OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 58 NO. 3 SUMMER 2008 PUBLISHED BY THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO The Archaeological Society of Ohio Term 1956 thru 1967 .out of print Expires A.S.O. OFFICERS 1968- 1999 $ 2.50 $100.00 2010 President Michael Van Steen, 5303 Wildman Road, Cedarville, 1951 thru 1955 REPRINTS - sets only 2000 thru 2002 $ 5.00 OH 45314 (937) 766-541. 2003 $ 6.00 2010 Vice President George Colvin, 220 Darbymoor Drive, Plain Add $0.75 For Each Copy of Any Issue City, OH 43064 (614) 879-9825. The Archaeology of Ohio, by Robert N. ConversConversee regular $60.00 2010 Immediate Past President Rocky Falleti, 5904 South Ave., Author's Edition $75.00 Youngstown, OH 44512 (330) 788-1598. Postage, Add $ 5.00 Back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist printed prior to 1964 are generally 2010 Executive Secretary Dennis Link, RO. Box 493, Amelia, OH out of print but copies are available from time to time. Write to business office 45102(513)404-6425. for prices and availability. 2010 Treasurer Chris Rummel, 6197 Shelba Drive, Galloway, OH ASO CHAPTERS 43119(614)558-3512 Aboriginal Explorers Club 2010 Recording Secretary Cindy Wells, 15001 Sycamore Road, Mt. President: Mark Kline, 1127 Esther Rd., Wellsville, OH 43968 (330) 532-1157 Vernon, OH 43050 (614) 397-471 7. Beau Fleuve Chapter 2010 Webmaster Steven Carpenter, 529 Gray St., Plain City, OH. President: Richard Sojka, 11253 Broadway, Alden, NY 14004 (716) 681-2229 43064(614)873-5159. Blue Jacket Chapter 2010 Editor Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, OH President: Ken Sowards, 9201 Hildgefort Rd., Fort Laramie, OH 45845 (937) 295-3764 43064(614)873-5471. Chippewa Valley Chapter TRUSTEES President: Eric Deel, 585 Diagonal Rd., Apt. #1119, Akron, OH 44320 (330) 762-4108 2010 Carl Harruff, Box 81, Sparta, OH 43350 (419) 253-4804. Cuyahoga Valley Chapter 2010 Elaine Holzapfel, 415 Memorial Dr., Greenville, OH 45331 President: Norman Park, 4495 W. High St., Mantua, OH 44255 (330) 274-2171 (937) 548-0325. Dividing Ridges Chapter 2010 Brian Foltz, P.O. Box 370, Worthington, OH 43085 President: John Mocic, PO Box 170, Dilles Bottom, OH 43947 (740) 676-1077 Flint Ridge Chapter (614)425-2111 President: John Lutz, 21 South 24th St., Newark, OH 43055 (740) 344-8647 2010 Doug Hooks, 1414 Woodville Rd., Mansfield, OH 44903. Fort Salem Chapter 2012 Walt Sperry, 15515 Nixon Rd., Mt. Vernon, OH 43050 President: Joe Beavers, 843 Ohio Pike, Cincinnati, OH 45245 (513) 753-4461 (740) 507-2685. Fulton Creek Archaeology 2012 John Mocic, Box 170, RD #1, Dilles Bottom, OH 43947 (740) President: Randy Cheney, 173 Beatty Ave., Richwood, OH 43344 (740) 943-5321 676-1077. Johnny Appleseed Chapter 2012 Dr. Robert Curry, 1305 Main Street, Dresden, OH 43821 (740) President: Bob Bright, 1039 S.R. 302, Ashland, OH 44805 (419) 962-4222 754-2331. King Beaver Chapter 2012 Frank Otto, 7700 New Delaware Rd., Mt. Vernon, OH 43050 President: Chuck King, 44 Shenango Rd., New Castle, PA 16105 (724) 654-2868 (740) 393-3326. Kokosing Chapter President: Tom Debolt, 18511 Arrington Road, Utica, OH 43080 (740) 892-2643 Lake County Chapter REGIONAL COLLABORATORS President: Doug Divish, 35900 Chardon Rd., Willoughby, OH 44094 (440) 942-0563 Mike Rusnak, 1642 Friar Road, Stow, OH 44242 Mad River Chapter Mark W. Long, Box 627, Jackson, OH 45640 President: Chuck Oliver, 2717 Stoney Creek St., Springfield, OH 45504 (937) 390-0889 Steven Kelley, P.O. Box 1, Seaman, OH 45679 Mahoning Valley Chapter James L. Murphy, University Libraries, 1858 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH President: Rocky Falleti, 5904 South Ave., Youngstown, OH 44512 (330) 788-1598 43210 Maumee Valley Chapter Jeff Carskadden, 8375 Heilman Dr., New Carlisle, OH 45344 President: Charles Carroll, 7771 St. Rt. 15, Defiance, OH 43512 (419) 658-4415 Elaine Holzapfel, 415 Memorial Dr., Greenville, OH 45331 Miamiville Arch. Chapter Brian DaRe, 58561 Sharon Blvd., Rayland, OH 43943 President: Gary Hicks, 4113 Pee Wee Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45244 (513) 271-2069 Dr. Robert Morris, Dept. of Geology, Wittenberg University, Mound City Chapter Springfield, OH 45501 President: John Barnhart, 200 Northridge Rd., Circleville, OH 43113 (740) 474-4608 Gary Fogelman, 245 Fairview Rd., Turboville, PA 17772 Mowkon Chapter ASO Webmaster - Steven Carpenter - www.ohioarch.org President: Ron Siebeneck, 17420 County Road 18Q, Fort Jennings, OH 45844 (419) 642-0030 All articles, reviews, and comments regarding the Ohio Archaeologist should Muskingum Valley Chapter be sent to the Editor. Memberships, requests for back issues, changes of President: Steven House, 1279 Glenwood Ave., Zanesville, OH 43701 (740) 454-1580 address, and other inquiries should be sent to the Busi-ness Manager. Paint Creek Chapter PLEASE NOTIFY THE BUSINESS MANAGER OF ADDRESS President: Mick VanSteen, 5303 Wildman Rd., Cedarville, OH 45314 (937) 766-5411 CHANGES IMMEDIATELY SINCE, BY POSTAL REGULATIONS, Sandusky Bay Chapter SOCIETY MAIL CANNOT BE FORWARDED. President: George DeMuth, 4303 Nash Rd., Wakeman, OH 44889 (440) 839-2512 Seccauim Archaeological Chapter MEMBERSHIP AND DUES President: Brenda Galinas, 601 West Warren St., Bucyrus, OH 44820 (n.a.) Annual dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio are payable on the Six Rivers Chapter first of January as follows: Regular membership $25.00; Individual Life President: Frank Otto, 7700 New Delaware Rd., Mt. Vernon, OH 43050 (740) 393-3326 Membership $750. Subscription to the Ohio Archaeologist, published Standing Stone Chapter quarterly, is included in the membership dues. The Archaeological President: Joel Embry, 7503 Col-Lancaster Rd., NW, Carroll, OH 43112 (614) 833-1175 Society of Ohio is an incorporated non-profit organization. Sugar Creek Chapter PUBLICATIONS President: David Reed, 24695 Scott Drive, Wooster, OH 44691 (330) 264-2839 Publications and back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist: Their Fires Are Cold Chapter Ohio Flint Types, by Robert N. Converse $59.00 add $5.00 P-H President: Kevin Boos, 5710 Old Railroad Rd., Sandusky, OH 44870 (419) 627-6254 Ohio Flint Types, (Author's Edition) $69.00 add $5.00 P-H Walhonding Valley Chapter Ohio Stone Tools, by Robert N. Converse $ 8.00 add $4.50 P-H President: Vince Fry, 28449 County Rd. 25, Warsaw, OH 43844 (740) 824-5171 Ohio Slate Types, by Robert N. Converse $15.00 add $4.50 P-H Wolf Creek Chapter The Glacial Kame Indians, by Robert N. Converse ...$25.00 add $5.00 P-H President: Richard Henry, 685 Miller Rd., Waterford, OH 45786 (740) 984-2199 BUSINESS MANAGER Peggy Potter, 6478 Winchester Blvd., Suite 120, Canal Winchester, OH 43110 Business Phone 1 -800-736-7815 ASO WEBSITE - www.ohioarch.org TABLE OF CONTENTS President's Page 3 PRESIDENT'S PAGE Front Cover Information 3 Walter C. Metz and "Prehistoric Remains in Licking County, Ohio" by James L. Murphy 4 Classic Ohio Adena and Hopewell Points by Dr. Larry Capitini 12

Ashtabula Point Found in Muskingum County Mick Van Steen by Mary Jane Faulkhaber 13 Intrusive Mound Points from Northeastern Franklin As your new President I feel it an honor to walk in the steps of pre­ County, Ohio vious ASO Presidents especially those of Immediate Past President by Jonathan E. Bowen 14 Rocky Falleti. I hope Rocky will continue to be active and I will rely on Prehistoric Burials in Lyme Township of Huron County his advice. I want to congratulate all the reelected and new ASO of­ ficers. Because of the efforts of our officers for the past few years we Some Thoughts and Observations will not see a lot of changes in the operation of our Society. by Matt Burr 15 I have some projects which I would like to get started in the next New World-Class Interpretive Displays at the Garst few months. One of the most important will be gaining the help and Museum in Greenville 17 support of our more than 2,000 members. Thus I am extending an Stemmed Lanceolate Points invitation to everyone to become ACTIVE in ASO meetings, projects by Jim Mills 21 and programs. We would like each member to make a commitment to participate in Society activities - help at meetings, serve on one of Feurt Village Site Revisited the various committees, become an ASO officer, contribute articles by Mark E. Kuhn 22 to the Ohio Archaeologist. Remember, this Society belongs to you. Re-Visiting the Enigmatic Cones of the Woodland Period We want you to be a part of the largest state archaeological society by D. R. Gehlbach 29 in America. If you would like to help, donate a little time at meetings, run for The Battle of Peckuwe Revisited office, serve on a committee, have any suggestions - tell me or any by Robert W. Morris 30 of our officers. We will be happy to hear from you. Impressive Adena Stemmed Knife Below are listed some of the permanent ASO committees and their by Michael Rusnak 35 Chairmen. If you would like to serve, please let the Committee Chair­ man know. We need your help. The Archaeological Society of Ohio Institutes a Lifetime Achievement Award 36 Program - Brian Foltz Dr. Olaf H. Prufer First Recipient of the Membership - Dr. Robert Curry Lifetime Achievement Award 36 Exhibits - Chris Rummell Fraudulent Artifacts - Mick Van Steen Obituary: Olaf H. Prufer, 1930-2008 37 Nominating - Bob Converse Johnny Appleseed Show Winners 38 Legislative - Chris Rummell Fine Ohio Artifacts at the Johnny Appleseed Chapter's Professional Advisory - Rocky Falleti Summer Show Field Finds - Brian Foltz - Carl Harruff by Michael Rusnak 38 Silent Auction - Dennis Link Symposium - Brian Foltz Obituary: Joe Jesensky, Author & Charter Webmaster - Steve Carpenter would like someone to help with our Member of Cuyahoga Valley Chapter website - design and internet set-up. by Michael Rusnak 39 A Parallel Flake Lanceolate In addition, I and others will be exploring the possibility of a new by Bruce Filbrandt 40 state meeting location. In conjunction with this we will also look into the possibility of buying, building, or securing our own Society meet­ The Lake Rupert Mound ing place. This could be financed by donations, bequests and other A Possible Terminal Middle Woodland Site projects. It is something to think about. More on this later. In the by Richard Walker 41 meantime, I hope to see you all at the state meetings - and have a Letters 42 happy and joyful Holiday Season. A Henry County Fluted Point by Robert Nohr 42 Obituary: Jess Weber by Steven Carpenter 42 Mick Van Steen, President A Scioto County Birdstone by Dale Roberts 42 Back Cover Information 44

Front Cover: Chlorite Pieces Shown are bannerstones, cones and a gorget made of chlorite. From top to bottom - Banner found by Melane Monroe near Ashboro, NC - Cone, Dr. Meuser, Clinton Co. - Banner, Elmore Co., Alabama - Banner, Summit Co. - Cone, Ohio - Cone, Greenbush, Brown Co., Dr. Meuser - Banner, Newtown Site, Roundbottom Rd., Hamilton Co. - Cone, Ohio, ex L. Hicks - Gorget, Tucson, Ross Co.

