technology. tar should be prepared to cede some geted industrial JX.llicy, slow-to-non-ex able FSX deal because in decision-making power and control." istent cooperation, and home market duslly in both the U.S. and Well. where is that humility now? barriers. FSX opJX.lnents like Mr. Levine claim Based on experience, therefore, the Japan can make good use Japan needs the new plane right now, U.S. should drive a hard bargain. Presi of advances in technology. not sometime in the I 990s, a statement dent Bush is entirely correct to seek a which has never been made by the clearer understanding from Japan on the There is a kernel of truth in these Japanese themselves. If anything, fan "co-" part of development and produc movements, but taken to their extremes, ning the flames of mistrust and resent ti on . But Bush's diplomatic touch and as they have been in the case of the FSX, ment will make it tougher to reach follow through will be imJX.lrtalll be they are a fonn of jujitsu on the ideas agreement on more equitable burden cause again, the petulant. "hard-liner" that led to our postwar security and sharing. JX.lsition is based on something mmier prosperity. It was not just "circumstan The most troubling argument made by than the facts. ces" like American hegemony that led FSX opponents is that it wi ll undennine First, as Harvard professor Roben to 40 years of peace and unprecedented the American aerospace industry, cur Reich has explained, the "techno economic growth and defense coopera rently the nation's top eXJX.lrter with a nationalist" notion of "American" tech tion among the sphere of nations who $ 17.1 billion surplus in 1988. Over the nology which we can protect behind na championed free minds, free trade and last fi ve years. Japan has been tional borders is meaningless in a world cultural exchange. The astounding suc America's largest single customer in of telecommunication. open uni ver cess of that enlightened policy is what both commercial and military aviation. si ti es and tight defense alliances. A has led to ~ U.S. decline, but an but our share of the global market is JX.llicy of value to everyone concerned obsession with absolute decline ignores shrinking. and Japan has long sought a would put more investment in QUI en sources of strength and policies aimed healthy aviation sector of its own. gineers. workers and productive at reinforcing them. capaci ty, rather than hindering those of We need a good, en forceable FSX deal The anti-FSX hysteria in our trading partners. Second, no one has because industry in both the U.S . and offered a satisfactory explanation of Japan can make good use of advances in duced by large trade how the manufacture of battle radar. su technology. As Mr. Carlucci pointed deficits is driving usfur personic engines or "stealth" wings out, it is difficult and entirely specula therfrom the real U.S. poses any threat to the production of ti ve to see how torpedoing this deal will commercial aircraft here - and in materially help American workers. By Japan challenge, which is cidentally, the U.S. commercial avia working together, Japan will acquire a achieving a stronger cot/ ti on industry favors this deal and more beller aircraft that provides better cooperative ventures with the Japanese. defense to Japan, and therefore, to the senslls on policies that Finall y. under Japan 's anti-military entire region. strengthen our economies constitution (w hich we wrote), govern And fina ll y, we need a positive out and mutual security. ment policy and public opinion staunch come on the FSX because as President ly prohibit the eXJX.lrt of war materiel. Bush to ld then-Prime Minister Only a major shock in consensus-orien Takeshita in January. "We need each In this area. FSX critics needle one of tated Japan would allow for the eXJX.lrt other." Japan needs our military protec the rawest nerves in America: the steady of jet fighters or their components, tion and diplomatic assistance as it ad decline of once-healthy industries like which means, paradoxically. that U.S. JU Sts to a growing role in the world. The electroni cs, autos. computer chips and withdrawal from or drastic limits on the United States needs Japanese suppon as others at the hands of mercantili st, ex FSX deal could lead to the very pol icy we devote more resources 10 the long JX.lrting nations like South Korea and -- development of an independent teon health of our economy. We're Japan. Th ere is also a lin gering Japanese aerospace industry -- feared teaching Japan about American open headache from the 1987 incident in most by U.S. critics. ness and innovation, whi le Japan which high-tech items were sold by At the bottom of all the fuss is the teaches us something about consensus Japanese and Norwegian firms to the fashionable idea that the U.S. is locked and teamwork. The nasty spat about Soviets. helping them to leapfrog ahead in an inevitable economic and military FSX, if not reversed, will be a set back in the high-stakes submarine arms race. decline. Two recent events, the publica for those imperatives to confinn, rather As currently written, the FSX agree tion of Yale historian Paul Kennedy's than re verse, U.S. decl ine. • ment requires Japan to share innovative "Rise and Fall of the Great Powers," and -Dale £ Curtis technology developed for the fighter. RIPON FORUM, MAY /989 9 A "Golden Borders" Proposal BY MARK UNCAPHER AND RUSSELL GEORGE purpose of which is to hel p new merica's protectionist immigra Consider how few of Ihe Americans achieve productive citi zen tion policy fails the test of ship. A American val ues and should be millions of immigrants who replaced with a new policy 10 beller have come to America IMMJGRA TlO ~ REFORM identify and assist new Americans who ATTEMPTS can contribute to our country. OUT CUT throughout our history re nt immigration admissions policy. could have qualified ullder uring most of the early eighties. w hich see k s to shelter c urrent our current admissions Congress grappled with the emo Americ;ms fro m competition by suc D system. tionally charged immigration question. cessful immigrant s. reflects "zero-sum" The result was the Immigration Reform thinking thai regards any success as in and Control Act of 1986. While the law evitably coming at another's expense. America throughout our history could addressed the widespread frumation For a nalion thaI celebrates the spirit of have qualified under our current admis wi th the immigration system. it failed to freedom and opportunity thaI attracted sions system. Many of our most talented address directly the admissions process. so many. such an immigration policy is and producti ve immigrants would have I.nstead. it left in place unrealistically the antithesis of American principles. fa iled to meet the occupational or fami low quotas and restrictive admissions Perh aps because of the large influx of ly reunification quotas. Sti ll more requirements. illegal aliens. Americans are generally would have been kept out by the annual The law can best be understood as a unaware of the difficulty faced by ceiling of20.000 from anyone country. pol itical compromise between two potential immigrants in obtaining legal The basic weakness of the current sys groups: I ) those attempting to pennanent admission to the U.S. The tem is twofold: it does nOi seek to iden regulari ze the legal status of millions of existing admissions process is. in fact. a tify po tentiall y productive future undocumented alie ns through the am complex and legali sti c maze. American citizens and secondly. it does nesty program; and 2) the group seek The fi rst step toward citizenshi p. per not establish any process designed to as ing to discourage illegal immigration manenl entry as a resident al ien. is sist immigrants 10 make an effecti ve through more effective enforcement of limited under a ti ghtly defined system transit ion to citizens hip. ( Family existing law with legal sanctions against of quotas. Eighty percent of the 270.000 relationship alone is a weak basis for employers who hire undocumented annual ent ry slots are reserved for fami concluding a potential immigrant is aliens. The amnesty provisions recog ly reunification. These are for the im likely to contribute to the U.S.) The nize the inescapable fact that mil lions of mediate re lati ves of Americans. such as basic purpose of our proposals is to undocumented aliens are leading large their spouses. c hildren, brothers and broaden the objectives of our immigra ly productive Ji ves in the U.S .. but face sisters. The remaining 20 percent of the tion policy to incorporate these two al potential deportation in th e event of entry slOis are restricted by occupation tern ative objectives. detection. The re gularization of their al quotas for either those of exceptional We propose that pri vate. voluntary so legal status is a substantial benefit of the ability in the ans and sciences. or for cial service. heritage groups. employers law. work ers with skills in shon supply in the and local governments be pennined to Employer sanctions require U.S. Still others may qualify undera dif sponsor individual immigrants for ad employers to veri fy the citizenship of ficult labor certification process. requir mission into the U.S. The sponsoring newly-hired employees with the inspec ing the alien and his or her employer 10 groups would undertake to assist these tion of documentation of citizenship. prove that no qualified U.S. workers are immigrants with job and language train Employees who persistently hire un available to fill the entrants job. Those ing, medical care and remedial educa documented aliens are subject to qualify ing under the family reunifica tion. The sponsors would help their criminal sanctions. The sanctions issue tion and occupational quotas are also selected aliens make a quick transition mises a variety of deeply troubl ing is subject 10 an annual ceiling of 20. 