DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 1 – the Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Names of the Letters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 1 – the Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Names of the Letters 1-1 1-2 Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) The Alphabet is Just the Consonants Names of the Letters In English, Difficulties Recognizing Letters both consonants and vowels are letters of the alphabet. – Final Forms – E.g., the vowel ‘A’ and the consonant ‘B’ are both – Different Fonts letters of the alphabet. – Similar Letters In Hebrew, only consonants are considered to be letters – The consonant Alef is a letter of the alphabet. א אא Writing and Transliterating the Letters – The vowel Seghol is not a letter of the alphabet. ֶֶֶֶ Begad Kephat Letters The OT was originally written without vowels Pronouncing the Letters – Vowels and accents were added in AD 500-1000 ֶ ֶ מֶ מֶ לל ֶ ך ֶ מךלךךמל מלך ךמלך– HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-3 1-4 Variations on Letter Names Different people spell letter names differently Alef ָ ֶ אֶ אָ לל ָ ף ֶ אף ףלף,E.g., Alef, Aleph, ’ā́ lep – Different people pronounce letter names differently – E.g., Waw vs. Vav. Yod vs. Yud. In Modern Hebrew, three letters are called different names depending on whether or not they have a Dagesh Bet בּבּבּ .Vet vsב בב– Kaf כּכּכּ .Chaf vsכ ככ– Pay פּפּפּ .Fay vsפ פפ– All reasonable variations are acceptable in my class HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-5 1-6 Bet Gimel HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-7 1-8 Dalet Hay HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-9 1-10 Vav Zayin HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-11 1-12 ḤḤḤet Tet HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-13 1-14 Yod Kaf HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-15 1-16 Lamed Mem HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-17 1-18 Nun Samech HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-19 1-20 Ayin Pay HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-21 1-22 Tsadee Qof HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-23 1-24 Resh Sin HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-25 1-26 Shin Tav HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-27 Order of Sin שׂשׂשׂ and Shin שׁשׁשׁ Acrostic poems (e.g., Psalm 119) show alphabet in order. – Acrostics treat Sin שׂשׂשׂ and Shin שׁשׁשׁ as the same letter, א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י .so they don’t tell us the order Modern Hebrew tends to put Shin שׁשׁשׁ before Sin שׂשׂשׂ כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק שׁשׁשׁ then Shin שׂשׂשׂ Our textbook and lexicon have Sin – So memorize this order. ר שׂ שׁ ת .You’ll never lose points for either order Mnemonic: Keep the dots together when writing the אבג ... צקרשׂשׁת alphabet Song copyright © Professor John Walton of Wheaton College Used by permission HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-29 1-30 Memorize the Alef-Bet Before Continuing Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Before going on to the next section, Names of the Letters learn the name of each letter and their order. Difficulties Recognizing Letters Use the Alef-Bet song to practice the names in order. – Final Forms – YouTube has 3 versions of the music video: – Different Scripts Letters and their names – Similar Letters Letters alone Writing and Transliterating the Letters All the letters showing at the same time Begad Kephat Letters – The website also has the song in downloadable Pronouncing the Letters formats: mp3, mp4, and wmv. The website links to a place to practice the letters names. HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-31 1-32 Final Forms Multiple Hebrew Scripts 5 letters use different letter shape at end of word There are multiple letter styles for writing Hebrew – Books are printed in a fancy style with serifs כ ככ מ ממ נ ננ פ פפ צ צצ Regular א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר שׂ שׁ ת But letters can be written without most of the serifs – ך ךך ם םם ן ןן ף ףף ץ ץץ Final א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר ת Mnemonic: “CoMMoN FaTS” – Modern Hebrew is written in a cursive script א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר ת ”This shape is called the “final form” or “sofit form – Sofit (‘sew-feet’) means ‘last’ Use the simplified shapes without serifs, and be legible. Final forms have the same pronunciation and Always write Right-to-Left transliteration as the non-final forms. HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-33 1-34 Look-Alike Letters Kaf) Bet Kaf)כ ככ (Bet)ב בב (Gimel) (Nun) Tail in Lower-Right Rounded Lower-Right נ ננ ג גג (Tav)ת תת (ḤḤḤet)ח חח (He)ה הה שׂשׂשׂ (Sin) שׁשׁשׁ (Shin) (Samek)ס סס (final Mem)ם םם (Resh)ר רר (Dalet)ד דד (Ayin)ע עע (Tsade)צ צצ (Final Kaf)ך ךך (Final Nun)ן ןן (Yod)י יי (Zayin)ז זז (Waw)ו וו HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-35 1-36 Gimel Nun Hay Ḥet Bottom like heel of a boot Flat bottom Gap in Top Left No gap in Top Left HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-37 1-38 Tav