-ffiffi i6 September 3, 1971 K

pI {}err Farty Es &dualletmg SEgorouxslY "Renmin Ribso" eriitorlsl

4 Snnssh U.S. Imperiqlists' Militery Adventure of Aggressiom A ln Lqos

,M Experl'enee Revolution in Educotion; Our Y-

8noTfiTr0H$ FH0ffi GllflEftffifiil TTfr(} TSETUTfi

Our Party is now more united, more eonsotridated than at any

time in the past. It has become the core uniting the people

throughout the country for socialist construction.

YJ

The Chinese people firmly supprt the people of the three

Indochinese countries and of other countries of the world in their revolutionary struggles against U.S. imperialism and its lackeys,

Y-, =l

T*,IE WEET(

t r Atbon;on Agriculturol Me1la and Jose Pavez Ahumada lvho Afro-Asian people's cause of unity Delegotion Yisits Chino have come with him on a. visit. against imperialism. Chou En-lai, Member of the Hosts and guests had a cordial and "Back in last July the Chinese Standing Committee of the Political friendly converSation. Embassy in Uganda lodged a verbal Bureau of the Central Committee of protest with the Uganda Government Chilean Ambassador China the Communist Party of China and to against the rumour spread by Presi- Armando Uribe Arce was present at Premier of the State Council, and dent Amin to the effect that so-called the meeting. Sha Feng, Minister of Agriculture Chinese instructors had taken part in and Forestry, on August 29 met Pirro Also present on the occasion rvere attacks against Uganda. Norv, instead Dodbiba, Member of the Central leading members of the Chinese of taking measures to stop rumour'- Committee of the Albanian Part-v of organizations concerned. mongering. the I-Iganda Government, Labour and Minister of Agriculture, in disregard of the stern protest and all the other comrades on the lodged by the Chinese Government, Albanian Agricultural Delegation he Protest Agoinst Ugondu has gone from bad,to worse and in- is leading. Government's Lies vented a new lie. This is a serious Coming to r.isit China at the in- provocation against the Government vitation of Cornrade Sha Feng, the The Embassy of the People's Re- of the People's Republic of China and public the Chinese people." delegation arrived in Peking on of China in Uganda addressed a note to the Ministry of Foreign August 1. The note said: Chinese Gov- Affairs oI the Republic of Uganda "The ernment strongly protests against the That evening, Comrade Sha Feng on August 30 lodging the Chinese Uganda Government's anti-China act gave a banquet in honour of the Governrnent's strong protest against of inventing lies sternly de- distinguished Albanian guests. Com- the groundless allegation made by and mands that the Uganda Government rade Chi Teng-kuei, Alternate lWem- Uganda President Idi Amin and Ra- guarantee against the recurrence of ber of the Political Eureau of the dio Uganda that in the reent inci- similar incidetrts." C.P.C. Central Committee, was pres- dent on the bor.der between Uganda \e ent on the occasion and met a1l the and Tanzania a Chinese coLonel w-as comrades on the delegation before killed. the banquet. Trode Delegotion Visits The note said: "On August 24, Moloysio l\llinister Sha Eeng and Minister 1971. Uganda President Idi Amin Pirro Dodbiba spoke at the banquet. artd Radi.o Uganda made the The Trade Delegation of the China for the Promotion of Interna- They enthusiastically acclaimed the groundless allegation that in the Council Malaysia from revolutionary friendship and mili- recent inc.r.dent on the border tional Trade visited August 22 to 28. During its visit, the tant unity between the people of between Uganda and Tanzania a leader Kuang-tou China and Al|aania. Chinese colonel u'as killed. That is delegation's Chang Razaleigh Ham- an out-and-out lie. Furthermore, the and Y.B.M. Tengku After visiting the China-Albania (the Na- Uganda Government exhibited the zah, Chairman of Pernas Friendship People's Commune in tional Corporation Berhad. Malaysia), dead body of the so-called 'Chinese joint Peking, the delegation also visited colonel' to whip up anti-China signed a statement in Kuala Shaoshan, Shanghai and other places. sentiments." Lumpur. Wherever the Albanian comrades-in- The joint statement said: The anns went, they were warmly wel- It continued: "The Chinese peo- objectives of the delegation were comed. ple highly treasure their friend- strengthen friendship between ship rvith the African peoples, and to the the peoples of China and Malaysia the Chinese Government has alr,n ays realize the understanding reached Premier Chou Meets Chilesn filmly stood for the development oi and friendly relations rvith African colilt- during the visit of the unofficial Friends mission to the Peo- tries on the basis of the Five Prin- Malaysia-n trade ple's Republie of China for the Fremier Chou En-lai and Kuo 1\{o- ciples. In deliberately manufacturing establishment of direct trade betrn'een jo, Vice-Chairman of the Standing the ahove lie, the Uganda Govern- the People's Repurblic of China and Committee of the National People-s ment is obrriously aimed at damaging Malaysia. In this context the delega- Congress, on August 29 met Ju,an the Chinese people's friendship 'ivith tion held.a series of discussions r,vith Martinez Cailps, a leading member the people of Uganda and other Pernas, and, under the auspices of v of the Chile-China Culiural Associa- African countries and catering to the Pernas, with representatives of the tion, and Chilean friends Ember needs of imperialism and the rea-c- Arzila. Jose Pa..,ez Oreliana, Carlos tionary forces for sabotaging the (Conti.nued on p. 18.)

t Septenzber 3, 197L J l

rl

I ) '7

i

I

l l "Renmin Riboo" Editoriol:

Our Party ls Advancing Vigorously \J

set po- T TNDER the close concern of the Party Central Com- in the fight against the class enemy." This the (J mittee lvith Chairman Mao as its leader and Vice- litical orientation for our Party consoiidation and Party Chilirman Lin as its deputy leader, the Party congresses building. The whole Party has kept to this orientation ol the country's provinces, munieipalities and autono- and steadily eliminated the remaining perniciotts revi- mous regions (except Taiwan Provinee) have been for- sionist influence of the sinister book SelJ-Cwl,tioation mally held one after another and new provincial, munic- and the six sinister "theories" (the theory of "the dying ipal or autonomous regional committees of the Party out of class struggle," the theory of "docile tools," the have been elected. This is a most important guarantee theory that "the masses are backward," the theory of for further strengthening Party leadership and doing a "joining the Party in order to climb up," the theory of better job of continuing to fulfil the fighting tasks set "inner-Party peace" and the theory of "merging for:th by the Party's Ninth National Congress and the private and public interests"), and eombated the First and Second Plenary Sessions of the Ninth Party erroneous tendencies to lower the level of our Party or Central Committee. This is a great event in the polit- to obscure the character of our Party. The Party mem- ical life of the comrades of the rvhole Party and the bers have strengthened their proletarian Party spirit people of the s'hole country, a magnificent result of the and overcome bourgeois factionalism. Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and a great \Yhen the Great Proletarian Cu,ltural Revolution victory for Chairman Mao's proletarian line on Party entered the stage of struggle-criticism-transforirration, building. Chairman Mao made ParQr consolidation an important We warmly hail the successful holding of Party phase in his great strategic plan of struggle-criticism- congresses and the establishment of new Party com- transformation. He pointed out: "A human being has mittees at various levels in the localities! We hope that arteries and veins through which the heart makes the the Party committees at all levels will raise still higher blood circulate, and he breathes with his lungs, exhaling the great red banner of Mao Tsetung Thought and lead carbon dioxide and inhaling fresh oxygen, that is, getting the broad masses of the Party members and the revolu- rid of the stale and taking in the fresh. A proletarian YZ tionary people in uniting to win still greater victories. party must also get rid of the stale and take in the fresh, The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is the for only thus can it be full of vitality. Without broadest and most deep-going movement to consolidate eliminating wasto matter and absorbing fresh blood the our Paity in iCs history. During this revolution, our Party has no vigour." Chairman Mao's brilliant instruc- great leader Chairman Mao has issued a series of very tion profoundly reveals the laws governing the building irnportant instructions on Party consolidation and Party of a proletarian party and has theoretically armed the building, guiding us in constantly making criticism of the Party members, helping them use the dialectics of inner- renegade, hidden traitor and scab Liu Shao-chi's counter- Party contradiction more consciously and correctly do revolutionary revisionist line on Party building, in ad- the vrork of getting rid of the stale and taking in the hering to the Marxist-Leninist principles of Party build- fresh politicaily, ideologically and organizationally. ing and in stepping up Party building ideologically and Chairman Mao also pointed out: "Every Party organizationally. Through the movement of Party branch must reconsolidate itself in the midst of the consolidation and Party building, our Party has rallied masses. This rnust be done with the patticipation of all the more closely round the Party Central Committee the rnasses and not merely of a ferv Party members; it with Chairman Mao as its leader and Vice-Chairman is necessary to have the rnasses outside the Party take Lin as its deputy leader; it has been advancing coura- part in the meetings and give their cornments." In line geously and more vigorously along the road cf continu- rv'ith this very impoltant instruction of Chairiaan Mao's, ing the revolution under the dictatorship of the pro).e- Party organizations in valious places have opposed the tariat and has been leading the people of all nationalities close-doc:: tendency and persisted in the mass line. They of the country in winning one new victory after another. har.e carried out an open-door Pai'iy consolidaiion, in A few revolutionary committees at the provincial which the masses helped and supervised the consoiida- level were first set up in 1967. This put the question of tion and building of every Party branch and the eduea- consolidating the Party organizations or-r the agenda. The tion and examination of every Party member. This ci'iterion upon which our Party is to be consoliilated and metirod of Party consolidation in the midst of the masses built is a inatter of principle of vital importance. Chair- has ensutred quality in consolidating the Party ideologi- man Mao pointed out: "The Party orgairization should cal1y and organizationally and forged closer links be- lie composed of the advaneed elernents of the proletariat; trveen the Party and the masses. Y/- it should be a vigorous vanguard organization capable The historically significant Ninth National Party of Ieading the proletariat and the revolutionary masses Congress was convelled under Chairman Mao's personal

