RIPON CONTENTS Politics 1-6 Commentary 7-11 Duly Noted 12
SEPTEMBER 1, 1974 VOL. X, No. 17 50 CENTS
enter a primary. Garn won 88 percent ceived a respectable percentage of the POLITICS: of the vote. primary vote in 1972. Battling for the One surprising aspect of Ilhe Utah dubious honor of opposing U.S. Rep. REPORTS GOP scene has been the weak show Gunn McKay are Ogden businessman ing of John Birch Society candidates Ron InkIey and former GOP State this year. In both the Senate race and Vice Chairman Dorothy C. aark. UTAH 1st C.D. nomination races, JBS mem A JBS member did win a primary bers failed to make the primary. The spot in a crowded GOP nomination 1st C.D. candidate; Joe Ferguson, re- fight in the 2nd C.D. H. Austin Bel- Salt Lake City Mayor Jake Garn (R) appears to have dramatically dosed the gap between him and his Democ·ratic opponent in the race to succeed Sen. Wallace Bennett. A re cent poll by KSL Radio-TV, a Mor mon broadcasting affiliate, showed Garn leading U.S. Rep. Wayne Owens, 49-41 percent. A year ago, Garn trailed by 20 percent. Garn strategies attributed their gain to two factors. First, Owens' appear ance on the ,televised House Judiciary Committee impeachment proceedings was weak. His lightweight perform ance and failure to exert a leadership role has damaged him. Second, Garn has managed to portray a senatorial image, dealing with issues in a candid manner. As elsewhere, the nation's new President is expected to help the GOP. Garn is also aided by convention split between backers of Owens and the establishment-backed candidate Salt Lake attorney Donald Holbrook. Despite Holbrook's open support from Gov. Calvin Rampton (D) and other party leaders, he failed to re ceive the 30 percent of the vote needed to challenge Owens in a primary. The 2nd CD. congressman received just six votes over the 70 percent mark. Owens has yet, however, to truly unify the }?arty behind his Senate effort. Similarly, at the Republican State Convention, Gov. Ramptoo's Republi can brother, former state Sen. Byron Rampton, and two other candidates, "They Love Me. They Love Me Not." failed to garner sufficient support to nap, a major opponent of state land he must move dramatically, his strat use planning in Utah, will oppose egists have decided.. What could be CONNECTICUT . former George Romney aide Steve more dramatic than turning your own Harmsen, who in 1971 was elected party, especially since the only real is the youngest Salt Lake City commis sue is the state's economy (on which Four years ago, Connecticut com sioner in history. Harmsen should win Sargent is vulnerable.) mentators speculated that the first the primary and recapture the district Sargent's strategy could backfire in party to nominate an Italian for gov for the GOP in November as well .• the primary if Sheehan moderates his ernor would be· rewarded with the tone somewhat and capitalizes finan political loyalties of Connecticut's cially on the fury that Sargent has cre largest ethnic voting bloc. The Demo ated among conservatives, moderates, crats followed that scenario and nomi MASSACHUSETTS and liberals alike. It could also back nated former U.S. Rep. Emilio Q. fire in the general election by having Daddario. He was promptly crushed Massachusetts Gov. Francis W. created a natural "he doesn't even by another then-congressman, Thomas Sargent (R) has made the unlikely have the support of his own party" Meskill (R). The GOP used an old strategic decision to run against the issue for the Democrat. In any event, Democratic formula, having nominated Republican Party this fall. Sargent has made it clear that even an Irish politician. Full-page newspaper advertisements the perfunctory help he gave the GOP Very little is heard about Connecti entitled "Why Gov. Sargent Won't in his first full term will not be re cut's Republican governor these days. Dress for the Party," lambast "party peated if he wins. The already floun Meskill grewed bored in office and has san" (sic) politics and try to package dering Massachusetts GOP will appar been a relatively infrequent visitor to the governor as a courageous fighter ently be on its own in the future, the state capitol as he waits for a for the people, even against his own unless one of the Republican hopefuls confirmation to a federal court post party. He decries the polluters and big for attorney general is successful and (against the opposition of the Ameri highway contractors (Republicans, pre assumes the leadership role. can Bar Association). When the gov sumably) and claims that the GOP ernor showed up at the state GOP has pressured him to appoint unqual convention in late July, he went virtu ified people to office and to cater to aUy unnoti~ed. special interests. He, of course, has As usual, the Republicans at that thought only of greater public good, convention were divided into two war and won't play the partisan game. ring camps. One group, led by State "Partysanship" caused Watergate, he GOP Chairman Brian Gaffney and says, and he will be above the party, Meskill, supported Bridgeport Mayor and thus save Massachusetts from sim Nicholas Panuzio for the gubernatorial ilar evils. nomination. A second group supported Sargent's move is clearly one of freshman U.S. Rep .. Robert H. Steele "strategic politics." He believes he will (R-2nd). Although Panuzio won suf win the Republican primary against ficient votes to be eligible for a Sep conservative challenger Carroll P. Shee tember primary, Steele crushed the han, no matter what he does. Moder Bridgeport mayor and two other can ate and liberal Republicans and those didates in first-ballot voting. Panuzio's independents who are turned on by decision not to further divide the party by his attacks against the GOP will, with a primary ensured Connecticut's he assumes, provides the margin of second straight all-congressional gu victory. But the polls show him losing bernatorial race. Steele will face U.S. to either Democratic hopeful, and thus FRANCIS SARGENT Rep. Ella Grasso (D-6th) who re-