Ḥet Sin Shin Foot on Lower Left No foot on Lower Left Dot on Upper Left Dot on Upper Right HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-39 1-40 Final Mem Samech Dalet Resh Square Bottom Round Bottom Bump on Upper Right Round Upper Right HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-41 1-42 Tsade Ayin Zayin Vav Bump on Lower Right Round Lower Right Tail on Upper Right Round Upper Right HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-43 1-44 Final Kaf Final Nun Yod Vav Final Nun Top Line is Big Little or No Top Line Halfway Down Full Height Below the Line Usually a Silent Shewa in Final Kaf HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-45 1-46 Memorize the Letters Before Continuing Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Before going on to the next section, Names of the Letters learn to recognize the letters in different scripts, Difficulties Recognizing Letters including their final forms. – Final Forms Make flash cards with the letters on one side and the – Different Fonts names on the other side. – Similar Letters – Include final forms. Writing and Transliterating the Letters – The website has a sheet of letters to print and cut out. Begad Kephat Letters Some letters appear with and without a dot, for Pronouncing the Letters use after you have learned about begad kephat. – Write the name and recognition notes on the other side of each card. HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA 1-47 1-48 How to Write the Letters אאא Alef The following slides suggest how to write the letters. – You can write the letters differently, as long as it is clear which letter is intended. Most letters can take a dot inside them.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Hebrew Alphabet
    BBH2 Textbook Supplement Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet 1 The following comments explain, provide mnemonics for, answer questions that students have raised about, and otherwise supplement the second edition of Basics of Biblical Hebrew by Pratico and Van Pelt. Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet 1.1 The consonants For begadkephat letters (§1.5), the pronunciation in §1.1 is the pronunciation with the Dagesh Lene (§1.5), even though the Dagesh Lene is not shown in §1.1. .Kaf” has an “off” sound“ כ The name It looks like open mouth coughing or a cup of coffee on its side. .Qof” is pronounced with either an “oh” sound or an “oo” sound“ ק The name It has a circle (like the letter “o” inside it). Also, it is transliterated with the letter q, and it looks like a backwards q. here are different wa s of spellin the na es of letters. lef leph leˉ There are many different ways to write the consonants. See below (page 3) for a table of examples. See my chapter 1 overheads for suggested letter shapes, stroke order, and the keys to distinguishing similar-looking letters. ”.having its dot on the left: “Sin is never ri ht ׂש Mnemonic for Sin ׁש and Shin ׂש Order of Sin ׁש before Shin ׂש Our textbook and Biblical Hebrew lexicons put Sin Some alphabet songs on YouTube reverse the order of Sin and Shin. Modern Hebrew dictionaries, the acrostic poems in the Bible, and ancient abecedaries (inscriptions in which someone wrote the alphabet) all treat Sin and Shin as the same letter.
    [Show full text]
  • Torah from JTS Worship, JTS
    Exploring Prayer :(בלה תדובע) Service of the Heart This week’s column was written by Rabbi Samuel Barth, senior lecturer in Liturgy and Torah from JTS Worship, JTS. Simhat Torah: Which Way When the Circle Ends Bereishit 5774 The annual celebration of Simhat Torah brings great joy to so many of us of all generations, and it is a fitting and triumphant conclusion to the long and multifaceted season of intense Jewish observance and focus that began (a little before Rosh Hashanah) with Selichot. In Israel and in congregations observing a single day of festivals, Simhat Torah is blended with Shemini Atzeret, offering the intense experience in the morning of Hallel, Hakkafot (processions with dancing) and Geshem (the prayer for Rain). At the morning service of Simhat Torah there are four linked biblical readings (three from the Parashah Commentary Torah), and the relationship among them invites us to think about the flow of sacred text in a multidimensional context. The first reading is Vezot HaBrakha, the last chapters of Deuteronomy This week’s commentary was written by Dr. David Marcus, professor of Bible, containing the final blessings from Moses to the community—and the account of the death of Moses, alone with God on Mount Nebo. To receive the final aliyah after everyone else present JTS. has been called to the Torah is considered a great honor, and the person with this honor is called up with a special formula (a short version is presented in Siddur Sim Shalom for Shabbat Bereishit with a Capital Bet and Festivals, 215) that affirms, “May it be the will of the One Most Powerful to grant abundant blessings to [insert the name of the one called] who has been chosen to complete the Torah.” With this week’s parashah, we once again commence the cycle of reading the Torah from the first chapter of Genesis, which begins with the Hebrew word bereishit.