3 WALTER C. METZ AND "PREHISTORIC REMAINS IN LICKING COUNTY, OHIO" by James L. Murphy Professor Emeritus Ohio State University Libraries Columbus, OH 43210

INTRODUCTION Corners, where he walked into a nearby negative is labeled "After the Race at Boi­ woods and shot himself (Newark Advocate, se, Idaho," probably dates to 1897. Several The chief contribution of Walter C. June 19,1935). Figure 1 is a portrait of Metz (Fig. 2-3) illustrate cowboys, Indians, and Metz (1879-1936) to Ohio archaeology is from the Newark Advocate. The only other an "Indian Village" associated with Buffalo the writing and publishing of a 16 page known photograph of him accompanies the Bill's [Wild West Show] and are included here, as they very likely represent the May pamphlet entitled "Prehistoric Remains in 1909 biographical sketch quoted below. 25,1901, visit of the traveling show to New­ Licking County, Ohio." This pamphlet is According to this sketch (Randall 1909), ark. An advertisement from the May 18th exceedingly rare, only two library copies being reported, although there undoubted­ "It was when but yet a youngster, 1901, Newark Advocate indicates that An­ ly are other copies existing in the Newark that the peculiar shaped mounds and nie Oakley was featured, although more at­ area. No date appears on the publication, odd flint pieces appealed to him as tention was given to Rough Rider veterans so that there is some question as to when being very curious. Curiosity, turned of the Spanish American War, Coast Guard Life Savers, veterans of the Boer War, Ca­ it was actually published. loose in Licking County, the unrivaled nadian Mounted Police, and a simulation of Arkansas State University at Jonesboro, field of prehistoric mounds and stone the Capture of Peking (Fig. 4). the institution that cataloged this pamphlet pieces, developed into scientific re­ search. At the early age of ten years, in the OCLC system (WorldCat) erroneously Two negatives are labeled "Flint Pieces, Mr. Metz started a collection of stone dated its publication to the 1920s. An in­ Licking Co." but are of the same artifacts implements, but soon this did not ternal reference to the 1903 Ohio National in different arrangements. These are part satisfy him and much of his time was of an incomplete series of photographs Guard Encampment during "the past sum­ spent in opening burial mounds, that mer," however, makes it clear that Metz must that are separately numbered in pencil he might learn more of the habits of from 5 through 10 and are numbers 5 and have published his work in 1903 or 1904. this pre-historic race. As a result of his 9 (Numbers 1-4 are missing.) Conspicuous Murphy (1997) has detailed the National untiring energy, over thirty-five hun­ (Fig. 5) in the bottom row are several dove­ Guard's activities at the Newark Earthworks. dred relics of the Mound Builders' Age tails, a stemmed point, flake knives and a Curiously, neither the Ohio Historical Soci­ have been brought together..." Hopewellian flint core. Collection numbers ety nor the Newark Public Library seems to can be discerned on the core (75), one of have a copy of Metz's pamphlet, although the flake knives (16 or 91), and several of the Newark Library once did (John Winsch, Mention is also made of "the small booklet, which he wrote and published," the drills (59, 71, and 20). The top row in­ pers. comm.) and the Ohio Archaeological cludes a Big Sandy point, several bifurcate Inventory form (33-U-3) refers to it. The only proving that it was published prior to 1909. In prose typical of the day, the pamphlet base points, triangular points, and a num­ known copies currently available are in the ber of drills. Another negative (Fig. 6) is sim­ Arkansas State University Library and the is further described: "The book is worthy of much consideration and evidences the ply labeled "Spear Heads," but these are library of the Rutherford B. Hayes Presiden­ also probably from Licking Co. On enlarge­ tial Center in Fremont, Ohio. interest of the author in his subject and the extensive knowledge he has acquired ment, the photography is good enough to permit identification of a fossil fusulinid in concerning the Mound Builders and their the triangular blade, making it likely that it BIOGRAPHY works in that section of the State." It is not is of Flint Ridge Vanport flint. Most of the known what became of Metz's artifact col­ Metz was born in Newark, Ohio, Febru­ notched points exhibit collection num­ ary 1 st, 1879, and received his early educa­ lection but several of the glass plate nega­ bers in black ink: the numbers 412, 148, tion there. In 1897 he went to Boise, Idaho, tives described below illustrate artifacts 46, 261, and 462 can be discerned with a joining a government surveying team. The that probably belong to it. hand lens and might aid identification of next two years were spent at the University the specimens if they are still extant. of New Hampshire, after which he attended "PREHISTORIC REMAINS IN Ohio State University, graduating in 1905 LICKING COUNTY, OHIO" Metz negatives 6 and 10 are duplicates with a B.A. degree. While at Ohio State he labeled "Bone Pieces Ross Co." (Fig. 7) and was made a life member of the Archaeo­ In 1994 a collection of glass plate pho­ probably represent artifacts from the Baum logical and Historical Society of Ohio. After tographic negatives was purchased at Ap- Site, excavated by William C. Mills in 1899, college, Metz entered the employ of the pletree Auctions in Newark, Ohio. Several 1902, and 1903 (Mills 1900, 1904, 1906). Newark Trust Co., of which his father was of these proved to be identical to photo­ Negative 8 ("Scraper and Scraper Bone") a director. Walter became president of the graphs in Metz's pamphlet, and other evi­ and an unnumbered negative are close-up bank in 1907 and the following year mar­ dence indicates that these are examples of views of two bone beamers, probably from ried Helen M. Weiant of Newark. He was the enthusiasm for amateur photography the Baum Site. Negative No. 7 is simply president of the bank for 22 years. Leisure mentioned in his death notice. For exam­ labeled "Pipes & Slate Pieces Hematites" interests included saddle horses, hunting, ple, there is a view of Thompson Hall at and provenience of the pieces is uncertain, amateur photography, and local archaeol­ the University of New Hampshire, built in although they may have been collected lo­ ogy. Plagued by ill health for several years, 1893 and recently restored; Metz doubtless cally by Metz in Licking Co. (Fig. 8). Metz retired in 1935 and on June 19th of photographed the building while he was at­ Several negatives illustrate artifact ma­ that year drove northeast of town to Wilkins tending the school around 1898. Another terial from the Marlowe Mound and one of

4 by members of the Calliopean Society of comm., August 11, 2008) agrees that the what later became Denison University. photograph suggests that the Newark The manuscript journal of the Society earspool is "early-middle" and definitely is preserved in the Denison University not "late." It is noteworthy that this ap­ Archives, and secretary Allen M. Faxon pears to be the first copper earspool il­ recorded that on July 4, 1836, after exca­ lustrated from the Newark area, two sty­ vating the Observatory Mound at Newark, listically early but somewhat anomalous the members also partially excavated the examples from the Hazlett Mound being eastern half of a large mound on the road the nearest previously known (Ruhl 1992: between Granville and Newark. In addi­ 55; Mills 1921: 156). tion to five or six human skeletons dis­ Several other negatives are too poorly covered "in distinct layers of earth, some preserved for prints to be reproduced here. in yellow clay, others in the black alluvi­ One is of the large stone mound north of on of the water course," the excavators Linnville, now difficult to photograph be­ found "a stone resembling the frustrum cause of heavy tree cover, another is of part of a cone, four inches in circumference of the stone wall at Glenford Fort, Perry at the base, used perhaps for pulverizing Co. Still others are of little or no historic or colours; a stone axe; arrow heads; and archaeological interest, such as a view of a large pieces of coal of black oak; a hol­ night-blooming Cereus. The negative col­ low tube of baked clay and sand about lection is chiefly of value in offering better five inches in length, one end terminat­ illustrations than those provided In Metz's ing in an oblong square base, resembling pamphlet, in providing catalog numbers the bottom of a smith's anvil, the hollow for some artifacts that might thereby be contracting and pressing out at one of the identified in existing collections. ends - used probably for a smoking pipe." The unusual occurrence of a "stone axe" REFERENCES CITED in a mound also yielding what clearly was an Adena tubular pipe, coupled with the Anonymous Figure 1 (Murphy) Walter C. Metz (1879-1934). little that is known regarding the location 1936 W. C. Metz Found Dead by 2 Boys. New­ From Newark Advocate, June 19, 1934. of the Marlowe Mound, strongly suggests ark Advocate, June 19,1935. that this is the burial mound excavated in 1954 Artifacts from the Frank Sharp Collection, 1836, even though in 1836 it is described Kingston, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 4(2): these photographs (Fig. 9) was included in 10-11. Metz's pamphlet. According to Metz (1903: as 15 feet high. 5-7), the Marlowe Mound stood near Rac­ Metz illustrated additional Adena mate­ Faxon, Allen M. coon Creek, a half mile east of Granville rial from the Warner Mound, a nine-foot 1836 Journal of the Calliopean Society of the "near the center of a well cultivated field." It high burial mound standing on the east Granville Literary and Theological Institu­ was 62 by 50 feet in diameter and five feet side of Buena Vista Street in eastern New­ tion. July 4, 1836. high. The OAI form (courtesy of Brent Eber- ark. Metz illustrates the mound both be­ hardt, Ohio Historic Preservation Office) fore and after a twelve foot wide alley was Mills, William C. cites Metz, saying the mound was a half excavated from east to west through the 1900 The Baum Prehistoric Village Site. Ohio mile east of Granville but adding that it was mound. According to his brief account, Naturalist 1(1): 4-8. two-fifths of a mile east of Parmassus [sic] 1904 Excavations of the Gartner Mound and fragments of pottery were numerous, split Village Site. Ohio State Archaeogical and Hill, with no source given for the latter infor­ animal bone fragments were found scat­ Historical Quarterly 13: 129-189 mation. Neither location precisely matches tered near the bottom, a human jaw was 1906 Baum Prehistoric Village. Ohio State Ar­ the UTM coordinates given for the site, and found three feet below the surface, and chaeological and Historical Quarterly 15: the precise location remains uncertain. A most of the artifacts were placed near the 45-136, 78 pi., 6 maps. quantity of red ochre was found, appar­ north side of the cut. The artifacts (Fig. 11), 1921 Flint Ridge. Ohio Archaeological and His­ ently in the mound fill. According to Metz's photographed in July 1901, include an Ad­ torical Quarterly 30:90-161. account, a portion of a human skull was ena quadriconcave gorget, a keyhole pen­ found 1 Vfe ft. below the surface, just west of dant and a formal (oval) grooved tablet. Murphy, James L. the center of the mound, in a layer of clay. 1997 Ohio National Guard Activities at the New­ Perhaps the most interesting archaeo­ ark Works. Ohio Archaeologist 47(1): 4-7. A flint flake of light-colored flint, a small logical photograph in the collection is that granite hammerstone, a sandstone cone, a showing a previously unreported cop­ Randall, E. O. small granite celt, and a crinoid stem bead 1 per earspool and large copper plaque, 1901 Walter Charles Metz. Ohio Archaeological 1 /2 inches long were found with the skull. labeled "Cu pieces found in mound in and Historical Society Publications 18(2): All other materials, including several Adena West End, taken Dec 26, 1901." Metz's 250-251. stemmed points, a keyhole pendant, and 1 pamphlet unfortunately provides no ad­ a trophy axe 5 /4 inches long, were in the ditional information: "...on removing a Ruhl, Katherine C. mound fill. The ceremonial grooved axe small mound in the western portion of the 1992 Copper Earspools from Ohio Hopewell Sites. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeol­ (Fig. 10) was made of quartzite and subse­ city, two copper pieces were found near quently was in the Frank Sharp Collection ogy 17 (1): 46-79. a human skeleton, one a Spool shaped 1996 Copper Earspools in the Hopewell Inter­ (Anonymous 1954). While some of these ornament, the other a piece of sheet cop­ artifacts are clearly Early Woodland, there is action Sphere: The Temporal and Social per with single perforation near one cor­ Implications. Unpubl M.A. thesis, Kent insufficient context to date the actual con­ ner." Although difficult to ascertain from State University. struction of the mound or to demonstrate a photograph (Fig. 12), the presence of a conclusively Adena provenience of the tro­ central hole and rather deep "umbilicus" Winsch, John phy axe, although the repeated discovery of with rounded rim profile indicates a form 2008 Further Notes on the Occurrence of Tro­ this artifact in Adena mounds makes such comparable to Ruhl's (1992) type 2, 4, or phy Axes in Adena. Ohio Archaeologist a conclusion more likely (Winsch 2008). 5. Ruhl's seriation of Hopewellian copper 58(2): 16-17. It is possible that the Marlowe Mound earspools indicates that these types are was partially excavated as early as 1836 earlier rather than later, and Ruhl (pers.

5 Figure 2 (Murphy) "2 Cowboys Buffalo Bills"

s

m»*mm* Figure 3 (Murphy) "Indians Horseback Buffalo Bills" Usual Show One Day Only Newark Lot Saturday May 25 IIFFIU BILL'S ROUGH RIDERS GREATEST EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITION THE WORLD KMBEACISG, AS IT DOES, TBS THIS YEAR THE HERO HORSEMEN OF ALL NATIONS ORIENT AB well as tie strong, sturdy, AND OCCIDENT Coast Guard •m Life Savers Shoulder to Thus exeopllfjing all that there is in bold, Shoulder dashing, tH THE HEROIC MANHOOD In the saddle and on the seashore. GREAT The great ARENA Novelty piled on Novelty and WILD WEST WORE WILDEAST COME. Now Unite«l Hand -In-Hand. Step by step the pathfinder has bncircled the globe. Kote the endless array of stir- ling jii.t: actions. SQUADRONS OF BRITISH A BAND OF BOLRS CANADIAN MOUNTED RiftES HflRTHWEST POLICE STRATHGfiliA HORSE RUSSIAN COSSACKS. BEOOUIH ARABS WILO WIST COWBOYS. 0. S. LIFE SAVERS And the World's Bonrted Warriors Presenting the prrenT***-; of all military hTKjtTacles t'.ie Battle of Tisrisii? CAPTURE Or PEKIK TTich ail the *,,ttiiiii!rp;»;-,otJp'* ir-tHm??.1. * the n.*-*cu'.' ut t!i*v i::*;»nijuncl J-n;:*".: .- including the HWSHUBEIEI And still ix-o have tho undisputed public favorites ANNIE OAKLEY,—JOHNNY BAKER Indians, Cowboys, Mexicans. Broncos, Stage Coaih, Emigrant Tra:i. and all the familiar features led by the gnat and only COL. W. F. CODY—"BUFFALO BILL" UMci Itoe EUectlvc Dlnctoriklp of MS. NATE SALSBURY. GRAND ROUGH RIDERS REVIEW Oa lit wralq 1 tmWtm, tawta» IW ffmttt **•»•"**, Ml IMMl lta m«d|>«lMMB Tto : iMillbn Oillf, 2 Hi 8 P. M.ft ita or Sitae. Maisitai 50 Cents. CMMm Uiier 10 Yuri 25 tarts CBSEKVBO SCATS (tocJwttoj advJMloD.}. #i«O0 And may b* ewumt on the taocuSng of tits AUOW dote, nt the iMuatplace

mm Cily our Store, 3a and West Main StreetsitarJiS#Ui^

figure 5 (Murphy) "Flint Pieces Licking Co.

Figure 6 (Murphy) "Spear Heads."

8 '

*•

- * t „ 1

figure 7 (Murphy) "Bone Pieces Ross Co." presumably from the Baum Site.

Figure 8 (Murphy) "Pipes and Slate Pieces, Hematites" possibly from Licking Co.