10 RIPON FORUM, MAY 1989 because our immigration process has this underclass are likely to grow cyni largely been swamped by illegal im cal abqut American laws. institutions By retaining the admis migration. And that immigration is a and values. The members ofthissubcul function of the fact that few oppor lure will have strong incenti ve to avoid sions quota system, the Im tunities exist for legal entry other than any sustained contac t with th e migration Control Act family reunification. mainstream of American life. This non We believe that employer sanctions assimilation of a large segment of our fosters the development of are not likely to significantly deter il population is the exact opposite of what an illegal, unemployable legal immigration. Millions of the un a n imm ig ra ti o n policy' shou ld underclass. documented aliens now in the U.S. have accomplish. subjected themselves 10 the risk of arrest and deportation in the event of detec PROPOSAL sary financial wherewithal to carry out tion. In 1987 over one million aliens their financial plan. Sponsors who have were deported. Illegal immigration has uccessfu l refonn of our immigra had continued success in assisting im continued because many presented with Stion system should begin with the migrants would be pennitted to sponsor the choiceofliving il legall y in America, admissions process. Our recommenda additional immigrants. Unsuccessful or remaining in their home count ry, tions are directed towards identifying programs would be denied further spon have chosen to come to the U.S. those potential Americans who arc most sorshi p opportunities. likely to contribute to Ameri can life and A sponsorship program would be We propose that private, establishing a process to encourage flexible enough to adjust the numbers their swift transition to productive admitted to accommodate the capacity voluntary social service or citizenship. Such a change in objectives of spon soring agencies to assist im ganizations, heritage requires a fundamental shift in the migrants and with the potential of the philosophy of our immigrant system. immigrants themselves. Resident aliens groups, local governments By welcoming more immigrants who partic ipating in the s ponsorship and employers be per would have been denied admission program would not be subject to the an mitted to sponsor in under the strict quota system, we will nual ceiling of 270.000 resident aliens. reduce the number of illegal im The s ponsorship progra m would dividual immigrants fa the migrants. This will enable us to focus operate in addition to the opportunities U.S. better our law enforcement resources for admission to the U.S. toward apprehending undesirable il The manner of initial contact between Mounting evidence indicates that legal ent raills. the sponsoring group and the immigrant We propose that pri vate, ... olumary so many employers have responded to the wou ld depend upon the sponsor. Some cial servi ce organizations, heritage new immigration law by discriminating may rely upon referrals from the U.S. groups, local governmen ts and against "alien" looking job applicants. government. Others could develop their employers be pcnnitted to sponsor in This is true even though the Immigra own networks of agencies in home dividual immigrants to the U.S. These tion Control Act specificall y prohibits countries to assist in the referral process. sponsored immigrant s would not be discrimination based upon national The sponsoring groups would be free to subject 10 the annual ceilings comained ori gin or citi zenship. A commission ap make their own deternlination about in the admissions quota system. The pointed by New York Governor Mario whether to sponsor an immigrant. We sponsoring group would be responsible Cuomo found that many employers no w expect that many sponsoring groups for the necessary health and social ser avoid hiring employees whose ap would specialize in assisting im vices of the immigrant for a transitional pearance suggests they may be aliens migrants of particular nationalities. period of five to seven years. In return, even when they are legall y qualified 10 drawing support from many who have the s ponsored immigrant wou ld be hired. already come to America from these cooperate with the sponsor, using its By retaining the admissions quota sys countries. The program wou ld also be resources, such as job training and lan open 10 employers, such as employers tem, the Immi gr~ion Control Act guage education, to reach economic fosters the development of an ill egaL who wish to help a valued foreign na self-sufficiency and full participation in unemployable underclass. While tional emigrate to the U.S. Once the Ameri can life. employers in mainstream enterprises sponsoring group decides to put forth an Many voluntary organizations already may comply with employers' sanctions, individual, the INS review would be penonn a diversified range of scrvices many undocumented aliens do find limited to determining that the im for immigrants. Historicall y the volun ready employment in such enterprises migram does not fai l to meet the basic tary sector has been very active in help as sweatshops or "off-the-books" non-quota requirements for entry. ing new arrivals adjust to American life. employers. The unimended effect of the The s pecifi c range of services The sponsorship program is a logical Immigration Refonn and Control Act is provided by the s ponsoring group extension of the role already penonned that a substantial segment of our per would depend on the needs of the spon manent population wi ll remain com by these agencies. sored immigrant. Clearly those with Initiall y sponsors would present the pletely outside the economic and cul readily marketable skil ls will req uire Immigration and Naturali7..at ion Service tural mainstream, and will have few less than someone needing job training with a plan of assistance for potential avenues for escape. Those trapped in and language education. Most all will immigrants, demonstrating the neces- RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 /I require heailh insurance coverage until from newcomers. or that immigrant suc they can obtain it on the ir own or CONCLUSION cess must come at the expense of other through an employer. The objective of Americans. all these services is to help the im U.S. immigration policy mu st Throughout American hi story. our migrant reach economic self-sufficien demonstrate America's willingness to society has been distinguished by a wil l cy and full participation in American accommodate positive change in the fu ingness to welcome immigrants into our life. The laller objective generally in ture. The current standards for admis midst. The Founding Fathers foresaw cl udes English language skills, since sion indicate an un will ingness by the need for manpower in thei r new na En g lish proficiency ex pands the policymakers to consider the many con tion. and earl y immigration policies immigrant 's ability to participate fully tributions that ambitious. innovative show an awareness that newcomers to in American life. The "full participa men and women cou ld make to our na America could enrich us all. It is incum tion" objective is also intended to give tion if provided wi th an environment bent on current American policymakers weight to non-economic measures of an that fosters this in itiati ve; an atmos to draw upon the success of earlier im indi vidual's contributions to American phere in which the only limitations that migration policies to ensure growth and cu ltural , scientific and civic life. We an individual faces are those an in opportunity. Our proposal, re lying upon need to recognize the success of im dividual places on himself or herself. private initiative by Americans to assist migrant children in the educational sys We reject the implicit assumption of our new immigrants to become productive tem, or the successful entrepreneurship current immigration admissions system Americans, reflects the spirit of of an immigrant employing others. that Americans need to be protected American values at their best. • The GOP's Stake in a "Golden Borders" Immigration Policy Despite the inescapable conclusions generate jobs. markets and ideas. BY KENNETH J. GROSSBERGER that Republican values lead us to sup Republicans of all stripes can unite be port less restrictive immigration. few hind the "golden borders" proposal of mmigration reform should make have embraced the issue. If we are private sponsorship of immigrant entry. Republicans take a long hard look in honest wi th ourselves. we must ac It expresses our common Republican I the mirror. Conside r for a moment knowledge that tOO many Republ icans values on behalr of economic and in