THE RIPON SOCIETY INC Is a Republic~ research and SUBSCRIPTION RATES·q;re $15 a year, $7.50 for students, serv , • poliey organization whose Icemen, and for Peace Corps, Vista and other volunteers. Overseas members are young business, academic and professional men and air mail, $3 extra. Advertising rates on request. Please allow women. It has natfonal headquarters in DIstrict of Columbia. Bve weeks for addreBB changes. chapters· in· fifteen cities, National Associate members throughout the fifty states, and several affiliated groups of subchapter status. Editon Dick Behn The SOciety Is supported by chapter dues, individucil. contribu tions and revenues from Its publications and contract work. EcIItorUrl Board! ·Tanya Melich Is published semi-monthly by the Robert D. Behn, C/'cmman THE RIPON FORUM Ripon SocIety, Inc., 509 C Street N.E., Robert H. Donaldson Robert G. Stewart Washington, D.C. 20002. Second class postcxge rates paid at Wash James Manahan RCJIph Thayer Ington, 1>.C. and other mailing houses. COntents are copyrighted © 1974 by the Ripon Society. Inc. Correspondence addressed to the ColltribUting Edltol'Bl C1IHord Brown, Glenn Gerstell, William A. !::ditor Is welcomed. Koelsch, Daniel J. Swilllnger, Josiah Lee Auspitz, Richard W. Rahn, In publlshlng this magazine the Ripon SocIety seeks to provide John A. Rehfuss, Thomas A. Sargent, Richard Cleveland, Mark a forum for fresh ideas, well-researched proposals and for a spirit Frazier, Peter Berg, Martin Sours, and WUliam K. Woods. of critfclsm, innovation. and Independent thinking within the ~ publican Party. ArtIcles do not ri8ceBBartly represent the opinion l'echuical Editon Evelyn LaBan of the National Governing Board or the Editorial Board of the Art: Leslie Morrill and AnnIe Greene Ripon Society, unless .they are explicitly so labelled.
2 placed Meskill in Congress and hopes ficulties that Brannen will face in Republicans now have a new chaIr to replace him in Hartford. the general election against Connec man, former State Rep. Vincent Lau Unlike the bilateral nature of most ticut's most venerable elected official done, who was suggested by Sen. Republican feuds, Connecticut's Demo were highlighted by a report of politi Lowell Weicker as a compromise can cratic Party generally resembles feudal, cal spending from September 1, 1973 didate acceptable to both the Steele feuding German princedoms whim to June 27, 1974. Ribicoff, unopposed and Meskill factions. The GOP also are reunited biennially by the crafty for renomination, raised $404,000 and has one of their strongest tickets in old Bismarck of Connecticut politics, spent $89,090. Brannen and the eun years; unfortunately, it still does not Democratic State Chairman John neeup for the GOP Senate nomination look like a Republican year for the Bailey. Bailey, who is now serving his together only spent $3,000 in that Connecticut GOP.• fifteenth, two-year term as Democratic period. state leader, accomplished his usual There will be stiff congressional con magic tricks by convincing Attorney tests in three of the state's six districts: WASHINGTON General Robert Killian (D) to ac In the first 1st CD. near Hartford, cept the nomination for Lieutenant former Special Federal Attorney F. governor rather than continue a futile MacBuckley resigned the day before Washington Republicans almost put contest against Grasso. the GOP congressional nominating a scare into aging Sen. Warren Mag Grasso, who hopes to be the state's convention to oppose former state nuson (D) this year. The GOP had first female governor, is tlbe heavy Community Affairs Commissioner
office. David Banks, the 48-year-old former GSA offi POLITICS: PEOPLE cial and automobile dealer, has been singled out for Loeb's royal treatment this year, The previously un • Manchester Union-Leader Publisher William Loeb is known Banks is opposed by Executive Councillor John trying to do for a former official of the General Services Bridges, son of the late Sen. Styles Bridges, and David Administration what he did for Gov. Meldrim Thomp Gosselin, the moderate former GOP state chairman. son (R): pluck him from obscurity and put him in The conservative Bridges has been singled out for Loeb's 4 ultraconservative ire; Bridges, in return, has charged failure at the behest of members of their own parties. Loeb with interfering in the race. Loeb wrote a. fourth The last two governors have been elected on anti-cor GOP Cahilidate, John O'Brien, suggesting, "The only ruption platforms. It has therefore been doubling em problem is that, realistically, you haven't a prayer of barassing when a gubernatorial appointee as high the tradition~ snowball in that warm place, so why ranking as the secretary of state (New Jersey has no waste your money and time?" Bridges had been con lieutenant governor) is indicted for corruption. The sidered the frontrunner but Loeb's politicking may secretary of state, J. Edward CrabieI, was the latest allow Gosselin to succeed U.S. Rep. Louis Wyman (R). image problem for Gov. Matthew Byrne (D), whose staff not long ago worrying about how to get their • Oregon's new Democratic nominee to oppose Sen. boss a spot on the six o'clock news and the 1976 Robert Packwood (R) has a chance to unite the state's Democratic nationaJ ticket. Lately, however, like Br'er often-divided Democratic Party. State Sen. Betty Rob Rabbit, the governor has been lying low. He defeated erts (D) caine in second in this year's gubernatorial U.S. Rep. Charles Sandman (R) for the governorship primary and was nominated for the Senate by the by looking clean and backing away from an income tax. Democratic State Central Committee after former Sen. Forced into the latter by a New Jersey court decision, Wayne Morse's sudden death. Although Roberts will Byrne was burned by the opposition from his own have a better chance of unseating Packwood than the party. Ironically, the pattern of repetition in New controversial Morse, new voter confidence in the Ford Jersey politics is so consistent that a deceased secretary Administration may offset Roberts' assets and ensure of state who served from 1948-54 was also indicted Packwood's reelection to a second term. along with CrabieI.