4 Peking Reuiew, No. 36 guidance at a time when the Great Proletarian Cr.rltural great storms of mass struggle to face the world and Revolution had won tremendous victory. Guided by be tempered. They have thus enhanced their con- the line of unity for victory of the Congress, people in sciousness of class struggle, of the struggle betrveen all parts VL . of the country conscientiously studied the new the two lines and of continuing the revolution. A e"rty Constitution, and the *ou"*"rri for consolidating handful of proven renegades, enemy agents, absolutely and building the Party was unfolded in an all-round unrepentant persons in power taking the capitalist road, way. During the First Plenary Session of the Ninth degenerates and alien-class elements have been cleared Party Central Committee, Chairman Mao warned mem- out of the Party. Advaneed elements of the proletariat bers of the whole Party, particularly the senior cadres of urho have come to the fore from among the masses of the Party, that they must be prudent and careful and it,orkers, poor and lower-middle peasants, revolutionary must not forget themselves in moments of excitement. armlimen, revolutionary cadres and revolutionary in- Speaking of some iomrades from grass-roots units rvho tellectuals have joined the ranks of the Party. The prin- were elected to the Party Central Committee for the filst ciple of the three-in-one combination of old, middie- time, Chairman Mao said: "See to it that they do not aged and young people is carried out in leading bodies divorce themselves from the masses or from procluctive of the Party at all levels; this means the inclusion in labour while perlorming their duties." Chairman Mao these bodies of both proletarian revolutionaries of the once again sounded 4 warning to the whole Party at a older generation and fine Party members who are time of victory. We should firmly bear in mind middle-aged or of the younger generation and the in- Chairman Mao's teachings and be modest and prtrdent, clusion of new blood from workers and peasants and and guard against arrogance and rashness. cadres at the grass-roots level. Our Party has improved its quality After the Second Plenary Session of the Ninth and expanded its ranks, and is purer and more powerful greater Party Central Committee, Chairman Mao issued a series and has a fighting capacity than e\rer. of instructions, including "Read and study seriously and have a good grasp of Marxism" and 'lCarry out educa- Chairman Mao teaches: "Ours is a great Party, tion in ideology and political line." Follorn ing Chairman a glorious Party, a correct Party. This must be affirmed Mao's instructions, the whoie Party has been criticizing as a fact. But wo still have shortcomings, and this, revisionism and rectifying the style of work in a deep- too, must be affirmed qs s fact." It must not be as- going woy, studying Marxism-Leninism, criticizing sumed that contradictions and the struggle between the revisionism, idealism and metaphysics, opposing conceit trvo lines *-ill no longer exist within the Party after and complacency, and correcting some tvrong practices the Party consolidation and the establishment of new in the style of work and setting everything on the Party committees. Opposition and struggle between correct path. Chairman Mao's revolutionary line has the two lines within the Party are the reflection inside gone deeper and deeper into the hearts of the people. the Party of contradictions between classes and between With problems of the struggle between the two lines the new and the o1d in society; they will exist for a in nrind, the Party members have stud.ied works by long time. In accordance with the requirements set Marx and Lenin and Chairman Mao's rvorks, strength- in the new Party Constitution, we must take the ideo- ened investigation and study, and made great achieve- logical and organizational building of our Party as a ments. The building of the Party ideologically, es- long-term task and take hold of it constantly, repeatedly pecially of the leading bodies, is being raised to a new and seriously so that our Party rvill give better piay level. to its role as the core of leadership, as the vanguard organization proletariat leading peopie of These instructions by Chairman Mao have devel- of the the the whole country great struggles for socialist oped the Marxist-Leninist theory on Part;r building and in the revolution and are a step further in solving the problem of how the socialist construction. Party should be built under the dictatorship of the The Chinese Commr nist Party is the core of leader- proletariat. Reviervilg the process of Party consolida- ship of the wholo Chinese people. Without this core, tion and Party buildin€1, we understand more deeply the cause of socialism cannot be victorious. Once estab' that only by carrying out Chalrman Mao's proletarian lished, the new Party committees at al.l levels must line on Party building, and adhering to the character effectirzely strengthen centralized leadership by the of the Party as the vanguard organization of the prole- Party. The new Party Constitution stipulates: "The tariat, to the dialectics of inner-Part;z contradiction, to organs of state power of the dictatorship of the prole- the Party's mass line and to education in ideology and tariat, the People's Liberation Army, and the Com- political line, can interference from both "Left" and munist Youth League and other revolutionary mass Right be fought off and. a further step taken in buiid- organizations, such as those of the workers, the poor ing our Party into a revolutionary party armed rvith and lower-middle peasants and the Red Guards, must Marxist-Leninist revolutionary theory and style of all accept the leadership of the Party." On many occa- rvork. sions, Chairman Mao has stressed this as an important \.., This Party consolidation is a most profo,und organizational principle of the Party. A11 Party mem- Marxist-Leninist education movement. The Party mem- bers and all departments must enhance their concept bers have seriously studied Chairman Mao's thinking of the Party, place themselves under the absoltlte on Party building and plunged themselves into the leadership of the Party and. reject the reactionary theory

Septetnber 3, 7971 New Farty CosnEmittees Established \,

ryrIlE Tibet Autonomous Region, Szechuan Prov- the Party, Party member delegates from various i ince, tire Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region and fronts v'ho attended the Party congresses in these Heiiungkiang Province recently elected their res- provinces and autonomous regions conscientiously pective new Party committees. studied Chairman Mao's theory of continuing the' revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat Since Hunan Province first convened its Party and studied the Ninth Party Congress documents congress and elected its new Party commiitee in and the Communique of the Second Pienary Ses- December 1970, other provinces and. the munici- sion of the Ninth Party Central Committee. They palities and autonomous regions have successively also criticized the counter-revolutionary revisionist established new Party eommittees. V/ith the ex- iine pushed by the renegade, hidden traitor and ception of Taiwan Province, all provinces, munic- scab Liu Shao-chi and his local agents and criticized ipaiities and regions have set up llew autonomous rdealist apriorism and other reactionar:y fallacies Pariy committees. peddied by Wang l\{ing, Liu Shao-chi and political During the first twenty days of August, the s'sind,lers like thern. As a result, they increased Tibet Autonornous Region, Szechuan Province, the ihsir abilit-v to distinguish between genuine and Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region and Heilungkiang sham lvlar-xism and their conscicusness of imple- Province ionvened their Party eongresses in that nleniing Chairman l,Iao's revolutionary line. order. Guided by Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought, these congresses conscienti.ously summed As stipulateC b,r- the Part-v Constitution, the up the experience of the struggle betlveen the trvo congresses elected ne-r Part-! coir:mittees after fuil claeses, two roads and two lines in their respective consultation and repeated discussions. The Party regions or provinces during the Great Proietalian committees are composed of old, middle-aged and Cultural Revolution, discussed and decided future )rcung people. The first plenary sessions of the rnilitant tasks and elected their nelv Party com- new Party committees elected and the Party Cen- mittees. tral Committee approved: \y Following Chairman Mao's teaching Carry out Comrade Jen Jung as first secretary and Com- education in ideology and political line throughout rades Chen Ming-yi, Tien Pao (Tibetan), Yang

of many centres, that is, the theory of no centre. The a question of what ideology they are to use as guidance Party committees must bring into full play the role of and what line they are to follorv. Leading Party cadres the revolutionary committees, strengthen Party leader- at all levels must conscientiously study rvorks by Marx, ship over economic work, and over consolidating and Lenin and Chairman Mao so that they can truly draw building the Communist Youth Leagug and step up the a clear line of demarcation between genuine and sham Party work in consolidating and leading revolutionary Marxism-Leninism on the plane of integrating theory mass organizations, such as those of the workers, the rvith practice, raise their ability to distinguish bet'*,een poor and lower-middle peasants and the Red Guards. genuine and sham Marxism-Leninism and always keep The localities must seriously study and sum up expe- to a firm and correct politi.cal orientation. Towards rience strengthening Party leadership. in In line with themselves, they must apply "one divides into tlvo," the five requirements set in the new Party Constitution daring to uphold truth and correct mistakes. They fol primary Part5z organizations, they must continue to must carry forward the traditional fine styie of the pfrasp well the work of consolidating and building the Party, persist in taking part in colleetive produc'iive primary Part-v organizations and continue to. strengthen labour, go among the masses, go into practical struggles, the ties between the Party and the revolutionary rnake investigation and study in a big way, conscien- rnasses, A11 this is for one prlrpose, that is, the con- tiously implement and study the Party's policies, ai-rd solidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat must be practice great revolutionary move- achieved fully in every primary unit. in the of' the three nrents (class struggle, the struggle for production and Centralized leadership by the Party means leader- scientifie experiment) consciously use Marxism- ship by Mao Tsetung Thought, leadership by Chairman Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought to remould theil rvolld v Mao's revolutionary line. After new Party committees outlook and constantly heighten their consciousness of are established, a question of prime importance remains, carrying out Chairman Mao's revolutionary line.

6 Peking Reuieza, No. 36 Tung-sheng (Tibetan), Feng Ke-ta, Kao Sheng- - Comrade Lung Shu-chin, first secretary, Com- suan and Pa Sang (a Tibetan woman) secreta.ries rade Saifudin, second secri:tary, and Comrades * tfru Tibet Autonomous Regional Party Com- Tsao Szu-ming, Sung Chih-ho and Liu Hsing, secre- mittee; taries, of the Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Re- gional Comrade Chang Kuo-hua as first secretary, Party Committee; Comrade Liang Hsing-chu second secretary, and Comrade Lan Yi-nung, first secretary, Com- Comrades Li Ta-chang, Hsieh Chia-hsiang, Tuan rade Chang Jung-sen, secretary, and Comrades Chun-yi, Hsieh Cheng-jung, Hsu Chih and Ho Chia Ting-san, Li Li and Ho Kuang-yu, deputy Yun-feng secretaries of the Szechuan Prorrincial secretaries, of the Krveiehotv Provincial Party Party Committee; Committee; Comrade Kang Chien-r:rin as first secretary, Comrade Yu Tai-chung, first secretary', and Coirrrade Kao Jui second secretary, Comrade Comrades Wu Tao, Hsu Hsin, Teng Tsun-lun and Chang Kuei-chin secretary, and Comrades Wang Chao Tzu-yang, secretaries, of the Inner Mongolian Chih-chiang (IIui nationality), Shao Ching-wa, Autonomou.s Regional Party Committee; Chao Chih-chiang (a Hui nationatity n'oman) dep- uty secretaries of the Ningsia Hui Autonomous Comrade Liu Tzu-hou, first secretary, Com- Regional Party Committee; rade Cheng San-sheng, second secretary, Com- rades Ma Hui, Liu Hai-ching and Ma Chieh, secre- Comrade Wang Chia-tao as first secretary, taries, anC Comrades Lu Yu-Ian (a woman) and Comrade Liu Kuang-tao second secretary, and Ma Li, deputy secretaries, of the Hopei Provincial Comrades Fu Kuei-ching, Yu Chieh and Chang Party Committee; Lin-chih secretaries of the Heilungkiang Provincial Party Committee. Comrade Hsieh Hsueh-kung, first secretary, Comrade lVu Tal, seccnd secretary, and Con:rades Before the establishment of these Party com- Liu Cheng, Wang Yi, Wairg Man-tien (a \r7or11an), mittees, the Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region, Hsu Cheng and Fei Kuo-chu, secretaries, cf the Kr.veichow Province, the Inner Mongoiian Auton- Tientsin \{unicipal Party Committee; omous Region, Hopei Province, Tientsin Munici- . rlity and Yunnan Province successively convened Comrade Chou Hsing, first secretarl-, Comrade |teir Party congresses and elected their new Party Wang Pi-cheng, second secretary, and Comrades committees. Leading members of these committees Chen Kang and Lu Jui-U4 secretaries, of the Yun- are: nan Pro\incial Party Committee.