immigration refonn 's philosophical and are most comfortable politically with dividual opportunity and contains none political implica ti ons. We value free their socio-economic peers. Yet ifbeing of the soc ial and rights issues that divide and open markets, individual oppor a Republican is about values. then we us. The sponsorship idea. in fact, is an tuni ty free from government intrusion must show more vision. Many party excellent expression or the "thousand and a cosmo po lita n international conservatives have often been more points or light" that President Bush has perspective. When these val ues are ap vocal than progressives in pressing for promoted. plied to immigration policy, don', they the inclusion of those outside th e Republicans can emerge as the demand support for less restrictive im "country club sel." Jack Kemp in par authentic advocates fo r millions of new migration laws? ticular has expressed a broad vision or Americans. Consider that in about two Ripon's "golden borders" proposal our party as an instrument of oppor decades Asians. blacks and Hispanics renects Republican values at their best. tunity formillions not affi liated with us. will make up mo re than half of It draws upon the private and non-profit Of course, opposi ti on to freer im- Cal ifornia's population. Millions will sector to sponsor and assist aliens to be migration also comes rrom many embrace the Ameri can dream of oppor come fully productive American liberals, DemocI".i1s and labor leaders tunity forthemselves and their fami lies. citizens. It also reduces the complex who fear possible job competition. They Immigratio n rerorm defi nes Re system of quotas that now exist. assume that the best way to help the un publicans not as the party of white. The Ripon proposal enlarges freedom derclass and less advantaged is to deny upper-middle class men. but as the of opportunity, without un leashing opportunity to others. They believe the champions of expanded opportunit y. mass stampedes that America cannot economy is static; that one person's gain When RepUb licans stand up for rights accommodate. It is based upon the must come at another person's expense. and opport unity, we reaffinn our values. philosophy inherent in the Statue of This opposition to freer immigration When we reaffinn our values, we are Liberty, not the statute of limitations. renects an anti-market. pess imistic. the most likely to attract others to share paternalistic orientation towards social our politics. • Kennelh 1. Grossherger was lIatiollal and economic policy. Immigration op presidem of the Ripon Society from ponents fa il to appreciate the oppor 1985-1987 and is a bllsiness e:o:ecuril'e tunities created by immigrants who in New York City. 12 RIPON FOR UM, MAY 1989 TIlE RIPON FORUM "Celebrates the Middle .. . " Subscribe Now to the Ripon Forum The Washington Post o Yes! Send me a fu ll year of the Ripon Forum for only "Required reading for progressive $25 Repuhlicans"-TIME Magazine o Enclosed is a contribution to the Ripon Society: "Positioning itself to be the voice of the Party's $ ---- future"-The Boston Globe ead by Members of Congress, leading jour R nali sts, political activists, and especiall y Name those interested in the direction of the Repub lican Party. Address ApI. II The Ripon Forum brings you six issues a year filled with fresh & provocative debate on the subjects of our day. profiles of outstanding Cily Slate Zip mainstrea m Republicans, book reviews, and (o plional) political news from around the nation. The Ripon Forum. The only magazine of its kind. Don 't miss an issue. Occupation Po litical Inlerests/Activities Please make checks payble to: THE RIPON SOCIETY 6 Library Court, SE Washington, DC 20003 Phone II "A search for values in "A provocative collection the post-Reagan era." of essays ... brimming -The Des Moines Register The Ripon Society with new ideas." offers -The Washington Post A NEWER WORLD: THE PROGRESSIVE REPUBLICAN VISION OF AMERICA EDITED BY REP. JAMES LE ACH AND WILLIAM P. McKE NZIE Written by Members o/Congress, Ambassadors, Cabinet Members and Ripon Forum Editors. - This book proposes solutions for tclday's problems For your copy. please send $ 14.95 to: And a guide for tomorrow. The Ripon Society 6 Library Ct .• SE Washington. DC 20003 RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 13 FOODASAWEAPONOFWAR HAS THE UNITED STATES DONE ENOUGH TO STOP IT? BY DA VID A. FUSCUS ast year a quarter of a million Sudanese famine and how has the Bush u they saw it as the last maw and Africans died because relicf administration managed to accomplish rebelled. L planes didn't land. food convoys more in four months than Reagan did in In 1984. I spent several weeks in didn't roll and both sides in a nasty civil four years? Sudan and recall my first day in the war used food as a weal>on. This year Sudan has been riddled with many count ry. I had just completed a three day the si tuation is improving but as many problems over the past 30 years: two trip down the Nile from Egypt on a as 100,000 humun beings stand to die a civil wars, a dictator. ethnic problems, crowded steamer and landed in a dusty horrible death from disease, wa r and lack of economic development and vi llage called Wadi Haifa . After an hour starvation. famine. Yet the Sudanese have abun in Sudan, I saw 10 people whipped, one The United Stales government has dant natural resources like undeveloped until he was unconscious. from drinking helped fight this tragedy. but if enough oil reserves and large tracts of fertile alcohol. had been done. why did Congressman land. In fact, the Sudan could have be "Sharia" is a harsh system of law that Gary Ackenmm (D-NY) recently pose come a breadbasket for Africa. a poten can prevade and define a society. thi s quest ion during a congressional tial that has never been realized. At the beginning of the war. hostilities hearing; "When the hi story of thi s were small and consisted mainly of whole thing is wriUen. are we [the The situation is tragic sporadic encounters between forces and United Stales I going to be regarded as the rebels, the Sudanese People's accomplices in this horrendous policy wilh an estimated 250,000 Liberation Anny (SPLA). From the of using food as a weapon and starving people having already died beginning, the rebels have been led by peoplc ... ?" Colonel John Garang, who holds a Ph.D Is he correct? from famine and war. in agricultural economics from the Perhaps. Another 100,000 are at Universit y of Iowa. risk this year. Since the overthrow of Nimeiri in T HE SUDAN: THIRTY YEARS April 1985. Ihe connict has grown OF WAR, FAMINE AND UNREST worse and the SPLA now controls al Si nce 1983. the Arab controlled most all the South except for garri sons government has been at war with black he Sudan is the largest country in in cities and towns. African rebels in the SOUlh; iI's a costly Africa, with ,I land mass almost Over the paSI two years. 1.3 million T conflict that has killed thousands and one-third the size of the United States people have been displaced by the war put major ponions of the population at and 24 million poople. The northern and the production of food has been risk of starvation. The war is not seces Sudan is Arab and Islamic and is con drasticall y reduced. To compound Ihe sionist. the rebels on ly want a larger sidered pan of the Middle East. at least problems both the government and Ihe share of political power, shared benefits culturally. while the southern portion is rebels have hindered and stopped relief from economic resources and a secular black African and Christian/Animist. efforts, in effect using food as a weapon constitution. One of their main com The nation is located next to Ethiopia of war. plaints is the strength of Muslim fun and across the Red Sea from Saudi The government is fearful that large damentalists and the system of Islamic Arabia. The capital. Khartoum. sits at scale relief efforts wi ll aid the insurgen religious laws known as "SIwtl." the connuence of the Nile. watching the cy by supplying food and supplies to the Sharia law was instituted in 1983 by river now north into Egypt. rebels. Also. since il is the civilian the now deposed dictatorof Sudan. Gaf Strategically si tuated in the Hom of population that sustains the SPLA, food far Nimeiri . At the time. Nimei ri was Africa. Sudan has been a U.S. all y for supplies help them remain a Ihreat to seeking a better relationship wi th his 20 years. However. a survey of U.S. Khartoum. Arab neighbors. notably Saudi Arabia. policy leaves two principal questions The SPLA is suspicious Ihal convoys and to quell unrest among Muslims. So unanswered: why was so little done by and airlifts present an opportunity to he put into place the harsh system of the Reagan administration to avert a resupply government forces in the religious law that calls for punishments South. The result has been a stalemate of whipping. amputations and even Dal'id A. Fusells is a member of llle in which thousands die of disease and crucifixion; but he made a miSlake by Ripon Forum ediLOrial board and has starvation. lravefed e:Cfensil'ly illfhe Sudan. not realizing ho w the South would react 14 RIPON FORUM, MAY 1989 THE STRATEGIC SUDAN: THE new role was of special concern. After nood refugee camps. By some es VIEW DURING THE R E AGAN the coup. Colonel Ghaddafi shi fted his timates, up to 85% of the r:Klpulation has YEARS allegiance and backed the Sud:mese been displaced. government, even signing a mili tary In many villages, children under the n a world often viewed by the Reagan agreement with them. However. a age of three are non-existent -- they've I administration as dominated by a Ghaddafi proposal to fonn a union with all died from starvation. Almost all continuing Cold War between the the Sudan was turned down by al families have been stricken while those Uni ted States and the Soviet Union, na Mahdi. st ill alive are malnouri shed and in tions in the Hom of Africa were viewed Throughout these events. the United danger. as pieces in a crucial chess game. States still viewed the Sudan as a major To complicate matters. the Sudanese Superficially. the region could be a strategic ally and sought to preserve its government has anned the southern classic cold war model: the U.S. has innuence. Washington was worried Rizeigat Arabs to fight the SPLA and given the Sudan large amounts of about the U.S.