• Complaining about non-conservative RepubIjcans, • The Kentucky Court of Appeals has ruled that Sen. U.S. Rep. Phil Crane (R-Ill.) told the recent Young Marlow Crok (R) should be on the November 5 ballot Americans for Freedom convention: "If a party has an striking down as unconstitutional a section of Kentucky umbrella that big, why do we need a two party system? law requiring the name of the ·campaign treasurer on We may as weIl have one." candidacy filing papers. The absence of that name had threatened to keep Cook off the ballot. Meanwhile, Sen. Cook has puIled even with his Democratic oppo • Philadelphia Mayor Frank (D) and rival Rizzo nent, Gov. Wendell Ford, who had led in earlier polls Democratic City Chairman Peter J. Carniel have been commissioned by the Cook organization. gearing up for next year's mayoralty campaign. Eol lowing Rizzo's unsuccessful attempt to oust Carniel from • Herrick Roth, leading Democratic Senate aspirant his party post, Rizzo dismissed city workers who were in Colorado, recently received a letter from Sen. Wil identified with Carniel; some of these subsequently got liam V. Roth (R-DeI.): "As your namesake and one state patronage jobs through Camiel, who is now look who has been in the United States Senate for almost ing for the magic candidate to unseat the controversiaal four years, I ,would take this opportunity to ask your former police commissioner. Both men may be squirm help for my friend and your senator, Peter Dominick." ing if former Philadelphia D.A. Arlen Spector returns Herrick Roth said he intended to respond - but in to the political scene in Philadelphia as a federal pros stead ask for a contribution to himself. ecutor. • The impeachment hearings of the House Judiciary • The Little White Schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin has Committee were widely praised for restoring congres been named a national historic landmark. In announcing sional prestige. U.S. Rep. Barber Conable (R-N.Y.) re the designation, the Interior Department said: "At ports another reaction from a constituent who walked this one-story clapboard and frame building, on March up to him and asked: "Barber, I watched and watched 20, 1854,53 petitioners called a meeting of local citizens those impeachment hearings, but I didn't see you. to protest the Senate's pasage of the Kansas-Nebraska Aren't you stiII in Congress?" Act which permitted the extension of slavery beyond the limits of the Missouri Compromise. The protest • The resignation of Richard NIXon may aid the Ten resulted in the formation of a new, though local party nessee gubernatorial campaign of Lamar Alexander, drawn from the ranks of disgruntled Whigs, Free Soil who won nearly half the vote in the four-way Repub ers, and Democrats. The gathering at Ripon illustrates lican primary. Alexander's clear victory provided an the spontaneous and widespread grassroots origin of the important impetus in his campaign against former Republican Party. The party coalesced from disaffected U.S. Rep. Ray Blanton, who won an equally convincing local groups in places like Ripon through the Northeast victory in the 12-man Democratic gubernatorial pri and West. Ultimately, delegates of such dispersed as mary. Blanton. who has received only 38 percent of the semblies gathered at Pittsburgh and called for a na vote against Sen. Howard Baker, Jr. (R), in the 1972 tional convention of Republicans in Philadelphia in 1856 Senate race, quickly made it clear that he expected to for the purpose of selecting a standard-bearer." No, make a campaign issue of Alexander's White House "Ripon" is not an acronym. service in 1969 under Bryce Harlow. Blanton appeared to be running against NIXon rather than Alexander, but • New Jersey politics gets a little boring. Newspaper now his attempts to link the two men may backfire. The editors merely reUSe the same headlines every four 33-year-old Alexander formerly worked for both Baker years: "Income Tax Axed" and "Secretary of State and Gov. Wmfield Dunn, and accumulated an impres Indicted." The last three governors have all tried to sive array of 10 newspaper endorsements before the enact an income tax. AIl three have met conspicuous primary.