To strengthen centralized leadership by the Party, co-operate with and support each other and persist in it is imperative to conscientiously carry out the Party's using Mao Tsetung Thought to achieve unity in think- democratic centralism. The Party committees at all ing, policy, plan, comrnand and action. levels must practise all people have say" "letting their At present, the domestic and international situation and oppose rtr'ord is issue major "my final." Any of is getting better and better. During the Great Prole- importance must be discussed by the collective and tarian Cultural Revolution, our Party has held high different opinions must be given a serious hearing. It the great red banner of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung is necessary to continue opposing ccnceit and com- Tho'Light ar'ld adhered to proletarian internationalism, placency, fostering modesty and prudence and and- has further strengthened its militant unity with strengthening the unity of the Party. Chief leading genuine i\,Iarxist-Leninist Parties and organizations caCres must have the largeness of mind of the proleta- tlrroughout the rvorld and rvith the proletariat and riat, "be good at uniting in our work not only with com- oppressed peoples and nations the world over. Com- rades who hold the same views as we but also with those rades of the whole Party must fully recognize the im- rvho hold different vielp-s." It is necessary to help portant obiigations we have and must work and study veteran revolutionary cadres give play to their back- even harder. bone role and to train nerv forces with enthusiasm so "We are rnarching forward." "Our goal nrust be that successors to the revolutionary cause of the prole- attained." "Our goal can eertainly be attained." In the tariat ean mature faster and better, Torvards comra

September 3, 1977 7 Ssmssl? U.S. Imperiolists' Militory AdYemture of Aggression in Lsos

T)RINCE Souphanouvong, Chairman of the Central However, it is not U.S. imperialism but the heroic I Committee of the Lao Patriotic Front, and the Lao people who decide the destiny of Laos today' Under spokesman of the Central Committee of the Lao Patriotic the leadership of the Lao Patriotic Front and by relying Flont in a message and a statement on August 25 and on their own armed forces, the Lao people have 28,197I strongly denounced U.S. imperialism for muster- established liberated areas which make up two-thirds ing Lao Rightist troops and Thai troops to iauneh large- of the land of the whoie country. They have again and scale "nibbling" attacks on the Lao liberated zone, again smashed all kinds of schemes of U.S. imperialism demanded an immediate end to the milltary adventure and the Lao Rightists aimed at extinguishing the raging and reiterated the peaceful proposal for an immediate flames of the Lao revolution, created an excellent rev- ceasefire throughout Laos. Prince Souphanouvong force- olutionary situation and thus made important contribu- fully warned the U.S. aggressors and their lackeys: "If tions to the cause of the three Indochinese peoples in they refuse to renounce their military ventures against their struggle against U.S. aggression and for national the Kingdom of Laos, the Lao people and the Lao salvation. While fighting valiantll'. the Lao Patriotic Patriotic Front will resolutely exercise their legitimate Front has recently made new efforts for the peaceful right to self-defence and deal well-deserved counter- settlement of the Lao question. After the five-point blows at the U.S. imperialists and their quislings." The political solution proposed on March 6, 1970, Prince Chinese Government and people express the firraest Souphanouvong put forward on June 22 this year a support for the just stand of the Lao Patriotic Front. two-point proposal to achieve at once a ceasefire parties It is by no means accidental that U.S. imperialism throughout the territory of Laos and let the Lao has intensified its war of aggression against Laos re- concerned meet right after the ceasefire. The five-point political solution proposal put for- cently. On August 9, the U.S. Government issued a and the two-point slatement on the Lao situation, viciously attacking the ward by the Lao Patriotic Front have been warmly Democratic Republic of Viet Nam. Under the pretext hailed and supported by the Lao people of various strata and progressive public of the so-called "massive north Vietnamese invasion" the opinion of the world. Now of Laos, it openly and brazenly asserted that the United U.S. imperialism and its running dogs have not only States "is entitled to withhold complete compliance" flagrantly turned dorvn the reasonable proposals of the rvith the Geneva Agreements on Laos and lvill continue Lao Patriotic Front, but also stepped up their attacks to provide military "assistance" for the Lao Rightists on the liberated areas of Laos and intensified the war and to train and dispatch so-called "volunteers of Thai of aggression in Laos. This can only further reveal the nationality" to Laos. This official U.S. statement de- vicious features of U.S. imperialism v,zhich vainly at- serves serious attention. It shows that despite its "al- ternpts to hang on in Indochi.na. But what arvaits U.S. mcst helplessly bleak outlook" in Laos and the rest iir-rpelialism can only be a more ignoneinious and of Indochina, the U.S. Government is still bent cn acting disastrous defeat. should it proiong iis vu'a"r: of aggression. rashly in Laos. It also shows that the U.S. Government Laos is a close neighbour of China. The Chinese intends to send sti1l more Thai accomplice troops to and Lao peoples are close brothers and comrades-in- Laos to expand the war of aggression there. It is futile arms. The Chinese Government and people are un- for the U.S. Government to try to cover up its o-wn shakabie in their determination to do everything in their aggression with the guise of an alleged "invasion" of power to support the Lao people and the Indochinese Laos by the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam. people to "defeat the U.S. aggressols and all their Obediently serving the needs of the U.S. aggressors, the running dogs." U.S. imperialism wili be defeated! The Thai authorities sent Thai accomplice troops to invade Lao people and the Indochinese people will r,vin ! v Laos, but the result will simply be lifting a rock only 1.o ciiop it on their own feet. ("Renmin Rrbao" eilttorial, August 31)

8 Peking Reuieta, No. 36 r Chinese Military Friendship Delegstion ln R.omonio

flHE Military Fliendship Delegation of the Peo- of interfering in the domestic affairs of other countries, lL p,le's Republ!c cf China rvith Li Teh-sheng, Alternate and of aggression on and enslavement of other peoples. Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Commit- tee of the Communist Party of China and Director of "Our country expresses firm solidarity u'ith and the General Political Department of the Chinese People's support to the heroic struggle of the people of Viet Nam, Liberation Arrnl-. as leader and Tsao Li-huai, Member Laos and Cambodia against U.S. aggression, and firmly of the C.P.C. Central Committee and Deputy Command- demands a political settlement of the war in Indochina er of the Chinese P.L.A. Air Force, as deputy leader through the withdrawal of U.S. troops so that the peo- ples arrived in Bucharest by special plane on A.ugust 22 on in this area can decide their own development with a friendly visit to Romania after concluding a friendly no external interference." visit to Albania. Comrade Ion Ionita said: "Our Party and Govern- The delegation attended the review of the military ment hold that the enduring settlement of the great parade and mass procession in Bucharest in ceiebration issues of international life cannot be conceived without of the 27th anniversary of Romania's liberation. the participation of the People's Republic of China and u,e resolutely support the restoration of her legitimate On August 25, Army General Ion Ionita, Alternate rights in the United Nations and other international Member of the Executive Committee Central of the bodies." Committee of the Romanian Communist Party and Minister of the Armed Forces, gave a banquet in honour In conclusion, Comrade Ion Ionita said that the visit of the Chinese Military Friendship Delegation. Speeches of the delegation s'ill be another contribution to fiiled with warmth and friendship rvere deiivered at the strengthening the fraternal friendship and co-operation banquet by Cornlades Ion Ionita and Li Teh-sheng. between the two peoples and hvo armies of Romania Comrade Ion Ionita said: "The officiat friendly and China in the inferests of the cause of socialism. visit to the People's Republic of China b1- the Romanian At the beginning of his speech, Comrade Li Teh- Party and Government Delegation led by Comlade sheng expressed his admiration for the revolutionary Nicolae Ceausescu was a moment of outstandlng signiii- spirit of defying brute force and daring to struggle of cance in the development of the fraternal friendship and people, industrious and valiant people co-operation between the Romanian and Chinese peo- the Romanian an ples." n ith a glorious revolutionary tradition, Comrade Ion Ionita spoke highly of the Chinese He said: "The Romanian armed forces have become People's Liberation Army as an army created by the a reliable and powerful force in defence of the independ- Communist Party and steeled in the fiames of arduous ence and sovereignty of the country and of the gains struggle against imperialisn-r and dornestic reactionaries. of the peopie's revolution and construction." Referring to the contribution made by the F,omanian Referring to the profound friendship cemented be- people in strengthening socialism and the anti-imperial- trveen the Chinese and Romanian peoples, Comrade Li he pointed acti..zities, ist front, out: "In internationai Teh-sheng said: "In recent -vears, friend.ly relations and our Party and Government are rvorking staunchly for co-operation betrveen the tr..'o Parties, peoples and the establishment of the principles of full equaliiy of a-r'mies of China and Romania have developed enormous* rights among all cou-ntries, respect for their national ly. We are sincerely grateful to the Romanian people independence and sovereignty, non-interference in the and armed forces for their active support and assistance internal affairs of other ccuntries and mutual treitefit, to us in international struggles and in the constructicn and also refrainment from for the the ihreat or use of of our cou-ntry. The Romanian comrades may rest as- force inter-state relations. These principles in ar"e rvin- sured that in the building of your motherland aird in ning wider and wider recognition throughout the world the struggle against imperiaiist threats of force and for and have become sole principles can ensure the that safeguarding national independence and state sorrer- peace and co-operation among nations. \y eignty, the Chinese people and the Chinese People's "Socialist Romania is making positive contributions Liberation Army will, as al'uvays, stand by you and to the struggle against the imperialist policies of dictates, resolutely support you."

September 3, 7971 From the Forelront ol Bottle in Csmbodio v $pecial Enuoy leng $ary Welcomcd

Republic of Korea and Chief of the Geueral Stafl of the Korcan People's Army, Lieutenant-General O Guk 81,o1. deputy leader the deiegation and Commander Both Somdech Norodom Sihonouk, Heod of Stote cnd of of K.P.A. Charge d'Af- Chqirmon of the N.U.F.C., ond Mr. leng Sory, Speciol the Air Force, and Kim Jai Suk, Envoy of the lnterior Part of the R.G.N.U.C. ond faires ad interim of the D.P.R.K. Embassy in Peking; ttre N.U.F.C., soid thot cn unbreskoble union, inde- Ngo Thr-ryen, Ambassador of the Democratic Republic structible unity ond totol solidcrity erist between oll of Viet Nam to China; Tran Binh, Charge d'Affaires ad Khmer resistonts ot home snd obrood ond thot they interim of the Embassy of the Republic of South Viet qre determined to corry the wor of resistonce ogoinst Nam in Peking: and Laotian friends General and Ma- U.S. impericlist oggression ond its Soigon ond dame Huon lVlongkhunvilay. Chou Phnom Penh lockeys to finol victory. Premier Samdech Norodom Sihanouk, Special Envoy Ieng people firmly En-loi ieiteroted thot the Chinese will Sary and Premier Chou En-lai spoke at the banquet. support the three lndochinese peoples in corrying their wor of resistonce ogoinst U.S. oggression ond In his speech, Samdech Sihanouk first of all intro- for notionql solyotion through to the end! duced this eminent member of the Khmer resistance, Special Envoy Ieng Sary. Mr. Ieng Sary, he said, was "a delegate sent by the N.U.F.C., the R.G.N.U.C. and the P.A.F.N.L.C. (the National United Front, the Royal Governrnent of National Union and the People's Armed U Forces of National Liberation of Cambodia) to the Head his arrival in Peking recently, Mr. Ieng Sary, 6N of State, the Prime Minister of the R.G.N.U.C. and the \-, Special Envoy of the Part of the Royal Interior Political Bureau of the N.U.F.C. to bear testimony to Government of National Union and the National United the unbreakable union, indestructible unity and total Front of Cambodia, was warmly rnelcomed b;' Samdech solidarity of ai1 the resistants who can be found within Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State and Chailman of the our country, Cambodia, lvith the Khmer resistants who National United Front of Cambodia; Samdech Penn must accotnplish a mission outside the country'" Nouth, Prime Minister of the Royal Government of National Union and Chairman of the Poiitical Bureau of Samdech Sihanouk pointed out: "Certain foreigners the Central Committee of the National United Front of in the rvorld ha.re tried and are still trying to make in- Cambodia; and Chinese Party ancl government leaders. ternational opinion believe that the Khmer resistance at home and the Khmer resistance abroad are two dif- ferent movements." "Our N.U.E.C. and our R.G.N.U.C. Prime Minister ond Mqdome Penn Nouth a::e 'one,'" he said. "There ar'e only Khmers rvho have Give Bonquet the mission of waging the struggle for national sah'ation A grand banquet, presided over by Samdech Noro- inside the country and other members o{ the N.U.F.C' dom Sihanouk, was given by Prime lVlinister and Ma- and the R.G.N.U.C. who have accepted from the people dame Penn Nouth on the evening of August 25 to the task of fulfiiling a mission over a certain period of r,varmly welcome Mr. Ieng Sary. time outside the country."