-Sudanese relationship the Dinkas. the major tribe from which foreign aid and has supported Ethiopian and its standi ng in a very volati le region. the rebels draw support. In March 1987 rebels: the Soviet Union has for years the Ri zeigat slaughtered over I,O()() propped up Ethiopia. Sudan's tradition Top officials of the U.S. starving Dinkas in the southern town of al rival. while the SPLA re lies on Ad-Daienand according 10Amnesty In Eth iopia for supplies and bases. They government and the State ternational. 2()() people were burned also receive support from Cuba. Department have begun to alive in railroad cars. lt now seems clear that during the The situation is tragic with an es Reagan administration the basis for our speak out on the Sudanese timated 250.000 people hav ing already policy was to act as a counterweight to war and to apply pressure died from famine and war. Another Soviet influence and to ensure access to on the combatants to stop 100.000 are at risk thi s year. an ally that would prove vi tal should Relief groups have been frustrated in Middle Eastern oil routes ever need using food as a weapon. their efforts to get food into the Sudan protecting. The pursui t of these policies by both the government and the SPLA. led to strong support for Gaffar Nimiri. After 1985, when the civil wa r began In Kh artoum, these groups were leery of especially in di rect military and to intensify. the Reagan administration trying 10 provide help to rebel-control economic assistance. Nimei ri's succes st ill worried about relations and did not led areas, especiall y after three major sors have resented this support. criticize the Khartoum governmem for organizations, ACROSS. World Vision Thus. when Nimeiri was ousted in its conduct of the war. Roger P. Winter. and Lutheran World Services were ex 1985. the new government moved away the director of the U.S. Committee for pelled for their southern activities. from the long-standing Sudanese-Egyp Refugees (a Icading non-profit group Many relief groups have long accused tian-American alliance and attempted to which seeks to educate the publ ic on the the government of a lack of urgency in make the Sudan non-aligned. The new plight of refugees). observed: "The helping facilitate food shi pment to the prime minister, Sadiq al-Mahdi. policy the United States adopted was to South: Prime Min ister al-Mahdi claims thought that the new government should avoid criticizing the government in that this happens because they are fear neither become involved in the internal Kh artoum to avoid driv ing the ful of suppl ies fa ll ing into rebel hands. confl icts of Sudan 's neighbors nor in su Sudanese towards Libya." Throughout the past several years. the perpower poli tics. This new policy had Ethiopia and her Soviet supporters government has strongly opposed all ef major implications for American inter were also a concern. Their all iance was forts to help rebel-controlled areas. even ests in the region and Washi ngton be viewed as bad for U.S. interests. As at the cost of devastat ing the population. came concerned that non-alignment Winter put it. Ethiopia was viewed by The SPLA has also used food as a would turn into realignment against the the State Department as the "Big weapon by att acking convoys and United States. Bugaboo." In his view. State made the shooting down two civilian aircraft. A good example of the "be friends mistake of using Sudan's regional rela Relief planes presently fl ying into the with everyone" foreign pol icy was the tions as a basis fo r policy. Instead of South are still fearfu l of renewed at reestablishment of re lati ons between recognizing the connict as strictly inter tacks. The rebels defend their allacks Sudan and Libya. relations that had Sudanese. they saw it as a struggle for citing a government policy of mixing been broken by Nimei ri. Also, the new regional innuence. troops and weapons in with food ship government resented Egyptian support "We would have done much better ments. for the deposed dictator and moved calling a spade a spade. While both While the war and famine continued to away from the two nations' traditional sides have done bad. most of the people rage. the Reagan administration was ly close relations. The situation was ag who have died have been in govern concern ed about its relat ions with Khar gravated by Egypt's refusal to extradite ment-held areas. It was the government toum . and failed to forcefull y apply Ni meiri (he presently lives in a Cairo that had the policy of using food as a pressure to change Sudanese tactics: it suburb). wear:Kln." said Winter. did not go against al-Mahdi's wishes Naturally. the United States was con As the U.S. continued to worry about and support cross-border operations cerned by the increasingly cool rela Libya and Ethiopia. the war intensified. from Kenya to Uganda. Foreign aid tions between the Sudan and Egypt and From 1985 to 1988, the SPLA made shipments continued and the State subsequently Washington . but Libya's gains and today controls much of the CO lltillllCd 011 page 21 South. Refugees surround the towns and RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 15 The Education Performance Agreement BY PETER SMITH on'! look now, America. BUI debate about excellence in America's your schools may finally change schools? Many of us believe that the The national policy which Dfor the beller. After 30 years of ability to deliver a distinctively beut:r false starts. grand claims. hand wringing and more appropriate public education allows us to deliver the and mi ",ed signals. it looks as if we are for every Ameri can youngster is the education they need relies at last going 10 do Ihe one thing we leading national security issue of the 01/ the extraordinary diver haven' tdonebcfore: treat communities, 21st century. parenls. teachers. principals and school Ten years ago we could talk about im sity which is the hallmark boards as if they were important in the proving our schools. But now, because of American culture. process of improving education for all of a changing demogrdphy. changing children in America. family structure. changing skills needed Since Ihe Russians first shocked us in the work force, and a changing global presented in the report, "To Secure our towards action with the launching of economy, we need to not only do a bet Future." published by the National Sputnik in 1957, America's schools ter job, but a different job for our Center For Education and the Economy, have endured a series of fa lse stallS children. Amidst a rate of change that the policy will encourage individual aimed al refonning and rejuvenating a mocks our traditional notion of skill schools or school districts to restructure public education system thai was un development when preparing children their oper'dti ons -- curriculum. staffing responsive 10 the needs orlhe times. The for the work force of the future. our pattern. calendar and more --to achieve approach 10 rcfonn has been short [enn. demography as a nation and the back higher and better performance for their urgent. inlense and aimosl without ex ground of young people ente ring stude nts. ception. predicated on the notion that kindergarten is changing radically. Althe heart, this national policy would schools could be fixed from above. For example an increasing percentage create an all-important trade in which It's been almost 30 years si nce Sput of our youngsters comes from disad the participating school district would nik. And stillthedehateabout education vantaged households. They are children commit to higher academic achieve reform continues. But there is a dif who historically have not prospered in ment in re turn for flexibility in dealing ference this time. We are in the sixth our educational institutions: specifical with federal and state regulations. In year of a reform movement that has ly the rural poor and ethnic minorities. short. iI's a trade of professional been building in its focus and intensity This means that, for the first time in our freedom for accountability. steadil y since the 1983 report, "A Na history. the consequences of failing to The trade wou ld be represented in a tion At Risk." educate all of our children well and ap contract. the Educational