TEXAS

February 1, 1977 Vol. XIII No.3 50 CENTS

THE NEED FOR A MODERATE INFLUENCE Commentary: Texas by Bob Sobel

"Listen, Bob, we appreciate your Right-wing Republicans have taken efforts in Texas, but quite frankly, we quite a different attitude. Their don't want John Tower running someone leadership is the nucleus for a team against Javits in New York. We prefer effort. which draws on the energies of to have nothing to do with Texas Repub­ the rank and file from every section of licans." The year was 1969 and the the country. Whether through a Rea­ speaker was an aide to Sen. Jacob Jav­ gan campaign, the American Conserva­ its. At the time, I rep1ied,"I believe tive Union, or the Young Americans it is important for moderate-progres­ for Freedom, their voices are loud, sive Republicans allover the country impressive, and united---so much so to establish cooperative lines of com­ ~hat moderate Republicans are easily munication. I feel that planning for intimidated by the possibility of a the future is necessary and look to conservative backlash. public figures like Sen. Javits for leadership." Much of this fear of conserva­ tives is really self-induced. Moder­ The meeting ended abruptly at ate progressives are brainwashed by that point. Since that time, Paul their own imaginary "southern strat­ Priddy, a longtime Texas Republican ac­ egy." They have come to believe that tivist, and I have tried to get the by being genteel and undemonstrative, Rockefeller people to take a more ac­ the conservative opposition will be­ tive role in constructing a moderate­ come more compromising, more concil­ progressive movement around the coun­ iatory.. Even if that were' the net try. We have written dozens of letters effect, the GOP pendulum for "accept­ urging Rockefeller to become more in­ ability" has already swung too far volved with the grassroots efforts of to the right. The conservative fringe other Republicans, but 90 percent 9f continues .'to remain .. l.firm in its de­ this correspondence remains unacknow­ mand for ideological purity. 'ledged. It will take a lot more than My purpose is not to diminish position papers and rhetoric for the credibility of Jacob Javits or moderates to emerge with an effective Nelson Rockefeller. They have been challenge to conservatives. To be extremely able public servants and successful, they will have to organ­ their aides have been similarly worthy ize their politics into a team effort of high praise. Rather, I seek to from the grassroots up, cooperate with show how difficult it is to interest those outside their immediate demo­ moderate-progressive leadership in a graphic area, answer their progressive nationwide political effort. The dis­ mail, meet and encourage supporters, inclination of a Javits or a Rocke­ and not underestimate the importance feller have been equally applicable of any Republican constituency. to other Republicans. The trouble is that this leadership doesn't lead, nor In our correspondence, Paul Prid­ does it inspire broad voter participa­ dy and I have repeatedly said that if tion. the influence of right-wing Republicans in Texas were reduced, the national terests. Republicans cannot win when 96 character of the GOP would moderate. percent of the black electorate opt for Letters written to President Ford and the Democratic ticket and Mexican-Amer­ Donald Rumsfeld cautioned the adminis­ icans vote Democratic in similarly mas­ tration not to misjudge the importance sive numbers. Projecting an image which of Texas in its impact on the national is anti-consumer, anti-environment, neur­ Republican scene. Our predictions otically anti-labor, anti-just-about­ proved accurate. When during the pres­ everything in social and health programs idential primaries, it appeared that ••• and then to expect a majority of the Reagan would soon be out of the running voters to favor Republican candidates because of primary losses in some East­ is absurb. Exceeding the bounds of mod­ ern states, it was Texas which then re­ eration and trying to make events fit vitalized the Reagan effort, deliver­ doctrinaire solutions is a death wish. ing to him 100 delegeates in a complete It makes the survival of the Republican sweep. Party as an effective