Comrades Chou En-lai., Huang Yur:g-sheng, Chang He also poinied out: "Certain international circles Chun-chiao, Yao Wen-yuan, Li Hsien-nien, Yeh Chien- seek to separate the l(hmer Communists fronr the other regard, is appro- ],ing, Wu Fa-hsien, Kuo Mo-jo and other Chinese Party, non-Communist resistants. In this it governme.nt and army leaders rvho had been invited priate to make it clear that my nationalist, progresslve lvcre present. and l\larxist compatriots who are carrying on resistance have decided of one accord to reject aii ideological lr Also attending were Senior General O Jin U, leader distinction or differences between them. They are and of the Military Delegation of the Democratic People's wili be none other than members of the N.U.F.C."

10 Peking Review, lVo. 36 He said: "In effect, the Political Programme of the tional opinion. In doing so they want to rvash their N.U.F.C. whieh governs'and will. govern the politicai, blood-stained hards. Equally, the puppets of Phnorn administrative, social, cultural, economic, religious and Peirh are playing a pernicious comedy with a vic.v,u to diplomatic life of the Khmer nation during the present creating a 'constitution' and staging 'elections' in rirder struggle and after liberation has been wor-ked out to- to try to rnake the Khmer people and internatioiral gether and adopted unanimously by the qualified rep- opinron believe that their fascist regime is placed on resentatives of the resistants of all socio-ideological legal bases and emanates from the people's will. Atl tendencies." these subversive manoeuvres are aimed at sowing dis- cord rvithin the N.U.F.C." Samdech Sihanouk pointed out: "With regard to the solution of the problem of restoring peace to Cam- "For national salvation," he declared, "there is but bodia, the follou'ing is the unshakable position of the one and unique road: this is a revolutionary w4r under N.U.F.C. and the R.G.N.U.C., that is to say, of the the banner of the N.U.F.C." He went on: "As firmly em- Khmer people and their representatives both inside and phasized by Head of State Samdech Norodom Sihanouk, outside the cuuntr5r: 'The N.U.F.C. and the R.G.N.U.C. will never accept an interi-rati.onal conference or a cease-fire "in place,'' siill "The putschists rvho have ustirped state power in less a partition Cambodia or political compromise Phnom Penh since March 18, 1970 must completely re- of a under move themselves from that power and let the Khmer the deceitful signboard of "national reconcilia- tion" or "national coalition" with the traitors of Phnom state returrr to its Constitution of L947. Since these Penh."' traitors refuse to come to such a logical solution, they will be swept away by the armed struggle of the Khmer The Special Envoy stressed: "In my capacity as people represented by the N.U.F.C., the R.G.N.U.C. and Special Envoy of the Interior Part of the R.G.N.U.C., of the P3.F.N.L.C." our people and our fighters, I have the pride and joy to emphasize before Your Excellencies, before you, ladies Special Envoy Ieng Sary said in his speech at the and gentlemen and dear friends, the complete identity past year banquet: "In the and more, in their heroic of views in the conception, position and attitude towards national struggle for liberation against the American al1 the above-mentioned problems among the resistants imperialist aggressors and their valets, under the banner of the N.U.F.C. and the R.G.N.U.C. both inside and out- N.U.F.C. presided of the over by Head of State Samdech side the country, from the two Samdeches dorvn to all '..} Norodom Sihanouk, the valiant Khmer people have won the Khmer fighters and people. The complete identity brilliant victories of strategic significance in all fields. of views on the direction of the revolutionary war of Eight-tenths of the national territory with nearly 5 mil- national and people's liberation and on the building of lion inhabitants have been completely Iiberated. An a new Cambodia constitutes a very powerful factor for entirely new people's po\ryer is born there with the the present struggle of our people till total vietory." mission of building a new life for the people of new Cambodia." Premiel Chou En-lai said at the banquet: "In 1-he excellent situation of the Cambodian and other Indo- He eontinued: "The P.A.F.N.L.C. have developed chinese peoples' war against U.S. aggression and for rapidly by leaps and bounds to a very high level in the national salvation, Special Envoy Mr. Ieng Sary has come fight, both in quantity and quality, both from the view- to Peking from th'e forefront of battle to report their point of political consciousness and from the viewpoint wor-k to Head of State Samdech Norodom Sihanouk and of combat technique. The three kinds of armed forces Prime Minister Penn Nouth. This is of very great - guerrillas, regronal forces and regular forces - are significance to the strengthening of the Cambodian most ciosely linked among themselves, fighting the people's struggle against U.S. aggression and for na- enemy on several fronts, wiping them out in very large tional sah,ation. The coming of Special Envoy Mr. Ieng numbers and mastering the situation completely." Sary rvill certainly further promote the firm unity of people the National United Front Referring to the counter-revolutionary dual tactics the Cambodian and Cambodia and at the same time is a heavy blow to U.S. imperialism and its Saigon and Phnom Penh valets of alt the rumours and slanders spread by U.S. imperialisnr are now resorting to, the Special Envoy said: "In the military field, they have made preparations to launeh and its lackeys." attacks against our liberated zone. In the political and diplomaiic fields, the American imperialists have Premier Chou En'loi Gives Grond Bonquet ordered their valets and aeeomplices to engineer ma- of s, noeuvres aimed at resolving the Khmer problem by Chou En-lai, Member of the Standing Cominittee negotiation or by a compromise so as to gain a moment's the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the respite and to deceive the Khmer people and interna- Comrnunist Party of China and Premier of the State

11 September 3, 7977 Council, gave a grand banquet at the Great Ha-I1 of the mined to resolutely carry their war of resistance through People on the evening of August 27 to warmly u'elcome to the end, and the Chinese people will firmly support Mr. Ieng Sary. then'r to the end!

Present at the banquet were Samdech and Madame "The Chinese people firmly support the Korean peo- Sihanouk and Samdech and Madame Penn Nouth. ple in their struggle for the peaceful unification of their v

fatherland ! Also present were: Sarin Chhak, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the R.G.N.U.C.; Ngo Thuyen, Ambassador of "The Chinese people will, together with the peoples ti-re Democratic Republic of Viet Nam to China; Tran of Korea, the three Indochinese countries, Japan and Binh. Charge d'Affaires ad interim of the Embassy of other Asian countries, wage resolute struggles against the Republic of South Viet Nam in Peking; Laotian the revival of Japanese militarism by the U.S. and Japa- f riends General and Madame Huon Mongkhunvilay; nese reactionaries! Suk, Charge d'Affaires ad interim of the and Kim Jai "The Chinese people firmly support the revoiuttion- Embassy of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ary struggles of the peoples of the u,orld! in Peking, and Madame Kim Jai Suk. "U.S. imperialism is bound to be defeated! The Attending the bar-rquet were Chinese Party and gov- three Indochinese peoples are sure to win! The people elnrlent leaders Huang Yung-sheng, Chang Chun-chiao, of the u,orld are sure to win!" Yao Wen-yuan. Li. Hsien-nien, Yeh Chien-ying. Wu Fa- hsien and Kuo 1\'Io-jo. Special Envoy Ieng Sary in his speech said: The solidarity and friendship between the people of Cam- Premier Chou En-Iai, Special Envoy Ieng Sary and bodia and China are indestructible because they are Samdech Sihanouk spoke at the banquet. born from the common determination to fight against Premier Chou En-lai said: 1\{r. Ieng Sary, Special the U.S. imperialists and their valets. Also, in spite of Envoy of the Interior Part of the Royal Government of the fact that our trvo countries are far from each other, Naticnal Union ancl the National United Front of Cam- we have the same rvish, the same objective which is to bodia, has come to Peking from the forefront of strug- struggle rvith determination, without compromise and principles g1e against U.S. imperialism, bringing to the Chinese retreat, without bartering away and side by people in the rear ar€a happy tidings of victory from side r.vith the fraternal Vietnamese, Laotian and Korean the front and sentiments of comradeship-in-arms. This peoples until the U.S. imperialist aggressors and their v is a tremendous encouragement to us. running dogs are destroyed and driven out of Cambodia and the whole of Indochina, out of Taiwan, south Korea Premier Chou declared: "At present, the whole and all the places in Asia. world is in the midst of a great upheaval and the situa- tion is excellent. The U,S. imperialist position of hege- Samdech Sihanouk solemnly reaffirmed in his mon5, eStablished after World War II has been shaken speech: The Khmer people, their N.U.F.C., their to its very foundation, and the imperialist coionial R.G.N.U.C. and their People's Armed Forces of National Liberation of Cambodia are prepared and ready to wage system is collapsing. The power politics practised by the : until final victory their war of resistance against the j superpowers has met with universal opposition from l medium and small countries; voices for defending state aggression of U.S. imperialism u,hich is aided by the sovereignty and national independence are resounding puppets in Saigon and Phnom Penh, even though such throughout the world; the raging tide of revolution of a war may still go on for five years, or ten years, or the people of various countries against imperialism and twenty years or longer. He said he was satisfied and all reactionaries are surging vigorously with irresistible overjoyed at China's resolute support to his 24th Mes- force. Though U.S. imperialism and its lackeys are sage to the Khmer Nation and its formal condemnation I continuing their sabotage and trouble-making, the gen- of the Machiavellian schemes of convening a new Geneva elal trend of history cannot be altered. The people of conference or political solution of the Cambodian prob- the world, united together, will surely defeat U.S. im- lem hatched by U.S. imperialism and its Phnom Penh perialism and all its lackeys. lackeys.

"Following Chairman Mao's teachings, the Chinese A rvarm atmosphere of friendship prevailed through- people have always regarded it as their bounden in- out the banquet. In this happy get-together, the com- ternationalist duty to give support to the just struggles rades-in-arms of China. Cambodia, Viet Nam, Laos and of the people of various countries. The Chinese people Korea talked cordially about the great friendship and firmly support the three peoples of Indochina in their militant unity of the people of China, the three Indo- war against U.S. aggression and for national salvation! chinese countries and Korea cemented in the struggle \L The three Indochinese peoples have long been deter- against U.S. imperialism and its lackeys.

