Three Domain

And

Six Kingdom

Taxonomy Kingdom Bacteria – Typical Bacteria

Ecoli (Gut) Bacteria

Prokaryotic Kingdom Archaea Prokaryotic

Solfolobus is an extremeophile that is found in hot springs and thrives in acid and sulfur rich environments.

Prokaryotic Kingdom Protista

Nucleus

Eukaryotic

Amoeba proteus Paramecium caudatum

Trichonympha Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Phylum Chordata (Characteristics of Chordates)

 Notochord

 Precursor to your backbone (vertebral column)

 Dorsal nerve chord

 Anterior end becomes enlarged to form brain

 Pharyngeal gill slits

 Evolved as filter feeding apparatus

 Postanal tail

 Locomotion

Kingdom Animalia

Vertebrates Invertebrates

• Phylum Chordata • Phylum Porifera – Sponges – Subphylum Vertebrata • Phylum Cnidaria – Jellyfish • Fish • Phylum Annelida –Earthworms – Class Agnatha (Jawless fishes) • Phylum Mollusca – Clams, squid, snails – Class Chondrichthes (Sharks) • Phylum Arthropoda – Lobsters, insects – Class Osteichthyes (Tuna) • Phylum Echinodermata – Sea stars • Class Amphibia (Frogs) • Class Reptilia (Snakes, Lizards) • Class Aves (Birds) • Class Mammalia (Humans, Dogs) What is a Biological Species?

K (Keep) P (Police) C (Cars) O (Off) F (Fullerton’s) G (Good) S (Streets) Biological Species Concept

• Species – Capable of interbreeding – Produce fertile offspring • Problems with this definition – Excludes asexually reproducing forms – What about fossils? The Species Name

• A binomial – Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

– Phoca fasciata – Ribbon Seal – Phoca vitulina – Harbor Seal Different Species of Pine Trees

• Pinyon pine: Pinus monophylla

• Pinyon pine: Pinus quadrifolia

• Jeffrey Pine: Pinus jeffreyi Taxonomy

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia - Reptiles Class Aves – Birds Class Mammalia – Mammals Simple versus Compound Leaves

Blade

Petiole

Petiole

Compound Leaves

Leaf Margins: The Edge of the Leaf

Lobed Palmate Veins Leaf Venation

Pinnate Veins Leaf Arrangement

______Serrate margin

______Pinnate venation

Alternate Opposite Simple Leaves

Practice

• Simple of compound leaves?

• Alternate of opposite leaves? Axillary bud Practice

• Simple or compound leaves?

• Opposite or alternate leaves?

• Palmate or pinnate venation?

• Entire of dentate margin? Axillary bud Practice

• Simple or compound leaf?

• Pinnate of palmate venation?

• Entire of lobbed margin? 1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 1. Key out this Tree Note the axillary bud

Flattened Petiole 1. Key out this tree1. Key out this2. tree Key out this Tree Leaflet 16mm wide at widest point

• Does this tree have compound or simple leaves? • Does this tree have Note axillary bud opposite or alternate leaves?

• The answers to these two questions are on the next page. This is one leaf • This tree has compound leaves

Petiole • The leaflets are opposite but the leaves are alternate!

Alternate Note axillary bud leaves

This is a leaflet 1. Key out this tree1. Key out this3. tree Key out this Tree

Note the axillary bud Hairs in axils of leaf veins

1. Key out this Dentate Margins tree1.4. Key Keyout out this this Tree tree

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this5. tree Key out this Tree

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 6. Key out this Shrub 1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 7. Key out this Tree Answers

1. Populus fremontii – Fremont Cottonwood 2. Juglans californica – California Black Walnut 3. Plantanus racemosa – Western Sycamore 4. Quercus agrifolia – Coast Live Oak 5. Pinus – Pine 6. Heteromeles arbutifolia – Toyon 7. Prunus ilicifolia – Catalina Cherry 1. Populus fremontii: Fremont Cottonwood

• Tree • Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide • Leaves simple • Leaves pinnately veined • Petioles strongly flattened

Flattened Petiole 2. Juglans californica – California Black Walnut

• Tree • Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide • Leaves compound • Leaves alternate • Leaflets > 8mm at widest point

One Leaf Axillary Bud Alternate Leaves 3. Plantanus racemosa: Western Sycamore

• Tree • Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide • Leaves simple • Leaves palmatey veined 4. Quercus agrifolia – Coast Live Oak

• Tree • Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide • Leaves simple • Leaves pinnately veined • Leaf margin not entire • Leaf margin dentate • Hairs in axils of leaf veins of older leaves 5. Pinus sp.: Pine

• Tree • Leaves small, needle-like or scalelike • Leaves needle-like or narrow and flattened 6. Heteromeles arbutifolia: Toyon

• Shrub • Leaves simple • Leaves alternate • Leaves not in fascicle (bundles). Leaves not revolute (rolled under) • Leaf margins not entire • Leaf not lobed