spokes thing for the free enterprise system very doubt­ Communication is essential. No ful. Nationally, the party has dwindled moderate national Republican leader has to about 20 percent of the electorate. shown any interest in whether a moder­ In Texas, it is hardly in the ball game. ate Republican dialogue existed in Tex­ as. Neither has anyone shown any inter­ Are there any public figures who est in building a viable, moderate grass­ might shape a viable posture for Texas roots force. It was this indifference Republicans. I believe that John Connal­ which allowed conservatives to run un­ ly, George,Bush, and Anne ArmStrong could challenged in Texas Republican primaries help. They have special qualities which and gave Reagan 100 delegates. attract people, and they carry as well the weight of national stature. Al­ The attitude of the national mod­ though they have been functioning under erate Republican leadership has been to conservative auspices, I am hopeful that stay within their own safe political they would be open to other views. enclaves---elsewhere compromising, ac­ quiesing to, anq supporting the lesser James Baker III, the'Ford campaign of Republican unacceptables. Sure, manager who was recently suggested as a there was always Nelson Rockefeller and candidate for chairman of the Republican his influence. But that has really been National Committee, is the sort of lead­ the problem. We expected too much from er Texas Republicans should encourage. Rockefeller and too little from other He is competent, credible, and his rise Republicans. to national prominence is the most en­ couraging recent development in the Texas moderates have long been ex­ Texas GOP. It is important that his perienced with indifference. They are talents not be lost and that he be en­ accustomed to a dialogue between estab­ couraged by out-of-state moderate Repub­ lishment(Dallas) and hard-rock(Houston) lican leaders to remain active in Texas conservatives. There is never any cohes­ politics. ive opposition to conservative views. The predominant pattern is acquiesence. Right now, Republican prospects A Bob Sobel, a Paul Priddy, a David Rea­ for 1978 are not good. Gov. Dolph Bris­ gan, an Alan Steelman, or another mod­ coe(D) is .well entrenched and has indi­ erate may come forward with viable al­ cated he will seek reelection---even ternatives but they are the exceptions promising not to impose any new taxes rather than the rule. for as long as he remains governor. Re­ publican gubernatorial prospects in­ Yet, conservatives pay a price for clude hard-line conservatives Hank Gro­ their dominance in the Texas GOP: They ver, who lost to Briscoe in 1972, and continue to lose to Democrats. And when Ray Barnhart, Reagan's statewide leader you compound party inactivity with right­ ---or an establishment conservative wing extremism, the prospects for Repub­ like State GOP Chairman Ray Hutchinson lican success in 1978 are feeble, With­ or U.S.Rep. James Collins. But the Re­ out the help and influence of moderate publican crisis remains: Will ~ courage­ Republicans, the party cannot make any ous, moderate-progressive Republican meaningful inroads in Texas politics. come' forward as a candidate. Will Re­ publicans of like views bodly come for­ The hard fact is that the GOP must ward to support him/her? And will he/ become relevant to the needs of people she get help from out of state Republi­ rather than to the needs of special in- cans? Whoever wins the gubernatorial his best chance for retaining his seat primary must be sufficiently viable to lies in a shift to more moderate poli­ attract independents, minorities, some cies. But without such a moderate­ of labor and Democrats to finish first progressive influence, the Texas GOP in November. Without such support, the will continue to stagnate •• GOP nominee is certain to lose. Gov. Briscoe is vulnerable---but not to another conservative. That principle Contributer Note: Bob Sobel was an un­ holds true to other Democratic office­ successful candidate against Ray Barn­ holders and Republican aspirants. In hart for Republican leader of Harris the senatorial race, John Tower is in County. serious trouble with his own party as well as with Democrats. Ironically,