    [Show full text]
  • ב Bet ה Heh ו Vav ט Tet י Yod ך מ Mem ם
    Exercise 1A: Writing the Hebrew Square Script Using the examples at the right, practice writing out the Hebrew characters on the lines provided for you. Be sure to accurately reflect the position of the letter in relation to the base line. Boxes are used to indicate final forms. Letter Name aleph א aleph bet ב bet gimel ג gimel dalet ד dalet heh ה heh vav ו vav zayin ז zayin .het ח ḥet tet ט tet yod י kaph כ yod ך kaph final kaph lamed ל mem מ lamed ם mem 3 Exercise 1A: Writing tHe Hebrew SquAre Script final mem Letter Name nun נ ן nun final nun samek ס samek ayin ע pe פ ayin ף pe final pe tsade צ ץ tsade final tsade qoph ק qoph resh ר resh שׂ sin sin shin ׁש shin tav ת tav NAme: __________________________________________________ Exercise 1A: Writing tHe Hebrew SquAre Script 4 Exercise 1B: Reading Proper Names In this exercise you will practice identifying the Hebrew consonants by reading familiar proper names. Write the English name in the space to the left of the Hebrew name. Since the alphabet has no vowels, you will have to provide vowel sounds to recognize each word. Start by trying an “a” vowel between each con- sonant. The “a” vowel is the most common vowel in Hebrew and, while it will not always be the correct one, it should help you recognize these names. לבן Laban יעקב אסתר אברהם עבדיה יצחק יחזקאל יׂשראל דוד רבקה נחמיה נבכדנאזר ירבעם ירדן מרדכי מׁשה דברה גלית יׁשמעאל עׂשו 5 Exercise 1B: ReAding Proper NAmes Exercise 1C: Hebrew Cursive (Optional) Using the examples shown, practice writing out the cursive Hebrew characters on the lines provided for you.
    [Show full text]
  • L2/20-246 Teeth and Bellies: a Proposed Model for Encoding Book Pahlavi
    L2/20-246 Teeth and bellies: a proposed model for encoding Book Pahlavi Roozbeh Pournader (WhatsApp) September 7, 2020 Background In Everson 2002, a proposal was made to encode a unified Avestan and Pahlavi script in the Unicode Standard. The proposal went through several iterations, eventually leading to a separate encoding of Avestan as proposed by Everson and Pournader 2007a, in which Pahlavi was considered non-unifiable with Avestan due to its cursive joining property. The non-cursive Inscriptional Pahlavi (Everson and Pournader 2007b) and the cursive Psalter Pahlavi (Everson and Pournader 2011) were later encoded too. But Book Pahlavi, despite several attempts (see the Book Pahlavi Topical Document list at https://unicode.org/L2/ topical/bookpahlavi/), remains unencoded. Everson 2002 is peculiar among earlier proposals by proposing six Pahlavi archigraphemes, including an ear, an elbow, and a belly. I remember from conversations with Michael Everson that he intended these to be used for cases when a scribe was just copying some text without understanding the underlying letters, considering the complexity of the script and the loss of some of its nuances to later scribes. They could also be used when modern scholars wanted to represent a manuscript as written, without needing to over-analyze potentially controversial readings. Meyers 2014 takes such a graphical model to an extreme, trying to encode pieces of the writing system, most of which have some correspondence to letters, but with occasional partial letters (e.g. PARTIAL SHIN and FINAL SADHE-PARTIAL PE). Unfortunately, their proposal rejects joining properties for Book Pahlavi and insists that “[t]he joining behaviour of the final stems of the characters in Book Pahlavi is more similar to cursive variants of Latin than to Arabic”.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Education Vocabulary (K-12)