5 • Commenting on the nomination of Nelson Rocke lina GOP circles, a former Westmoreland aide sug feller to be vice president, House Minority Leader gested that Ravenel's strong primary showing in tra John J. Rhodes (R-Ariz.) said, "I can't believe con ditionally Republican areas of South Carolina presages servative Republicans feel broadening the base of the an uphill Republican battle. The former Westmoreland party is a bad thing - unless they want to keep on staffer, John Courson, attributed the Westmoreland losing and keep on being a minority." defeat to intra-party fighting, the partisan loyalty of Edwards supporters and the assumption of Westmore • Even the possibility of Rockefeller's nomination as land supporters that he would win the primary, leaving vice president angered the wife of New York Assembly th~m free to vote in the Democratic primary. Edwards Speaker Perry Duryea (R). Mrs. Bettie Duryea, angry might have had an easier- time defeating Ravenel's over Rockefeller's failure to intervene in her husband's runoff opponent, U.S. Rep. WiIIiam Jennings Bryan indictment last year wrote President Ford that the Dom, a Congressman Claghorne type who would have former New York governor was "unfit to fill the second been vulnerable as a member of the South Carolina highest office in the land, or, for that matter, even the establishment. Ravenel is not subject to "establishment" office of dog catcher." Her husband's indictment for associations and therefore is a more elusive target for election fraud .was dismissed and the law on which it Republicans. was based, declared unconstitutional. • North Carolina Gov. James Holshouser (R) has been • Republicans and Democrats had expected 1964. in embarassed by secret investigations by the state Depart 1976. In two weeks, 1976 has taken on the attri ment of Motor Vehicles into top Democrats, including butes of a modified 1972. In early August, Republicans Attorney General Robert Morgan, now the Democratic nominated their 1976 nominee in congressional cau Senate candidate. According to an investigation on the cuses which assured the removal of President Richard investigations by the Charlotte Observer, "Many of the Nixon. Shortly after President Gerald Ford was in activities had a far-reaching purpose - to discredit augurated, Democrats showed they have learned little political enemies and Democratic state employes, some in the past two years; a party charter commission meet of them career men, who bureau officials believed were ing in Kansas City dissolved in dissension. Moreover, the Democrats don't have a winner. They don't even disloyal to the Republican administration." Some of the investigations were apparently done to justify dismisal have an attractive dark horse. Sen. Edward Kennedy of Democratic job-holders. The investigation of Morgan (D-Mass.) has been widely badmouthed. Sen. Henry was conducted to substantiate rumors of criminal in Jackson (D-Wash.) and Sen. Edward Mondale (D volvement, which Morgan has denied. Holshouser has Minn.) have produced more smoke than fire in their called the investigations "dumb stunts." presidential searches; Sen. Lloyd Bentsen (D-Tex.) appears to be an unlikely possibility. In the past 15 • It was a good month for Fords. In Memphis, years, the Democrats appear to have run out of attrac Tennessee, State Rep. Harold Ford (D) beat five op tive senators. ponents to win the nomination to oppose U.S. Rep. Dan • Although Gerald Ford's ascension to the presidency Kuykendall (R) Older brother Emmitt won a Demo automatically raises GOP prospects in November, it cratic House nomination and brother John won a Demo does nothing to redress a sad fact. Under the pall of cratic State Senate nomination. Unlike their younger brother, they face no Republican opposition and are Watergate, many attractive GOP candidates backed away from 1974 races. Nixon's resignation does not, assured of election. Since their districts overlap, their unfortunately, alter the quality of' candidates in many one-for-three, door-to-door campaigning will help congressional races. brother Harold, who hopes to attr,\ct sufficient white votes to unseat Kuykendall. • Wooing has its ups and downs. A half hour after his • Tennessee Sen. Howard Baker (R) has been exhibit divorce had become final, Gov. Marvin Mandel had ing his Renaissance-man qualities. He has written the married sweetheart Jeanne Dorsey. Earlier though, first five chapters of his political novel scheduled for Mandel's match with the AFL-CIO became undone. publication in 1975, opened an exhibit of his photog The labor organization refused to back Mandel in his raphy in Washington in August, and has begun work September primary because of Mandel's backing for on a serious book on American government. Baltimore Police Commissioner Donald D. Pomerleau in firing 91 patrolmen after a July strike. Maryland • New Mexico Republicans have nominated Frances Sen. Charles McC. Mathias (R) did receive the AFL Shipman to succeed Francine Neff as GOP national CIO endorsement; however. And the frontrunner for committeewoman. Shipman defeated the "establish the GOP gubernatorial nomination, U.S. Rep. Lawrence ment" candidate, Irene Sentovitch. Hogan, has appeared less like a political extra and • Sen. Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz.) appeared at an more like Robert Redford in recent campaign swings. Augustfundraiser in Columbia, South Carolina whose • House Republicans have a chance to develop a force proceeds were divided between the winning GOP gub ful campaign issue this fall in the House Reform pro ernatorial candidate, State Sen. James Edwards _and posals which powerful Democrats would like to scuttle. the losing- candidate, retired Gen. William C. West Democratic chieftaains and liberals are more interested moreland. The fundraiser was supposed to unify the in preserving poli tical fiefdoms than making needed "establishment" anr1 "conservative" wings of the party changes in the committee system. As House GOP Con in an effort to defeat the Democratic gubernatorial ference Chairman John Anderson has said, the new nominee, former Wall Street stockbroker Charles D. "Hansen Plan" is a "reform charade being staged by 'Pug" Ravenel." In a memo distributed in South Caro- King Caucus and his barons."