Politics: Texas TOWER'S TEXAS HITCH

While there has been some spec­ he has lost the enthusiasm that his ulation that Democratic Attorney Gener­ earlier "wunderkind" image wrought al John Hill might challenge Gov. among fellow Republicans. Dolph Briscoe for renomination in 1978, most of the early interest and specu­ In short, 1978 could be a very lation has centered on Sen. John Tow­ tough year for Texas' tiny senator. er's seat. Almost assuredly, Tower One reason cited for U.S.Rep. Barbara will face a Democratic liberal or mod­ Jordan's difficulties in winning (or erate---thereby cutting the advantage losing) a Carter cabinet post was her he gained in 1962 and 1966 from Demo­ ambition to succeed Tower. Other cratic liberals who were more intent Democratic office-climbers include on-taking over their party than win­ Attorney General Hill, Land Commis­ ning a Senate seat. And since Georqe sioner Bob Armstrong, State Board of McGovern will not be on the Democratic Insurance Chairman Joe Christie, and ticket in 1978, Tower cannot count on a U.S. Reps. Robert Krueger and Charles Republian presidential landslide to Wilson. Krueger and Wilson seem to help pull him into office. Further­ be the most enthusiastic runners af­ more, since Tower's intraparty poli­ ter Tower's seat at this point. tics have alienated Texan Reaganites, In an article in the January Texas Monthly, however, Griffin Smith, Jr., argues that Tower's primaryprob­ lems lie with the GOP. Tower has gone through a three-stage evolut±on on Capitol Hill, according to Smith, from right-wing spear-carrier to Admin­ istration adjunct to legislative crafts­ man. While Tower's legislative impact has risen over the years, his political impact within his own party at home has fallen. Part of this can be attributed to his decision to eschew the right- wing knighthood that has been so enthus­ iastically sought by men like Sen. Jesse Helms or U.S.Rep. Phil Crane. That sort of knighthood appeals to the Harris Coun­ ty(Houston) crowd in Texas GOP politics, and Tower has become inextricably linked with the more establishment Dallas crowd. Smith writes: Three reasons emerge for Tower's failure to assume the mantle of Ameri­ can conservative leadership •• The first, evidenced by his mature Senate role, is that he wants to be a team player--- and that is incompatible with the inde­ pendence required of an ideological standard-bearer. The second is that he has an ambivalent attitude toward lead­ Ange~o. Even were one of these to ership: the trials and tributions of best Tower in a primary, they would guiding other people appeal to some hardly have a chance in the November men more than others, and Tower has nev­ election. er been comfortable being a Leader with a capital L. He lacks, for one thing, Meanwhile, 'argues Smith, "Whom­ the last full measure of egotism a suc­ ever the Democrats pick will find Tower cessful leader usually has; for another, no pushover. He has been campaigning he surely senses that the need for a quietly but diligently since 1972--- soft drink create has lessened his ' a marked change from his earlier habit chances from the start. His feelings of letting things slide between elec­ toward the job are summed up in his tion years. His strength in normally slightly disdainful description of it Democratic territory, especially the as 'The Pope of Conservatism.' Good rural areas, should not be underesti­ Methodists (he is the son of a Method­ mated. He has not actively antagon­ ist minister) have no use for popes. ized nearly as many people outside the Republican party as he has inside. Tower's failure to adequately As late as last October, statewide back Sen. Hank Grover's gubernatorial polls were showing him with a 2.5 to bid in 1972 has not been forgotten by 1 approval rating." the Houston crowd. His apostasy was, Like his Senate predecessor, of course, compounded by his support Tower has a reputation for a roving for Gerald Ford in the 1976 Texas pri­ mary. The Houstonites ability to at­ eye for females. Says Tower:"My best friends tend to be women. That's tract Wallaceites to the GOP will nat­ supposed to be characteristic of us turally tend to decrease the influence Libras." 'Like Lyndon Johnson, he won of the Dallas or country club set. his first Senate election on something Tower is in the dubious position of of a fluke. Like the late President, living literally and figuratively in Tower has alienated a signficant seg­ the shadow of John Connally's Republi­ ment of his own party---and stands in can shadow while watching apprehensive­ danger of losing his nomination. It ly for retribution from a Houston­ may be that 10 years after Lyndon style conservative like former U.S.Rep. Johnson ended his political career, Ron Paul, Harris County GOP Chairman John Tower may celebrate or mourn a Ray Barnhart or Midland Mayor Ernie similar milestone ••