    Physical Education Vocabulary (K-12) A Acceleration The rate of change of velocity over time (where velocity is the rate of change of position with respect to direction). Aerobic Activity Steady activity in which the heart can supply all the oxygen the muscles need. "With Oxygen" Aerobic Endurance The body's ability to take in and use oxygen so the muscles can keep working. The most important element of fitness. Agility The ability to change the position of your body and/or its parts quickly and accurately. Anaerobic Activity "Without oxygen." Activities for which the body can't supply enough oxygen to keep going for long periods of time. Assessment of physical activities A process of judging/grading a persons level in relation to a set of criteria. In GCSE this involves a process of planning, performing, evaluating, analysing, and improving chosen physical activities. B Balance The ability of the body to maintain or regain stability. Bench Press Lay on bench, flat on back. Press from chest to full extension. Bicep Muscle The large muscle in the front part of the upper arm. Body Composition The relative proportions of fat and lean (non-fat) body mass. Body Mass Index (BMI) A formula that determines a healthy body weight based on height. C Cardiovascular Endurance The heart, lungs, and blood vessels work together as a team to allow one to stay active and exercise for a long period of time. Cardiovascular Fitness Ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to function efficiently when a person exercises the body. Circuit Training Training that uses a circuit of exercises around a number of different work stations.
    [Show full text]
  • Rayut / Sacred Companionship: the Art of Being Human Rabbi Steven Kushner Rosh Hashanah Morning 5771
    Rayut / Sacred Companionship: the art of being human Rabbi Steven Kushner Rosh Hashanah Morning 5771 It’s a ‘‘sweet-sixteen’’ party. The grandmother, who personally related this story to me, notices that her 16-year-old granddaughter is sitting at a table, smart-phone in hand, busily typing away with her thumbs. ‘‘What are you doing?’’ the grandmother asks. ‘‘I’m texting my best friend,’’ the granddaughter replies. ‘‘Just a minute,’’ the grandmother objects. ‘‘Do you mean to tell me you didn’t invite your best friend to your sweet-sixteen party?’’ ‘‘Of course I did,’’ the granddaughter replies. ‘‘She’s sitting right over there.’’ Does this sound familiar? Do you have kids who now use their thumbs to talk, even when vocal communication is not merely possible but easier? That, of course, is the question. Does modern technology make communication easier------with cell phones, text messaging, twittering, emailing------or does it actually make it more complex? This dynamic, of impersonal electronic talking, should be alarming to us. Forget the fact that we’ve lost the ability to write longhand. (Kids, your parents will tell you what ‘‘longhand’’ means after the service.) Never mind that we’ve abandoned the beautiful art form of ‘‘correspondence’’. (My brother and I still have all the letters my parents wrote to each other during World War II.) No matter that we’ve forgotten what it’s like to have to wait to get to a gas station to call someone on the phone. The consequences of instant non-verbal communication may be, even in the short-term, devastating.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Origins Transliteration
    Ayin , ע Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated ⟨ʿ⟩) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ʿayin , Hebrew ʿayin ← Samekh Ayin Pe → [where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only).[1) ع Aramaic ʿē , Syriac ʿē , and Arabic ʿayn Phoenician Hebrew Aramaic Syriac Arabic The letter represents or is used to represent a voiced pharyngeal fricative (/ʕ/) or a similarly articulated consonant. In some Semitic ع ע languages and dialects, the phonetic value of the letter has changed, or the phoneme has been lost altogether (thus, in Modern Hebrew it is reduced to a glottal stop or is omitted entirely). Phonemic ʕ The Phoenician letter is the origin of the Greek, Latin and Cyrillic letterO . representation Position in 16 alphabet Contents Numerical 70 value Origins (no numeric value in Transliteration Maltese) Unicode Alphabetic derivatives of the Arabic ʿayn Pronunciation Phoenician Hebrew Ayin Greek Latin Cyrillic Phonetic representation Ο O О Significance Character encodings References External links Origins The letter name is derived from Proto-Semitic *ʿayn- "eye", and the Phoenician letter had the shape of a circle or oval, clearly representing an eye, perhaps ultimately (via Proto-Sinaitic) derived from the ır͗ hieroglyph (Gardiner D4).