12 Peking Reoiew, No. 36 Phnorn Penh iJ Lon Nol Clique Foces Serious Economic Crisis

Serious commodity shortages and vicious spiralling Aport from continuous militory defeots ond un. inflation in Phnom Penh has led to sharp price rises precedented politicol isolotion, the lon Nol puppet and made life impossible for the people. The price of clique groomed by U.S. imperiolism is olso in o big rice has shot up again and again - one kilogramiae economic mess. The following repoil shows thot the of rice now costs more than 20 riels instead of four or economic crisis hostening its end. is five riels in the past. The price of pork, chicken ar-rd fish has gone up by a u,ide margin, rvhile that of DURSUING a traitorous policy, the Lon NoI clique is charcoal has registered a several-fold rise and it is I doing everything it can to serve the U.S. imperialist often unobtainable at that. Petrol is also in a great expansion of the war of aggression in Indochina with shortage. In his July 6 radio speech, Lon Nol had to ad- consequential dreadful disaster to the Cambodian peopie. mlt that "the government's (the puppet clique's) rev- enues have fa1len sharply, but our defence expendi- The invasion by the U.S. and Saigon puppet forces tures have increased tremendously. . Our economic and r,vanton bombing by U.S. aircraft have completely , . situation is facing great difficulty." destroyed the achievements made by the Cambodian people in the 15 years before the coup d'etat. Farmland The Lon Nol clique norv cannot do u'ithout "foreign has been laid waste, rubber plantations devastated, aid." It has sent Cheng Heng and others to the United production has stopped in factories and business has States, Japan, Australia, Saigon and Bangkok looking been in a sIump. The output of rice and rubber, Cam- for "aid." Sirik Nlatak recentiy rvent to Washington bodia's major agricultural products, has dropped dras- to beg for more l"randouts from U.S. imperialism. ticaily. Annual rice exports amounted to about half Western press reports revealed that Sirik Matak re- \c a million tons in the past but Cambodia had to import quested more "military and economic aid" from the rice last year. As a result of the sharp reduction in United States when he met Nixon on August 10. He rubber output, exports slumped from about 50,000 tons had the cheek to say that his "government" "could not annually before the eoup d'etat to a little over 10,000 survive . . rvithout continued U.S. help." However, tons last year. In areas temporarily under the puppet facts have shown that although U.S. imperialism has clique's control, even fruit, tobacco, vegetable oil and granted the Lon NoI clique 300 million U.S. dollars, this textiles have to be imported, thus causing a big trade get its Moreover, deficit. An AFP report said that the Lon Nol clique's stil1 cannot help it to out of crisis. contradictions the puppet clique trade deficit this year is expected to exceed 4,000 million the insoluble rvithin riels (72 million U.S. dollars). have become even more aggra'rated. Cambodia's economic trouble is gro'lvlng further as Recently, after Khung Thay Ly, Phnom Penh's the Lon No1 clique, disregarding the people's sufferings, puppet lVlinister of Industry, Commerce and Food Sup- has greatly boosted its military expenditures. Military ply, was dismissed as a scapegoat, Sok Chhong, puppet allocations accounted for 60 per cent of its budget Second Vice-Premier, also handed in his resignation a expenditures. Because of the steady decrease in week after being appointed concurrently as the "minis- financial revenue and the sharp increase in military ter." Lon Nol then set up a "committee on war econo- expenditures, a big budget deficit has appeared. In the my" headed by Son Ngoc Thanh to deal with the revised budget for fiscal 1971 recently passed by the worsening economy. At the sarne time he declared that puppet parliament in Phnom Penh, financial expendi- a new taxation plan lvill be worked out to collect still tures increased from an original 14,000 million to 18,700 more taxes from the people so as to make up for: the million riels, resulting in a budget deficit of more than huge deficit. 6,500 million riels (118 million U.S. dollars). To make up for the big budgetary deficit, the Lon Nol clique has ' The serious economic crisis witl inevitabiy ir-itensify been issuing paper money in excess. In the past year, the political crisii facing the Lon Nol clique. Its op- the amount of paper money in circulation more than pression and plunder of the people can only arouse them doubled from 6,500 million to 14,000 million riels to still stiffer resistance. No matter how desperateiy - - [* leading to a still rvorsening inflation. By iVlarch of this the U.S. imperialists may bolster the Lon Nol clique, year the riel had been devalued by 70 per cent as com- and no matter lvhat political deception the clique eu- pared with the same month last year. gages in, it is doomed.

September 3, 7971 IJ I

Soutlr l{est Alrico v Armed Struggle for Notiono! lndependence Su rges Ahesd

HE armed struggle of the people of South West U.S. imperialism has tried in a thousand and one Africa (Namibia) has been waged for five years. u-ay's to ur-rdermine the South West African people's During the past five years, the heroic S.W.A. patriotic struggle for national independence and done its utmost armed forces have consistently won new victories in to rnaintain the illegat occupatiou of South West Africa their arduous struggle against the colonial rule of the b1' the reactionary South African regime. In October South Afi'ican racist regime which is supported by 1966. the General Assembly of the U.N., as a result of U.S.-Ied imperialism. the struggle by Asian and African countries within that body. adopted resolution terminating the "mandate" The South West African people are a people with a a granted reactionary regime ilx 1920. glorious tradition of opposing imperialism and colonial- the South African ism. For a century, they have fought unflinchingly Supported by U-S. i-rrperialism, however, it refused to and has hung on in South against colonialism and neo-colonialism and for national implement this resolution Iloreover, U.S. imperialism independence. West Africa up to no$'. has joined otler imperialist counkies in arming the racist During World War I, the South African reactionary South Afriean regime aod helped it step up then a regime occupied by force South West Africa, the bloody suppression of the Namibian people. Ttre 1920, the imperialist-controlled colony of Germany. In regime has built in reeent years military bases and air- gave to Y. "League of Nations" South Africa a "mandate" fields on the Caprivi Strip, set up police depots all svsl govern iilegal South West Africa. This in fact meant the South West Africa and carried out repeated shocking South West by South Africa. annexation of Africa mass massacres. reactionary South African regime pursued a The U.S. imperialism's unsparing efforts to preservr the policy racial and militarSz suppres- of ruthless oppression colonial rule of the reactionary South African regime sion S.W.A. compleiely deprived local people in It the stem from its aggressive designs on South West Alrica their basic rights freedom person. forci- of all and of It and its greedy desire to plunder the rich mineral re- bly took over the largest part of S.W.A-'s fertile land, sources there. The "Consolidated Diamond Mines oi designating The Namibian people it a "white area." South West Africa" jointly owned by U.S., British and compelled to leave their homes and settle in remote were South African monopoly capital controls 99.6 per cent and barren t'reserves," where they were subjected to of the d.iarriond production along the S.W'A. coast' The barbarous colonial enslavement and exploitation. IJ.S. "Tsumeb Corporation" completely controls lead and The Namibian people determinedly took up arms copper production in Tsumeb. U.S. oii monopoly capital to resist national oppression. On August 26, 1966, guer- is also trying to penetrate South West Africa. The rillas led by the South West Africa People's Organiza- American company, Texaco, has acqnired a concession tion (SWAPO) courageously attacked the South African to operate over an area of 16,200 sq. miles in Ovam- colonial troops on the Caprivi Strip in northern South bcland, in the northern part of S.W.A. In July 1969, West Africa, thus kindling the flames of armed struggle. the chairman of the board of directors of the U.S. Steel trVorking under extremely difficult eonditions with Corporation visited South Africa and conspired with the forests as their base, and relying on the local peopie, bigwigs of the reactionary South African regime for they have been very active in fighting the enemy on the more plundering of the mineral resources of S.W.A. Caprivi Strip in the north. They have set up training Fu1l of hatred for the oppression and exploitation carnps in their homeland. In recent years, they have by the U.S. imperialists and the reactionary South \z strengthened their rnilitary actions in the southwestern African authorities, the South West African people are region. determined to develop their armed struggle.

14 Peki,ng Reuiero, No. 36 ""1 ln lndustry, Leorn From Taching

I

t I Highlond Forestry Reg ion I

J\TINGLANG is a forestr5r region that can produce emancipated slave. Before liberation. his mother was I \ 100,000 cubic metres of timber a year. It was re- eaten by a rr olf u,hen a slave-owner forced her to look cently constructed in the forestry area along the upper for lost sheep on the mcuntain in a severely cold night. reaches of the Chinsha River on the Yunnan Plateau Every time he remembered the life of misery in the in southwest China- By relying on themselves and old society, hatred '*'elled up in him. Building a working hard, the forestry workers, who were guided socialist, nerv forestry area. he r*-as unafraid of either by Chairman Mao's general line of "going all out, hardship or death. airning high and achieving greater, faster, better and A big bridge had to be built when the highway more economical results in building soeialism," com- reached the bank of a river. Difficulties shorved up pleted Ninglangis three-year construciion project in half because of the frozen water and there was a shortage the time. of water-draining equiprnent and material for building They have built 152 kilometres of highr,r,ays, a cofferdam. The projec.t would be delayed if the erected 80 kilometres of comrnunication lines and workers just waited for these things to arrive before constructed a log depot with a storage capacity of 40,000 starting u,ork. Despite the frozen water, Yihuoyita was cubic metres, six dressing yards and a dozen timber the first to jump into the river to break up the ice flumes. Large amounts of timber were dressed while and drive in piles. Affected by his revolutionary spirit, the project was being completed. The NingJ.ang forestry the other s,orkers followed suit. They finished the region has become an advanced example i.n forestry bridge and the Nghway w'as opened to traffic on which does things with greater, faster, better and more schedule. Yihuoyita was reconunended as an activist economical results. in the living study and application of Mao Tsetung With a difficult terrain 4,000-5,000 metres above Thought. sea level and high mountain ranges and deep valleyg Because of the very tough terrain, the road-builders the expanse along the upper reaches of the Chinsha constructed many winding highways by blasting rocks River is one of the major forestry regions in south on the precipices, levelling hill tops and building cul- China. Some 40 metres high, towering fir, pine and verts and bridges. The highways provided favourable other trees have grown there for hundreds of years. conditions for production and transport of timber the More than 900 workers came to this region in same year the forestry area was built. December 1969. There was a heavy snow on the ice- While the high'r,vays were being built, a standing bound river and the temperature hit elght degrees member Ninglang's revolutionary com- below zero C. Under the pine trees, the workers built committee of mittee led seven workers and technicians into the shelters with tree branches and oil cloth. Leaves and Carrying their bed-rolls on pine needles were used for mattress. forests to do surveying. their backs and instruments and poles on horses, they They studied and applied the "three constantly wound their way over the rugged mountain paths on read articles" by Chairman Mao in a living way. They foo+, to investigate the forest resources, covering a dis- learnt from the u,orkers who had built the Taching. tance of more than 30 kilometres a day. At night, they Oilfield * a red banner in industry vzith greater, - slept in the forests beside a campfire. Once after faster', better and more economical results by self- covering 50 kilometres, they were about ready to light reliance and hard struggle. The Tachir-rg workers had their fire by dusk. When they came over a hiil made the blue sky their roof and the gra-

September 3, 7971 15 rest)." They continued their surveying. Inspired by farms, produced timber and only then built their living the revolutionary spirit of the Taching lvorkers, the quarters. In the first eight months of 1970, the rvorkers team covered every mountain path in the region, and their families built simple houses (tota1 floor space a total of 500 kilometres, and surveyed an area of 120 5,000 square metres) of bricks. tlles and framet-ork sqlrare kilometres. Their lvork gave timely, accurate they made themselves. In the last six months. they U data for opening up the forests. added another 4,000 square metres of simpie houses. Neat r.vhite houses rvere along the over 100-kil.cmetre- After felliirg started, the u'orkers decided to make iong highrvay, in the felling areas in the deep vaile5-s machines themselves to raise the bark-stripping by and in the living quarters. Tl're cost for ever-y squale efficiency stripping the pines. Li Fu-tang, a revolu- of metre is only some 20 yuan. tionary committee member and veteran worker, took the lead in experimenting. There was nothing to copy Because the rveather is chilly and a water shortage. local inhabitants never grew vegetables. Vegetables {rom and the '"vorkers all contributed their ideas. After two months of hard work they, by utilizing old rolled needed by the workers and their t'amilies rvere all steel, finally produced a semi-automatic machine which brought in by truck from 300-400 kilometres away, raised work efficiency more than ten times. Accolding to Chairman Mao's instruction that workers, rvhile rnainiy engaging in industrial activity, should Logs piled up as the work of felling went on. How also go in for farming and side-occupations where con- to get the logs dor,vn the monntain as fast as possibie diticns permit. the revolutional'y committee mobilized became one of the important questions in producing the u'orkers tc reclaim land in their spare time. It timber at a high speed. The old rules said that tractors also organized the houselvives to do farm and side- could not handle a load down an incline of more than occupational n-ork. A production team of 30 housewives 13 degrees, Since the mountains w.ere quite steep, rvas soon formed. It opened Lrp more than ten mu of could this old convention be broken? A veteran tractor rvaste land on a slope to gros' r,egetables. Hard work driver Wang Tsai from China's northeast forestry re- resulted in a good harvest. gions, was determined to solve the problem. His ideas For over the past year, Ninglang's rvorkers and \r,ere supported by the leadership. Along with leading their families reclaimed L,200 mu of 1and. The potatoes, comrades, he had a try on a slope of more than 13 maize, soya beans, cabbage and turnips they planted all degrees and was eventually able to move logs safely on I grew very well. They also raised 1,200 pigs, sheep and an incline of 20 to 30 degrees. Felled logs were hauled v other animals. This not only wa"s good for the workers do',vn in a steady stream. and their families, but it also eased a burden on the 'l The workers and cadres always lived simply - they state and helped cultivate good. ideology and. style of first constructed the hight,ays, built the forestry self-reliance and hard struggle.