poli Politics: RIC CHOOSING A NEW NATIONAL CHAIRMAN

"Haven't we got a great bunch moderates also went out on a limb of choices. It's typical of the mod­ behind Baker. When he withdrew, erates. They wait until it's too late northeasterns began a holding opera­ and end up with a bunch of conserva­ tion behind Connecticut State Chair­ tives," observed one moderate Repub­ man Frederick K. Biebel and midwest­ lican state chairman about the selec­ erners backed Ohio State Chairman tion of alternatives for chairman of Kent B. McGough. When Biebel de­ the Republican National Committee. clined to formally enter the race, moderate support virtually disin­ Republican,.-:moderates did indeed tegrated entirely. Former White seem to fumble the election. When In­ House aide Arthur A. Fletcher, for diana GOP Chairman Thomas Milligan example, received 22 votes to Mc­ failed to catch fire as a candidate, Gough's 20 on the first ballot. moderates rallied at the last minute behind former Ford campaign manager It was clear before balloting James Baker. As quickly as President began that former Tennessee Sen. Bill Ford and other moderates coalesced Brock was the favorite to succeed behind Baker, he dropped out of the Mary L0uise Smith. Contrary to the race. The timing could hardly have usual traditions of Republican Nation­ been more disastrous; a letter from al Committee meetings,-the ballroom House Republican Conference Chairman of the Washington Hilton was jammed--­ John Anderson to colleagues endors­ with people---many of them wearing ing Baker, for example, arrived af­ Brock buttons. One had the feeling ter Baker's withdrawl. Northeastern _ that Brock's ties with the Young Re- ,