[2] The Phoenician letter gave rise to theGreek Ο, Latin O, and Cyrillic О, all representing vowels. The sound represented by ayin is common to much of theAfroasiatic language family, such as in the Egyptian language, the Cushitic languages and the Semitic languages. Transliteration Depending on typography, this could look similar .( ﻋَ َﺮب In Semitic philology, there is a long-standing tradition of rendering Semitic ayin with Greek rough breathing the mark ̔〉 (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • How Was the Dageš in Biblical Hebrew Pronounced and Why Is It There? Geoffrey Khan
    1 pronounced and why is it בָּתִּ ים How was the dageš in Biblical Hebrew there? Geoffrey Khan houses’ is generally presented as an enigma in‘ בָּתִּ ים The dageš in the Biblical Hebrew plural form descriptions of the language. A wide variety of opinions about it have been expressed in Biblical Hebrew textbooks, reference grammars and the scholarly literature, but many of these are speculative without any direct or comparative evidence. One of the aims of this article is to examine the evidence for the way the dageš was pronounced in this word in sources that give us direct access to the Tiberian Masoretic reading tradition. A second aim is to propose a reason why the word has a dageš on the basis of comparative evidence within Biblical Hebrew reading traditions and other Semitic languages. בָּתִּיםבָּתִּ ים The Pronunciation of the Dageš in .1.0 The Tiberian vocalization signs and accents were created by the Masoretes of Tiberias in the early Islamic period to record an oral tradition of reading. There is evidence that this reading tradition had its roots in the Second Temple period, although some features of it appear to have developed at later periods. 1 The Tiberian reading was regarded in the Middle Ages as the most prestigious and authoritative tradition. On account of the authoritative status of the reading, great efforts were made by the Tiberian Masoretes to fix the tradition in a standardized form. There remained, nevertheless, some degree of variation in reading and sign notation in the Tiberian Masoretic school. By the end of the Masoretic period in the 10 th century C.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Psalms 119 & the Hebrew Aleph
    Psalms 119 & the Hebrew Aleph Bet - Part 17 The seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet is called “Pey” (sounds like “pay”). It has the sound of “p” as in “park”. Pey has the numeric value of 80. In modern Hebrew, the letter Pey can appear in three forms: Writing the Letter: Pey Note: Most people draw the Pey in two strokes, as shown. The dot, or “dagesh” mark means the pey makes the “p” sound, as in “park”. Note: The sole difference between the letter Pey and the letter Fey is the presence or absence of the dot in the middle of the letter (called a dagesh mark). When you see the dot in the middle of this letter, pronounce it as a "p"; otherwise, pronounce it as "ph" (or “f”). Five Hebrew letters are formed differently when they appear as the last letter of a word (these forms are sometimes called "sofit" (pronounced "so-feet") forms). Fortunately, the five letters sound the same as their non-sofit cousins, so you do not have to learn any new sounds (or transliterations). The Pey (pronounced “Fey” sofit has a descending tail, as shown on the left. Pey: The Mouth, or Word The pictograph for Pey looks something like a mouth, whereas the classical Hebrew script (Ketav Ashurit) is constructed of a Kaf with an ascending Yod: Notice the “hidden Bet” within the letter Pey. This shape of the letter is required when a Torah scribe writes Torah scrolls, or mezzuzahs. From the Canaanite pictograph, the letter morphed into the Phoenician ketav Ivri, to the Greek letter (Pi), which became the Latin letter “P.” means “mouth” and by extension, “word,” “expression,” “vocalization,” and “speech”.