Y/

Peking Reuiew, No. 36 -

Revolution in Educqtion: Our Experience .U by Chen Shui-lian, teacher in the department of automation at Tsinghua University

This is the second article i.n a series bg a student that what I taught was "too abstract," they meant that ond t'tDo teachers of Tsinghua tJniuersitg, cliscussing my teaching rvas divorced from reality. This showed their otpn erperiences in the reluolution i,n education. that the inflnence of the revisionist line in education The first appeared i,n the issue before last.-Ed. on me was far from eliminated. f A1\{ a teacher of mathematics. When the first group Many students put it this way: "Science is know- r of worker-peasant-soldier students was enrolled in ledge summed up from the experience of the labouring June last year, I was quite enthusiastic when I began people. But norv you talk only about the abstract teaching. However, I began to have misgivings when axioms and formulae. You never link your teaching with six of my ten lectures fell short of the requirements. I actual problems, so we can't understand it." Others felt that I could do nothing about it and n aited for said: "Now the teachers find it difficult to teach, that the leadership to solve the problem. is also our difficulty. We should unite with the teachers and make joint efforts to overcome these difficulties." It was then that the Party committee and the rvork- They helped me understand my failure in teaching and ers' and P.L.A. men's Mao Tseiung Thought propaganda suggested hov,' to improve it. team called a meeting of all the teachers ln the universi- ty and pointed out that although there were many con- A11 this gave me a lot to think about. These students tradictions in teaching and learning, the first thing to encountered much bigger difficulties in their studies be stressed was remoulding the teachers' world than I did. But to occupy and transform the cultural outlook. Otherrvise, nothing could be achieved. The and educational positions, they insisted on fulfilling the meeting helped me see the way otit. With my own tasks entlusted to them by the Party and their class ideological problem in mind, I studied Chairman Mao's and studied hard. But I wavered in the face of difficul- teaching "In the problem of transforming education it is ties. I pondered over the students' words: "Because the teachers rvho are the main problem" and his other of Chairman 1\1[ao, rve nos' have the chance to study in l*u teachings on serving the workers, peasants and soldiers. a university. But ne can't understand rvhat the teachers say. If all this old stuff isn't changed, even if you work Why u'as m;' thinking als,ays at variance with that hard at teaching, it doesn't mean we have learnt rvell.'r of the students? For instance, I thought the aim of teach- These words made me uneasy. In the past, the revi- ing a lesson was quite clear, yet the students kept on sionist line in education barred workers, peasants and asking what was the use of my lecture which, the1, said. soldiers from the universities, and the few who had gain- was too abstract; I thought that the meaning ',vas quite clear, yet they said they simply couldn't understand; I ed admittance were later expelled because they failed thought what I taught was quite concrete and I spcke to pass examinations in the basic courses. Mathematics slowly when I lectured, yet they said it was too abstract was one obstacle at that time. When I thought of a1l and too fast. They added: "We eouldr-r't really under- this, I became more aware that even if I had the stand you and you seem to fail to understand the strong desire to serve the workers, peasants and soldiers, questions \f,,e've raised." I wouldn't be able to do so if I didn't conscientiously try to make "the most radical rupture with traditional After analysis, I came to knolv that all this revealed ideas," as Marx and Engels had taught. So I rvould the sharp contradiction bet'"veen the old ideology, con- not be able to carry out Chairman Nlao's revolutionary tent and method of teaching and the s'orker-peasant- line in education. soldiel students' demands and process of acquiring knowiedge. They rvere used to understand things through The first thing I thought I should do u'as to become concrete exampies. Yet I proceed,ed basically from familiar with the workers, peasants and soldiers and mathematics and emphasized the logical inference of the then trans{orm the o1d ideotogy and method of teaehing question. I never eame into contact with th,e problems according to their needs and process of acquiring know- arising in actual production. My teaching conformed to ledge. At first I thought some students did not know how the past revisionist iine in education '"r4rich aimed at to calculate. However, a serious analysis showed that it training intellectuals who rvere divorced from proie- wasn't that they couldn't calculate, but they had their tarian politics, from workers and peasants and from otvn ways of calculating. The only trouble was reality^ But now the audience had changed and the aim they could not express themselves and calculate ,| of training was different. The worker-peasant-soldier according to a mathematical formula. The problem, students' criterion in judging the standard of teaching therefore, lay not in their incapabitity to calculate, but was to put knowledge into practice. When they said in our failure in teaching.

September 3, 7977 17 Acting according to Chairman Mao's teaching ing in mathematics by proceeding from concrete situa- t'here again the task of learning from the worhers, tions rvas quite different from the past revisionist line peasants and soldiers comes in," I and my col- which put blind faith in teaching basic eourses. leagues began learning from our students. Once, To be responsible to the students, I raised my while teacl-iing n:athematics in connection rvith suggestion and applied it in teaching. I rvas supported b electro-technics, we asked a student who vi'as a veteran b), the students and the leadership. Teaching in tiris electrician to calculate first. While analysing the circnrt, rvay shorn'ed rathei good results. head and finally gave the class his he did it in his Working r,r,ith the students and teachers in this We asked him to tell us his thinking process answer. specialty for ten months, I was happy to see that the helped him express step by step in mathematical and it students gradually mastered their subjects. Recei-rtly This not only the students how- to formulae. taught we gave them a lesson in .calculus, whieh made all the formulate and made them feel that mathematics was no str-idents and teachers happy. The students said: "Cal- rnystery, but also broke away from the old method of culus is no mystery. So long as we link it rvith practice, pure logical inference. teaching which emphasized it's easy to understand." Some remarked: "We have In transforming teaching, one should often combat begun to master mathematics. We're no longer afraid various kinds of interference and adhere to the correct oI it." This was a big encouragement to me. Although orientation. After the enrolment of the nerv students, there are still many difficultles lying ahead, we are teaching n-rathematics at one period rvas divorced from co::f:dent of overcoming them. specialty ar-rd the needs of production, and emphasis rvas Tnis kinC of teaching has given me a deep on studying theory instead. AJter this rsas corLected, eCutatio::, Each lesson I gave was an actual test another \yrong tendency appeared- negaiing the neces- on rn:' class s=ntitnent. When you could not make the sary systematization of the basic courses and basic train- yeteran srcrker-stuients understand, you lvould think ing. Some people even felt that our helping the students things over. Sub,

(Conti,nued from p. 3.) August 27 met Rudolf Sallinger, Ministry of Transporl, Commuuica- PresiCent Porver, the Mala1-sian industrial and commercial of the Austrian Eederal tions and Electric and Econornic Charnber, the Posts and Aviation Delegation seetors. And as a result of these aud ail Swiss members discussions, the Chinese side agreed of the Austrian Economic he is leading. Delegation he is leading. to purchase 40,000 tons of rubber A The Red Cross Society of China promptly, 5,000 tons of palm oil and A Premier Chou and N.P.C. Stand- on August 23 sent a message care of 50,000 cubic rnetres of timber as well ing Committee Vice-Chairman Kuo the Hongkong Branch of the British as other commodities. The Malaysian Mo-jo on August 30 met Professor Red Cross Soeiety to the Hongkong side on the other hand, would import Charles Bettelheim, Chairman of the Kowloon Federation Trade eonsumer goods, light machinery and of France-China Friendship Society, Unions and the Chinese General and other products from the Peo- and Mme. Bettelheim. Chamber of Commerce of Hongkong, ple's Republic of China. rernitting the sum of 3 million yuan A Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien and cash heip compatriots in Hong- gthers in to on Atrgust 24 rrret all the difficulties caused NE}T/S BR,EFS kong overcome the members of the Experts' Delegation by a typhoon and conveying solici- the A Premier Chou met and had of Romanian Ministry of Agricul- tous regards to them. friendly conversations rvith Peruvian ture, Food Industry, Forestry and Chinese Team friends Mr. and Mrs. Carlos Torre Water Conservation led by Vice- A The Gymnastic from August 10 to 28 paid a friendly and Mr. and Mrs. Luis Gordillo on Minister Gheorghe Moldovan. the Demoeratic People's Re- August 23, and Julio Scherer Garcia, visit to A Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien and public of Korea and was reeeived by Director-General of Ercelsior of Minister of Communications Yang Vice-Preirier Kim Il. The Mexico on August 26. First Chieh on August 25 met Fritz Bour- team was warmly welcorned by the \Y A Premier Chou and Minister of quin, Director-General of Posts'and Korean comrades-in-arms during its Foreign Trade Pai Hsiang-kuo on Telecommunicalions of the Swiss visit.

18 Peki,ng Reoiew, .lVo. 36 of produetion made it necessary to SOCIALIST CHINA IN PROGRESS quickly send out a large amount of d=:--- agricultural and side-line products and lring in fertilizer and farm im- b plements. The barges could not meet the local needs.

A bridge-building contingent with poor and lower*middle peasants as the main force went to the bridge Smooth Soiling on the boats are now sailing the Wukiang, construction site in November 1969. Displaying Y{ukiang once for:bidden to such vessels. the revolutionary spirit of fearing neither hardship nor death, The p UNNING more than 1,000 kilo- Wukiang has an entirely new they started the project. look today. Ships are busy bringing I\ metres, the Wukiang River is an passengers or goods. Freighters carr5z To get concrete poured winter important waterway in southwest in large quantities farm machines, China's Kweiehow and Szechuan of up to the required standards, chemieal fertilizers and daily use Provinces. Flanked by high moun- they thought up different ways to articles to rural wharves along the tains, its navigation course was overcome the difficulties resulting river and take out farm, rural side- narrow and rvindlng. There tvere from lack of temperature-control line and native produets and in- equipment. They worked in shifts rnany underwater rocks and danger- dustrial raw materials to city ports. ous rapids along the entire cour:se. 24 hours a day despite wind and Though a 30O-kilometre section in snow and soon succeeded in complet- Szechuan was navigable by wooden Fraduction Brigades Euild ing two 15-metre-high bridge piers. boats before liberation, fer,,v actually Eridge on Yel{ow River Because of the equipment shortage sailed it and' accidents vr'ere very and lack of experience, the peasants frequent. Saiiing on Wukiang's up- pELYING on their own efforts, ceme up against many obstacles in per reaches in Kweicho\.r/ was even l\ *"rrrb".s of three production bri- building the bridge. But they were more difficult. A saying about this gades of the Shihchuan Commune in not daunted and carried on. For b section went: "A traveller who has Kaolan County, Kansu Province, gone all over China is afraid to ferry northwest China, built a steel cable example, rvhen huge I-beams were the Wukiang." suspension bridge on the Yellow brought to the worksite, they did not Rir.er in 18 month,q. have a driiling machine to make them Guided by Chairman Mao and the into girders. Wang Li-hua, a smith, Communist Party, the workers With a total length of 435 metres and some commune members used responsible for Wukiang's navigation and the main span 165 metres and their collective wisdom and indig- course and the people along the the approaches 270 metres, the 7- enous methods to solve the problem. banks got organized after liberation metre-wide bridge has two foot*paths to improve and dredge the naviga- and a lane wide enough for a truck Thanks to ihe support and concern tion course. This brought about and a horse-cart to pass side by side. of the leadership at various levels enormous changes. Adhering to the and the enormous assistance from The three brigades are Iocated in principle of maintaining independ- workers in the departments concelrn- a river bend walled in on three sides ence and keeping the initiative in ed, members of the three production their own hands and relying on their by water and the other by steep brigades by themselves finally com- own efforts, the rvorkers worked mountains. Communications were pieted the bridge on MaY 20 this hard during three rvinter-spring very difficult. For many generations year, scheduie. peliods in the Great Proletarian before liberation, the loeal peasants six rnonths ahead of Cultural Revolution. Using billets, had used sheep-skin rafts to cross the Their long-standing rvish was hammers and dynarnite. they blasted river. In summer', tragic incidents realized. 180,000 cubic metres of underrvater often occurred because of the slvollen loek, made iraprorrements on 204 Yellow River vrhich caused many seciions of dangercus rapids and rafts to overturn and cost the lives ShanEhai Proclarces More built dykes and dams in 24 piaces. of many peasants. The Kuomintang Consumer Goads Installing electrical devices to haul reactionaries and the landlords often the tow-ropes at L8 places where extorted money from the working of industrial goods there rvere major dangerous rapids people under the pretext of building DRODUCTION I fol daily use in Shanghai has ii-r one 3O0-kilornetre section in ferr.v:boats. But nothing was done. $/ Szechuan, they introduced elec- gone Lrp yeariy, designs and varieties tri.eal-ly operated hauling of tow- Barges pulled by steel cables were har.,e increased and quality has steadi- rope throughcut the course. Steam- provided after liberation. The growth ly improved. Statistics show a 24 per