The seriousness of Brock's effort was indicated by his detailed response to a questionaire by the Republican Women's Task Force. His answers clear­ ly violated strict conservative dogma, though Brock supposedly "moved right" in his chairmanship campaign. In an swer to one question, Brock stated," ••• if we care about a specific constituen­ cy then let us directly and overtly at­ tempt to involve that constituency in our own processes. In this same sense, I propose that we undertake a major ef­ fort to gain access and voice in our de­ cision process for members of minorities ties, heritage groups, women, young peo­ ple, and others who have much to con­ tribute to this party and its future. We need their help, If our goal is free- dom, and if we are correct, as I be­ l.ieve-.we--a.re-r--tha..t...... poll-tical and econ­ omic freedom are interdependent with one another, then there is no group which cannot be considered a natural (albeit potential) constituency. Their problems are our problems and we must have their knowledge, their experience, and their support if we are to solve those problems ••• In so many words, this party simply cannot just open its doors; it's got to publicans had been put to good' use. go out and bring some people in, and He exhibited his strength with the in the process give them a real voice qeoqraphic diversity of his nomina- in our leadership and in the develop­ tors--"';'.including Illinois' Don Adams and ment of our objectives and programs. North Dakota's Gerridee Wheel---which strengthed his southern base. Former Brock's first priority is the White House legislative liaison William development of a new corps of RNC Timmons, himself a veteran of Young Re­ organizers to assist state Republican publican politics, masterminded the committee. The 100 new field agents Brock effort. would be have their salaries paid by the Republican national committee In winning election, Brock managed and their expenses paid by state com­ to overcome the stigma of his recent mittees. The $1.7 million program reelection defeat in Tennessee by making is particularly directed as recruit­ himself acceptable to all segments of ing new, highly qualified candidates the party. Lacking the backing of Ger­ ••• with a special emphasis on black ald Ford and Ronald Reagan was a long­ candidates." If his initial acts are term advantage. Because moderates and any indication, Brock seems to in­ conservatives were both unable to unify tend to combine the "technician" behind one candidate, Brock was able to and "spokesman" roles of the national put together a winning coalition of mem­ chairman. The new national co-chair­ bers of both camps. The inability of man, Mary Crisp of Arizona, was elect­ Reagan to successfully promote the can­ ed without controversy---and apparent­ didacy of utah State Chairman Richard ly has broad ideological support sim­ Richards---despite the organizational ilar to Brock's •• support of Reagan aide Lyn Nofziger--­ is perhaps as important as moderate in­ effectiveness. Southern conservatives The Ripon Society has moved to: refused to move behind Richards---and some made it clear that former Reagan 800 18th St. N.W. campaign manager John Sears would also Washington, D.C. 20006 be unacceptable because of his role in Phone: 202-347-6477 the Richard Schweiker vice presidential move. COlDlDenlary: The Cily "Urban Death" as Policy by Ral~h E. ThajLer The nation's current urban dilem-. No public policy system is flaw­ ma was strikingly portrayed last fall less, but the current Community Devel­ in two documents. The first was a set opment program seems positively tlele­ of hearings convened by the House Com­ terious. Many people have the impres­ mittee on Banking, Currency, and Hous­ sion that a great deal of public money ing in late September and published as is being channelled to the inner city The Rebirth of the American City. At and justifiably wonder why the evidence the same time, an interesting article of positive impact is so meagre. With appeared in the Public Interest enti­ this impression, it is all to easy to tled "On the Death of Cities" by Wil­ conclude that the inner city is term­ liam Baer. inally ill and without a redeeming so­ cial future. Despite its title, the House study really gives little room for op­ In his article, Baer concludes timism in the area of city futures. that the idea of urban death as a con­ A massive catalog of urban ills is cept should be opened for discussion listed which, if nothing else, repre­ ---"for scholars, if not for politi­ sents the most significant evidence cians." In fact, I would argue that of the strength of the nation's cities. a de facto decision on the subject of Any entity that can be as afflicted urban death has already been made. as America's cities and still survive The heavy-handed demolition of "urban has remarkable resiliency. The title renewal" by the Nixon Administration topic of Baer's article is, however, really eliminated the only moving far more to the point than the momen­ force in made core city areas. Fur­ tous testimony of the urban poobahs. thermore, the stumbling start of the Section 8 Housing Assistant Payments The basic hypothesis is that program has not been a good omen to "Urban death---or at least least those who work in the housing field. neighborhood death---in the nation's More ominous clouds are also forming: cities is coming to pass. It may be Homebuilders are plumping heavily for hindered by expertise, detoured by a new construction program that will cajolery, impeded by charismatic likely duplicate the experience of leadership, and delayed by simple the Section 235 housing program that faith, but it will come." And a si~ drained off stable, central city fam­ ilar notion escapes from the mass of ilies to peripheral locations. The congressional testimony about urban signs point to programs that will "possibilities." work---either by design or default--­ only in peripheral areas rather than In fact, the present distribu­ the core city. tion formula for Community Develop­ ment aid by the federal government There are, perhaps, good and almost guarantees that the urban sound reasons to avoid the central areas who are neediest will be pushed city, particularly if there is a con­ the most rapidly along the road to scious policy decision not to s~rand oblivion. An early examination of current city residents in continued the distribution formula for Communi­ limbo. Many decisions, however, are ty Development aid was done by Dr. the result of the unconscious accum­ Patrick Beaton of the University of ulation of independent actions. Our North Carolina at Charlotte; he found present path seem,s to ratify the "non­ that those scarce funds were going in survivability" of many of the impacted disproportionate amounts to semirural urban areas. counties on the fringe of urban areas. Once received, the funds went to build It is exceptionally difficult "growth-inducers" such as airports and to attract urban investment under the roads. Naturally, the growth induced best of conditions; to expect redevel­ often came at the expense of the urban opmen~ to occur when thousands of lo­ core. A parallel study by the Harvard cal governments in partnership with MIT Joint Center for Urban Studies on federal agencies have drawn up poli­ Community Development patterns within cies which effectively surrender many cities noted that local officials of­ areas to urban decay is unrealistic. ten use their powers of discretion to This is the legacy that has been left shift funds from impoverished neigh­ to incoming Secretary of Housing and borhoods to other parts of the cities Urban Development Patricia Harris. "wi th at least tacit federal approval." If this uncertainty is not eliminated, all urban programs may be doomed •• r

THE CONTINUING DECLINE Politics: Kentucky by Joel Goldstein

The Democratic stranglehold on legislative record for a race in a statewide elections continued in 1976. county which has gone Republican in The Kentucky Republican Party has won five of the last six statewide races only one statewide race (Nixon's 1972 for major offices. campaign) since 1968. Jimmy Carter carried the state by close to 85,000 State Rep. Louis R. Guenthner, votes---down from the 135,000 votes Jr., a Jefferson County conservative, with which he beat George Wallace in is preparing for a race against Sen. the May primary. Kentucky Republicans Dee Huddleston(D) in i978. He will realize that it is exceedingly diffi­ seek reelection from his silk stock­ cult to defeat a united Democratic ing Louisville seat and use the 1978 Party and Democrats presented no open session of the General Assembly to wounds for the GOP to exploit in 1976. expand his political visibility.