6 Johnson, together once again." wilI be able to antICipate economic The objectives were honorable. straight~talk rather than fiscal double EDITORIAL: Their pursuit was half-hearted and think. perverted. Beyond the economic mess, Presi THE PRESIDENCY Strategic politics blinded the Nixon dent Ford would be wise ro reinvigor Adminrstration. Policies were warped ate the Second American Revolution: by what would play in Peoria. Virtues In his 1971 State of the Union ad were twisted by the search for votes. dress, former President Nixon set out The style of government - or rather six goals for a peaceful American Rev The the perceived style of government - olution: welfare reform; peacetime overshadowed the substance of gov prosperity without runaway inflation; ernment. restoration of the environment; an im The crying need ,of the country is proved health care delivery system; a Seoond merge style and substance in a way renewed system of fede1lalism and which will restore stabili.ty to the gov local government; and reform of the ernment and the nation while simul federal government structure. The pity Alneriean taneously diluting the. cynicism which was that President Nixon worked has poisoned the political system. Pres halfheartedly for substantive solu ident Ford has made this task - ·tions to these problems. That does not which looked nearly impossible when mean the goals were wrong. With the Richard Nixon was President - seem confidence of tThe American people and Revolution easy. the trust of Congress, President Ford Ford has !indicated that combatting is in a unique position to pursue these inflation will be his top priority. It is goals to fruition. A seventh element Richard Nixon demonstrated that hard to debate that objective; the prob should be added to the agenda of the one doesn't have to be presidential to lem is that nobody knows the answers Second American Revolution: equal be elected President. Gerald Ford has to economic problems any more. No opportunity for minority groups, wo- demonstrated that one doesn't have to be elected President to be presidential. The contrast: between the petulant presidency of Nixon and the prayerful presidency of Ford could hardly be greater. Ford's instinct for doing the right thing has been virtualIy unfailing in his first days of office. After Nixon's resignation Ford was expected to play the role of a kindly, conserva tive, family doctor, binding up the nation's wounds. Though his bedside manner has been impeccable, the new President has shown quickly that he also possesses the capabilities of an in novative surgeon. Instead of placebos, he gave the Veterans of Foreign Wars a strong aose of castor oil. It is shock ing to have a man as P..!esident who eschews the "easy way' without con stantly reminding us of that fact. It is ironic that it was not RichalCd Nixon's conception of the presidency that colIapsed but his execution of it. matter how !:the President mixes fiscal men, and the poor. President Ford Historian Henry Steele Commager re and monetary policy,· the resu1t is showed noteworthy sensitivity to these cently pointed out that Nixon failed bound !To displease a good many citi issues in his first days in office. bUJt real in his four top obje Ie Congress and the Courts too little, political orphanage and made tilie key centeJ:IS of power. With New i'eucL bud:cllat t1re average cimen was sim stone of the Ford presidency. In the aJism, the nation's locaJ.ities would be .ply powerless; It has l>ecome a virtual aftermath of Watergate, there is no put on an allowance bud: their inde reflex to 'turnto Wuhington for the better time to rev,ive Americans' dor pendence and self-reliance would be solutions of problems which were bet mant capaci4Jies to govern themselves. fostered. Then perhaps, Americans .rer solved in neighborhoods. The de As Congress recently recognized, could no longer blame the "rotten bates . on economic and international Americans don't need Washington politicians" in Washington for their policies will require all of President bureaucrats to force them to buckle accumulated grievances. Ford's leadership. But he must also up for safety. Loatl governments need Style, substance, stability and the take a leadership role in the devolution the tax resources of the federal income devolution of tihe power: these are of politicai power-away from Wash tax to meet local needs, bUil: they do the keystones to a successful Ford ington ~d clO$er to the people. New not necessarily need the persistent ad presidency. They are also the keys to Federalism and special revenue sharing vice of fedeml bureaucrats. The nanon the rejuvenation of the Republican programs ought to be rescued from the has failed to develop bet1!:er localized Party.• and watch while they shut their doors wealth's general scholarship program or it can offer a helping hand. stood at $9,500,000, and the General EOMMENTARY: Many economic factors suggest the Laws stipulalted that at least 75 per latter co~. The capital costs of ex cent of that amount, and not more EDUCATION panding public higher education in than 90 percent of it, be allocated to Massachusetts are astounding, with students at privalte institutions. hundreds of millions of dollars al The governor proposed increasing ready spent and hundreds of millions the total to $16,000,000 in fucal 1975 more committed. and to $35,000,000 in fiscal 1976. At Pushinll A new stalte medical school and the same time, he proposod changing teaching hos~tal, an entire new cam the minimum and maximum pomons pus for the Uhiversity of Massachu to be allocated to students in the pri setts in Boston, more than a dozen new vate sector to 70 and 85 percent re EdueatioD community college campuses, new fa spedtively. Thus, while private insti cilities for all the state colleges and tutions would benefit from the propo a new state wUversity in southeastern sal, state insl!:itutions would benefit as Massachusetts are in varying stages of well, because they would receive a Over completion. The price tag may well bigger piece of a bigger pie. reach a billion dollars before the build In dollars, the minimum that would ing binge comes to an end. find iJtJS way to stare-supported institu Ediliee There is a question, however, if this tions would increase from $950,000 is the most sensible way of achieving to $5,250,000 per year. The maximum the goal of more classroom space. It would increase more than 300 percent Donald R. Dwight does not make sense for the Common to $10,500,000. That Sargent's pro wealth to spend hundreds of millions posed scholarship prog.ram is generous The last ten years of Republican of dollars in the public sedor while to hoth public and private sectors is administration in Massa.cltusetts have classrooms at private institutions sit no accident. The detaJils were worked witnessed phenomenal growth an pub empty. out over a long period of time with lic higher education. Enrollment in How then does state government represenltatives of public and private state institutions has tripled to more help private inst.iJtu:bions when the Con institutions, and both sectors endorsed than 90,000 students and annuaJ. ex stituition prohibits direct aid to them? the proposal. The legislature did not penditures have increased by a factor (A proposed amendment to the Mas agree with the need for increased of five to more than $200,000,000. sachusetts Constitution removing this scholarship alid Il:.his year, and voted This pattern of growth has not been prohibition wiIl be on the ballot in against the governor's proposal. without its drawbacks, however. For November). The obvious answer is The proposal musil: not be allowed as the 'publ~c sector has expanded, by increasing a:.id to students in the setts must help its private colleges and pressure on Puvate institutions has fonn of scholarships. Gov. Francis to die there. It .is clear that Massachu increased. The falling birth rate, the Sargent (R) proposed this solution universities, and it is clear this can abolition of the draft and the pressures dming the most recent legislative ses ;be done withouft: reneging on the of inflation, taken together with the sion.