September 3, 7971 19 cent rise in the last year outpttt value This took place in 1969. Cleansed political thinking and teaching to of such goods over 1966. Output value in the flames of the Great Prole- help other teachers in their work. for the first half of this year topped tarian Cultural Revolution, rural the same period of 1970 by 9.7 per education has developed rapidly. v cent. Many consumer goods, such as Middle schools have been set up in NEWS BRIEFS locks, torches, hair-clippers, scissors, people's communes and primary o Highu,ay Building. new aluminium pans and shoe-tacks rose schools in production brigades in Many highways were built in Shantung and 40 per cent-production of most parts of the province. Universal 30 to Shansi Provinces during the Great some doubled Besides primary school education has been or tripled. Proletarian Cultural Revolution. basically put into effect and middle meeting its grou,ing needs, Shanghai Those constructed in Shantung be- school enrolment is up several times. shipped more daily necessities to tween 1966 and 19?0 totalled more other parts of the country in 1970. A group of primary school teachers than 5,800 kilometres long. Eighty- Total output value of these was 51 was transferred to teach in middle five of the provinee's 111 counties and per cent above that of 1966. schools. Many educated youths who cities have asphalt highways and peo- had settled in the countryside and p1e's communes have Thus The distinguishing features of these highways. demobilized armymen rrere also ap- initially industrial goods lie in the w'ide range a highway netrvork has been pointed teachers. One urgent task set up in the province. of varieties produced by scattered, was to raise the leve1 of teachers small factories in different trades. To at their posts as quickly as possible. Total rnileage of main highlvays boost production of daily necessities, built and rebuiit in Shansi Province the Shanghai municipality has in Some revolutionary teachers and last year is the greatest in its history. many resp€cts strengthened its leader- students of Kwangtung Teachers' These highways run mainly into ship in work. It has put into effect College earried out investigations in out-of-the-rvay counties and moun- a system of management at different the countryside. They suggested tain areas. \lotor vehicles now go levels in various trades in more than sending mobile teacher groups to the through more than 100 counties and 2,200 factories turning out daily use rural areas. The college leadership 90 per cent of the province's people's commodities. In its industrial pro- and teachers and students considered communes. Many factories, mines duction plan, it included 51 categories this a way of training teachers with and forestry areas have their special of 260 industrial products to ensure greater, faster, better and more eco- motorways. Y supplies of raw and other materials. nomical results. The mobile teacher o Nelv Open Hearth Furr:ace Steel- groups were a result. To improve quality and increase Making Record. The workers, cadres designs and varietics more effectively, In the last two years, the college and technicians of the Tientsin No. 1 factories began last February setting has sent 31 such groups to Kr.vang- Steel Plant, combining their efforts up special counters in the shops u'ith tung's 40 counties and municipalities to prolong the life of the roof of 25 categories of goods, including cold to train more than 8,000 teachers for open hearth furnaces, have engaged large*scale innovations. cream, enamels, plastic'goods, rubber secondary and primary schools. They in technical They created a new record by pro- shoes and ready-made clothes, and also helped train nearly 10,000 dueing 1,375 heats of steel at a stretch canvassing opinions from consumers. teachers teaching in 91 communes. in an open hearth furnace, thereby By the end of June, they had added About 200 teachers took part in this. gaining new experience in increasing over 690 varieties to the list to meet The mobile teacher groups based production and practising economy in consumer demands. their work on local conditions. For this steel-making process. instance. they opened classes for . More Antlers. Kirin Province's teachers in which such teacher- Mobile Teoching Groups Shuangyang County has a long his- students studied Chairman Mao's tory of breeding fallorv-deer whose Tcachers College thinking on educational revolution k-WANGTUNG antlers are a special product of the r\ has been carrying out the prin- for three to six months, summed up county. Shuangyang had a 20 per ciple of "walking on trvo legs', in and exchanged their experience and cent increase in the number of running schools. Apart from open- studied relevant vocational know- antlers this year over last year's and ing classes for teacher ledge. The groups training at the went to people's provided the state with antlers lvorth college, has sent 12 communes production it mobile teach- and brigades more than 600,000 yuan. Antlers, the ing groups (each consisting of about in hilly and remote areas to help not yet ossified horns of male ten teachers and cadres) to the teachers at secondary and primary fallow-deer, is a valuable traditional Kwangtung countryside and moun- schools in their spare-time studies or Chinese medicine. Four state farms v tainous areas to help train seconclary run short-term training classes. They and 15 people's communes in the and primary school teachers. organized teachers good ln both county are now breeding fallow-deer.

20 Peki,ng Reuiew, No. 36 less they may be, they can in no way ROUND THE WORLD escape that humiliating defeat." %l//1/ry2)ztzi///////.///////z////.////,/////// U U.A,R., LIBYA AND SYRIA Doftoscus Declsrotion LAOS encircling and annihilating bandits and enemy rangers who had intruded Anwar Sadat, President of the U.A.R., Moamer Kazafi, Chairman Potriotic Armymen ond People into the area south of Saravane City. of Libyan Revolutionary Command Botter the Enemy After sustaining an ignominious Council, and Hafez Assad, President defeat in their military adventure on of Syria, held a summit confereilce The Laotian patriotic armed forces Highway 9, U.S. imperialism and its in Damascus from August 18 to 20 and people have recently won fresh lackeys sent more Thai troops into and si.gned a draft constitution for victories in striking at enemy troops Laos and, mustering various types oI the Federation of Arab Republics conducting "nibbling" attacks on the armed forces, unleashed large-scale and the Damascus Declaration in the liberated zone. "nibbling" attacks on the Laotian afternoon of August 20, liberated zone. the same time, From August 1 to 20, the patriotic At The Damascus Declaration reiter- the U.S. air force sent B-52s ln- armed forces and people in Xieng to ated the cardinal Arab position vis- tensify the destructive bombing Khoang Province mounted con- a-vis fsrael: No peace, no negotia- throughout Laos, from south to tinuous counter-attacks on enemy the tion Israel, relinquishing of the north. with no troops conducting "mopping-up', and an inch of occupied Arab territory, "nibbling" operations in the southern But U.S. imperialism cannot save no sell-out and no bargaining on the and northern parts of the Plain of itself from defeat by stepping up its Palestinian cause. Jars. They wiped Z7O out over war of aggression in Laos. On enemy troops, shot down 4 U.S. air- The Ceclaration condemned Israel August 2, the U.S. Senate r,vas forced for its intensified atrocities and sup- craft and damaged many others, and to make public a document which pression of the Arab inhabitants in captured or destroyed nearly 100 admitted that the "secret rvar that the occupied land. weapons of various types and a large the United States has been conduct- quantity of war supplies. ing in Laos" since 1962 is on the It pointed out that U.S.-Ied world point of complete defeat. imperialism has increased its hos- From the evening of August \, 10 to tility towards the Arab nation, and 12, the patriotic armed forces and However, U.S. imperialism is con- is feverishly trying to split and people in Savannakhet Province at- tinuing to expand its war of aggres- weaken the Arab front against the tacked enemy strongholds in north sion in Laos. As pointed out in the enemy and resolve the war in Dong Hen and east Phalan and rviped statement issured by the spokesman Israel's favour. out nearly 60 enemy troops. On of the Central Committee of the Lao August 16, they intercepted enemy Patriotic Eront on August 26, this The crackdown on the Palestinian troops on their way to "mop up', the rvar adventure of U.S. imperialism r,esistance in Jordan, the declaration south of Muong Phalan. Thus,'they and its lackeys clearly reveals the added, is part and parcel of an all- foiled the enemy's "mopping-up', stubbornness and rvarlike nature of out propelled imperialist-Zionist plan pian, inllicted casualties on him and U.S. impei'ialism and its lackeys. It aimed at protecting Israeli occupation captured a quantity of weapons. is a flagrant challenge to the peace- of Arab territory. From the evening August justice-loving of 23 to and people of the Zionist-imperialist plans against da'"vn the follorving day, the patriotic w'orld. the Arabs are doomed to failure be- armed forces and people again raided of Arab people's determina- an important enemy stronghold Prince Souphanouvong, Chairman cause the in tion to liberate their territories, the north Dong Hen and put 1? enemy of the Central Committee of the Lao declaration said. troops out of action. Patriotic Front, in a message to Prince Sotrvanna Phouma on August A referendum is to be held in the From the evening of August 18 to 25, strongly denounced the U.S. im- three countries on September 1 in dawn the patriotic armed forces and perialists and their henchmen for regard to the establishment of the people in Saravane Province opened rcfusing to settle the Laotian ques- federation and the approval of its intensive artillery fire on the strong- tion thror-rgh peaceful negotiations draft constitution. holds and artillery positions of the and continuing to expand the lvar Rightist forces in Phac Cut area. of aggression in Laos. He pointed CAPiTALIST WOP.LD They inflicteC heavy losses on the out in the message: "The U.S. im- enemy and forced them to abandon perialists are sustaining big defeats U.S'. "New Economic Policy" these positions. On August 24, tine on all battlefronts in the Indochlnese \, regional forces in Saravane District countries. They are facing the danger Csurses Greot Confusion killed 12 enemy troops and captured of being completely driven out of this The so-called "new economic a quantity of arms and supplies in region. However stubborn and reck- policy" announced by U.S. President