Republicans were able to hold The major GOP candidates for onto the GOP's two congressional both mayor of Louisville and for Jef­ seats. Conservative Gene Snyder in ferson County judge have not held pre­ the 4th C.D. was able to build a vious elective office. The mayoral 19,000 vote victory, compared to his candidate is Russ Maple, a local in­ narrow 4,000 vote margin in 1974. In surance executive who lost a 1972 bid the traditionally Republican 5th C.D., for the Louisville School Board in a Dr. Tim Lee Carter was able to fashion non-partisan race and a 1973 bid for a 2-1 victory. alderman in a city-wide contest. Ma~ pIe has been a ward chairman and ac­ GOP efforts in other congression­ tive critic of the regular Republican al districts were less impressive. The organization. His campaign kickoff, party failed to Offer a candidate in for example, was weak on attendance the Blue Grass 6th C.D. which could be bv "country-club" Republicans al1d rel­ a swing district~ President Ford lost atively strong on black attendanqe. the area by fewer than 11,000 votes. Substantial efforts in the 2nd and County judge candidate Mitch 3rd C.D.s were unsuccessful. In each McConnell, on the other hand, is a race, the Republican challenger lost former Republican county chairman by 20-30,000 votes. In Louisville's and a former aide to Sen. Marlow Cook. 3rd C.D., conservative Denzil Ramsey McConnell, who recently returned from attempted to use the busing and gun a job in the Justice Department, is control issues as his springboard to making his first run for elective of­ office. His campaign, which was aimed fice. Both Maple, a leader of the at attracting blue-collar voters, suc­ anti-organization wing of the party, ceeded in gaining few converts while it and McConnell, the "organization's" lost several thousand traditional Repub­ candidate, are moderates. Intraparty lican votes in the middle-class, white­ conflict in the state's largest coun­ collar sections of the district. In ty is largely based on personality an introspective mood, one local Repub­ rather than ideology. lican worker commented:"We learned one thing in 1976: that we cannot success­ The reason for Republican opti­ fully use the busing issue." mism is that Democrats have such tight The GOP's future prospects are control over elected offices in the mixed. The Republican Party has so state that any upward Democratic move­ few office-holders that its source ment has to be over the body of a Demo­ of major-office candidates is limited. cratic colleague. There are already Two Republican members of the state three Democrats starting to prepare legislature have talked about future for the governor's race in 1979: Terry races for major offices. State Sen. McBrayer (Gov. Julian Carroll's candi­ Joe Graves of Lexington, a progres­ date, current state commerce secretary sive Republican, is thinking of run­ and a former leader of the General As­ ning for the "non-partisan" position sembly); U.S.Rep. Carroll Hubbard(lst of mayor of the Consolidated Urban C.D.); and State Auditor George Adkins. County of Lexington-Fayette County. / Their political activity, in many Graves combines a distinguished Fay­ cases, has been directed at their op­ ette County family name with a fine ponents within the Democratic Party. Gov. Carroll and the majority of the tIe again this year. state legislature, for example, passed a bill which required a candidate to The organization/anti-organiza­ use money raised in a congressional tion factionalism which dates back to campaign only for election to that pos­ the 1972 primary has been complicated ition. Thus, Hubbard would not be able by the entry of two additional groups. to divert any surplus money from his The militant anti-busing elements, 1976 and 1978 congressional campaigns who have expanded their platform to to a 1979 bid for the governshipi the include opposition to abortion and gun bill did not appeal to Hubbard parti­ control, have a candidate seeking the sans' sense of fair play. Auditor Ad­ county judgeship as well as several kins, meanwhile, has been using his of­ legislative seats. The black commun­ fice to investigate the propriety of ity has also attempted to flex its several state contracts, and the hint muscle. Two prominent blacks are of scandal has not. appealed to Gov. seeking the mayoral nomination in the Carroll's partisans. May Democratic primary; one is a for­ mer alderman and the other is an asso­ A similar situation has developed ciate superintendent of the Jefferson in Jefferson County. Mayor Harvey County school system. Sloane and County Judge Todd Hollenbach have been vying for support among local Another disquieting development Democrats for the last two years. For for the Democratic Party is the effect a long while, it appeared that Sloane, of the new judicial article on the al­ who is ineligible to succeed himself, location of powers among the county's would challenge Hollenbach for the coun­ constitutional officers. The county ty judgeship{the chief executive and judge, who has been the chief legisla­ legislative post). Sloane ruled out tive, executive, and judicial officer, that bid in early January, but faction­ in the county, has lost all of his ju­ alism that characterized the last two­ dicial functions. The consequent loss three years continues. of political power and control over lucrative patronage positions should The situation is even more compli­ result in political upheavals in sever­ cated by factionalism within the city al counties while the political leaders of Louisville. The divisions on the adjust to the new rules of the game. Board of Aldermen go back four years The judicial article also led to crea­ and coincide with antagonism to Sloane tion of 100 new judicial positions--- that dates back to 1973. The two lead­ 23 in Jefferson County alone. These ing candidates for mayor have alternated new positions will be filled in the as the board's president. Sloane led 1977 general elections, opening further a slate of candidates in the 1975 elec­ possibilities for intraparty friction •• tions which won a clean majority on the board, but several of the defeated al­ Contributer Note: Joel Goldstein is an dermen have teamed up with their al­ associate professor of political sci­ lies on the board to take up the bat- ence at the University of Louisville.