9 Figure 9 (Murphy) Artifacts from Marlowe Mound, east of Granville, Ohio, August 1901

Figure 10 (Murphy) Three-quarter grooved ceremonial axe from the Marlowe Mound.

10 Figure 11 (Murphy) "Contents of Warner Mound, July 1901.

Figure 12 (Murphy) "Cu pieces found in mound in West End, Decem­ ber 26, 1901."

11 CLASSIC OHIO ADENA AND HOPEWELL POINTS by Dr. Larry Capitini Columbus, Ohio

The color plate displays some of the highly colored Flint Ridge Adena and Hopewell points in my collection. All are from Ohio and are beautiful examples of the variations seen in Ohio's Flint Ridge flint.

12 ASHTABULA POINT FOUND IN MUSKINGUM COUNTY by Mary Jane Faulkhaber

I found this Ashtabula point in Musking­ Ashtabula points have subsequently been REFERENCES CITED um County on March 22, 1993, one hun­ found in the same locality. dred fifty yards from the Muskingum River. Ashtabula points were dated to the Brown, Jeffrey D. Made of Coshocton or Upper Mercer flint, Late Archaic period, around 1000 BC, at 1996 The Johnson Site II: Terminal Archaic it measures 5 inches long. As it was recov­ the Johnson II site in Tuscarawas County Points and Pottery. Ohio Archaeologist 42(2). ered from newly bulldozed tree roots in a (Brown 1996). fence row, it was never subjected to plow damage and is perfect. Several smaller

figure 1 (Faulkhaber) Obverse and reverse of Muskingum County Ashtabula point.

13 INTRUSIVE MOUND POINTS FROM NORTHEASTERN FRANKLIN COUNTY, OHIO by Jonathan E. Bowen

The five Intrusive Mound points and the tion of Intrusive Mound points in Ohio, see REFERENCES CITED single triangular Levanna point shown in Bowen 2004. Figure 1 were found on the former Price The Price family settled on this farm pri­ Bowen, Jeb 2004 Distribution and Chert Usage in Ohio Farm, where Rocky Fork empties into Big or to 1820. Sometime after the Civil War, Jack's Reef Points. Indian Artifact Maga­ Hugh Price donated his family's two cigar Walnut Creek. Today it is the location of the zine 23(3): 16-17. I-270 outerbelt bridge, just north of Port boxes of Indian artifacts for inclusion in the Columbus International Airport in north­ State House Relic Room, along with Ohio's Converse, Robert N. eastern Franklin County, Ohio. All seven battle flags. In 1916 the Indian artifacts in 1994 Ohio Flint Types. Archaeological Society specimens, which were manufactured the Relic Room were transferred to the of Ohio, Columbus. sometime around A.D. 700-900 (Converse new Ohio Archaeological and Historical 1994), are made from Upper Mercer flint, Museum on the Ohio State University cam­ which was obtained in Coshocton County pus. Today the Price collection is housed about 50 miles to the northeast. For more at the Ohio Historical Society under cata­ detailed information regarding the distribu­ log number 137.

> v;^

CM

figure 1 (Bowen) Intrusive Mound Points from Franklin County.

14 PREHISTORIC BURIALS IN LYME TOWNSHIP OF HURON COUNTY SOME THOUGHTS AND OBSERVATIONS by Matt Burr Bellevue, Ohio In the summer of 1957, on a farm located and periodic excavations for buildings. mance of old time Ohio. on Sandhill Road, just a few miles east of Bel- A search of old newspapers show the first Identity of the skeletons in all probability levue, near my parents' home, several buri­ recorded discovery of prehistoric burials in will remain unknown. Old settlers scratch als were uncovered by the landowner while Lyme Township in about 1924 when sand their heads in unfeigned puzzlement when moving sand from a large knoll behind his was removed from a knoll just north of the asked to recall incident or record that might barn. Norwalk archaeologist, and ASO mem­ Herner Site by a road construction crew. At aid in unraveling the mystery. But their men­ ber, Arthur George Smith, came to the farm that time, twelve burials were found, but no tal quest for a clue is futile. It is beyond their and removed a number of burials, then re­ data was collected, or observations record­ province to interpret history that occurred turned the following year when more burials ed. In 1929, more burials were uncovered more than a 100 sleeping years ago. th were unearthed by excavation equipment. It nearby as mentioned in the May 8 edition The recent unearthment brings the total was at this time that my parents took us kids of the "Monroeville Spectator": of skeletons found on the Reitz farm to 25. down the road to see what was happening. "While grading down a large sand bank Twelve were uncovered on the same site Although I was quite young, I can vividly on the Thomas Reitz Farm, located on the about five years ago when a road con­ remember standing in a small cow pasture road running from Hunt's Corners to Main struction gang cut away a section of the near a cement water trough while Mr. Smith, Market Road No. 20, the workmen found sandy hillock. holding a skull in one hand, briefed a small a gruesome discovery. Scattered through The latter discovery was effected when group of neighbors who had assembled out the bank human skeletons were un­ Reitz and his three sons cut into a hill in there. I also remember my dad backing up earthed, some of them being buried at a grading the spacious front yard of the farm. our truck to the knoll to get a load of sand, depth of six feet, while others were only a The hill, about eighteen feet high, stood al­ and while doing so, uncovered a burial. couple feet beneath the surface. most directly in front of the house, cutting The burial was quite far down the face of The skeletons, twenty-one have so far off a view of the road. the sandpit, and was in such poor condi­ been found, two of them small children The first skeleton was excavated after tion that the small bones crumbled when and some adults who were from seven to only a few hours of work. It was found near they were moved out of the way. By the end eight feet in height. All were in a fair state a crest of a hill. of the summer of 1958, a total of eighteen of preservation, and were evidently those Unloosened unexpectedly from its un­ burials had been salvaged from the knoll. of white people. marked sepulcher, it rattled down to the In 1960, Arthur George Smith wrote up There was no evidence of caskets and no base of the hill flinging its arms out in an the findings of his work at the Herner Site, system was used in the burials. How they awkward gesture. It was remarkably well and published them in "The Ohio Archaeolo­ came to be buried there is a deep mystery. preserved. Twelve other skeletons were gist" (pp. 52-59). He concluded that the site None of the histories of the early settlers found, including those of two children, be­ was used primarily by an early phase of the mention a cemetery in that location, and fore the hill was graded. Glacial Kame people, based on the location the supposition is that it was a group of set­ Without benefit of clergy or ceremonial of the burials (in a fossil beach sand dune), tlers who had been killed by the Indians, or ritual, Reitz and his sons dug a large grave the manner of burial (tightly flexed), and the had died from cholera, which disease had pit and returned the bones to an untrou­ depth of thirteen of the burials (as much as claimed the lives of hundreds of people in bled repose. seven feet below the surface). Little to no ar­ this part of Ohio nearly 100 years ago. News of the discovery, the second in five tifact material was found in conjunction with If any of our residents have information years, induces speculation. Only two factors the burials. The remaining five, shallower in regards to these burials, we would es­ seemed certain. The grave was not an Indi­ burials found in the knoll were attributed to teem it a great favor if they would impart an burial ground, no beads, pottery, or stone the much later Whittlesey Focus, based on it to us." instruments being found with the skeletons. the finding of a triangular point in dubious In the May 22nd edition, more mention It was not a regular cemetery for early association with one of these burials. was made of the discovery: white settlers. The skeletons were not ar­ In my later conversations with Mr. Hern­ "Ernest Moorefield, staff correspondent ranged orderly; rather, they apparently had er, he recalled that the burials had been with the Toledo News-Bee, visited the been thrown helter-skelter, into a hast­ tightly flexed with head to the east, feet scene of the mystery skeleton finding, near ily made grave. Reitz said he found them to the west. In some instances, the knees Hunt's Corners, and the following are his "jumbled all together, as though they had were drawn up nearly to the chin, and the impressions: been dumped in quick like."" hands were placed over the face. The site Monroeville, Ohio, May 13lh- Reinterred Finally, in April of 2004, at another set was eventually listed on the Ohio Archaeo­ in a shallow sandy grave in the front yard of knolls located approximately two miles logical Inventory as 33-HU-24. of a farm house west of here, thirteen skel­ northeast of the Reitz/Herner sites, a crew In the four plus decades since this an­ etons have returned to the oblivion from unearthed a burial while removing massive cient cemetery was accidentally uncov­ which a farmer's spade temporarily res­ amounts of sand for fill at a nearby ware­ ered, I have walked nearly every foot of cued them, leaving them a fanciful mystery house construction site. Because of the Lyme Township, noting where artifacts can that is baffling Huron county residents. heavy activity of construction equipment, be found, and what types. All periods are The skeletons were unearthed recent­ the involvement of county police, harass­ represented from early Paleo through late ly when a sand hill on the Thomas Reitz ment by activists, and the negative public­ Woodland, with the vast majority being Ar­ farm, midway between Hunt's Corners and ity that arose from the incident, access to chaic. Materials used range from high qual­ Horn's Corners was leveled. the site was prohibited by the landowner. ity Flint Ridge, to various types of chert, to a Neither cross nor stone marks the site of The April 21st edition of "The Morning local, medium quality, dark colored flint that the new burial plot less than a dozen feet Journal" reports that the County Coroner outcrops in numerous locations across the from the original grave. identified "a skull, tibia and vertebrae in the township. To the best of my knowledge, no Only a few scattered bones, still unbur- 20-foot tall sand mound," and also indicat­ further burials were uncovered within the ied, remain as visible evidence of some ed that the burial consisted of more than township despite heavy farming operations long forgotten tragedy or drama, or ro- one individual though only fragments of a Continued on page 16 15 Continued from page 15 second individual were present. A number the body had been tightly flexed with head markers in the subsoil sand of the knolls. of white stone beads were found, along to the east, feet to the west. While leaving When deaths occurred, it appears as if with some type of engraved effigy stone. the area, I discovered the hafted end of a the body was carried to one of the knolls About a week after the discovery, when badly broken, side-notched Archaic point and buried, tightly flexed, with the head to most of the excavation work was finished, near the southern edge of the excavation. the east. The burials located in the Reitz/ the landowner granted me a few hours to All of the bone fragments and the stone Herner site areas were probably from an visit the site so that I could take some notes beads were forwarded to the Huron County early phase of the Glacial Kame culture, as and measurements. The size of the exca­ Coroner with a request that they be reunited suggested by Arthur George Smith, where­ vation was huge, measuring approximately with the remainder of the skeletal material. as the most recently discovered burial, 400 feet wide (east to west) by 500 feet long The remains were to be turned over to a given the amount and type of grave arti­ (north to south). I roughly estimated that representative of the Wyandotte Nation for facts, represents a later phase of the same nearly two million cubic feet of sand had reburial. The Huron County Sheriff's Depart­ culture. been removed. Sitting near the center of the ment has ignored my request for copies of Although I have heard of numbers of Late excavation, was an island of sand, about photographs taken during the initial discov­ Woodland triangular points being found in twenty feet in diameter and six feet tall. ery, therefore little is known concerning the adjacent townships, they represent less About three feet up this pillar of yellow sand effigy artifact found with the burial. than one percent of the several thousand was a grayish colored stain. When I ran my points I have observed from Lyme Town­ band over the stain, I could feel bone frag­ Conclusion: ship. This makes me believe that the trian­ ments - the remains of the burial site. When the first white settlers came to gular point discovered in dubious connec­ Because so much of the overlying sand Lyme Township in the early 1800's, the land tion with a burial at the Herner Site, a fluke, had been removed, it was not possible to probably looked similar to what the Glacial and should not be considered as diagnos­ determine the precise depth of the burial, Kame people saw several thousand years tic evidence. but I estimate it to have been between six earlier. These early settlers described the There are undoubtedly numerous prehis­ and eight feet. There were no disturbances northern portion of the township as being toric burials remaining in the sand knolls in, that indicated the dimensions of the grave, covered with prairie grass twelve to eigh­ and around, Lyme Township. These buri­ nor evidence of ochre, ashes or charcoal. teen inches high, with a few thin wood lots als are rarely uncovered, but the next time The grayish stain varied from 2 to 3 inches scattered here and there. The most notable they are, I hope that cooler heads prevail wide by 18 inches long. feature would have been the large sand so that the remains can be treated with respect, and meaningful scientific informa­ The bone fragments consisted of the knolls rising more than fifty feet above the tion isn't lost. lower portions of a tibia, several lower lum­ level prairie. bar vertebrae, fragments of a pelvis, and My observation, from decades of sur­ several ankle bones, all in poor condition. face hunting, is that the Archaic people Also found, on the right side of the pel­ living in the township, for the most part, REFERENCES CITED vis area, seven white stone beads. These reserved these knolls for ceremonial pur­ beads were simply fossilized segments of poses, while habitating the lower ridges 1863 Firelands Pioneer, June 1863, p. 90 near streams. Far more artifacts have been crinoid stems, ranging from 8 to 10 mm in Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 10, Number 2, diameter, and about 2 mm in thickness. found on these low ridges than on the san­ pp. 52-59 The central hole in each segment was ap­ dy knolls. Likewise, charcoal and evidence proximately 3 mm and showed no signs of of fire pits, as well as flint chippage, have "Monroeville History As Found In The drilling under magnification. The position of been noted on these low ridges, whereas Monroeville Spectator", Vogt, Firelands the remaining bone material indicated that there seems to be a near absence of these Historical Society, p. 18

The Garst Museum Detailed scale reconstruction of Fort Greene Ville.

Continued from page 17 Dave Heckeman and Dusty Nealeigh designed the displays and Interpretation and archaeological advice was provided by pro­ oversaw the arrangement of artifacts. fessional archaeologist and expert on Greene Ville, Tony Dereg- But the driving force behind the entire project was local resident naucourt. Dr. David Cox and wife Mara spent many hours with the Fred Brumbaugh. Having an intense lifelong dedication and concern project and provided important artifacts from their own personal with the preservation of Greenville's history, Fred Brumbaugh pro­ collections. Museum specialists and historians Floyd Barmann, vided advice and financial guidance until the work was completed. 16 NEW WORLD-CLASS INTERPRETIVE DISPLAYS AT THE GARST MUSEUM IN GREENVILLE Local history students, archaeologists, enthusiasts, and museum professionals combine to create an outstanding presentation of America's early history at Greenville.