    [Show full text]
  • I Know Your Child Is Excited to Get Back to School and All the Fun Activities Farley Has to Offer
    WELCOME BACK!! I know your child is excited to get back to school and all the fun activities Farley has to offer. Physical Education is one of those important activities and depending on the grade of your child, he/she will be participating daily in PE class. (K-2) 4 – 6 grades has PE twice a week for 40 minutes (M-W or T-Th and alternating Fridays) Your child will experience a wide variety of healthy lifestyle activities that will promote, encourage and reinforce positive health habits. My main emphasis is on PARTICIPATION and learning to enjoy movement, therefore, students are required to wear, for their SAFETY and SAFETY OF OTHERS and to reinforce healthy practices, a non-marking sole tennis shoe that stays securely on the foot. (sandals, boots, cleats ect. will not be acceptable and participation will not be allowed) If your child is ILL or INJURED, a note from a doctor or parent is REQUIRED for a child to be excused from PE class. After 3 consecutive days, a doctors’ note is REQUIRED to be excused. Please give note to Ms Salmans. Fitness testing (Fitnessgram) is administered twice a year (fall and spring) for grades 4-6th. Data is used to develop curriculum based on needs of students and students learn to evaluate personal fitness goals. Reports are sent home in the spring. Jump Rope For Heart is a yearly event (Jan/Feb) in PE class at Farley. (K-6) In conjunction with our jump rope unit, we learn about cardiovascular fitness and raise funds for the American Heart Association.
    [Show full text]
  • Algorithmic Handwriting Analysis of Judah's Military Correspondence
    Algorithmic handwriting analysis of Judah’s military correspondence sheds light on composition of biblical texts Shira Faigenbaum-Golovina,1,2, Arie Shausa,1,2, Barak Sobera,1,2, David Levina, Nadav Na’amanb, Benjamin Sassc, Eli Turkela, Eli Piasetzkyd, and Israel Finkelsteinc aDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; bDepartment of Jewish History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; cJacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and dSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Edited by Klara Kedem, Ben-Gurion University, Be’er Sheva, Israel, and accepted by the Editorial Board March 3, 2016 (received for review November 17, 2015) The relationship between the expansion of literacy in Judah and the fortress of Arad from higher echelons in the Judahite mili- composition of biblical texts has attracted scholarly attention for tary system, as well as correspondence with neighboring forts. over a century. Information on this issue can be deduced from One of the inscriptions mentions “the King of Judah” and Hebrew inscriptions from the final phase of the first Temple another “the house of YHWH,” referring to the Temple in period. We report our investigation of 16 inscriptions from the Jerusalem. Most of the provision orders that mention the Kittiyim— Judahite desert fortress of Arad, dated ca. 600 BCE—the eve of apparently a Greek mercenary unit (7)—were found on the floor ’ Nebuchadnezzar s destruction of Jerusalem. The inquiry is based of a single room.
    [Show full text]
  • The Christological Aspects of Hebrew Ideograms Kristološki Vidiki Hebrejskih Ideogramov
    1027 Pregledni znanstveni članek/Article (1.02) Bogoslovni vestnik/Theological Quarterly 79 (2019) 4, 1027—1038 Besedilo prejeto/Received:09/2019; sprejeto/Accepted:10/2019 UDK/UDC: 811.411.16'02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2019/04/Petrovic Predrag Petrović The Christological Aspects of Hebrew Ideograms Kristološki vidiki hebrejskih ideogramov Abstract: The linguistic form of the Hebrew Old Testament retained its ancient ideo- gram values included​​ in the mystical directions and meanings originating from the divine way of addressing people. As such, the Old Hebrew alphabet has remained a true lexical treasure of the God-established mysteries of the ecclesiological way of existence. The ideographic meanings of the Old Hebrew language represent the form of a mystagogy through which God spoke to the Old Testament fathers about the mysteries of the divine creation, maintenance, and future re-creation of the world. Thus, the importance of the ideogram is reflected not only in the recognition of the Christological elements embedded in the very structure of the Old Testament narrative, but also in the ever-present working structure of the existence of the world initiated by the divine economy of salvation. In this way both the Old Testament and the New Testament Israelites testify to the historici- zing character of the divine will by which the world was created and by which God in an ecclesiological way is changing and re-creating the world. Keywords: Old Testament, old Hebrew language, ideograms, mystagogy, Word of God, God (the Father), Holy Spirit, Christology, ecclesiology, Gospel, Revelation Povzetek: Jezikovna oblika hebrejske Stare Zaveze je obdržala svoje starodavne ideogramske vrednote, vključene v mistagoške smeri in pomene, nastale iz božjega načina nagovarjanja ljudi.
    [Show full text]