Perfonnance It is a national policy that understands propriately will directl y affect OUf so Agreement. which would be accepted that until we improve the quality of cial. civic and economic capacity in the by the local. state and federal par work life in our public schools for years ahead, ticipants, Drawn by an integrated local teachers and administrators, we cannot We face the possibility of a two-tiered planning team with the resources and possibly improve the learning life for economic structure that locks out those time to do the job well. the contract the students who go there every day. It whom our schools have failed to serve. would layout a multi-year plan for is a policy which says we should respect We face the possibility of businesses restructuring and higher achievement. parents, community people and school having to either export the good jobs including the perfonnanceexpected and workers so mucb that we ask them how they create or import skilled workers measurements to be undenaken. they would like to restructure their from other countries to do those jobs: It is imponant to know that. while schools in order to produce higher and n01 because we have been out-in regulations may be waived in this better results for each and every student novated but because we have fai led to process, the law will not be abrogated. in their schools. train and educate our children for the fu Over the longer term. as models for Just what are the Stakes in this latest ture. restructuring our public schools for ex The national policy which allows us to cellence blossoms around the country, deliver the education they need relies on the Department of Education would be Peter Smith is a member of COllgress the extraordinary diversi ty wh ich is the engaged in research and development from Vermollt and a member of the hallmark of American culture, Recentl y continued on page 21 Ripon COllgressiollal Advisory Board. 16 RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 To Make A Difference BY CONSTANCE A. MORELLA he lime has come to challenge a gesled the concept behind H.R. 985 in America. By the lale- l960s the Peace second generation of American 1986 at a memorial service for Peace Corps had over 15,000 vol unteers in 93 Tstudents. The pledge of President Corps volunteers who had died while countries. Only 6.200 serve today! Bush to make kinder the face of the na serving overseas. Father Hesburgh Budget cuts. bureaucratic changes ti on and gentler the face of the world urged that students be given an oppor within the Peace Corps and economic should indeed be a national commit tunity to train for peace in service to and political change at home and over ment. Meeting and talking wi th young their country. He suggested "not a re seas have all taken their toll on the Peace people. I see a new idealism and an placement for ROTC. but a parallel Corps. H.R. 985 will help redress the eagerness 10 serv e others. And I see a choice. another path less traveled. but shortage of skilled Peace Corps can renewed interest in programs like the no less important to America." Just as didates and further a congressional Peace Corps. thousands of students across the country mandate to increase Peace Corps volun Some have argued that young people compete each year fo r ROTC scholar teer strength to 10.000 by 1992. loday are not interested in commilling ships. H.R. 985 wi ll enable "our best Working from the "bottom up," the themselves 10 service overseas, Ihallhe and our brightest" to compete for Peace Corps has touched the li ves of idealism of the 1960s is long gone. scholarships for peace. people in the Third World. In tum. the They're very wrong. Throughout the people of the Third World have touched developing world there are young .- as My bill, cosponsored by the li ves of all Americans. Speaking in we ll as older -- Americans working in the CapitOl Rotunda last November on Peace Corps programs and truly making more than 80 HOllse Mem the 25th aryniversary of President a difference. They are fighting infant bers, seeks 10 establish a Kennedy's death, John Coy ne. a mortality and malnutrition in Burundi. returned Peace Corps volunteer who eradicating parasitic di sease in Peace Corps training and served in Ethiopia, put this so wel l: "The Paraguay. teaching deaf children in the scholarship program Peace Corps took us out of America, cut Dominican Republic and training spe simi/arlO the Reserve Of us loose from these shores and taught us cial ed uc tion teachers in Napal. how to be citizens of the world. Because developing disease-resistant vegetables ficer Trainil/g Corps. of the Peace Corps. we are forever in western Samoa. and constructing changed." wells in Morocco. And they are doing The legislation will provide financial Hubert H. Humphrey regarded Peace something for America in the Third assistance in the last two years of col Corps volunteers as our best "imports" World that cannot be accomplished by lege for students who agree to join the because they came home and did for formal treaties, accords. official Peace Corps for three years after America what they had done for others proposals and diplomatic exchanges. gmduation. Special emphasis will be abroad. How many of us know fonner Recentl y. I reintroduced the Peace placed on recruiting minority students. Peace Corps volunteer who today leach Corps Volunteer Education Demonstra who have been hi storically under children in inner-city classrooms, who tion Program Act. H.R. 985. My bill . represented in the Peace Corps. and tend to the sick in rural clinics and big cosponsored by more than 80 House preference will be given to students en city hospitals. who counsel drug abusers Members. seeks to establi sh a Peace rolled in those areas most needed in the and troubled teenagers in community Corps training and scholarship program Peace Corps: agriculture; urban and mental health centers, who serve over similar to the Reserve Officer Training youth development; education; natural seas in the Foreign Service or with Corps (ROTC). It would be imple resource management; engineering; and private relief groups? mented in many of our colleges and health and nutrition. Peace Corps stu This re cord and spirit of service is one universities and would be an important dents will also study the languages, cus that we must encourage. Combining complement to the national youth ser toms and history of the countries in academic study and Peace Corps ser vices plans proposed in Congress. which they will serve. and during the vice wi ll prepare America's young Fonner Notre Dame Universit y presi summer breaks they will work in com people for an increasingly interdepen dent Father Theodore Hesburgh sug- munity development projects in the dent world, a world where compassion, United States. justice and a willingness to help one In 1961 when President John F. Ken another will indeed make a difference. Constance A. Morella is a member 0/ nedy signed Executive Order 10924.lhe Congress/rom Maryla nd and a member Peace Corps sent 900 volunteers to 16 • 0/ the Ripon Congressional Advisory countries in Africa, Asia and Latin Board. RIPON FORUM , MAY 1989 17 .\ . COlltilllled from page 15 emergency aid. the southern Sudanese Agency for International Development would be consigned to a horrible fale. began supporting cross-border food Department denied that the Sud;mese one brought about not by nature but by deliveries from Ken ya. Prime Minister governmen t was using food as a man. al-Mahdi objected strongly. The Bush weapon. "It is very clear the U.S. did not In the I o Easy·10·use software (ujXlated to o A context·sensitive HELP MENU with include March IRS regulations) for data collection forms, a flow-chan, IBM·PCs and compatibles that suggestions for compliance, and a processes up to 2,000 emp l ~'ees per legal synopsis. plan ... 1595, including one yt!'M of updates o Documentation with a lengthy legal o explanation, questions-an d · an.~wcr s, Com;l<.l: Employee Benefits Review and g lossary of terms ... 