At the end of the Revolution when the newly formed American government was confronted with a myriad of problems, no single place in North America was more im­ portant to the future of the United Sates than what is now Greenville, Ohio. The Congress of this less than seven year old country was greatly concerned with the territory north and west of the Ohio River. Without con­ certed action to establish ownership of this wilderness there was considerable doubt whether a vast part of North America would eventually speak Spanish, French or British. All three countries, especially Great Britain, were courting and exerting influence on the resident Indians. Thus, Greenville was at the epicenter of events which were to have a momentous and long-lasting effect on the limits and boundaries of the new country. After an unsuccessful campaign against the Indian villages by General Harmar in 1790, Congress agreed in 1791 to furnish General Arthur St. Clair with an army to pro­ ceed north out of Fort Washington (Cincin­ nati) and either make peace with or subdue the Indians. One of St. Clair's encampments on his trek northward was on a bluff above a creek on the site of present day Green­ ville. Shortly thereafter, St. Clair's army was defeated and routed twenty miles north of Greenville at Fort Recovery by Indians who had surreptitious advice from British military officers. Nine hundred soldiers and civilians fledgling American government was in con­ were killed and in one of the few instanc­ trol of its western lands - lands which would es where the U. S. Army threw down their eventually extend to the Pacific Ocean. weapons and ran from the field of battle, the Material evidence of all these crucial epi­ remnants of St. Clair's army fled southward sodes of America's early history can be seen to Greenville and Fort Jefferson. in only one place - in the refurbished wing With this Indian victory, British influence of the Garst Museum in Greenville, Ohio. Re­ among the tribes was greatly enhanced, cently installed comprehensive, well-lit and and Congress realized that if the United detailed exhibits include an intricate scale States was to retain control of their west­ model of the fort at Greene Ville - just as it ap­ ern lands the States had to soundly de­ peared in 1793 - and a display of the Greene feat the Indians. To lead this new western Ville Treaty Pipe, symbol of the Treaty signing. campaign, President George Washington William Chandler Christie's original famous selected an old friend from the Revolution, painting of the treaty signing adorns one wall. General Anthony Wayne. Uniforms and accoutrements of Wayne's In 1793 Wayne's first project was to estab­ Legion are all beautifully presented. Toma­ lish his headquarters and base of operations hawks, guns, ammunition, tools, original let­ at the site of St. Clair's earlier encampment ters, early maps, relics from the fort, and the at Greenville Creek. Here a huge log fort was actual weapons thrown away by St. Clair's built - it was, in fact, the largest wooden army as they fled Fort Recovery - all give the fort in the world and the new headquarters viewer a close-up sense of the tragedies and of the entire U. S. Army. Wayne named it difficulties of these early struggles. Greene Ville. After several months training in For students of our country's history, and the new fort, Wayne's army marched north for those who are simply proud of our historic and in a series of successful battles not only heritage, these displays provide a real under­ recovered lost territory but soundly defeated standing of the events which swirled around the Indians at Fallen Timbers. Greene Ville and western Ohio in the 1790s. by a group of local professional and avo- The Indians sued for peace and in Au­ In addition to the exhibits, an entire section cational archaeologists, expert historians gust of 1795, representatives of all the is devoted to exhibit of the museum's large and accomplished museum specialists, as tribes gathered at the fort and the Treaty collection of prehistoric artifacts which has well as the contributions of local dedicated of Greene Ville was signed. Thus hostilities been re-interpreted and re-arranged. individual donors and entrepreneurs. ceased, new territorial lines were drawn, These presentations and exhibits are the and peace was established. At last, the result of countless hours of work donated Continued on page 16 17 Shateiaronhia (Leatheriips) l-ratherlip* was cruel of thi the Sandusk\ River ::i northern Ohio signer of thr treat] ol Greene support and friend tilers grew as he became older OW . cd him Igarberhps' because < ••: his trail "ol • breaking a pro

As an old man hung above today a Columbus Ohio. Leatherlips encouraged rooperauon between Indians and pioneers .-O ot arcomniunauiip Americans ied to biltei j resentment from two Shawnee brothers, j recumaeh and Temtcwatawv (the Prophet) The

• i vmen and cot him to death foi aw*} name

Wyandot Chief Leatherlips, one signer of the treaty. Exhibit of canteen, toothbrush and sewing Chinaware from the fort period. paraphernalia.

Dr. David Cox at the Prophet's Town exhibit.

Symbols of a new nation Indians and their dress and decorations.

The Final Campaign

M+

Story of Wayne's final campaign. Terms of the treaty with peace medal in 18 background. Order five Pair of small Flags, for the Wabash and Illinois Chiefs, as presents from the United States to the Indians HuWun'aChoIrr July IS. I7UJ

Indian presentation flags.

Dr. David Cox and Robert Converse at the Cannon balls diorama of the fort at Greene Ville.

Part of the prehistoric exhibit.

The peace treaty and the Greenville Pipe. Tools used in construction of Fort Greene Ville.

Dr. David Cox with artifacts from the Fur Trade period. Comprehensive display of early silver ornaments, buckles and jewelry, and trade items. 19 Part of the prehistoric artifact room. Archaeologist Tony Deregnaucourt with one of the many displays of prehistoric artifacts.

Wilderness Wars Military Armaments I Heroic Sacrifice •OT ) The Artillery In Action and Historic Peace

1

Ammunition - musket balls - flint locks.

Discarded bayonets, knives and weapons found at Fort Recovery. Map of the Northwest Territory and Indian Wars.

t^ir "uixl oid ht4tt it upon tint >,\t'. •'"•i*r tt*i ffitrr run nntwut to run, o rtm.un iht hunJjij :fft*iUtting ft*Ct, itrtttin the %/1mt'mnt 4tid huiitt en itt ofpoiitt tfaent.

VMMH *-r'i^V"*'

Early canteen, toothbrush, and other soldiers' personal equipment.

Early surveying equipment. 20 STEMMED LANCEOLATE POINTS by Jim Mills Bergholz, Ohio

Nine Stemmed Lanceolate points from Ohio are shown in the color plate. These are among the earliest points in Ohio with a distinct hafting design and are typical of the Piano period. Nearly all of them are made of local cherts but an occasional example is of Flint Ridge chalcedony. From top left - Ottawa Co., Wood Co., Delaware Co., Ohio, Richland Co., Indian Lake, Logan Co., Huron Co., Morrow Co., Portage Co.

21 FEURT VILLAGE SITE REVISITED by Mark E. Kuhn 771-A Rases Mountain Drive Minford, Ohio 45653

The Feurt Mounds and Village Site is located in Scioto County, 3 miles north of Portsmouth, on the second terrace on the east side of the Scioto River. The Fort Ancient Culture site was briefly examined in 1896 by Prof. Warren K. Moorehead. In 1916, a large portion of the site was professionally excavated by William C. Mills, on behalf of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society.'1' The publication cited in this footnote contains 145 pages of text and photos of the Mills excavation. From the 1930's through the 1950's, several private individuals conducted inde­ pendent excavations at the site. Artifacts from the site are present in many museum exhibits and private collections throughout the United States. The Ohio Archaeologist has published numerous articles about this site, beginning with the article "Feurts Rel­ ics Dug by Phil Kientz."(2) Although many volumes of our magazine have been devot­ ed to reporting individual finds at the site, a 1969 limited salvage excavation at the site was conducted and reported by David W. Figure 1 (Kuhn) Trench and calping at north end of Feurt Site, looking westerly. Kuhn.(3) And more recently Feurt artifacts excavated by Phil Kientz were illustrated.14' Coral Gables, Florida, resulting in occupation the pipe, was a 614" antler f laker and two iden­ From 1974 to 2003, the owner of the site, dates ranging from 1290 A.D. to 1410 A.D. In tical triangular points, VA" long (Figure 2). which contains a residue of about 4 acres, April, 2007, the site was inspected by archae­ Although the current salvage excava­ would not permit any digging on the prop­ ologist Dr. Jarrod Burks, who established new tion is ongoing, it is appropriate to report erty. In 2003, the land was purchased by grids, and obtained readings from a gradiom- the progress to date. Figures 3 through 13 David W. Kuhn, who immediately enlisted eter to register ground density. This identified illustrate some of the artifacts currently re­ the expertise of eminent archaeologist, Dr. areas which had been previously disturbed, in trieved at the site, all of which were located Jonathan E. (Jeb) Bowen, to supervise a both prehistoric and historic times. in habitation areas. Figure 8 illustrates some new salvage excavation at the site. Throughout the period of the current sal­ of the sandstone discoidals from the current To prepare for the current salvage exca­ vage excavation, about 1500 gallons of mid­ excavation. Most of the sandstone discoid­ vation, and with the knowledge that exten­ den were subjected to flotation, resulting in als found at the site (including in previous sive portions of the site had been previously a large quantity of ancient botanical assem­ excavations) are broken, either in half or into explored, a trench was dug along the north blage being obtained. The large quantity of several pieces. (Figure 9) Since the discoid­ edge of the site. The depth of the trench (to fish bones obtained from the flotation, were als show no wear or heavy use, it is possible base clay) varied from 2 feet to 6 feet, i.e., periodically delivered to Dr. Ted Cavender, at that they may have been intentionally bro­ the occupation midden is 2 feet to 6 feet Ohio State University. He has identified about ken. There are several theories as to why, but deep. Then the plow zone was mechanical­ 25 different species of fish. Due to the pres­ those theories will not be discussed here. ly removed from 10-12 feet of surface soil ence of the large quantity of fish bones at the The broken pipes found in the current ex­ south of the trench. (Figure 1). The midden site, it is felt that the inhabitants had one or cavation are illustrated in Figure 10 and 11. soil is dark and rich (compared to the sur­ more fish traps in the Scioto River, which is The partial fish effigy pipe in Figure 10, was rounding area), and contains fragments of currently about 1/4 to 1/2 mile west of the site. found in two pieces, yet still incomplete. It splintered animal bones, mussel shells, ex­ During prehistoric times, the river could have is made of gray Ohio pipe stone (which was tensive fish and bird bones, shell-tempered been closer to the site judging from the terrain quarried from the hill above the site), and pottery shards, flint chips (mostly river chert in the bottoms. The site is on the second ter­ has eyes and a mouth engraved at the head. and Delaware chert, but some Carter Cave race above the level of the river bottoms. Figure 11 illustrates six broken pipes, made and Flint Ridge flints), flint and granite ham­ A quantity of rice rat bones from the site of pipestone and sandstone. The breaks all mer stones, fire-cracked rock, charcoal and was furnished to Dr. Mark Schurr, an archae­ occurred in prehistoric times, and one can ashes in layers (in area of no re-deposit), as ologist and Head of the Department of An­ only imagine the reasons for the breaks. well as the usual Fort Ancient Culture ar­ thropology at the University of Notre Dame. As the current salvage excavation con­ tifacts (triangular points and drills, turkey, His study of the rice rats' diet by analyzing tinues, further reports will be submitted for deer and sliver bone awls, discoidals, bone carbon isotopes in the bones, concluded publication at appropriate intervals. tubular beads, shell disc beads, drilled and that the diet of the rice rats at the Feurt Vil­ undrilled wolf, mountain lion, bear and elk lage Site consisted entirely of corn (maize). (1) Ohio Archaeology and Historical Society teeth, bone flutes and pendants, flakers, On September 6, 2008, while mapping and Publications, Volume XXVI, Pages 304- 449 hairpins, antler arrowheads, shell hoes, etc. excavating the floor and post-holes of a struc­ (2) Ohio Archaeologist, Volume 2, No. 2, Page 32 After stripping the plow zone, and after the ture (on base clay), a sandstone elbow pipe area to be excavated was measured into was located on the floor inside the wall of the (3) Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 20, No. 1, Page 147 grids, the trowel removal of soil began. structure, near a post-hole. The depth of this A charcoal sample from the site was ana­ base clay floor is 24 inches below the original (4) Ohio Archaeologist, Volume 47, No. 2, Page 13 lyzed for radiocarbon dating by Beta Analytic of surface. Also on this floor area, 15 inches from 22 Figure 2 (Kuhn) Sandstone elbow pipe with two grooves around bowl, which has heat discoloration at rim of bowl. The antler flaker is 61A" long.

.

Figure 3 (Kuhn) One deer and two elk ulna awls. 23 Figure 4 (Kuhn) Five turkey meta-tarsal awls.

Figure 5 (Kuhn) Antler flakers used by prehistoric flint knappers.

24 Figure 6 (Kuhn) Drilled wolf teeth and an undrilled bear canine tooth.

Figure 7 (Kuhn) Undrilled wolf and bear teeth, bone and shell beads and pendants, and partial bone flutes (whistles). 25 )

) I

Figure 8 (Kuhn) Sandstone discoidals from the Feurt Site. One is drilled. o

^^55Ry I V 0 Figure 9 m(Kuhn) One complete and nine broken sandstone discoidals. The discoidals in the bottom row are drilled. None of the broken discoidals show wear or heavy use. 26 Figure 10 (Kuhn) Broken gray pipestone fish effigy pipe, with engraved eyes and mouth.

Figure 11 (Kuhn) Six broken pipes and two small pottery bowls. The pipes are made of Ohio pipestone and polished sandstone. 27 Figure 12 (Kuhn) Triangular projectile points, some serrated, showing the typical slightly flared base of Feurt trian­ gles. The point in the bottom row, sec­ ond from right, is made of Flint Ridge chalcedony, a rare material for Feurt triangles. Most are made of Delaware chert or river chert. Occasionally Carter Cave flint was used, and less frequently, Flint Ridge flint was used.

