DOCSLIB.ORG

The Classification of Living Organisms Kingdom: Eubacteria Phylum Acidobacteria (Eg

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Classification of Living Organisms Kingdom: Eubacteria Phylum Acidobacteria (Eg The Classification of Living Organisms Kingdom: Eubacteria Phylum Acidobacteria (eg. Acidobacterium, Geothrix) Phylum Actinobacteria (eg. Streptomyces, Mycobacterium) Phylum Aquificales Phylum Bacteroidetes (eg. Bacteroides) Phylum Chlamydiae (eg. Chlamydia) Phylum Chlorobi Phylum Chloroflexi Phylum Chrysiogenetes Phylum Cyanobacteria (eg. Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria) Phylum Deferribacteres Phylum Deinococcus-Thermus Phylum Dictyoglomi Phylum Fibrobacteres Phylum Firmicutes (eg. Bacillus, Listeria, Thermobacillus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus) Phylum Fusobacteria Phylum Gemmatimonadetes Phylum Lentisphaerae Phylum Nitrospirae (eg. Leptospirillum) Phylum Planctomycetes Phylum Proteobacteria (eg. Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Rickettsia, Neisseria, Spirillum, Helicobacter, Escherichia, Shigella, Vibrio) Phylum Spirochaetae (eg. Leptospira, Borrelia, Spirochaeta, Treponema) Phylum Tenericutes (eg. Mycoplasma) Phylum Thermodesulfobacteria Phylum Thermomicrobia Phylum Thermotogae Phylum Verrucomicrobia Kingdom: Archaea Phylum Crenarchaeota (eg. Acidilobus, Thermosphaera, Pyrolobus, Sulfolobus) Phylum Euryarchaeota (eg. Halobacterium, Methanobacterium, Methanococcus) Kingdom Protista (Algae, Protozoa, Slime Molds - not most current taxonomy) Phylum Pyrrhophyta (fire algae, dinoflagellates) Phylum Chrysophyta (diatoms) Phylum Euglenophyta (euglenoids) Phylum Chlorophyta (green algae) Algae Phylum Rhodophyta (red algae) Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae) Phylum Sarcodina (amoebas) Phylum Mastigophora (flagellates) Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) Protozoa Phylum Apicomplexa Phylum Microspora Phylum Myxomycota (plasmodial slime molds) Phylum Acrasiomycota (cellular slime molds) Slime Molds Phylum Oomycota (water molds) Kingdom Fungi (yeasts and molds) Phylum Chytridiomycota Phylum Zygomycota (zygomycetes) Phylum Ascomycota (ascomycetes, sac fungi) Phylum Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes, club fungi) Phylum Deuteromycota (deuteromycetes, fungi imperfecti) Kingdom Plantae (Plants) Phylum: Bryophyta (mosses) Phylum: Hepaticophyta (liverworts) “mosses” Phylum: Anthocerotophyta (hornworts) Phylum: Pterophyta (ferns) Phylum: Psilotophyta (whisk ferns) Phylum: Sphenophyta (horsetails) “ferns” Phylum: Lycophyta (club mosses) Phylum: Coniferophyta (gymnosperms) Phylum: Cycadophyta (cycads) Phylum: Ginkgophyta (ginkgoes) “conifers” Phylum: Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) Phylum: Anthophyta (angiosperms; flowering plants) Class: Dicotyledons (dicots) “flowering plants Class: Monocotyledons (monocots) Kingdom Metazoa (Animals) Phylum: Placozoa Phylum: Porifera [Sponges] Phylum: Mesozoa Phylum: Cnidaria [Jellyfish & Corals] Phylum: Ctenophora [Comb Jellys] Phylum: Platyhelminthes [Flatworms] Phylum: Nemertea [Ribbonworms] Phylum: Gnathostomulida Phylum: Nematoda [Roundworms] Phylum: Rotifera Phylum: Gastrotricha Phylum: Kinorhyncha Phylum: Loricifera Phylum: Priapulida Phylum: Nematomorpha [Horsehair Worms] Phylum: Acanthocephala [Spiny-Headed Worms] Phylum: Entoprocta Phylum: Mollusca [Molluscs] Phylum: Annelida [Segmented Worms] Phylum: Arthropoda [Arthropods] Subphylum: Myriopoda Class: Chilopoda (centipedes) Class: Diplopoda (millipedes) Class: Pauropoda Class: Symphyla Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Merostomata (horshoe crabs) Class: Pycnogonida (sea spiders) Class: Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks) Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Branchiopoda (tadpole shrimp, water fleas, brine shrimp, fairy shrimp) Class: Maxillipoda (seed shrimp, copepods, fish lice, barnacles) Class: Malacostraca (shrimp, crabs, lobsters, crayfish, pill bugs, amphipods,) Class: Remipedia Class: Cephalocarida Class: Pentastomida (tongue worms) Subphylum: Hexapoda Class: Protura (coneheads) Class: Diplura (two pronged bristletails) Class: Collembola (springtails, snowfleas) Class: Insecta Order: Thysanura (silverfish, bristletails) Order: Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Order: Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies) Order: Orthoptera (locusts, grasshoppers, walking sticks, praying mantis) Order: Dermaptera (earwigs) Order: Plecoptera (stoneflies) Order: Isoptera (termites) Order: Embioptera (webspinners) Order: Psocoptera (book lice, bark lice) Order: Zoraptera Order: Mallophata (biting lice Order: Anoplura (sucking lice) Order: Thysanoptera (thrips) Order: Hemiptera (true bugs; squash bugs, chinch bugs, stink bugs) Order: Homoptera (cicadas, aphids, scale