~The governor called for increas . state's commitment to pub1ic higher ava:.ilabiHty of low~cqst public educa ing the amount of state scholarship education. That commi·tment must not tion, have made it difficult for many money for 'Students ailtending both change. WihaIt must change is the atti private colleges and universities to public and private institultions. tude that public higher education can compete. The state can either stand by Appropriations for the Common- continue to expand in a vacuum .• 8 ~- ~------., have gone in large part to creating cities translate themselves into signifi white, middle class suburbs. Under cant tax support for the jurisdictional COMMENTARY: such circumstnaces, it was not neces schools, then there is a chance for sary to be foolish enough to create a improvement. Ironically, if the Su OPEN HOUSING dual school system; the economics of preme Court had supported metro lending in "stable (e.g., homogenous) politan integration, this movement to areas" to "male heads of household create strong schools oriented to the with favorable economic future pros particular needs of minority groups pects" was sufficient to create all-white could have been seriously diluted; neighborhoods. The Civil Rights Com minorities would have been dispersed HOlDes mission hearings on suburban Balti and the opportunity for "communi·ty more County detailed the mechanics control" lost. of this segregation policy. What moti By saying that inter-jurisdictional ys. vation existed to compel the initiation busing is an option only under speci of a formal dual system when other fied and provable conditions of open factors spoke with more subtlety to discrimination, the Supreme Court the same desire? treated education the way the Nixon Buses In order to reform the residential Administration treated housing: no living patterns, the FHA and other one will be forced to do anything but agencies have been forced to adopt "open" discrimination will not be tol by Ralph Thayer more inclusive policies as have other erated. The flaw is that the affluent agencies. In their stead, locally adopted are still free to segregat~ themselves "growth control" zoning ordinances economically. are performing a similar segregating Sharing the spotlight with the deci If minority groups are locked into function. Even if circumvented, these sion of the Supreme Court to force declining urban schools and are in President Nixon to surrender the sub creasingly unable to afford decent poenaed tapes to Special Prosecutor housing in higher quality locatioI!ls, Leon Jaworski was a split decision what prospects have these groups for (5-4) the following day related to busing of school children across gov ernmental boundaries. In essence, the Supreme Court re jected busing unless the surrounding jurisdictions ·in a typical city-suburb pattern were shown to have deliber ately operated a dual system of educa tion. The expressions of relief shown by ·the school superintendents in the securing the education needed to se Detroit area who had been challeng regulations add to the developer's costs cure the technically-oriented jobs of ing the metropolitan integration deci - which reflects itself in higher pur the future? An all-out drive to open sion was no doubt repeated in many chase prices. A minority family, seek the suburbs so that more can attend areas across the nation. ing to escape the city because of successful schools or it will have to One need not be a diehard segrega complete despair at the inability of get serious about totally rebuilding tionist of the old school to have seri city schools to rise above custodial schools in areas of minori·ty concen ous questions about the v!liue of mass status, is .apt to discover concern for tration. The housing and education busing. A Supreme Court decision overpopulation thwarting their move. policy makers housing and education favol'ing metropolitan busing might The refusal of a municipal jurisdic policymakers must begin consultations simply have fueled congressional ef tion to allow more and higher den and end the isolation of their occupa forts to pass a constitutional limitation sity development can possibly be tions. As an opening suggestion, it on such transportation. evidence of "exclusionary living and might be wise for hearings to be held As Gov. William Milliken (R educational patterns. on the ramifications of the Supreme Mich.) pointed out after the decision, Where minorities are apt to move Court decision (in light of the new it does highlight the need for increased - the older, close-in suburbs - there .impediments of inflation, soaring in emphasis on open housing and de is a chance that the school system can ·terest rates, and town growbh limits) segregated residential patterns. Past be revitalized to support their needs. for minority housing mobility. We still policies have literally underwritten a If rhe school's physical plant has not have "two societies; one -white, one • pattern of residential living based on deteriorated, if cite "community emerg black;" let us avoid the perpetuation t distinctions of race and economics. ing" does not inherit exorbitant teacher of policies wherein only those who I The liberal benefits of Federal Hous union pay pacts signed by the "com escaped the cities in the times of easy ing Administration and Veteran's Ad munity departing," and if the pres mortgage money can afford 'a decent ministration home financing guarantees sures for industrial locations near the education for their children•• 9 to the terms of a manufacturer's fair • Wholesalers and retaile.llS that sell trade contract with a single distribu fair traded products are prevented - COMMEITABY: tor, even when they are not themselves by other businessmen - from setting parties to the agreement. In effect, the prices at which they will resell COISUMEBS "fair trade" eliminates all price com their own property. petition on the item in question, no • Consumers are effectively pre matter who has the product for sale vented from exercising free choice in and no matter what his source of the marketplace. Certain consumers supply may have been. may be wilLing to pay higher prices When Fair trade legislation WM adopted for the "quality" or "services" al by many states during the 1930's as legedly made possible by "fair trade" one means of relieving the especi retail profit margins. However, other pecially serious impact of the Depres customers may have