Figure 13 (Kuhn) Pre-Fort Ancient Cul­ ture points excavated at the Feurt Site, except the two Fort Ancient Culture knives in the center of the middle row. RE-VISITING THE ENIGMATIC CONES OF THE WOODLAND PERIOD by D. R. Gehlbach

Prehistoric societies crafted a number of artifacts that are hard to decipher. Among the artifacts in this category are the enig­ matic family of cones, the hemisphere- shaped stone artifacts found at Early and Middle Woodland cemetery sites mostly in the Midwest. Woodland cones were not used beyond the Hopewell era and therefore lack the replicating evidence of later cultures which might identify their origin and purposes. A number of speculations on their uses have been proposed, some mostly subjective. For example it has been suggested cones were divining stones used for prospecting, or locating water on unfamiliar terrains. clans as symbolic references (they look like lena) and rarely pottery. The less showy Others call them worry stones carried for miniature conical mounds) of where the in­ materials were probably chosen based on protection possibly against adversaries. dividual and/or an important ancestor was their availability locally and relative ease of They also might have been lucky stones buried. These cones would have provided working the mostly softer materials. The used when tracking wild game. Some sug­ surviving relations with both a visible con­ favorite raw material appear to be hema­ gest they were used as atlatl weights when nection and a remembrance, plus a de­ tite, especially at Hopewell sites in Ohio, hunting, although their rounded shapes votional keepsake. Additional support for Indiana and Illinois. Another popular mate­ would have been a nuisance when binding these theories comes from the decorations rial especially in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois them to throwing sticks. observed on some cones. Crosses (Fig­ was pipestone although very fine grained Perhaps a more logical possibility is that ure 1) are sometimes engraved on the top sandstone was often used at Ohio sites. In cones were designed for deployment with and/or bottoms of some examples prob­ southern Illinois and Missouri versions of other ritually important artifacts with buri­ ably depicting the four cardinal directions, rose quartz were often used. als. This is where they are usually found. an important symbol in the ritual world of It is important to note that cones are They could have been high quality religious the Woodland Indians. This ornamentation usually found in single numbers with very keepsakes or even jewelry before their final could have been used to address powerful few highly adorned burials in a particular placement. Or maybe they had formerly forces identified with the four directions. cemetery. This might be the best clue of been a shaman's medicine stones used for All of this suggests cones were special their proposed ritual use and possible as­ treating or curing illnesses. They may have purpose objects endowed with special sociation with only high status burials. A been rubbed on inflicted parts of the body powers. Another featured cone (Figure 2) provable reason for crafting the enigmatic serving as a curative device. is elaborately decorated with an engraved cones and why they were selectively used As mentioned, what little we know about raptorial bird design, giving support to its may be forever unsolved mysteries. use as a ritual amulet. The mythical bird as the typically semi-circular sometimes Following is a pictorial review of sever­ described by Historic Indian groups had highly colorful cones, is where they were al types of cones. They are presented to the ability to carry important messages often deposited. Cones are often found show the range of materials and their dif­ and facilitate one's passage through the with burials in mounds built by Woodland ferent configurations. upper sky world above the earth. societies who mostly lived in the midsec­ Figure 1 shows two colorful cones both tion of the country. Ohio, Indiana, por­ Cones were made in several styles. The with crosses engraved on their upper faces. tions of Kentucky, Michigan, Illinois and most prevalent shape is a hemisphere with The example on the left is made of creamy Missouri seem to have the most recorded a flat or sometimes slightly convex base. pink pipestone and was found in Licking examples. Their initial appearance was In some examples there is a slight oval de­ County, Ohio. The specimen next to it from during the Early Woodland Period. Cones pression in the mostly flat base. Some forms Scioto County, Ohio is made from deep reached their maximum exploitation level are more oblong and/or humped looking or green chlorite. The latter cone also has and stylistic development in the succeed­ may have a flattened top. Other specimens a large cross engraved on its base. Both ing Middle Woodland Period. They were a have a pimple-like feature at the top. The cones are oval shaped with flat bases. particular favorite of the ceremonially fo­ latter variations occur mostly at Middle Figure 2 is another pipestone cone. This cused Hopewell societies. Woodland sites. There is some confusion example has a raptorial bird design en­ If one further examines the meaning of about whether some of the humped more graved over its entire rounded upper sur­ their cemetery deployment, it can been oblong shaped examples are really cones. face. It was found in Ross County, Ohio suggested the Hopewellians used and de­ They resemble some types of loafstones. and has the familiar haystack profile. posited cones as devotional amulets dur­ These so-called cones almost never have Figure 3 is an atypical form of cone made ing funerals. Carrying this proposition one indentions in their bases. of Petoskey Stone, a raw material usually step further, one can surmise cones were The raw materials used by cone crafters found in the upper Great Lakes region. This ritual devices used in connection with the were often showy, exotic looking stones example has a somewhat squat-looking movement of the soul or spirit of the de­ which would take on a high level of sur­ profile with a tiny knob or pimple at the top. ceased to the next world. The lack of wear face polish. Exotic materials used included It was found in Cass County, Michigan. An observed on most examples would appear maroon-colored hematite, multi hues of unusual feature is a small cupped circular to support a special ceremonial role such quartz, quartzite, pipestone, horizontally- hole in the middle of its base. as the one suggested. Cones could also banded slate, chlorite, fluorite and even Figure 4 shows two highly colorful cones. have been deposited as fine jewelry to Petoskey Stone (Figure 3). Other less os­ The left specimen is made of a variegated honor special persons. Other cones may tentatious looking materials used for cones quartz compound with hues of red, yellow have been retained by family members or were sandstone, limestone, lead ore (ga- and cream material. It was found in Adams Continued on page 36 29 THE BATTLE OF PECKUWE REVISITED by Robert W. Morris Emeritus Professor of Geology Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio

Introduction built on an elevated embankment through memoration on July 17, 2005. The Sesqui­ the map area and the earth needed to centennial celebration in 1930 reportedly attracted 75,000 spectators. Mr. Rusty On July 17, 2005 cannon roared and construct this roadway was removed (bor­ Cottrel, President of the George Rogers muskets barked once again in the area of rowed) from several hilly areas nearby. One Clark Heritage Association, organized the George Rogers Clark Park as re-enactors borrow area lies directly northeast of the 2005 event and played the role of Cata- commemorated the 225th anniversary of the Hertzler House in George Rogers Clark hecasa (Black Hoof), the Shawnee chief battle of Peckuwe. This historic battle took Park and today is the site of "The Fair At who led the Indians during the battle (Fig­ place on August 8, 1780 and is considered New Boston," a colonial trade fair depict­ ure 4). Local re-enactors, some of whom to be the largest Revolutionary War engage­ ing life on the frontier between 1790 and are members of the George Rogers Clark ment west of the Allegheny Mountains. The 1810, held each Labor Day weekend. The Heritage Association, and others, some of battle involved the militia, riflemen and reg­ elevated Route 4 highway totally disrupts whom are members of the Brigade of the ulars of Colonel George Rogers Clark who the 1780 terrain, since at that time one American Revolution, played the roles of attacked the Shawnee at their village of could traverse flat land from the village site Clark's regulars and Kentucky militia, as Peckuwe, in and adjacent to George Rog­ south to the banks of Mad River. well as the Indians. ers Clark Park, Clark County, Ohio. This In 1780, both the Hertzler House and the paper presents both the historical back­ GRC Monument were also not present (Fig­ Another addition to the 2005 re-enact­ ground and coverage of the battle, as well ures 1, 2). Daniel Hertzler, a successful mill ment was the use of a British 6-pounder as archaeological information relative to the owner and banker, built this house for his light field cannon, which is owned by the battle site area. Numerous publications and family in 1854. Unfortunately, he was mur­ Clark County Park District. This cannon articles have been written over the years dered in the house by robbers in 1867. This is an outstanding, working replica of the about this battle and detailed information historic house has been restored to look 6-pounder cannon captured from the British for this report have come mainly from the much as it did at that time and is open for by Clark at Vincennes (Ft. Sackville) in 1779 following sources: J. Martin West (1975), visitors to tour (by appointment). Adjacent (Figure 5). We know Clark used a 6-pounder Richard R. Juday (1976), Mary A. Skardon to the house is an historic bank barn from such as this in the 1780 battle and also had, (1980), Floyd A. Barmann (1980), Jon L. Montgomery County which was reassem­ at least, one 4 pounder with him as well. A Joyce (1980), Tony DeRegnaucourt et al bled by the Timber Framers Guild and local field cannon like this could fire a cannon (1994), Burton Kummerow (2001) and Pam volunteers during 2007 and which fit the ac­ ball (solid iron shot) weighing 6 pounds to Cottrel (2005) and Tom Stafford (2005). tual foundation of the former Hertzler barn. batter enemy fortifications, as well as to The large monument (Figure 3) north of the destroy or disable the carriages of enemy Hertzler House depicts George Rogers Clark cannons. It was also used against enemy Geographic Setting and his men on one side and Tecumseh on infantry at closer range by firing grapeshot the other side. Sculpted by Charles Keck of or canister rounds (musket balls packed in About 4 miles due west of Springfield, Chicago, this monument was unveiled and bags or containers) which spread out and Ohio, just north of Route 4, lies George dedicated on August 8, 1924. acted like lethal "buckshot" in battle. Dur­ Rogers Clark Park. The park encompasses ing the re-enactments, obviously safety of about 250 acres of hilly woodland terrain Other recent additions to this area are the homes built along the west side of Tecum­ the participants and spectators is foremost, and at its southwestern corner is situated thus only black powder is used in the can­ the historic Hertzler House and the George seh Road opposite the park and include the newer homes of the Shawnee Springs nons and muskets. In the 2005 event, local Rogers Clark Monument, both on a ridge members of the 1st Mad River Light Artillery overlooking Mad River valley (Figure 1). development, built on the hills north of the Peckuwe village site (Figure 1). The (Clark County), as well as several other artil­ This map not only depicts the present cul­ lerists, manned the cannons. tural and geographic features of the area, Davidson Interpretive Center, located on but also the sequential aspects of the 1780 part of the battlefield, is a modern building battle. In 1780, two Shawnee villages, owned by the Clark County Park District. Historical Background Peckuwe (also spelled Picawey and Pi- It contains historical exhibits pertaining to qua) and Kispoko, inhabited by two septs the battle of Peckuwe, as well as the life During the American Revolution, most of of the Shawnee tribe, occupied the area. and times of the Shawnee and other tribes the famous battles, locations, and events These villages are believed to have been which occupied this area in the mid to late took place along the Atlantic coast, from the constructed around 1754 when the Shaw­ 1700's. Construction of the Davidson Inter­ New England states south into New York, nee began to occupy Mad River valley and pretive Center in 1999 was funded by the New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and further the huts and cabins were situated on the Davidson Trust and is named after the late south into Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas flat, lowland north of Mad River. This same Carleton Davidson, a generous and well and Georgia. Many people don't realize that fertile ground reportedly supported about known Springfield businessman of the last during the war, fighting was also going on 800 acres of com, squash and other veg­ century. The Center is open each weekday sporadically in the frontier regions (North­ etables which stretched along Mad River from 10 am to 4 pm. west Territory), now the states of Kentucky, toward Springfield. It is noteworthy that Te- Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, and Illinois. Much of this warfare involved the Native cumseh, the most famous and well known Re-enactments of the battle Shawnee chief, was born in Peckuwe American (Indian) tribes which were allied with the British during the war against the about 1768. Since the actual battle of Peckuwe in Au­ American settlers who were slowly push­ gust 1780, there have been at least four re- Obviously, in 1780, the roads depicted ing westward into Kentucky, western Penn­ on the map (Figure 1), specifically Route enactments staged in the GRC Park area to commemorate the battle and its partici­ sylvania, western New York and down the 4, Lower Valley Pike and Tecumseh Road pants. The 100th Anniversary was held in Ohio River Valley. The British had no trouble were not present and today they cut di­ 1880, the Sesquicentennial in 1930, the gaining the support of the Indians because rectly through the Shawnee village loca­ Bicentennial in 1980, and the 225th com­ 1) the Indians were upset at the settlers tions and battle site. In addition, Route 4 is 30 continually moving into and occupying their Clark decided to move against the Indi­ ly after fording the river, Lynn and Floyd's land and 2) the British supplied the Indians ans. During July 1780, he issued a call for men were fired on by Indians hidden in the with muskets, gunpowder, lead, trade axes, Kentucky militia and riflemen and began cornfields and prairie grass. This initial en­ knives, and other items which were well re­ to assemble an army in order to stage a gagement became quite heated, such that ceived. The overall British objective in this counterattack against the British and In­ Clark moved some of his troops from the frontier area, the region lying between the dians. His plans were to move north into center in support of Lynn and Floyd on the Allegheny Mountains in the east and the Ohio territory and attack the Indians de­ left flank (Figure 6). The Indians, using hit Mississippi River in the west and from the stroying their villages and crops. On July and run tactics, tried to outflank Clark's left Great Lakes south across the Ohio River, 31, Colonels Logan and Harrod with their wing, thus causing Lynn and Floyd's men was to keep American settlers from occu­ militia joined Clark and his regulars at the to move further to the west away from the pying and gaining a foothold. To accomplish confluence of the Licking and Ohio Rivers villages, but eventually into the hills to the this, the British enlisted the Indians to ac­ (today's Covington, Kentucky) and in total north. For the next several hours, sporadic company them and conduct raids on Amer­ numbered about 1000 men. After crossing fighting continued through the wooded ican settlements and outposts in the region. the Ohio, they constructed a blockhouse hilly area northwest and north of the vil­ A major British base in the Northwest Terri­ to store provisions in the vicinity of present lage. Eventually the Indians withdrew into tory at this time was Ft. Detroit, where Colo­ day Cincinnati. Clark's first objective was their village and stockade. nel Henry "The Hairbuyer" Hamilton gained the Shawnee village of Chillicothe (or Chal- Earlier in the battle, Clark reportedly fame by paying his Indian allies with gun­ hagawtha), located near present day Old- opened fire with one of his cannons us­ powder and other trade goods for American town in Greene County. Clark's men took ing canister shot directed at the Indians in scalps. After Hamilton and his troops were about 5 days to reach the village partly be­ the cornfield area. Later, during a lull in the captured at Ft. Sackville (Vincennes, Indi­ cause they needed to cut a road in order fighting and with most of the Indians hav­ ana) in February 1779 by the daring surprise to move their cannons and supply wagon. ing withdrawn into the village, Clark moved raid of George Rogers Clark, the new Brit­ The Indians knew of Clark's approach and his artillery up on a hill overlooking the ish commander of Ft. Detroit and the Kings upon his arrival on August 7, he found the th stockade. In order to protect his artillery, 8 Regiment of Foot became Colonel Arent village deserted. His troops destroyed the Clark had his men form a hollow square DePeyster. The same strategy was contin­ buildings and most of the corn and camped surrounding the cannons. About this time, ued by DePeyster, that is incite the Indians there overnight. Learning there were about a group of Indians emerged from the stock­ to conduct raids south across the Ohio 300 warriors at Peckuwe, Clark decided to ade and formed a line which advanced to­ River into Kentucky territory and attack the attack that village the next day. ward Clark's position firing musket volleys. American settlements (stations). This linear formation, typical of European In June of 1780, Capt. Henry Bird and The Battle of Peckuwe warfare, was probably suggested by the troops of the Kings 8th Regiment of Foot, British and very atypical of Indian tac­ accompanied by Loyalist militia and a large Peckuwe and Kispoko were principally tics. Simultaneous with this linear attack, number of Indians from the Great Lakes re­ Shawnee villages; however, Delaware, a large group of Indians attacked Clark's gion, as well as Shawnee and others who Mingo, and Wyandot Indians were also hollow square from the woods to the north. joined along the way, traveled south to the present. It is believed that between 300 Sustained musket and rifle fire from Clark's Ohio River. The overall British force totaled and 400 warriors were at Peckuwe at the men repulsed both attacks and the Indi­ about 700, the majority of which were Indi­ time of Clark's arrival. Sometime prior to ans withdrew back into the stockade or ans led by Alexander McKee. Bird's original August 1780, the British and Indians had woods. Clark then ordered his artillery to plan was to go down the Ohio River and at­ built a triangular stockade in the village commence firing solid shot at the stock­ tack Clark at his base near Louisville; how­ (Figure 1); however, its exact location is ade (Figure 7). About 14 shots were fired ever, the Indians convinced Bird to instead uncertain as of this date. For the 1980 Bi­ at the stockade which, no doubt, blasted cross the Ohio River and follow the Licking centennial celebration, a replica of this tri­ apart portions of the structure (personal River south to the American posts at Rud­ angular stockade containing a blockhouse communication, Rusty Cottrel, 2007). The dle's and Martin's Stations. Bird's contin­ was constructed in George Rogers Clark Shawnee and their Indian allies, realizing gent reached Ruddle's Station on June 24, Park. This stockade, still present, has 10 that Clark's artillery and troops command­ 1780 and after several rounds were fired at foot high log pickets forming the walls, two ed the field, abandoned the stockade and the fort from his 3-pounder cannon, and his of which measure 70 feet long by 53 feet withdrew off to the east, through what is 6-pounder was rolled into position, the fort across the back gated side. now George Rogers Clark Park. surrendered. While Bird was negotiating On August 8, 1780, Clark's army ad­ An interesting and ironic aspect of this terms of surrender, in which the men, wom­ vanced toward Peckuwe and reached the engagement involves Colonel Logan and en and children would be taken captive and Mad River within sight of the village in the his 400 troops which Clark had sent east­ under British protection, the Indians rushed early afternoon. Clark decided on a 3-prong ward along Mad River to circle around into the fort and killed and scalped some maneuver to attack the village. His plans behind the Indians. Supposedly, Simon of the prisoners, as well as slaughtering all were to send Colonels Lynn and Floyd and Kenton, a frontiersman with knowledge the cattle. Bird could do little to control the their troops as his left flank, to circle around of this area, accompanied Logan. How­ Indians. His army then advanced down the the western edge of the village and gain ever, Logan and his men were never able Licking River a few miles to Martin's Sta­ command of the hills north of the village. to accomplish their mission because they tion where the fort surrendered immedi­ At the same time, he would send Colonel encountered swampy areas along Mad ately. Again, the Indians reacted savagely Logan with 400 men as his right flank to River and a formidable line of "limestone" and a number of prisoners were killed and advance eastward along Mad River, then cliffs along the north side of the river. From scalped. Now faced with a shortage of food move north and cut off any retreat of the a geologic perspective, these cliffs are ac­ and provisions, Bird ended this raid and re­ Indians to the east. Clark would command tually dolomite (dolostone), a sedimentary turned northward to Ft. Detroit with about the central third of his troops with his ar­ rock similar to limestone, but slightly hard­ 300 prisoners. tillery and attack the village directly. His er and more resistant. This line of dolomite left flank and center forded the Mad River cliffs, averaging about 40 feet in height, ex­ Prelude to the battle about VA mile downstream from the vil­ tends along Mad River from the park area lage, probably near the present location of eastward into Springfield. These dolomite After learning of Bird's raid into Ken­ Aaron's canoe livery. Consulting the map cliffs consist of the Middle Silurian age tucky and the atrocities of the Indians drawn by Floyd Barmann in 1980 (Figure Cedarville and Springfield Dolomite forma­ and capture of prisoners at Ruddle's and 1), one can trace the general events of the tions and underlie Springfield and much of Martin's Stations, Colonel George Rogers battle as it progressed. Almost immediate­ Clark and Greene counties. Early settlers in 31 for British and Indian raids southward into the Kentucky settlements. Clark's victory served to temporarily curtail these raids and put these village sites out of commis­ sion. The Indians were forced to relocate to near present day Piqua, Ohio, but the raids did continue off and on for several more years. The Revolutionary War officially ended in 1783; however Indian wars on the frontier continued for the next decade until General Anthony Wayne defeated the Indians at the battle of Fallen Timbers in 1793. The Treaty of Greenville was signed with the Indians in 1795. Clark County, Ohio is named in honor of General George Rogers Clark who, during the Revolutionary War, prevented the Brit­ ish and their Indian allies from maintaining control of the Northwest Territory. In the center of downtown Springfield stands a bronze statue of General Clark and 6 miles west of Springfield in the battle site area is George Rogers Clark Park. The famous Shawnee chief Tecumseh, who witnessed the battle of Peckuwe as a 12 year old boy, continued to fight against the influx of American settlers into this region. Dur­ Figure 1 (Morris) Map of the battle of Peckuwe drawn by Floyd A. Barmann in 1980 to commemorate ing the War of 1812, he and his warriors the 200th anniversary of the battle. The map shows the sequence of events during the battle, as well again fought on the side of the British until as geographic and cultural features of the area. Dl represents the general location of the Davidson Interpretive Center; the stippled area represents the location of the Shawnee Springs Housing tract. he was killed at the battle of the Thames in Permission to use from the Clark County Park District; slightly modified by the author. Ontario in 1813. A bronze statue of Tecum­ seh stands in Veterans Park (formerly Cliff Springfield called this rock limestone and there that night. They decided not to pur­ Park) in Springfield. it was quarried in several places for many sue the Indians. Clark reported his losses The battle of Peckuwe and the ongo­ years for use as a foundation stone. were 14 men killed and 13 wounded and ing Indian Wars on the frontier were to a Since a number of Logan's men were on estimated the Indians had lost 3 times that large extent what has been termed "a horseback, it proved impossible for those number. British Capt. Alexander McKee's clash of cultures." One cannot blame the troops to cross the river and scale the cliffs report to DePeyster on 22 August 1780 historic Indian tribes for being resentful of as part of the original plan. Thus, 400 of concluded that 48 of Clark's men had been the European colonists and settlers who Clark's men never saw action in the battle. killed, whereas the Indians had lost only 6 continually pushed westward into their Adequate reconnaissance of a region in­ dead and 3 wounded. The Indians general­ lands. It was a natural response for them cluding detailed knowledge of the terrain is ly carried off their dead and wounded, thus to fight for and defend their homeland. an extremely important component for any accurate numbers of Indian casualties are This has happened time and again down commander going into battle. If Clark had lacking. During the next two days, Clark's through history, where indigenous people known of the existence and extent of these men destroyed from 800 to 1000 acres of are overwhelmed by intruding Europeans cliffs prior to the battle, one wonders if he Indian corn and vegetables. They buried who have the technological superiority in would have committed 400 of his troops to their dead below the floors of the Indian the form of guns, weapons, supplies, and carry out this "failed" mission? The bottom cabins, then burned the cabins to hide the eventually numbers. European diseases line is that Logan's men were never able to burials and prevent mutilation by the Indi­ also had a profound impact on these in­ engage the Indians, as well as cut off their ans. It was later reported that the Indians digenous people. The Spanish conquered escape route to the east. returned to Peckuwe after Clark had left the natives of the West Indies, Mexico, Following the conclusion of the battle, and dug up and scalped the dead soldiers. Central and much of South America, and late in the day on August 8, Clark's men Clark then began his return trip to Ken­ later various European nations conquered occupied the village sites and camped tucky. His troops stopped at the burned and colonized much of Africa. It was inevi­ village of Chillicothe and salvaged corn to table that the historic Indian tribes of North sustain them during their trip south. Even­ America would eventually succumb to the tually, they crossed the Ohio River and onslaught of European immigrants and returned to their settlements in Kentucky, settlers who came to the New World. many close to starvation by the time they reached home due to very meager food supplies available on the journey. Archaeology of the battle site Due to the large number of soldiers The construction of Route 4 north of Mad and Indians involved in this engagement, River, as well as other roads in the area Peckuwe is considered the largest Revo­ have done major damage to and obliterated lutionary War battle fought on the western parts of the historic battle site. In addition, frontier. Although loss of life was not high homes built in the hilly area along Tecum­ on either side, Clark won a strategic vic­ seh Road and commercial buildings along tory because he destroyed two Shawnee Lower Valley Pike have also impacted the Figure 2 (Morris) View to the northeast across part villages and more importantly, the corn area. In the years following the 1780 battle, of the lower field area of the battle site and former as the fields comprising the battleground location of Peckuwe village. George Rogers Clark and food supplies that were needed by the monument visible on ridge (far left); historic Hert­ Indians and their British allies. These villag­ were being farmed, a number of interesting zler House on the ridge (far right). es had been important "staging grounds" artifacts were found. Four or five belt axes 32 Figure 3 (Morris) Catahecasa (Black Hoof), the Shawnee chief who led the Indians during the battle, portrayed by Rusty Cottrel during the 2005 re-enactment. Figure 4 (Morris) George Rogers Clark monument, erected in 1924, overlooking the battle site. and tomahawks of various types (Figure 8) Shawnee Springs Housing Development. were recovered in the area and are now in Adjacent acreage in the same area was Approximately 51 acres were surveyed the collections of the Clark County Histori­ planned to be sold and/or donated to the in this study with about half located in the cal Society and on display in the Heritage Clark County Park District for preservation lower field area, labeled cornfields and Center in downtown Springfield. These axes of part of the original battle site. Rezoning cabins (Figure 1). Techniques used in this could have been carried by any of the par­ was required for the housing development survey included extensive metal detecting ticipants, including Clark's men, as well as to be approved and an archaeological sur­ at one meter intervals, a Ground Penetrat­ the Indians. Outline drawings of these axes vey of the land was requested by the Clark ing Radar (GPR) survey by members of the (Figure 9) illustrate their different styles. An­ County Commissioners and the County Geological Sciences Department at Wright other artifact found on the battlefield is the Planning Commission (DeRegnaucourt et State University, and some trenching in barrel from a trade rifle, no doubt used and al, 1994). The major purpose of the survey several areas using backhoes (DeReg­ lost in the battle. The barrel measures 42 was to determine if any significant remains naucourt et al, 1994). Results of the metal inches in length and is also on display at the of the Shawnee village and 1780 battle detecting yielded recovery of more than Heritage Center. In addition to musket balls were present, especially possible graves 2300 metallic items of which about 234 of various caliber which have been picked or burial remains of Indians or Clark's sol­ (10%) were deemed important enough to up over the years, about a dozen 6-pound diers. The survey might also yield evidence be cleaned and studied (DeRegnaucourt et and 4-pound solid round shot (cannon balls) of locations of former Indian cabins and al, 1994). As one might expect, in an area have been found in the area, some of which the triangular stockade. are on display at the Heritage Center (Fig­ Continued on page 43 ure 10). In addition to artifacts on display, an excellent, short film about the battle of Peckuwe can be viewed in a small theater at the Heritage Center. During March and April 1994, an inten­ sive archaeological reconnaissance survey was done in three different portions of the Peckuwe battle site area by Historic Ar­ chaeological Research, Inc. of Arcanum, Ohio. This survey was directed by Tony DeRegnaucourt, the principal investigator, as well as Richard Green and Larry Ham­ ilton of Historic Archaeological Research, Inc. and results have been compiled into a detailed report (1994). The following in­ formation is taken from this report and at­ tempts to highlight some of the interesting archaeological information which came to light. The Peckuwe village site and much of the battlefield were located on the MacGil- livray farm, situated west of Tecumseh Road and north of Lower Valley Pike (Figure 1). Mr. Randy MacGillivray and Ty Peshick planned to have a portion of this property developed into home sites of the proposed Figure 5 (Morris) Re-enactors portraying Clark's artillery crew with the replica of the captured British 6-pounder field cannon prior to the battle. The Hertzler House is visible in the background.

33 Figure 6 (Morris) Re-enactors representing Clark's Kentucky militia advancing Figure 7 (Morris) Clark's artillery men preparing to fire the 6-pounder field toward the village of Peckuwe during the battle. cannon at the triangular stockade from their hilltop position.