September 3, 7971 21 Nixon on August 15 has thrown the which is tied up v,ith the uncer- Malfatti of Italy supported the whole capitalist worlci into great con- lainty of a national economic con- French proposal to hold a summit fusion and alarm, bringing on a juncture and unconformable with meeting of the six and the four can- monetary upheaval in the capitaiist the principle of "the balance of pay- didate countries - Britain, Denmark, worid, unprecedented since World ments." It also charged that the U.S. Ireland and Norway on the U.S. v War IL Government measures were under- "new economic policy."- mining all existing regulations for West Europe. Although foreign Attaching U.S. economic hegemony, In intenrational currency and trade of exchange markets in West European Swedish Prime Mini.ster Olof Palme the capitalist countries. It made clear countries reopened on August 23 said on August 17 that the United that France would continue to main- after a week-long suspension of all States spoke as a big porver. Srvedish tain the present parity betrveen the foreign exchange dealings following Minister of Industry Rune Johansson franc and gold. Nixon's announcement, it was report- said at a meeting in Sundsvall on ed, an atmosphere of "general un- Commenting on the comrnunique. August 1B that Nixon's lneasures certainty" still prevailed and "trad- A.FP said on August 18, "As to the were a selfish way to save the U.S. ing was at a minimum." Fiench Government, it rvants to urge econoiny. He opposed the U.S. Gov- its European partners to group er:nment for trying to solve its cwn Corumenting on Nixon's measllres, together to resist American domina- serious problem by sacrificing other some Western papers pointed out: tion. first of all to resist the decision countries' interests. myth of the dollar has been "The made by President Nixon." exploded, and. with it. the u/hole The U.S. decision to impose a 10 monetary and financial structure of The Italian Government held a per cent import surcharge has also the Western world has collapsed"; meeting on August 18 to discuss the aroused strong opposition among the "ihe U.S. dollar has fallen from the U.S. economic and monetary meas- \Yestern countries. Relerring to the throne of currency," Many news- ures. According to Ansa News adverse effects of the U.S. measures papers held that the measures have Agency, the rneeting agreed upon on West German exports, West Ger- started a new and more violent ."the necessity for an effective reform man Chancellor Wil1y Brandt said on monetary war among Western coun- of the international monetary August 18 that West Germany will tries and a new trade war wiLl break s5rstem." Italian Minister of the continue to strive for a competitive out following prclongation of the T.reasury Mario Ferrari Aggradi said export economy. He said that it was monetary war. in Rome on August 17, "For years we prepared to deal with the danger of weakening the economy which it did Immediately after Nixon's "new Italians have said that the monetary not want to see. Y eeonomic policy" was announced, system based on the hierarchy of there were strong repercussions by countries is unacceptable." In Cauada. Canadian Prime Minister various governments, official quar- In an August 16 statement on the Trudeau i.ssued a statement on August saying de- ters, and economic and monetary cir- U.S. "new economic policy," the West 20 that the U.S. per cles as well as newspapers in West- German Federal Ministry o.[ Eco- cision to irnpose a 10 cent import surcharge was a blow" ern countries. They denounced the nomics and Finance saiil, "the latest "tough to his govern- United States for adopting such self- event underlir"res the necessity lor inr- country. Canada has sent a ish measures as shifting the trouble proving the international monetary ment delegation to make clear to the was on to others to get out of its olvn system." The statement noted that U.S. Government that "there no justificati.on what was doing cri.sis. The governments of some the West German Government and for it to Canada." cannot sit mutetry countries called emergency meetings the lVest German Federal Bank "wil1 "We to seek counter-measures, while hold close consultation with their and absorb the impact of this United otheis held joint discussions to take European partners before further States surcharge." collective measures against U.S. action is taken." fn Japan. Japanese Prime Minister hegemony. proud An emergency meeting by ihe fi- Eisaku Sato who has been of consultations" A communique issued after the nance and eeonomic ministers of the "close contacts a-nd with Government was not French Cabinet meeting on AugusL six Cornmon N{arket countries on Au- the U.S. "consulted" at all before the Nixon 18 said that as a result of "the pres- gust 19 and 20 discussed rvays to deal announcement. ent perturbation in the interna- with the situation created by the U.S. tional monetary system," the French "netrv economic policy" in Western The Japanese press disclosed that Government held that "it is neces* Errrope. Anthony Barber, Britain's Sato hurriedly cailed an emergency sary to re-examine the international Chancellor of the Exchequer, attend- meeting on August 17 to siudy meas- monetary system completely at a ed t'he irreeting as an observer. The ures to cope with the sittration. It suitable time." The communique con-rmuniqne of the meeting criticized was attended by the ministers of attacked the capitalist world's inter- the United States for creating "great finance, international trade and in- national monetary system urhich has difficulties for international trade'l dustry,, agriculture and forestry, con- the U.S. dollar as its mainstay and by its rrreasures. At the meeting, struction and the Director of the Eco- \1 . opposed "the exclusive use, as an President of the Common Market nomic Planning Agency, the Gover- insir'ument of reserve, of a currency Executive Commission Francomaria nor of the Bank of Japan and Liberal

22 Peking Reuiew, No. 36 Democratic Party chiefs. The meet- fusion with a heavy sale of 2,200 An official of the Japanese ing was overwhelmed by the uneas- million U.S. dollars in exchange for Ministry of Finance complained that iness caused by Nixon's statement the yen from August 16 to 19. "the United States is so unreasonable and none could bring up any meas- that it wants to do what it likes,'r Under the economic policy," It ure, and they were ttvery much "new "after all, the yen parity is within worried." Nixon is trying to restrict imports Japan's sovereignty," from Japan by imposing a 10 per While the Sato government was at eent surcharge and to force Japan to Japanese publie opinion pointed its rvit's end, Japanese financial cir- agree to an upward revaluation of out that Japan's present difficult cles were thrown into confrrsion and position years of the yen by 10 to 15 per cent, so as is the result of long raised the alarm that the "biggest to shift the U.S. economic crisis to the Sato government's tailing after post-war crisis" has emerged in The Japan. Japan's trade with the United and relying on U.S. imperiali.sm. Japanese finance. States accounts for one third of Japanese reactionaries are now fur- In the first few days, prices on the its total foreign trade. The imposi- ther isolated from the Japanese Tokyo stock market dropped sharply, tion of the import surcharge by the people. especially in the case of the stocks United States will deal heavy blows In a statement against an uPward of industrial firms exporting to the first of a1I at Japanese exports to the revaluation of the yen, the Socialist United States. The price of these United States. Kakuei Tanaka, Japa- Party lvarned that the situation will cent stocks fell by 20.per in the four nese Minister o{ International Trade become worse if the Sato government days from August 16 to 19. and Industry, said in his report at tries to handle the new development Furthermore, the chain reaction the emergency cabinet meeting on by co-operating with Washington. from Nixon's "new economic policy" August 17 that the new U.S. meas- Far-sighted people in the Liberal swept the whole country and there ures will inflict a loss of 2,500 million Democratic Party have also made was a rush to dump U.S. dollars. The to 3,000 mitrlion U.S. dollars on strong demands for a change in Sato foreign exchange market was in con- Japanese foreign trade. government's foreign PoiicY.

PEKING REVIEW \, Vo1. 14, No. 36 Published in English, F'rench, Spanish, September 3, 19?1 Japanese and German editions

THE WEEK South West Africo: Armed Struggle for Notionol lndependence Surges Aheod 14 A!bonion Agriculturol Delegotion Visits Chino ln lndustry, Leorn From Tcching: Highlond Premier Chou Meets Chileon Friends Fcrestry Region 15 Protest Agoinst Ugondo Government's Lies Revolution in Educotion: Our Experience 17 Trode Delegotion Visits Moloysio SOCIALIST CHINA IN PROGRESS t9 ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS Smooth Soilinq on the Wukiong Our Porty ls Advoncing Vigorously ftsnlnin - Production Brigcdes Build Bridge on Yellow Eibao editoriol 4 River New Porty Committees Estoblished 6 Shonghsi Produces l.4ore Consumer Goods Smosh U.S. lmperiolists' Militory Adventure of Mobile Teoching Groups AgEression in Lsos Rennlin Ribao editoriol - ROUND THE WORLD 21 Chinese Militory Friendship Delegotion in Romonio Loos: Potriotic Armymen ond People Botter the Enemy From ,the Forefront of Bottle in Csmbodio: Speciol Envoy leng Sory Welcomed U.A'.R., Libyo ond Syrio: Domoscus Declorotion Phnom Penh: Lon Nol Clique Foces SerioN Capitotist World: U.S. "New Economic Policy" Economic Crisis 13 Couses Greot Confusion

\, Published every Fridoy bv PE(lNG REVIEIV Peking (37), Chinq Post Oifice Regist.otion No' 2-922 Printed in the People's Republic of Chinq Radio Peking ,a fr rFI English Longuage Tronsmissions v (Some of the frequencies listed below ore used for summer or winter fr- if, only. Specific chonges will be onnounced in our brosdcosts.) Z + Peking Time Locol Slondord Time Metre Bonds Kc/s T

./t EAS" AIVD SOU"H 00:00-01 :00 18:00-19:00 (Cope Town, Solisbury) 30, 19 7620,9860, 15095 AFRICA 19;00-20:0O (Dor-es-Soloom) + 01 :00-02:00 19:00-20:00 (CopeTown, Solisbury) 30, 19 7620,9860, 15095 + 20:00-21r00 (Dor-es-Sclcom) ln fl WEST AI/D ]VOR?H 03:30-04:30 18:45-'19:45 (Monrovio) 31, 30, 25, 19 9440, 9965, 11695, 15030 AFRICA 19 :30-20:30 (Accro, Freetouvn) 6 20;30-21 :30 (Logos) tE 21:30-22:3O (Coiro) 6.fi 04:30-05:30 19':45-20:45 (Monrovio) 31, 30, 25, 19 944A, 9965, '.l',i695, 15030 tk 20:30-21 :30 (Accro, Freetown) 2'l:30-2234 (Lo9os) Z 22:30-23:3O (Coiro) I

EUROPE 04:30-05:30 21:30-22:30 (London, Stockholm, 45,43,39,33,25 6620, 6933, 7590, 9030, , Poris) 11650 05:30-06:30 22:30-23:34 (London, Stcckholrn, 45, 43, 39, 33, 25 6620, 6933, 7590, 9030, Poris) 116s0

NOR?I-l AMERICA 08 :00-09:00 19 :00-20 :00 (E.S.T.) 19, 16 15060, 17673 (EAS" coAs") 09:00-10:00 20:00-21 :00 (E.S.T.) 42, 30, 19, '.16 7120, 9780, 15060, 17715, 1 7855 '10:00-11:00 21:0A-22:04 (E.S.T,) 19, ',t6 15060,17715,17855 1 1 :00-12:00 22:AO-23 OO (E.S.T.) 42, 30 7120, 9780 Y 20:00-21 :00 07:00-08 :00 (E.5.T.) 31,25, 19 9480, 11685, 15095

NOR"IJ AMERICA 11 :00-12:00 19 :00-20 :00 (P.S.r.) 42, 30,25, 19, 16 7120, 97BA; 11685, 15060, (wEsT coAs") 15095, 15385, 1773s 12 :00-13:C0 20:00-21 :00 (P.S,T.) 25, 19, 16 11685, 15060, 15095, 15385, 17735

AVSTRALIA AN 16:30-17:30 18:30- 19:30 (Aust. S.T.) 25,19,16 1't600, 11720, 15060, NEW ZEALAND 15435, 17835 20:30-21 :30 (N.Z.S.T.) t. 17:30-18:30 19:30-20:30 (Aust. S.T.) 25, 19,16 11600, 11720, 15060, 15435, 17835 ', 21t3O-22:3O (N.Z.S.T.)

SOU?HEAS? ASIA 20:00-21 :00 19:00-20:00 (Western lndonesio, 32,25, 19 9290, 1160A, 15240, Bongkok) 15510 l9 :30-20 :30 (Singopore) 20:00-21 :00 (Soigon, Monilo) 18:30-19:30 (Rongoon) 21100-2?:00 20:00-2110O (Western lndonesio, 32,25, 19 9290, 1160A, 15244, Bongkok) 15510 20:3O-21:30 (Singopore) 21:OO-22:0O (Soigon, Monilo) 19:30-20:30 (Rongoon)

SOUTH ASIA 22:00-23t00 19:30-20:30 (Delhi, Colombo) 41, 40,19 7315, 7470, 15495 19 :00-20 r00 (West Pokiston) 20:00-21 :00 (Eost Pokiston) 19144-2O:4O (Kothmondu) 23:00-24:00 20:30-21 r30 (Delhi, Colombo) 41,19 7315, 15095 20:00-21 :00 (West Pokiston) 21:00-22:OO (Eqst Pokiston) \.1 20:40-21:40 (Kothmondu) 02:00-03;00 23:30-00:30 (Delhi) 1210