715 Eighth Street,SE, #300 Washington, DC 20003 I (202) 546·3394 89 18 RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 Frederick McClure: Behind The ''New Breeze" BY WILLIAM P. McKENZIE Of course, that may sound toooptimis tic. News reports have been filled wi th n an era in which George Bush has complaints that the Bush administration promised a "new breeze" of bipar is not moving. Some contend that it is I tisanship, Fred McClure is in a dif not even addressing the major issues. ficult spot. As the Bush administration's McClure responds to that charge by director of congressional relations, Mc saying that the White Housedoesn' t see Clure must ensure that the "new breeze" its mission as definin g a new agenda. To blows across Capitol HilL to extend the add emphasis, McClure says "I'm not metaphor. sure that's what the public wa nts." The 35-year otd Texan's role is tricky, In some ways, that comment echoes because he must al so make sure that the what historian David Eisenhower said presidency is not weakened. This hap in an interview last year. "I don't think pened under Jimmy Carter, and his the Reagan era is over," Eisenhower presidency became irrelevant toCapiloi said. "This election is more like 1940 Hill. In a Congress that is overwhelm than 1960 .... There's more to be done, ingly Democratic, McClure must know and Bush represents conti nuity," when to make the right moves. rights. As McClure, the first black stu Of course, McClure has a distinct plus dent body president of Texas A&M. working for him in that his new boss, In a Congress That is over puIS it, this administration's ri ghts George Bush, knows how to work whelmingly Democratic, record will be differem. While Ronald Capitol Hill. The new presidem has McClure musT know when Reagan may have made in se nsitive legions of friends there, and seems comments about Martin Luther King genuinely interested in wo rking wi th TO make the righT moves. and various civil ri ghts leaders, and them, drug his heels in signing the Voting But McClure says that this doesn't In McClure's eyes, continuity doesn't Ri ghts Act extension,you wi ll never see mean George Bush will be pushed imply lack of leadership, either. Look at that in the Bush administration. around. Consider the John Tower con the budget. he says. It is the first One reason. McClure says, is that finnation fight, he said during an imer presidential budget not considered dead black leaders are "tremendously com view in his office the morning after the on arrival in eight years. And what fortable" wilh the new president. But he Senate vote turned down Tower's bid to about the savi ngs and loan rescue, a also claims thai the appointments of become defense secretary. It shows that problem which neither the Reagan ad Louis Sulli van as secretary of Health Bush may lose on occasion, but that he mini stration nor Congress would touch and Human Services and Jack Kemp as can also be stubborn. before George Bush? Doesn't that count sec retary o f Housing and Urban McClure was ~addened by the defeat for leadership? Development send signals that this ad of his fonner memor, John Tower, but Yes. it does. But the perception that mini stration will actively seek solutions he does not think it will have a lasting the Bush administration has no game to problems that affect black effect. The main issues Congress and plan, and is onl y responding to crises, Americans. the administration must face are not could be deadly. Washington is a city About recruiting more blacks to the about personal conduct, but rather about which loves action, and the political GOP, McClure says that the party must quality education, clean ai r. ozone community here can make life difficult begin at the local level. "Cultivate depletion and child care. And these all for those not providing movement. people whose values are most closely demand cooperati on. No one should know that better than aligned [to the Republican Party]," Mc Even Roger Stone, a conservative ac the new president. who has been a Clure says. tivist known fo r his ideological in Washington insider forover 20 years. If But there again the Bush administra stincts. agrees with this view. As Stone continuity is his goal. then his ad tion, as well as the Republican Party. told an audience in February, educati on ministration should do a better job of may run into a perception problem. and the environment do not carry "adis communicating Ihat aim. How can the new president ensure that tinct left-right fissure." McClure contends that an area where greater fairness. a Bush campaign pro- George Bush won't represem cominuity William P. McKenzie is editor of the with the prior administration is civ il COlltillued 011 page 21 Ripon Forum. RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 19 The Chairman's Corner Goals for the '90s BY WILLIAM CLINGER Ripon can make a significant contribu alk about big shoes to fill! For the ti on immediately. Seemingly the most past eight years Congressman Jim ominous and intrac table problems T Leach has given Ihe Ripon facing us tooay exist in the nation's Society outstanding leadership and he cities. The spreading and conjoined can has filled this space in the Forum with cers of drug addiction and violent crime. pieces that were sometimes provoca the AIDS epidemic. the crumbli ng in tive, often challenging and always inte)· frastructure. traffic gridlock. pollution JeclUatly vigorous. He has led the in the air and in the water. racism. home Society with di stinction th rough some lessness. corruption are not exclusively difficult limes and has earned the urban problems but e xist to one degree profound gratitude of all of us who or another in all of our major cilies. beli ve Ripon's voice must continue to be heard in public policy debates within With the character and sure you that the pages of this publica the Republican Party. tion are open to your ideas. In addition. Thus. I assume -the chainnanship of tone of the new administra I would li ke to see Ripon provide a Ripon with some trepidation, much tion gradually beginning to stimulus for sc holars, pol iti cians. humility but no lack of enthusiasm or bureaucrats and others to develop in commitment. As th is is my first oppor emerge I sense exciting novative solulions to these difficult tunity to communicate with the broader new opportunities for problems by commissioning research Ripon community, I want to discuss Ripon 10 contribute to and original papers, sponsoring semi some of the goals I intend to pursue nars and focus groups and generally and hopefully achi eve- during my policy fornll.tiation. serving as a catalyst in generating new tenure as chainnan. ideas. First of all. I am very optimistic about While the Democratic Pany continues It is al so m y goal 10 e xpand the the future of the Ripon Society. With the to prevail politicall y in most of our large grassroots organization of Ripon. With character and tone of the new ad cities. Democratic solutions to the the help of the Congressional Advisory ministration gradually beginning to problems have often been ineffecti ve Board. I hope to establish a Ripon emerge I sense exciting new oppor and in some cases have e ven exacer· presence wherever we can generate suf tunities for Ripon to contribute to policy bated them. And yet there have been fi cient interest. To this end I am fonnulation. There is clearly a more few alternative solutions proposed by de lighted that the domlant chapter in receptive ani tude toward different ideas RepUblicans. As a party we appear to BoslOn is being revitalized under a new on the part of many in the admini stra have forfeited to the Democrats on the leadership. A top priority forme will be ti on than has existed in rece nt years. We whole range of urban issues. Politically to establish a local Ripon organizati on must be ready to capi talize on their will understandable. perhaps. because of our in Washington. D.C. But I am interested ingness to listen to dnd consider solu minority status in most cities but moral in seeing the Ripon organization and the tions to problems that may challenge ly irresponsible in vie w oftheaccelera t Ripon banner unfurled wherever there Republican orthodoxy. And so one of ing deterioration of the quali ty of life in are intelligent. engaged and forward my first o bjecti ves is to continue those same cities. looking Republicans. developing and ex panding this Ripon The Ripon Society. more than most These are some of the things I intend Forum as a means of suggesting new or RepUblican organi7.alions. has always to work on in the months ahead. The differe nt poli cy initiatives to the had an urban flavor. The active chapters overall objective. of course. is to con decision makers not only at both ends of have been in places like New York. tinue bui lding the Ri pon Society as a Pe nnsylvania Avenue in Washington Boston. Des Moines and Los Angeles. significant voice in Republican policy but also at both ends of the comparable Many. ifnot most. Ripon members li ve discussions. W~ .~o this by puuing for avenues in the slate capitals and cities and work in our cities and have seen the ward thoughful conslrUctive and realis and towns of the nation. proble ms close a t hand and have ti c proposals and suggestions. I en There is a specific area where I be lieve thoughts about new approaches. bener courage readers of the Forum to play an answe rs. It is thi s untapped resource that acti ve role as we strive 10 enlarge the IVilliam Clinger is the new chairman of I am challenging to begin contributing membership and enhance the infuence the Ripon Society and a membe!" ofC on to the debate on urban pol icy. I can as- of Ihe Ripon Society. • gress from Penl1sylmnia, 20 RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 continued from pnge 19 cO ll tillued from pnge 16 In Memoriam, Wa lter N. Thayer -mise, when the federal budget is con- work to cull the results and make strained in such areas as public ho using? recommendations about the most BY LEE W . HUEBNER AND Moreover, how can the GOP hope to promising practices to surface. Schools THOMAS E. PETRI rec ru it more minority voters when its would he expected to compete for a "southern strategy," which has been in li mited number of Educational Perfor Walter N. Thayer, a great friend ofthe place since Richard Nixon's 1968 cam mance Agreement opport unities within Ripon Society, died at 78 in March. At paign, is pri maril y aimed at recruiting each state or each region. By making Ri pon's inception in the earl y '60s, alienated white voters? And "alienated" th is program an attrac tive al tern ative as when our small