Figure 8 (Morris) Belt axes and a hand forged knife found in the Peckuwe battle site area. Courtesy of the Clark County Park District and Clark County Historical Society.

Figure 9 (Morris) Outline drawings of 4 belt axes found on the Peckuwe battle site. Top to bottom, they measure (in inches) from poll to blade: A = 5%, B = 5, C = 6'/«, D = 43/& These belt axes are in the collection of the Clark County Historical Society and are on display at the Heritage Center of Clark County (Springfield).

Figure 10 (Morris) Two 6 pound (left and center) and one 4 pound solid round shot (cannon balls) recovered in the George Rogers Clark Park area, having been fired during the 1780 battle. Courtesy of the Clark County Park District and Clark County Historical Society.

34 IMPRESSIVE ADENA STEMMED KNIFE by Michael Rusnak 4642 Friar Rd. Stow, OH 44224

Figures 1 and 2 show a sizable classic beautifully symmetrical and well made. dates Late Adena knives from 2,700 Late Adena knife found in Ohio near the This impressive blade is in the collection years B.R to 1,700 years B.R He states Ross and Fayette County lines. of ASO member Pat Armstrong of Mans­ that "Classic Adena Points are the hall­ As is typical of this type, the artifact bears field. Pat related that her sister, Vickie mark of the Adena Culture." He also notes a prominent square stem and broad blade. Tackett, found the piece at her home. It that while some 8 or 9 inch examples are It measures slightly more than 41/2 inches in was found right on the surface while scrap­ known, most points are between 21/2 to 5 length and more than 2 inches in width at the ing the ground to build a bonfire. The prop­ inches in length, making this Adena among shoulder. It appears to have been made from erty where the knife was found lies right on the larger specimens. Flint Ridge material that now has a heavy the county line between Ross and Fayette Pat Armstrong is a member of the ASO and patina. The knife is quite thick and sturdy Counties. the Johnny Appleseed Chapter. Much thanks in its cross section, and its outline appears In Ohio Flint Types, Robert Converse to her for sharing this impressive find.

Figures 1 & 2: Obverse & Reverse of classic Late Adena found near the Ross/Fayette County line. The 4Vi inch piece is here shown near actual size.

35 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO INSTITUTES A LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD

The Board of Directors of the Archaeo­ Criteria are that the nominee must have ASO Board by letter listing the nominee's logical Society of Ohio has established at made a series of contributions to archae­ qualifications and other pertinent data. A the May meeting a Lifetime Achievement ology among which are conforming to the Lifetime Achievement Award committee Award in honor of individuals, profession­ highest standards of excavation, research, will then judge the criteria. This award will al or amateur, who have made important and reporting with an emphasis on report­ not necessarily be given yearly, but at the contributions to archaeology. The award ing and publishing. Financing, promotion Committee's discretion, and may be made will be made in recognition of those who and other furtherance of archaeology will at any time on the basis of merit to one or have devoted their lives and careers in fur­ also be considered. more recipients. thering the science. Nominations may be submitted to the

DR. OLAF H. PRUFER FIRST RECIPIENT OF THE LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD

On October 11, 2008, Dr. Olaf Prufer of Kent State University was awarded the first Lifetime Achievement Award from the Archaeological Soci­ ety of Ohio. Awarded posthumously, a plaque was presented to Mrs. Prufer by ASO member Thomas Piggot at a memorial ceremony at Kent State's Lowry Hall. Prufer was considered the dean of Ohio archaeologists and his contributions and publica­ tions were voluminous. The following is the text of the award.

INTRIBUTE AND RECOGNITION FOR

A LIFETIME OFCONTRIBUTIONS Continued from page 29 AND DEDICATION TO THE HIGHEST County, Illinois. The example on the right features an interesting design of an unknown material em­ STANDARDSOF bedded in quartz. It also has a small pimple-like EXCAVATION, RESEARCH AND feature at the top. It was found in Jefferson County, Kentucky. Both cones have flat bases. PUBLICATION Figure 5 features two cones with almost pyramid­ r THE SCIENCE OF ARCH AEOI^OOTT like profiles. The left specimen made of banded slate was found in Franklin County, Ohio while the other example made of very fine grained sandstone was found at West Liberty in Logan County, Ohio. The sandstone example has a slightly concave base. Figure 6 shows two more cones. The larger cone made of showy crystal quartz was found in Richland County, Ohio. The other cone of speckled granite with quartz inclusions comes from Warren County, Indiana. The crystal quartz has a slightly convex base. The other specimen has a flat base. Figure 7 is another cone form. This steatite exam­ ple has a flat top and was found in Scioto County, Ohio. Its base is flat. Figure 8 is another exotic looking cone made of attractive variegated or banded hematite. Like previously referenced examples it has a pimple- shaped feature at the top. It was found in Summit County, Ohio.

36 OBITUARY OLAF H. PRUFER 1930-2008

Movius became Olaf's mentor and arranged for his enrollment at Harvard, despite his lack of a high school diploma. He received his bachelor's, master's and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard, the latter in 1961. He taught at Case Institute of Technology from 1959 to 1967, at the University of Massachusetts in 1967 and 1968, and at Kent State University from 1968 until his death. He was also associated with the Cleveland Museum of Natural History from 1959 to 1965. He had a long and productive record of field archaeology fol­ lowing his endeavors in India. In addition to decades of extensive fieldwork in Ohio, he also excavated in Germany, and published reports on archaeological investigations in China and Lebanon. Unlike many archaeologists, every site that Olaf excavated has been published, except for the massive 1967 - 1968 excavations of the Late Woodland Libben Site in Ottawa County, Ohio, and we were working on that at the time of his death. I first met Olaf at Chuck Sofsky's excavations at the Erskine Site in Mahoning County, Ohio, in the spring of 1978, where a crew of students from Kent State and Akron Universities were participating in the dig. While seeing him once or twice in the interim, I didn't get to know him until taking his Prehistory of Ohio course at Kent State in 1986. Beyond the educational experience, Olaf's lectures were very entertaining while at the same time demonstrating his enormous intellect, expansive erudition, biting but incisive sarcasm and wicked wit. He invited me to accompany him to the VFW in downtown Kent after class on several occasions where we would tip a few glasses (Olaf being quite adept and long-practiced in the art of alcohol consumption) and discuss archaeology and life. While I thought I knew Olaf from our earlier encounters, I was privileged to get to know the man behind the public persona dur­ ing the last decade of his life. Others will memorialize his many and Olaf Prufer's time on earth ended on Sunday, July 27, 2008, notable contributions to archaeology and education, but I want to after a long and valiant struggle with multiple myeloma, a cancer say just a word or two about the man who became my friend. He affecting the blood and bones. Olaf embraced life, and refused to would not approve of this, being of the old school and inclined to give it up easily. As long as he had breath, he was determined to formality in publication. A lifetime of experience beyond most of live life to the fullest. He ignored the pain that became his constant our conceptions created a man who did not suffer fools lightly. He companion, and continued working on the things that interested could be abrasive, and I'm sure that many students, colleagues him, including writing and teaching, right up until the disease put and adversaries remember the sharp bite of his tongue. However, him in the hospital for the last time, three weeks before his death. many more will remember moments of encouragement, compas­ He was born October 3, 1930, in Berlin, Germany. His father sion and benevolence. While he worked to maintain a hard-edged was a career diplomat in the German Foreign Service. In 1939, public image, he had, as Mary Ann Righanti said in his obituary in Olaf accompanied his parents to Brazil, where his father was the the Kent Stater, a heart of gold. He loved his work, and he loved German envoy, and lived there until they returned to Germany in his wife and children, who deeply mourn and miss him. 1942. In that time and place he had no choice but to join the junior In archaeology, he was something of a maverick. Not only did he league of the Hitler Youth, an experience that left him with a lifelong rail against looters and what he called mindless collectors, but he suspicion of endeavors requiring uniforms and blind obedience to also railed against fraud and incompetence among so-called pro­ authority. His father retired and moved the family to Switzerland in fessional archaeologists. He was equally willing, perhaps because the fall of 1943. In addition to his native German, Olaf became flu­ of his own early life experiences, to work, publish and share credit ent in both French and English while living in Switzerland through when due with deserving students and self-taught non-academic association with native speakers of those languages. While he archaeologists. In Ohio, this latter group included Arthur George later amassed a working English vocabulary that put most native Smith, Robert Converse, Alva McGraw, Norman Wright, Robert speakers to shame, his initial tutors in the tongue were primarily Williams, Charles Sofsky and yours truly, among others. Olaf was American GIs, which may account for his well-known penchant for not a saint, and as with any other human being had his faults. He the creative use of obscenities. He remained in Switzerland until was, however, a man of character and integrity, one who believed 1948, when he again accompanied his parents in another interna­ in honesty and truth, both in human behavior, his and others', and tional move, this time to India. He spent five years in India, after in his work. He will remain present in the minds and hearts of his which he returned to Germany for a short period, and then moved family and the many friends and acquaintances with whom he to the United States where he spent the balance of his life. kept in touch. We all grieve and miss him, but Olaf loved and ap­ During much of his youth, for a variety of reasons, Olaf had very preciated life too much for a sense of gloom to be long associated little formal schooling. However, he was a voracious reader, and thus with his memory. As much as I wish that it wasn't true, he is unde­ acquired a wide-ranging self-taught education. He barely attended niably gone - but he left behind a corpus of well over a hundred and never graduated from high school. His archaeological career published works on archaeology and thousands of students to began in India, including survey work, excavation and publication. carry his memory and influence far into the future. His discovery of Early Man sites in the foothills of the Himalayas brought him to the attention of Hallam Movius of Harvard University. - Thomas R. Pigott

37 JOHNNY APPLESEED SHOW WINNERS

The following are award 2. Tom Cray Best Flint: 2. Charlie Fulk winners at the Johnny Ap­ 3. Ken and Pam Rogers 1. Tom Wolfe 3. Paul Hothem pleseed Chapter Show Au­ 2. Charlie Fulk gust 3, 2008. Most Educational: 3. Paul Hothem Best Stone: 1. Rick Schwart 1. Charlie Fulk Best personally found site: 2. Chris Miller-Phil Love Best Site: 2. Rose Grunewald 1. Pam Lauer 3. Rose Grunewald 1. Jerry Ball 3. Tom Cray

FINE OHIO ARTIFACTS AT THE JOHNNY APPLESEED CHAPTER'S SUMMER SHOW INCREASED MEMBER PARTICIPATION DOUBLES THE NUMBER OF EXHIBITS by Michael Rusnak 4642 Friar Rd., Stow, OH 44224 The Johnny Appleseed Chapter of the ASO hosted a well-attended summer show this past August at the Kingswood Center in Mansfield. The show included a variety of prehistoric artifacts from nearby counties and elsewhere in Ohio, as well as a few fine pieces from other states. The Chapter ben­ efited from increased member participation. The number of displays nearly doubled the size of the show from the past two years, spreading out over the two wings and the courtyard of the Kingswood Center. ASO member Tom Wolfe of Bucyrus shared an extensive display of meticulous­ ly cataloged personal finds from Crawford County. His collection included some fine frames of bifurcated and other archaic flints that he has accumulated though many hours of field walking, as can be seen in Figures 1 and 2. Charlie Fulk of Ashland shared 4 full ta­ bles of frames of various Ohio material. His exhibit showcased colorful Ohio Hopewell knives (figure 3), Ashtabula Points (figure Figure 5: John Shotts with Flint Ridge pieces. figure 6: Translucent Florida artifacts. 4), and Flint Ridge cores. He also included an unusual frame of gun flints, hematite Vernon, OH presented some impressive and lucent fossilized coral. He also shared an celts and cones, grooved axes, and a dis­ colorful Flint Ridge artifacts (Figure 5). impressive fossil display found while scuba play of South Dakota Knife River artifacts. Chapter members Dale and Pat Armstrong diving. Doug Hooks, Frank Meyer, Tom Cray, Other fine exhibits included Jeff Zemrock's of Mansfield shared personal finds and a fine and several other chapter and ASO mem­ personal finds from the Perrysville area, in­ acquired display of Ohio triangle points from bers included displays as well. cluding three unique glass scrapers from the Richland County. Jerry Ball shared a ban­ The Johnny Appleseed Chapter's ex­ contact period that were found in his garden. ner slate stone exhibit, and Rick Schwart of panded show was well attended, and at­ Paul Hotham had an Ohio display with sev­ Florida shared three backlit frames of Florida tracted a good number of the public visi­ eral Knox county items, John Shotts of Mt. points (Figure 6) that were made from trans­ tors to the Center. *mil»• »* 44****4 *#

Figure 1 & 2: Tom Wolfe's Crawford County• collection: U4 meticulously cataloged.« FigureAl 3: ColorfulM Hopewell Figure 4: Impressive Ashtabula knives. points from Charle Fulk's collection. 38 OBITUARY JOE JESENSKY AUTHOR & CHARTER MEMBER OF CUYAHOGA VALLEY CHAPTER

Joe Jesensky of Akron, a charter member of the Cuyahoga Valley Chapter, passed away this past June at age 101. Aside from being extraor­ dinarily knowledgeable about the Cuyahoga Val­ ley and its prehistoric inhabitants, Joe was both a prolific and an inspirational contributor to the Chapter, its programs and its publications. Joe was born in Apatin, Hungary on the Dan­ ube River in 1906 and immigrated with his family to Cleveland at age 8. He attended the Cleveland School of Art, and became an accomplished art­ ist and landscape architect. He worked for sev­ eral Ohio park systems, including the Cleveland Metropolitan Park District in his student days, Hocking Hills State Park and Mohican State Park in the 1930's where he designed some of its pop­ ular hiking trails. In addition, he was a supervisor with the Akron Metropolitan Park District in the 1940's. Joe also worked as a graphic artist for Goodyear Aerospace in Akron and retired from the company in 1971. The Ohio Parks and Rec­ Two of Joe's sketches of Tinker's Creek area drawn in 1925 and 1933. reation Association named him "Citizen of the Year" in 1989. Among his archeological related publications were his Tinker's Creek Valley Sketch Book, The Archaeological Survey of the Cuyahoga Valley, and Joe's Place, Conversations on the Cuyahoga Valley. In addition, he wrote a welter of articles for the Chapter newsletter over several decades and was actively engaged in projects until his last years as his health permitted. Joe frequently was a catalyst for the Chapter and a mentor to many. He believed that all chap­ ter members had something to contribute, and he encouraged them to pursue and share their own archeological ideas, studies and writing no matter what the topic. In addition, he had the remarkable ability to make connections between archaeology and his experience from other disciplines. He frequently led Chapter field trips to archaeological sites where he shared his insightful interpretations and appreciation for Ohio's prehistoric cultures. On one tour for example, he drew on his experience as a landscape architect and explained the inge­ nuity of the people who built earthworks along the valley bluffs in this way: "The genius of these cultures is that they were first able to recognize the uniqueness of certain natural features of the landscape, then they could visualize how to take advantage of those features, and finally convert them with earthen structures to suit their purpose - whether it was for defense or as a gathering place or for something else." Joe was genuinely admired and loved by his many, many friends in the Cuyahoga Valley Chap­ ter and will be greatly missed. He is survived by his son, Larry Jesensky of Akron.