Ripon Society, unless they are expllcitly so labelled. THE RIPON SOCIETY, IN~. ~~~U:~h: SUBSCRIPTION RATES are $15 a year. $7.50 fo~ students. serv­ ID8IIIbem are ycnmg busInea. academic aniij)lOfessional men and icemen. and for Peace COrps, Vista and other volunteers. Overseas wome.a. It has uGffonal h~ers in Dfstriet of Columbia. air mail. $6 extra. Advertising rales on request. Please allow ~ In fifteen cities. Nattonal Assoc:iate ID8IIIbem throughout five weeks for adcireBB ahanges. the fifty slates. and severOJ! affiliated groups of subchapter status. The Sac:lety Is supported by chapter dues. Indtriducil contrlbu­ ticms cmd _ from its pubIiCaticma and contraat work• Editon. Dick Behn .THE RIPON FORUM ~ publisi?-ed semi-monthly by' the . RiJX!n SocIety. Inc .• 1609 Conn.. Ave .• Eclitoricrl Board: N.W.• Washinqton. D.C. 20009. Second class postage raleS~id aI Robert D. Behn, Chairman Tanya MeUch Washington. fl.C. and other mailing offices. Contents ar copy­ Clifford Brown Robert G. Stewart righted C ]976 by the Ripon Society. Inc. Correspondence a dressed Robert H. Donaldson Ralph Thayer to the editor Is welcomed. (Ripon FORUM. Box 226. Charlestown. ~ ml~.) . . Contributing Editors: Clifford Brown, Glenn Gerstell, WiJ.1lcma A. I'D P1~ this maga>'Jne the Ripon ~ seeks to. provide Koelsch, Daniel J. Swillinger. Josiah Lee Auspitz, Richard W. Rs>hn, a formil far fdmm. well-researc:hed pro and for a spirit John A. Rehfuss, Thomas A. Sargent, Richard Cleveland. Mark. of c:riIicfaaa. iDDovmIon,and independent thinIdng within the JJe­ Frazier, Peter Berg, Martin Sours,'and William K. Woods. pabJfcaa Party. Articles do DOt li8cesaarIly represent the opinion of the NatkmCd Governing Board or the Editorial Board of the Techniccrl Eiliton Brian J. McCarthy

RIPON FORUM Published semi-monthly by the Ripon Society, 1609 Conn. Ave., N.W., Wash­ ington, D.C. 20009. Second class post­ age paid at Washington, D.C. and other mailing offices.