political research group means lower and middle class white opposed to a req ui re ment, it is our feel was looking for a way to be heard, the male voters who predominantly op ing that the effort and the res ults will be advice we received on vi rtuall y every \ posed the social and racial changes of more enthusiastic and effective. hand was "talk 10 Walter Thayer:' And the last 20 years. The Educational Perfonnance Agree so we did. And like so many who went ment assumes that if we give schools, to Walter Thayer th rough the years, we As the Bush administra the people who work in them and their came away bright with exictement. For extended communi ties what we have he listened to us. He took us seriously. tion tries to return the never given them before -- the time and And he made things happen. party of Lincoln to its com the resources to plan and think -- they From 1952, when he became legal ad wilt be able to create a school environ visor to Citizens for Eisenhower, until mitment to civil rights, Mc ment that foste rs the type of education his death , Walter Thayer was a pivotal Clure and his colleagues al excellence critical to our children's figure in the effort 10 make what Presi are attempting to put into fut ure and to the fut ure of our nation. den t Eisenhower called "modern More than five years in its develop Re publicanism" a continuing poli tical place private sector solu ment, reviewed favo rably by groups fo rce. He helped organize the Re tionsfor public problems. ranging from the National Governors' publican Ci tizens Committee, and he Association to the education commis strongly supported the campaigns of Consider also the problem of the sion of the states to numerous profes Nelson Rockefeller, lacob Javits and Republican National Committee. There sional groups, supported by first the John Li ndsay. He also was an adviser to are no blacks among its 153 voti ng Carnegie Corporation of New York and President Richard Nixon. and, in the members. As GOP rules expert Lee now the State of New York and the beginning, he, along with John Hay Aus pitz wrote recentl y: "As long as the Rockefeller Foundation, the Education Wh itney and Wi lli am Coolidge, [RNC] is Sli ll struclUred as a confedera al Performance Agreement concept is enabled the Ripon Society to establish tion of state parties, it cannot offer ready for ils maiden voyage in the Con and mai ntain its financial viabili ty. equality of opportunity to minorities." gress this year. Thayer knew how to raise money and, That is an essential q uestion the As the House Education and Labor just as importantly, he knew how to or Republ ican Party must face. While Fred Committee struggles with the questions ganize and inspi re and lead. Over a 20- McClure serves as a remi nder that of school excellence raised by Preside nt year span he was instru mental in raising minorities can fi nd a home in the GOP, Bush, this concept and the work which hundreds of thousands of dollars for the Republican Party faces a form idable lies behind it will playa major role in Ripon . task in broadening its base. Perhaps as the pol icy discussions which occur. Walter Thayer not only made things the Bus h administration tries to ret urn For more information about this idea, happen, he made them happen we ll . the party of Li ncoln back to its commit please contact ei ther my office at: 1020 One of the sources of Walter 's mysti ment to civil rights, and McClure and Longworth House Office Buildi ng, que was that he could extend his ener his colleagues attempt to put into place Washington D.C. 20515 or the Nation gies ac ross many fie lds without ever private sector solutions fo r public al Center on Education a nd the losing his unfaltering sense of com problems, the administration may have Economy at 39 State Street, Suite 500, mand. Hisself-discipline was part of his _its most important task defined. _ Rochester, New York 146 14. • secret. He seemed to have a system for everything; he abhorred loose ends. He wanted things buttoned up properly, he would say, the firs t time around. Walter Thayer set the highest stand ards for himself and then met the stand What's Ahead in the Ripon Forum: ards he set . We shall miss his advice and his help, bul we will continue to be in • Interviews with Leading Republicans spired by his example . • • A Defense for the '90s Lee W. Huebner is publisher oflhe In • Who's Who in the Bush Administration Jernalional Herald Tribune and • How to Resolve Environmental Conflicts Thomas E. Petri is a member of Con gress from Wisconsin. BollI were original members-o/the Ripon Society. RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 21 Public Housing: Of The People, By The People And For The People by Mariann Kurtz ust liS some of America's neighbors havior to ensure that all two pages of "Residents can do what police can', do," seek to build and maintain pockets rules which now govern Cochran are said Woodson. who also appeared on J of democracy in war-lorn being followed . 22:26. "When the resident s decide countrysides. residents of American "We run Cochran like a real estate they've had enough and work together public housing projects are striving to manager would." Gilkey said in an in with the police, they can throw out take control of their own ravaged terview with the Ne w York Times. crime and drugs." domains. Tenants of govemment-spon "The buildings aren't writing gmffiti on No incident of such power may be as sored housing nationwide are seeking themselves. They're not tearing them strong as a recent ini tiative by citizens their own version of Lincoln's promise selves down. There are consequences of Des Moines. Iowa. Residents of the of democracy .- ten ani-owned and for that kind of behavior. and the conse city joined wi th tenants of the Homes of tenant-managed public housing. quences here is that we're going to put Oakridge housing project in a march JU SI last fall Congress passed a bill you oul." against crack. The deadly drug and its sponsored by curt'enl Secretary ofHous The success of Cochran has bred suc dealers which infiltrate housing projects ingand Urban Development Jack Kemp cess elsewhere. In Washington. D.C.. nationwide are leaving the Homes of giving tenants of public housing the tenant mangers of the Kenilworth Oakridge. right to manage the housing develop Parkside project used capital from rents The power of that march so struck Des ments themselves. In February of 1987. and a gmnt to create II corporati ons to Moines Register reponer Julie Gam then-President Ronald Reagan signed employ residents. And in Boston, resi mack that she decided Iowans should legislalion giving tcnants the right to dents of buildings ear-marked for help othercities rid themsel ves of cmck. purchase public housing at a small frac demolition banded together to develop Gammack's idea, now refined and tion of the market price. These steps, neighborhoods for themselves. With the polished with input from Des Moines combined with growing attention to a help of private investors and govern civic leaders, Register colleagues, and successful tenant-managed project in ment aid, the group built 570 new apan Congressman Jim Leach and staff. will the Midwest, opened the door for ments and rehabilitated 251 more. culminate in a march on Washington on tenants in dozens of cities to explore a Proponents of tenant management, June 9th. new standard of living. however, do not claim these types of "One by One," as the march is called, In the mid- 1970s, residents at the programs can work everywhere. Jane will wind its way to the capi tal via bus Cochran Gardens in St. Louis trans Lang of the Counsel's Public Housing convoy with stops along [he way to fonned a diny, gang-infested high ri se Authority SUPPOflS locall y designed decry the miseries of a life with crack. into a sparkling, well -ordered complex. programs. "What's done in one area Once in D.C. members of the group will Longti me resident Benha Gilkey joined may be totally unacceptable in another," climb the steps of the Lincoln Memorial forces with a handful of other Cochran said Lang during a Washington-based one by onc to speak from the hean about tenants and turned despair into hope news show, 22:26. Lang explained that the drug and how it has affected their with some soapy water and a few buck residents in one project erected fences lives. ets of painl. to keep non-tenants oul. Similarly, resi Mildred Crowder wi ll tell what she's Drug dealers who had become the un dents in a Chicago project decided to done to kick crack dealers out of the official managers of the complex slow wear 10 badges. The key. said Lang. is Homes of Oakridge. Crowder will have ly left as Gilkey and her followers or the transfer of aUlhority and respon one minute to tell her story before the gained for greater and more effecti ve sibility to tenants. next person in line has his orherminutc. police service. The main building. once The evidence is clear that good th ings Just like the drug dealers in Cochran. called "Linle 'Nam," now has a dif happen when residents are allowed 10 just like the unwanteds in Chicago, one ferent kind ofarnlY controlling its halls. police themselves. Roben Woodson. by one they will come, and one by one Tenant leaders serve as floor and build director of the National Cenler for they will go. ing