Chapter Twenty-Six Third-Alef Guttural Weak Verbs

Vocabulary h'M;a cubit (f) h'r'f][ ten (f) abx to hide t'q'd.c righteousness, just (f) h'n'x to encamp aEm'c to be thirsty h'r'y to teach h'p'c to keep, watch yil.K tool, weapon, vessel #:b'q to collect, gather h's'K to cover,conceal h'n'q to take, possess abn to prophesy hxv to bow down, worship byib's around, surrounding txv to destroy, corrupt

Weak Verb Designations III II I ← Modern designation Modern Description l :[ 'P ← Traditional 1 d :m '[ Pe Guttural I - Guttural Guttural in 1st root position 2 l :a 'v ‘Ayin Guttural II - Guttural Guttural in 2nd root position 3 x :l 'v Lamed Guttural III - Guttural Guttural in 3rd root position 4 l :k 'a Pe ‘Alef I – ‘Alef ‘Alef in 1st root position 5 a 'c 'm Lamed ‘Alef III- ‘Alef ‘Alef in 3rd root position 6 h 'n 'B Lamed He III - He He in 3rd root position 7 l :p 'n Pe Nun I - Nun Nun in 1st root position 8 b W v ‘Ayin Vav or Yod II – Vav or Yod II – Vav/Yod

9 b :v 'y Pe Vav or Yod I - Vav or Yod I – Vav/Yod 10 b :b 's Double ‘Ayin Geminate

III-Alef Guttural Weak Verbs

Third Alef verbs are designated as Lamed-Alef or III-Alef and are verbs whose final consonant is an alef (a). Examples where the third consonant is a are:

a'r'B to create a'r'q to call a'p'r to heal

Rules of Inflection The III-Alef verb has the following distinct characteristics.

1. Any syllable that ends with a becomes an open syllable and must have a long vowel.1 In this case, the stem vowel Patach ( : ) is lengened to a Qamets ( ' ).

Strong verb III-Alef Qal Perfect 3ms l:v'm a'c'm

2. When a BeGaD KeFaT (B, G, D, K, P, T) letter is placed after an a in a III-Alef verb it looses its dagesh lene.

Strong verb III-Alef Qal Perfect 2ms 'T.l:v'm 'ta'c'm

3. Qal Perfect III-Alef verbs contain the Qamets before consonantal suffixes.

III-Alef Qal Perfect 2ms 'ta'c'm Qal Perfect 2fs ta'c'm Qal Perfect 1cs yita'c'm Qal Perfect 2mp ~,ta'c.m Qal Perfect 2fp !,ta'c.m Qal Perfect 1cp Wna'c'm

4. The stem vowel in prefixed perfect verbs in all stems except Qal is Tsere ( E ).

III-Alef Perfect Verbs Nif’al Perfect Pi’el Perfect Pu’al Perfect Hif’il Perfect 2ms 'taEc.min 'taECim 'taECUm 'taEc.mih

1 Page Kelley, Biblical Hebrew (Grand Rapids:Eerdmans, 1992), p. 275

5. For Qal imperfect verbs in all forms except 3fp and 2fp, the vowel before a is a Qamets.

Strong verb III-Alef Qal Imperfect 3ms lOv.miy a'c.miy

6. The stem vowel before h'n endings is the segol ( , ).

III-Alef h'n suffix Verbs Qal Nif’al Pi’el Hif’il Impf 3fp, 2fp h'na,c.miT h'na,c'MiT h'na,C:m.T h'na,c.m:T Impv 2fs h'na,c.m h'na,c'Mih h'na,C:m h'na,c.m:h

7. The feminine singular participle has Tsere as its stem vowel.

III-Alef Fem Sg. Part Qal Nif’al Pi’el Hif’il ms aEcOm a'c.min aEC:m.m ayic.m:m fs taEcOm taEc.min taEC:m.m h'ayic.m:m

Practice I. Memorize the vocabulary II. What is a weak verb? III. What are the two rules of III-Gutturals?