no need or desire Fair sion on small firms in the distribution for -so-called "quality service." For all trades. It was hoped that fak trade persons on fixed or limited incomes, would stem the practice of predatory "price" is the most important budget price cutting and ad to stimulate the ary consideration. These consumers Trade depressed national economy. Just how should be given an opportunity to meaningful or effective was the remedy "shop" for lower prices on a particular has been a matter of dispU!l:e for many item. is years. In any event,. more than three decades have passed, and the national That "fair tmde" results in higher economy has changed from one of consumer prices is undeniable. Over severe deflation to one of oppressive the years, several price surveys have Foul inflation. The original justifications demonstrated that products sold under for "fair trade" - to bolster a de fair trade conditions may cost the con pressed economy and to preserve an sumer anywhere from 10 to 60 percent orderly distribution system - lack more than identical products sold in by Louis J Lefkowitz merit in an expanding merchandise so-called "free trade" areas. In 1969, economy. the Presidem's Council of Economic Moreover, ·there is really nothing Advisers estimated the annual nation As a general rule, the antitrust laws very "fair" about a fair trade contract. wide "cost" of fair trade to the con prohibit all price-fixing agreements or Such agreements are inherently unfair sumer at $1. 5 billion dolla:rs. practices because price-fixing is con for the following reasons: In this era of galloping inflation, sidered -to have a pernicious effect on • There is never a guarantee that there can no longer be any public competition, is deemed to lack any the so-called "fair trade" price will justification for the continued exist redeeming virtue, and is conclusively indeed be a "fair" price. Prices are set ence of laws that.l'were specifically de presumed therefore to be unreason by the manufacturer and are not sub signed for the purpose of maintaining able. In New York, as in several other ject to review for reasonableness. They high price levels. The time of "fair states, however, the so-called "fair may be completely arbitrary. Fair trade trade" has clearly passed. It ·is time trade" law presently provides a statu thus amounts to officially sanctioned for us now to renew our commitment tory exemption from the broad man market price-control without tihe safe to the free enterprise ideal and to date of the federal and state Mtitrust guards of government supervision. restore the forces of competition to laws. a significant part of the marketplace .• Where fair trade laws are in effect, a manufacturer may require his dis tributors to agree to resell his product CONTRIBUTOR NOTES only at a "fair trade" price set by the Donald R. Dwight ("Pushing manufacturer. Furthermore, the fair Education Over Edifice," p. 8) is ~rade law makes it unlawful for My lieutenant governor of Massachu distributor, who has obtained a supply setts. Ralph Thayer ("Homes Vs. of the produ 10 -~~------ sentence vitiates deterrence. In the post-conviction hearing, evi To address both problems requires dence of aggravlit'ing factors. in the COMMENTARY: a pragmatic blending of the rehabili offense charged could be introduced tative with the punitive and that re by the prosecutor, e.g., a high level DRUG TRAFFIC quires re-examining not the theory of of participation in organized drug dis punishment, but the process by which tribution, unusually large amounts of offenders are brought to justice. narcotics involved, prior convictions, Today, in practice, the professional all carefully spelled out to avoid capri drug distributor can seldom be con ciousness. A series of harsh, even Senteneinl victed of more than possession. He mandatory, minimum sentences would keeps himself several levels away from be graded by the kind and number visible drug traffic and maintains a of aggravating factors present. The healthy reserve of funds available for Similarly, the defendant or prose legal talent. The rules of evidence sel cutor could introduce evidence of mit dom allow admission of evidence of igating factors which would seem to DrUI his actual degree of participation in warrant cure-oriented sentences: e.g., the overall drug distribution system. a first conviction or drug addiction Such evidence might be irrelevant to compelling the defendant to sell drugs. Seller guilt or innocence of the offense Because this procedure would not charged, e.g., prior arrests and con determine guilt or innocence, the rules victions. In many cases, the only avail of evidence could be relaxed some by Josiah Spaulding able evidence of a higher link is hear what, at least to the extent of per say, usually inadmissible in a pro mitting some hearsay and circumstan Success in drug enforcement pro ceeding determining guilt. Therefore, tial evidence. From a practical stand grams requires reaching two goals si in a process that is designed only to multaneously - rehabilitation of the point this is the only kind of evi determine innocence or guilt, the evi dence available to demonstrate the de addict and removal of the professional dence to distinguish this kind of de drug trafficker from the streets. Our gree of participation of the defendant fendant from the small time user ,in organized drug trafficking. existing approaches often address one pusher cannot even be presented to goal at the expense of the other the judge. In the eyes of the judge, This approach does not reduce the Consider two approaches. In New there is no solid basis for a harsher rights of the defendant since at York the so-called punitive theory pre sentence than that appropriate for a present the judge has wide discretion vails, with severe mandatory sentences small-time addict. in sentencing even for offenses such for all drug offenses, graded by the as possession-wirh-the-intent-to-sell or One method which could be used kind and amount of narcotics involved. conspiracy-to-sell. The hearing mere to allow the crucial distinction be An addict caught with two ounces of ly provides a vehicle for presenting tween addicts and dealers to be made heroin receives a life sentence with no needed evidence to the judge and a before the court, without infringing parole before fifteen years. This ap set of standards for sentencing. The on the rights of the accused, is to pro proach probably deters the profes law could even provide a jury deter vide by law for post-conviction sen sional, but what about the addict? mination of facts. All evidence can tencing hearings in drug cases. These In neighboring Massachusetts, the be challenged· and will be given only hearing could either be requested by the weight it deserves. so-called rehabilitative approach pre the prosecution or the defense. Similar The post-conviction hearing ap vails with wide discretion given judges hearings have been used and proposed to impose light or even suspended sen proach combines the positive aspects for deciding whether the death penalty tences. This allows rehabilitation of is to be imposed in capital cases. of both the punitive theory and the the addict, but hardly deters the pro rehabilitative theory. The deterrence fessional. afforded by harsh mandatory mini The addict-dealer and the profes mum 'Sentences is provided in the case sional distributor pose two separate of .the professional dealer who knows problems. The addict is driven to that he ~ill 'have to face a post-con sell drugs in order to sustain himself viction hearing. The goals of treat physically. He is the least significant ment and rehabilitation would be met and most easily replaceable link in the in the case of the addict who could drug distribution network. He needs demonstrate mitigating fadors in his treatment and rehabilitation, which the case. punitive approach does not provide. The· proposal is no panacea, but it The non-user professional drug traf does offer a means of correlmng ficker sells drugs by choice, for profit. punishment with the degree of par In his case the punitive approach is ticipation in organized drug trafficking, needed, because under the rehabilita a key correlation our present methods tive approach the probability of a light miss .