captains who monitor residents' be- Neighborhood Enterprise. agrees that Just like Beflha Gilkey. one by one, tenant management can accomplish these Iowans wil l tum despai r into ho~ . Mariaml KurlZis (I member oflhe Ripon more than most official interventions. Forum editorial board. • 22 RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989 6 Library Court On March 16, the Ripon Society Lecture on March 30. and di scussed the September. For more imformation honored David Rockefeller in New hislOrical and philosophical moorings abouljoining the Boston chapter. please York City with its Jacob K. Jav its Ex of "liberalism" in his address "The lm contact Arthur George, P.O. Box 20. cellence in Public Service Award. The poratnce of Being liberaL" According Holbrook, Massachusetts 02343. third annual presentation of this award, to Mathias: named in honoroflhe late Senator Javils "It would be an easy rationalization to Jacob KJavits Excellence for hi s commitment to progressive dismiss the denigration of liberals as an in Public Service Dinner. Republicanism and public service, was aberration of the last presidential cam March 16, 1989 given to Mr. Rockefeller during a din paign. There is no doubt that the cam ner for 150 people at the Tower Suite in paign rhetoric did a great deal to spread New York City's Time- Life Building. the attack to new audiences with in In presenting the award to Mr. Rock creased intensity, The fac t is, however. efeller, Congressman William Clinger. that political candidates today rarely the chainnan oflhe Ripon Society. cited raise novel issues or initiate newdebale. the New York businessman's work on Rather they capitalize on the mood of behalf of urban revitalization and inter the electorate by polling to detect some nationalism in foreign policy. In par unexploited worry or weakness and ticular, Representative Clinger praised then consult a media expert on the most Mr. Rockefeller's link with Senator heroic way to push against an open Javits in the New York Partnership. a door. group of busi nessmen and political "Many young Americans who are leaders which was responsible for guid reaching maturity and forming social Marion H. Price. I.. Estelle Kessler, c., ing much of New York's renaissance in and political impressions are being told Marian Jav its. r. the 1970s. Clinger also noted Mr. that there is something wrong with Rockefeller's internationalist approach liberalism: that good people just are not to foreign policy, which is being carried liberaL However. they are seldom told out through hi s involvement with the just what is wrong about liberalism or Americas Society and the Trilateral why it is not good to be liberaL As a Commission. result. a great many people people who After accepting the award from have reason to know bener are being Clinger, Mrs. Marian Javits, Senator deluded into neglecting and even op Javits' widow, and Joshua Javils, the posing an important element of the late senator's son, Mr. Rockefeller ad political legacy of the United States." dressed the group. He applauded For more imfornlation about Senator Ripon' s commitment to practical Mathias' address. write: The Ripon politics. and told the aUd ience, which in Socie ty. 6 Li b ra ry Court S.E" duded six members of Congress, that Washington. D.C. 2CHJ03. Jacob Javits' legacy focuses on a com mitmentto fa irness and racial equality. Ripon Noles (I. to r.) Eric Javils. David Rockefeller, Through organi7. RIPON FORUM, MAY 1989 23 Washington Notes & Quotes Turmoil in ideology-land: Well, the Leader Bob Michel, as a test of the New first friend and speechwriter Vic Gold "Reagan era" it ain 't. On issue after Right-Gingrich coalition versus the offers three new appellations for the issue, the Bush administration is show mainstream-Madigan group. president in The Washingtonian: ing its moderate stripes. whi le congres But 10 -- Gingrich earned the support George the Bull-headed, George the sional Republicans are building bridges of two-thirds of the House '92 Group, Gamble r, or George the Gentle the right destroyed onl y a few years ago. the moderate GOP caucus, including Bulldozer. If today 's ideological currents could be such Ripon stalwarts as Sherry Boeh visualized. they might resemble the lert, Olympia Snowe, Nancy Johnson, The atmosphere on Capitol Hill: swirling clouds of cream in black cof Claudine Schneider, Tom Tauke, Steve Overheard at a Capi tol Hill cocktail fee . Gunderson and Ripon's new chair, Bill party, as Representative Patricia On Pennsylvania Avenue, the Clinger. Indeed, the moderates made Schroeder (D-CO) loudly approached president's team has put the finishing the difference as Gingri ch won by anar fonner senator and rejected Defense touches on a wide·ranging review of row two-vote margin, What accounted nominee John Tower: "John! Whal a U.S. foreign policy. and the outlook is for the moderates ' support? suprise to find you at the bar! Is there for more bi-partisan compromise on A more accurate portrait than the any scotch left?" Central America, a fresh initiative on media's focus on "confrontation " chemical aons. incrementalism on long against House Speaker Jim Wri ght Moderate Bashing: Former Senator range nuclear weapons reduction; in es (Gingri ch initialed the current in ves Eugene McCarthy's advice to new sence, a prudent, cautious course. tigation controversy) is that Gingrich Members of Congress: "Remember that In domestic affairs. Bush's $400 mil would pay some attention to the grow the worst accidents always occur in or lion education proposal offered by ing unity on issues in the ideological near the middle of the road." SenalOr Nancy Kassenbaum (R-KS) hothouse called the House GOP, and Representative Bill Goodling (R The progressives appreciated Rising Star Department: Business PAl emphasizes rewards to merit "and Gingrich's outspoken commitment to a Week asks, "Is Bill Reilly Too Nice to magnet" schools, student and teacher GOP refonn agenda on the environ Run the EPA?" In 15 years at the helm excellence, especi ally in science and ment, education, housing, day care and of the Conservati on Foundation, Reilly math. and programs to fight drug abuse urban povert y. Said Arizona Represen made his reputation as a mediator be and dropout rates. It is less than over tati ve Jon Kyl, a leader of Gingrich's tween industry and environmentalists whelming and has received mostl y Conse rvati ve Opportunity Soc iety, on such complex issues as groundwater Bronx cheers from the education estab "Conservatives have learned that yo u pollution and wetlands protection. Reil lishment, but the results must come, as can use government to solve problems. ly emphasizes inn ovative, market always, from students and local leaders. We didn't use 10 think that." oriented, cheap solutions like solid not the federal government. Mr. Gunderson, who agreed two years waste prevention or air emissions "trad On the budget deficit. minimum wage, ago to a series of meetings with ing," and has created a new assistant ad housing, acid rain and assault weapons, Gingrich to find "common ground," ministrator fo r international issues. Bush has offered hope for saner adds: "There's no question that we are Other new environmental face s: Robert policies. But the bottom line keeps redefining the Republican Party" .. Newt E. Grady, a fonner aide to New Jersey being drawn somewhere down the mid and COS today are very different. They Governor Thomas Kean and the "point dle -- to the delight of Reagan-weary say. 'Yes, there is a problem and there's man" for science and natural resources Republicans and the befuddlement of a role for government, but we want that at the Office of Management and the media and entrenched powers. role to e mpower people no t Budget: Bill Rosenberg, a Mighigan Meanwhile Bush is ac hi eving bureaucracies, maximize choice for in Bush backer in charge of air issues at popularity ratings higher than anything dividuals not regulators at the federal EPA; and Linda Fisher, brought to EPA Reagan ever enjoyed -- more proof. if level. '" by fonner chief Lee Thomas to deal any was needed, that Americans are Mrs. Johnson, one of the first to en with solid waste issues and now responding 10 a new Republican agen dorse Mr. Gingrich, said she supported elevated to the no. 3 slot for policy and d,. him because he believes that the govern planning ment guided by a conservative approach Also in the Rising Star Depanment - And speaking of the new can al so respond progressively to Thelma Duggin, named by RNC Chief Republican agenda, on Capitol Hill: human concerns." Lee Atwater to head up minority out an event that should be remembered as Apparently, then, if we are to believe reach efforts. Duggin is a black business a watershed for GOP philosophical our leaders, the Ripon message has been consultant who serv ed as a Reagan politicking: the election of Georgia e nshrined in the election of Mr. White House aide for minority outreach Representative Newt Gingrich as GOP Gingrich. Let 's hope so. Stay tuned. in the early 1980s. • Whip, the No.2 House Republican. Ea rl y reports cast the battle between George the Gentle Bulldozer: In an Gingrich and Edward Madigan, an 11 - effort to crack the myth that George linoisian and ally of House Republican Bush is a bumbler. a wimp, a preppy -- 24 RIPON FORUM. MAY 1989