- Michael Rusnak

Joe Jesensky, Cuyahoga Valley charter member. 39 A PARALLEL FLAKE LANCEOLATE by Bruce Filbrandt 11357 Woody Walker Hwy. McNabb, Illinois

This fine Ohio Parallel Flaked Lanceolate There was no provenience listed but ume 58, Number 2. Until I saw that cover I (Fig 1) has an interesting history. I acquired it is clear that this picture shows a great had no positive idea of its origin, it in 2001 from the Nichols collection in II- deal of typical Ohio material - Ashtabulas, It is made of typical Coshocton flint and linois. Prior to that it had been in the col- Hopewells, and Adenas. Thus it can be the parallel percussion flaking is exactly lection of the Reverend Thorley Johnson of safely assumed that my point is also from like that shown on the OA?/o Archaeologist Beloit, Wisconsin (Fig. 2) and is shown in an Ohio and compares exactly with those on cover. It is 434 inches long and slightly over early picture of part of his collection (Fig 3). the cover of the Ohio Archaeologist Vol- one inch wide.

Figure 3 (Filbrandt) Vintage picture showing the Lanceolate along with what are typical Ohio artifacts.

40 THE LAKE RUPERT MOUND A POSSIBLE TERMINAL MIDDLE WOODLAND SITE by Richard Walker P.O. Box 25 Jackson, Ohio 45640

On March 15,2008,1 visited the mound lo­ only time I have seen this area plowed. That ena point I had seen or read about. Then in cated in the north central portion of Section spring I and some friends looked over the 1989 I acquired a copy of Stone Age Spear 18, Clinton Township, Vinton County, Ohio, field and discovered the mound but found no and Arrow Points by Noel D. Justice who de­ and took the photo shown In Figure 2.1 have artifacts. Later in the early fall in high corn I scribed a type very similar to this projectile as driven past the site many times but this was found the point shown in Figure 1. The point being a Steuben Expanded Stemmed of the the first time I had visited the site in more than was found three corn rows over, approxi­ terminal Middle Woodland period as similar twenty years. In the early 1980s this field was mately ten feet from the northern edge of projectiles were recovered from the Steuben plowed and planted in corn. This was the the mound. The point was not like any Ad­ mounds In Illinois.

Figure 1 (Walker) Projectile made of Zaleski Flint local to the area. Figure 2 (Walker, March 15, 2006) Mound as it appears today.

m^ PARCEL PLAT OF LAKE RUPERT AREA HAMDEN QUADRANGLE CLINTON TOWNSHIP VINTON COUNTY STATE OF OHIO

Figure 3 (Walker) Partial plat Hamden Quadrangle map of Lake Rupert area of Clinton Township, Vinton County, Ohio. Mound is located In the North Central portion of Section 18. 41 LETTERS OBITUARY Dear Bob, JESS WEBER Just a note to thank you for placing my artifacts on 1932-2008 the cover of the Ohio Archaeologist. I still have my first set of magazines from the early 1960s and it is quite an It was with great sadness that I learned of the passing of longtime honor for me. ASO member Jess Weber on January 18, 2008. As a child Jess looked John Vargo and I really have enjoyed the past several for artifacts following his father while plowing and a lifelong passion be­ years of all the activities the Society has provided in­ gan. He was a devoted husband, father and grandfather and was mar­ cluding the magazine, seminars, and shows - you have ried to his wife Laura for fifty-six years. He served with honorable service made the Society what it is and all of your hard work is during the Korean War from 1954 to 1956. After military service he was greatly appreciated employed by Columbia Gas and retired in 1987. He was also a part-time cattle farmer in Liberty Twp., Guernsey County. After his retirement Jess Your Friend, spent more time doing what he really loved - collecting artifacts. I first met Jess at an auction where we were competitive bidders. After the auction we began talking and discovered a mutual interest in collecting. Jess was a true student of prehistory and was always willing to share his knowledge - and he would ask questions when he didn't Septembers, 2008 know. He was the kind of member the ASO can be proud to have had and he will be sorely missed by all of us who knew him. Hi Bob - Steven Carpenter I just wanted to let you know how much I enjoyed the ASO Webmaster Spring Volume of the Ohio Archaeologist. It is awesome. I appreciate all your hard work in getting the best you can for interesting reading in the magazine. I really love those Parallel Flaked Lanceolate points on A HENRY COUNTY FLUTED POINT the cover. I found one that was a classic just like the ones pictured in three pieces. I glued them all together by and still love looking at it and imagine who what when Robert Mohr and why it got to that small rise along the Raccoon Creek Holgate, Ohio outside of Johnstown. Thanks again and I look forward to the next Arch. So­ This fluted point is one of ciety meeting. the few recorded examples from Henry County, Ohio. It is 2% inches long and is well Dick Lemaster fluted on each face. Basal Newark, Ohio grinding is present for about one-third its length. The material is high qual­ ity with shades of gray and orange but its source is un­ known by anyone who has seen it.

Fig. 1 (Mohr) Fluted point from Henry County, Ohio

A SCIOTO COUNTY BIRDSTONE by Dale Roberts Mt. Sterling, Iowa 52573

A never-before published birdstone is shown in Figure 1. It is made of gray banded slate and is just under 4 inches long and Vi inch thick. Surprisingly, the bridges over the conjoining suspension holes are unbroken despite its obvi­ ously having been rolled around in a field by farm machinery. Figure 1 (Roberts) Three views of a Scioto County birdstone 42 Continued from page 33 which has been actively farmed for about ment (Figures 1 and 2). Cannon balls and Center for this paper. I am also grateful to 200 years, the vast majority of metal items tomahawk heads found near the monument Tony DeRegnaucount for permission to in­ recovered were farm-related, i.e. pieces of during its construction in 1924 support this clude information from the Archaeological wire, chain, horseshoes, nails, bolts, tool view (West, 1975). If the stockade were lo­ Reconnaissance Survey report prepared fragments, other 19th and 20th century cated here, it would overlook the northeast by Historic Archaeological Research, Inc. items, and modern debris. portion of the lower field where many of the (1994). I also thank Virginia Weygandt, Cu­ The 234 metallic items interpreted to be Indian huts and cabins of Peckuwe village rator of Collections at the Clark County from the time frame of the 1780 battle in­ seem to have been located, as well as giv­ Historical Society, for permission to study cluded about 50 musket and rifle balls, but­ ing a commanding view of Mad River valley material in the Archives. tons, buckles, knife fragments, nails, and a to the west. variety of other items. Of the 50 projectiles In conclusion, the backhoe trenching REFERENCES CITED recovered, the majority were found in the and GPR surveys failed to turn up evidence lower field area and were large caliber mus­ or locations of burial remains, gravesites, Barmann, Floyd A. ket and rifle balls ranging from .56 to .70 or intact features in the survey areas. The 1980 A Guide to the Clothing and Accouter- caliber (DeRegnaucourt et al, 1994). Some metal detecting survey proved to be most ments of Frontier Militia in the American of these balls were in very good (spherical) useful and not only produced a consid­ Revolution, Reenactment Manual, Project '80 Committee, Springfield, Ohio. condition, probably dropped or lost during erable number of artifacts, but provided the battle; others were deformed (spent). evidence of locations and aspects of the Cottrel, Pam A high concentration of large caliber balls battle. Post molds or other intact features 2005 The Battle of Peckuwe, Muzzle Blasts, in the lower field may relate to Clark's men may still lie below the plow zone at greater July issue: 70-72. firing volleys at the line of Indians who depth or in areas of the battle site which emerged from the stockade during the lat­ were not surveyed (DeRegnaucourt et al, DeRegnaucourt, Tony, Richard Green, and Larry ter stages of the battle. Among the other 1994). For a much more complete discus­ Hamilton metal artifacts recovered were 8 buttons sion of this archaeological reconnaissance 1994 A Phase I and II Intensive Archaeological and 11 small buckles. Some of the buckles survey and details of the artifacts recov­ Reconnaissance of the proposed Shaw­ may have been from harnesses and one, ered, the reader is directed to the survey nee Springs Housing Development area made of pewter, may represent a Revolu­ and proposed addition to George Rog­ report by DeRegnaucourt et al (1994). ers Clark Park near Springfield in Clark tionary War cartridge box buckle (DeReg­ County, Ohio. Report prepared by Historic naucourt et al, 1994). Conclusion Archaeological Research, Inc., Arcanum, Probably the most interesting area sur­ Ohio. veyed with metal detectors was the lower The battle of Peckuwe on August 8,1780 field area. In addition to the musket balls was the largest Revolutionary War engage­ Joyce, Jon L. previously mentioned, other interesting ment fought in Ohio. Although almost un­ 1980 Profiles Of Our Heritage - In Commemo­ metallic items recovered here included known, as compared to the many famous ration of the Battle of Picawey. Published 11 cut brass pieces and 3 silver orna­ by The American Revolution Bicentennial Revolutionary War battles in the east, it was Committee of Springfield and Clark Coun­ ments (DeRegnaucourt et al, 1994). Two nevertheless an important event on the ty, Ohio. of the brass pieces, no doubt made from western frontier. George Rogers Clark and fragments of worn out brass kettles, were his men defeated the Shawnee and other Juday, Richard R. fashioned into triangular shapes and prob­ Indians who were allies of the British at this 1976 Trie Battle of Piqua, Revolutionary En­ ably represent tinklers. Silver items includ­ time and destroyed the villages of Peckuwe counter in Ohio. Grove-Merritt Publica­ ed a cylindrical bead, a small silver trade and Chillicothe. They also destroyed 100's tions, Dayton, Ohio. brooch, and a silver tinkler cone (DeReg­ of acres of corn and vegetables which naucourt et al, 1994). In the same area, a provided food and rations for the Indians Kummerow, Burton K. broken tomahawk blade, knife fragments, and British in these camps. Destruction of 2001 A Clash of Cultures - The Battle of Piqua. parts of a flintlock musket, and 14 musket In Heartland, Clark County Historical So­ these villages which had served as "stag­ ciety, Heritage Center of Clark County, balls were recovered, which together with ing grounds" for Indian and British raids on Springfield, Ohio. the brass and silver items is indicative of American settlements in Kentucky tempo­ the site of the Shawnee village, Peckuwe rarily stopped this activity and forced the In­ Loew, Ryan (DeRegnaucourt et al, 1994). dians to relocate to new village sites. Over­ 2005a The 18th Century, up close, Springfield In the northeast portion of the lower field, all, this was one of George Rogers Clark's New-Sun, July 10: 1 A, 5A. numerous hand wrought nails and some numerous actions during the Revolutionary 2005b Crossing Back Into History, Re-enactors iron spikes were recovered which probably War which helped prevent the British from retrace Clark's steps, Springfield News- indicate the former location of Shawnee establishing and maintaining control of this Sun, July 15: 1A, 4A. portion of the Northwest Territory and laid 2005c And the Muskets Red Glare..., Springfield huts and cabins in Peckuwe village; how­ News-Sun, July 18: 1A, 11 A. ever, several backhoe trenches in this area the groundwork for American possession did not yield any intact features (DeReg­ of this region. Skardon, Mary A. naucourt et al, 1994). One of the intriguing 1980 The Attack on Fort Liberty and The Battle questions yet to be answered is - where Acknowledgements of Piqua. Publication of the Clark County was the triangular stockade actually locat­ Historical Society, Springfield, Ohio. ed? No post molds or traces of the palisade The author thanks members of the walls or remnants of the stockade have yet George Rogers Clark Heritage Associa­ Stafford, Tom 2005 Clark's first battle was to raise an army to been found. Barmann's 1980 map (Figure 1), tion, especially Rusty Cottrel, Bill Smith, based on knowledge at that time, positions fight with and It was Bird vs. Clark for the Jim Campbell, Kris Shultz, Tad Speary, Land, Springfield News-Sun, July 11:2B. the stockade some distance west of Tecum­ and Dan Martin for information they pro­ seh Road. According to DeRegnaucourt et vided regarding the battle of Peckuwe and West, J. Martin al (1994), the current opinion of historians the 2005 re-enactment. In addition, I am 1975 Clark's Shawnee Campaign of 1780. Pub­ (J. Martin West, Floyd Barmann and others) indebted to Jim Campbell and the Clark lication of the Clark County Historical So­ is that the stockade was very likely located County Park District for permission to pho­ ciety, Springfield, Ohio. on the ridge east of Tecumseh Road in the tograph and use materials and information vicinity of the George Rogers Clark Monu­ on display at the Davidson Interpretive

43 Two Fine Winged Bannerstones from the collection of Chris Shoe, Fletcher, Ohio. These two banners represent two of the rarest seen in Ohio.