• 11 ny breed. Politically and ideologically, they are loners. They tend to peer through their microscopes darkly, seeing one issue at a time: gun control, right to wprk, DOL Y10TED: POLITICS fluoridation, racial balance busIng, arms limitation, por nography. Thus blinkered, they cannot be distracted by issues on either side." • "Where Were You in 'M." by Arnold Steinberg. Na • ''Ford Should Learn From NIxon's Mmta.kes,"'by tdoaal Review, August 16, 1974. Commenting on the recent Howard Phillips. Human Events, August 24, 1974. ''Thus, Young Americans for Freedom conference in San Fran having a conservative in the presidency, or vice presi cisco, Steinberg writes, ''The YAF spirit is steady, but not rlency is very important in binding conservatives to the strong; Watergate must be part of the problem, because GOP. There are many who belie.ve that the downfall of nearly every speaker (at the conference) spoke of it ... conservative Spiro T. Agnew spelled .the beginning of the YAFs growth has also been stunted by campus apathy. end for Richard Nixon, by eliminating visible conserva SDS is no longer burning the campuses, and a YAF must tive spokesmanship from the Administration," writes the search harder for campus issues. Frank Donatelli, the former director of the Office of Economic Opportunity. 25-year-old law student who serves as YAFs executive "If . . . Ford selects a liberal vice president, and failS to director, is concerned about the drift of the young con install conservatives at (the Office of Management and servative movement." Budget) and the executive branch departments, many on the right will begin to organize behind a 1976 conservative • "Gov. Beagum's White House Hopes Ended," by presidential contender in opposition to Ford, and may Sydney Kossen. San Fra.nclsco Examiner & ChroDicle, even take tentative steps toward the formation of a new August 11, 1974. "Governor (Ronald) Reagan's low pres political party, through which their views might have a sure campaign for president cdllapsed when Gerald Ford better prospect for becoming public policy." took the oath of office. This is the view of top-level California Republicans who told the Examiner the 63- year-old governor privately admits that he no longer sees the White House in his future ... Now wealthy members of the governor's 'kitchen cabinet' and other conserva tives reportedly are no longer earmarking funds for an other Reagan presidential caper. This, coupled with a reviva!l of rank and file party loyalty, could ease the -MARGII RELEASE financial distress of the current GOP candidates for Con gress and state offices." PETERSBURG-On what the New York Times' Wil • "Court GOP BIa.cks, Too," ,by Carl T. Rowan. Wash calls "Incrimination Day" (August I ington Sta.r-News, August 16, 1974. "It was very decent liam Safire 4, 1974), and very smart for President Gerald R. Ford to ask for a attended a performance of Niccolo Machiavelli's Mandra meeting with the black members of the House of Repre gola. It's a comedy of sex and political power in which sentatives," writes Rowan, but he points out that the a priest aids in the seduction of the wife of a not-too-bright prospects for a Ford honeymoon with the Black Caucus are limited. ''The real test of Ford's 'wound healing,' then lawyer. will be not his relations with black Democrats in Congress, At one point in the play, the priest, conscience-stricken but whatever efforts he makes to ease the sense of despair and outrage among black Republicans. For weeks prior by his involvement in the plot, turns to the audience and to the resignation ·of President Nixon, Curtis T. Perkins, admits: "My only consolation is that when many people national director of the Black Council for Republican are involved in a thing, many are involved in covering Politics, was barraging white Republicans with what he it up." called the minimum demands of black Republicans for reform of the GOP." Among the foremost of Perkins' Exeunt the President. Enter a new cast. (Applause. ) priorities is the appointment of a black as a top White db. House aide with Cabinet rank. ''The Black Council for Republican Politics alSo demanded at least 10 blacks on the Republican National Committee; a paid black deputy chairman on the staff of the RNC; top-level blacks on JAWS OF VICfORY the staff of each Republican governor, senator, and rep "In any case, there is material here for a hundred resentative from areas with sizeable black constituencies; long debates. What more can one ask from a book adequate party financial support for black candidates in 'safe' GOP congressional districts so that some Republi about politics?" wrote New York Times national pol cans can join the black contingent in the House; that the itical correspondent Christopher Lydon. Jaws of Administration 'proceed to appoint the hundreds of black Vietory is to other Watergate books what a skilled Republicans promised top-level jobs as a result of their work and competence during the 1972 presidential cam- physician is to patent medicine freaks. Jaws of V ietory paign.' .' ~ does not simply descn1>e the symptoms; it diagnoses the contagion of "strategic politics" and suggests the • "A New Voice for The Blgbt Win«," by James Kil patrick. San Francisco Chronicle, July 18, 1974. "George cure is more party responsibility. Murphy called a press conference the other day, but al Not only is Jaws of Vietory available wherever most nobody came. This was a pity, because the former California senator was engaged in launching a worthy Watergate books are sold, it is also available from venture. The old hoofer purpose was to announce the for the Ripon Society 509 C Street, N.E., Washington, mation of 'American Cause.' Though he wouldn't say so D.C. 20002. For $10.95, you'll get a handle on Ameri directly, American Cause obviously is intended to func can politics. Send a to your alma mater's library tion as a conservative counterforce to the liberals' Com copy mon Cause." Although Kilpatrick likes the idea, he doubts or poly sci department. It might do the country some it will sucCeed and damns the inability of conservatives good. to support viable organizations. "Conservatives are a fun- FORUM Published semi-monthly by the Ripon Society, 509 C Street N.E., Washing ton, D.C. 20002. Second class postage paid at Boston, Massachusetts,