INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 5 Number 1 2010 Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Indiana Department of Natural Resources Robert E. Carter, Jr., Director and State Historic Preservation Officer Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) James A. Glass, Ph.D., Director and Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer DHPA Archaeology Staff James R. Jones III, Ph.D., State Archaeologist Amy L. Johnson Cathy L. Draeger-Williams Cathy A. Carson Wade T. Tharp Editors James R. Jones III, Ph.D., State Archaeologist Amy L. Johnson, Senior Archaeologist and Archaeology Outreach Coordinator Cathy A. Carson, Records Check Coordinator Cathy L. Draeger-Williams, Archaeologist Publication Layout: Amy L. Johnson Additional acknowledgments: The editors wish to thank the authors of the submitted articles, as well as all of those who participated in, and contributed to, the archaeological projects which are highlighted. The U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service is gratefully acknow- ledged for their support of Indiana archaeological research as well as this volume. Cover design: The images which are featured on the cover are from several of the individual articles included in this journal. This publication has been funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service’s Historic Preservation Fund administered by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. In addition, the projects discussed in these articles received federal financial assistance from the Historic Pres- ervation Fund Program for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the State of Indiana. However, the contents and opinions contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. 2 Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability in its federally assisted programs. If you believe that you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240. Mission Statement: The Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology promotes the conservation of Indiana’s cultural resources through public education efforts, financial incentives including several grant and tax credit programs, and the administration of state and federally mandated legislation. For further information contact: Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology 402 W. Washington Street, Room W274 Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2739 Phone: 317/232-1646 Email: [email protected] www.IN.gov/dnr/historic 2010 3 Indiana Archaeology Volume 5 Number 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Notes: The projects discussed in these articles received federal financial assistance from the Historic Preservation Fund Program for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the State of Indiana. Authors of articles were responsible for ensuring that proper permission for the use of any images in their articles was obtained. Introduction 5 About the Editors and Authors 6 Investigating a Structure at the Strawtown Enclosure (12H883) 9 Colin D. Graham and Dorothea McCullough Investigations at the Yankeetown Site (12W1) 28 Michele Greenan and Rexford Garniewicz Investigations at 12-Al-505, a Western Basin Tradition Site 49 along the Maumee River in Allen County, Indiana Scott Hipskind Archaeological Investigations at the Hobbs’ Knob (12M266) and 70 Taylor Ten (12H987) Sites, Madison and Hamilton County, Indiana Beth K. McCord The Collier Lodge Archaeological Site: Why it Belongs on the 93 National Register of Historic Places Mark R. Schurr and Deborah L. Rotman Archaeological Investigations in the Upper Wabash River Valley: 113 A 2009 Survey in Huntington, Miami, and Wabash Counties, Indiana Andrew Smith, Rachel Klabacka, and Beth McCord Glossary of Archaeological Terms 142 Prehistoric Indians of Indiana 147 4 INTRODUCTION Per state statute (Indiana Code 14-21-1-12), one of the duties of the Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) is to develop a program of archaeological research and development, including the publication of information regarding archaeological resources in the state. This journal is one of the ways the DHPA addresses that mandate. In addition, Indiana’s Cultural Resources Management Plan 2005 to 2011 (DHPA 2005:32) also lists educating the public about Indiana’s prehistoric and historic Native American cultures and identifying, and studying Native American, African-American, and other ethnic and cultural heritage resources, as ways to accomplish several preservation goals. Indiana’s archaeological resources range from precontact sites dating as early as 10,000 B.C. to historic sites related to a large variety of cultural groups until relatively recent times. Precontact sites such as earthworks, hunting and gathering camps, food processing areas, tool workshops, and villages are found. Historic sites include forts, cabins, homesteads and farmsteads, trails and transportation sites, towns, and industrial, urban, and business sites. We are pleased to offer this volume containing articles on a broad range of archaeological and anthropological topics. This document contains articles related to projects and research funded in part by Historic Preservation Fund (HPF) grant monies (see http://www.in.gov/dnr/ historic/3671.htm). Archaeology is happening regularly in Indiana, and all of these articles provide the reader with various insights into many important sites, theories, and projects. We are fortunate that a considerable amount of interesting archaeological projects are currently being conducted in Indiana, and a large number of articles were submitted to the journal. Thus, two numbers are planned for Volume 5 of Indiana Archaeology. This is the first number of Volume 5, and the second is planned for availability by the end of the year. For those who may not be familiar with some archaeological terms, a helpful glossary of some of these general terms is included in the back of this journal. To also aid the non- archaeologist reader, a general overview of prehistoric time periods may be found at the end of this volume. Additional archaeological outreach documents, including Early Peoples of Indiana, may be accessed at www.IN.gov/dnr/historic. For those readers who may not be familiar with the authors and editors of the volume, biographical information is provided. Feel free to access our Indiana archaeological travel itinerary (http://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/files/ travelsarchaeo.pdf) if you would wish to visit an archaeological site. The DHPA also urges you to participate in the annual Indiana Archaeology Month each September. This September (2010) is the 15th anniversary of a statewide celebration of the science of archaeology in our state. If you have an interest in providing a voluntary financial donation to contribute to archaeology in our state, consider the Archeology Preservation Trust Fund (http://www.in.gov/ dnr/historic/5897.htm). - - JRJ, ALJ 5 ABOUT THE EDITORS AND AUTHORS Editors Carson, Catharine A. - Ms. Carson, Records Check Coordinator, has been with the DHPA since 2007. She holds a B. A. in anthropology, with a concentration in archaeology and a minor in geology, from Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne. She has also completed graduate level courses in archaeology, anthropology, and geology at Ball State University. Ms. Carson has over 15 years of archaeological experience in Indiana. Her research interests include Midwestern U.S. prehistory, lithics, chert studies, geoarchaeology, and public awareness of Indiana archaeology. She is one of the editors of this volume. Draeger-Williams, Cathy - Archaeologist Cathy Draeger-Williams has been with the DHPA since 2003. She holds an A.A. from Vincennes University, a B.A. in History and Anthropology from Ball State University, and a M.A. in Anthropology from Ball State University. She is also one of the editors of this volume. Johnson, Amy L. - Ms. Johnson, Senior Archaeologist and Archaeology Outreach Coordinator, has worked for the DHPA since 1991. She holds a B.S. and a M.A., both Anthropology, from Ball State University. Her main research interests are prehistoric archaeology (specifically the Adena and Hopewell periods), historic cemeteries, and public outreach regarding archaeological resources. Ms. Johnson is one of the editors of this volume and was responsible for the layout of the document. Jones, James R. III, Ph.D. - Dr. Jones has been with the DHPA since 1987 and has served as Indiana State Archaeologist since 1991. Dr. Jones received his B.A. in Anthropology and English from the University of New Mexico, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in Anthropology from Indiana University. He has substantial experience in prehistoric and historical archaeology, and his research interests include historical cultures in Indiana. He is one of the editors of this volume. 6 Authors Garniewicz, Rexford, Ph.D. - Dr. Garniewicz received his B.A. in archaeology from Wesleyan University and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Indiana University. His research