(t&brew Aeadmy General)

_1_-Consonant Name Transliteration Remarks

3 alef ORlit see note 1 bet b see note 2

=z VCP V . 512 gilmel g see note 2 7-f dalet d see note 2 37 he h omit when final unless written with a mappfq

waw W

zayin 2

&et !! tet t

grod Y kaf k see note 2 khaf kh

Pmed 1 mem In nun n samekh s ayin see note 1

Pe P see note 2

fe f

zade 2

wf Q resh r shin sh

s%n 8 ta-s Bt see note 2 used in the Hebrew "z renderings of foreign names E 3 Vowel N&El@ Transliteration Remarks

patta$ %

&atef patta2 a

same2 % -I- f qamez qatan 0

*.* aegol e

‘P : &atef segol e

a* sere e

7 . . "long" eere e

shewa na e see n&z”,0 3 shewa na_h cylit 1 &ireq i

7 . *'long** &ireq i

t: &atef qamez qatan 0 . . Solem 0 7 *'long'* _holom 0

‘0. qibbui U

. ? shureq U

2 NOTES

1 1. Alef end Ayfn are rendered (tick) when vowelled with 8heWa or following shewa ne&, e.g.TT#) (Ne'dar) and > Ha' (Yig’al).

2. The cot placed within the body of the consonants a 2 7 3 D and fl when they occur at the-beginning of a na2e or after an un- vowelled consonant in the middle of a name L8 known as the "weak" degeeh. It after8 the sound of 3, 3 8nd 9 to b,.k and p. The :rhnnnti? dW3nctLon between 2 and 3 ,7 and T,-' and 31 and s has now been lost and these pairs of letter8 are transliterated identically.

The same dot may also be placed within the body of any consonant (including the six above-mentioned but excluding &?Ff TV S' and 3 ) to indicate the "strong" dagesh. This is rendered in transliteration by doubling the letter or digraph. The "8trong"'dagesh can be dis- tinguished from the "weak" dagesh since the former is elways preceded by a vowel, e.g. 73y (Akko) but 'C)71))?~@ulkarm). But see note 4.

3. Shewa na& ("quiescent" shewa)marks'the end of a Closed syllable, and is not pronounced. Shewa na is a short neutral vowel. .

4. The definite article 'i7 is capitalised in transliteration and hyphenated to the following word, whose initial letter bearing the dagesh is not doubled, e.g. >.a l>iT (Ha-Rarmel).

5, "Furtive" patta& which is wrLtten under'final he mappiq, &et and ayin, but pronounced before and not after these three consonants, is transliterated before the letter under which it is written, e.g. R j2 7 7 (Roqea&) a

6, Where two vowels coming together in transliteration may be confused with an English digraph the second should be marked with a dfaeresis, e.g. 33+?- (YaEl).

3 7. Arabic names wrLtten in the Hebrew alphabet should be transliterated accordi. the following special rules: a. Bebrew consonants will-be transliterated according to the table above with the following amendments and,additions: should be rendered as ‘-? tl tt tt tt tt dh

t, tt tr ,t i (less often 2 ) Q n r , IT... (final 1 rr rt et t* -a 3 n n .r tr dh

tt tt It n ‘IT (less often 5’ ) kh u .I 0 tr r* s v tt tt tt rr ’ (reversed apostrophe)

tt .I ,I ‘Y (1es8 often d or i ‘) , gh

It tt .I 8 3 . ‘fi (less often A ) tt I1 .t th b. Hebrew vowel points have the same value as in the table above with the following exceptions:

t should be rendered as a m t. t. 1, a (but see note 4) ‘a and 7.. tr tt t* tt ei q r. .t tt t. - tt 7. .- * tt .t .1

tt n. t* tt t* Q i ‘.-’ tt 1. tt *t au . . tt tt rt a

C. Dagesh must be rend;red by doubling the letter or digraph, except for 22 and 3 . [ should be rendered in accordance with note b; 7 . . nhould be rendered II unless it is vowelled, when it will be rendered by ww, e,g. 17 27 1 c , VuwwZira; see also note d]

4 d. An unassimilated Arabic article is written %sor3sand should be treneliterated el (not al). An a88cmilatedY Arabic article 18 writ$en e or e followed by a dagesh in the inftial consonant of the following word. This dageah will be given effect to by transliterating the letter or digraph effected once as part of the article and once as part of the following w&d, e.g.~@~-~ ?y, 'Ein es Sahla. . -0' 7 . . e. A hyphen should be used in transliteratfon to separate h or b from preteding d,&dh, @, k, kh, I, e, sh, t, $ and th.

f. The circumflex accent which is sometime8 used to indicate etre88 should be ignored in transliteration.

8. The non-Hebrew elements of commemorative names derived from languages other than Hebrew should be spelled a8 found on official roman- alphabet Israeli sources rather than transliterated from the Hebrew spelling; for example, K@far Masaryk not Refar MaSariq, and Balfouriya not Balfuriya.

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