insects, leafhoppers) Order: Neuroptera (dobsonflies, at lios, lacewings) Order: Coleoptera (beetles, fireflies, weevils) Order: Strepsiptera Order: Mecoptera (scorpionflies) Order: Lepidoptera (butterflies, skippers, moths) Order: Diptera (true flies; fruit flies, house flies, mosquitoes, crane flies) Order: Trichoptera (caddisflies) Order: Siphonaptera (fleas) Order: Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, hornets) Phylum: Sipuncula [Peanut Worms] Phylum: Echiura [Spoonworms] Phylum: Pogonophora [Beard Worms] Phylum: Onycophora [Velvet Worms] Phylum: Tardigrada [Water Bears] Phylum: Phoronida Phylum: Brachiopoda [Lampshells] Phylum: Ectoprocta [Bryozoa, moss animals] Phylum: Echinodermata [Echinoderms; starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars] Phylum: Chaetognatha [Arrowworms] Phylum: Hemichordata [Acornworms] Phylum: Chordata [Chordates] Subphylum: Urochordata Subphylum: Cephalochordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Agnatha Class: Chondrichthyes Class: Osteichthyes Class: Amphibia Class: Reptilia Class: Aves Class: Mammalia Order: Marsupialia (opossums) Order: Insectivora (shrews and moles) Order: Chiroptera (bats) Order: Edentata (armadillos) Order: Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares Order: Rodentia (rats, mice, squirrels, gophers, beavers) Order: Cetacea (whales and dolphins) Order: Carnivora (dogs, bears, raccoons, skunks, cats) Order: Pinnipedia (sea lions, walruses) Order: Sirenia (manatees, sea cows) vertebrates Order: Artiodactyla (deer, bison, cows, pigs, goats) Order: Perissodactyla (horses, donkeys) Order: Primates (lemurs, monkeys, gorillas, baboons, humans) Suborder: Prosimii (lemurs, bush babies, tarsiers, lorises) Suborder: Anthropoidea Superfamily: Ceboidea (new world monkeys) Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea (old world monkeys) Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hylobatidae (gibbons) Family: Pongidae (apes, chimpanzees, gorillas) Family: Hominidae Genus: Australopithecus Genus: Homo Species: Homo habilis Species: Homo erectus Species: Homo sapiens (humans) Species: Homo neanderthalis Species: Homo sapiens (modern humans).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Photosynthetic Eukaryotes Inhabited Low-Salinity Habitats
    Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited PNAS PLUS low-salinity habitats Patricia Sánchez-Baracaldoa,1, John A. Ravenb,c, Davide Pisanid,e, and Andrew H. Knollf aSchool of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, United Kingdom; bDivision of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom; cPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; dSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; eSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; and fDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by Peter R. Crane, Oak Spring Garden Foundation, Upperville, Virginia, and approved July 7, 2017 (received for review December 7, 2016) The early evolutionary history of the chloroplast lineage remains estimates for the origin of plastids ranging over 800 My (7). At the an open question. It is widely accepted that the endosymbiosis that same time, the ecological setting in which this endosymbiotic event established the chloroplast lineage in eukaryotes can be traced occurred has not been fully explored (8), partly because of phy- back to a single event, in which a cyanobacterium was incorpo- logenetic uncertainties and preservational biases of the fossil re- rated into a protistan host. It is still unclear, however, which cord. Phylogenomics and trait evolution analysis have pointed to a Cyanobacteria are most closely related to the chloroplast, when the freshwater origin for Cyanobacteria (9–11), providing an approach plastid lineage first evolved, and in what habitats this endosym- to address the early diversification of terrestrial biota for which the biotic event occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and "Aschelminthes" - A
    BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol. III - Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and "Aschelminthes" - A. Schmidt-Rhaesa PLATYHELMINTHES, NEMERTEA, AND “ASCHELMINTHES” A. Schmidt-Rhaesa University of Bielefeld, Germany Keywords: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Gnathifera, Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, Rotifera, Acanthocephala, Cycliophora, Nemathelminthes, Gastrotricha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera Contents 1. Introduction 2. General Morphology 3. Platyhelminthes, the Flatworms 4. Nemertea (Nemertini), the Ribbon Worms 5. “Aschelminthes” 5.1. Gnathifera 5.1.1. Gnathostomulida 5.1.2. Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia maerski) 5.1.3. Rotifera 5.1.4. Acanthocephala 5.1.5. Cycliophora (Symbion pandora) 5.2. Nemathelminthes 5.2.1. Gastrotricha 5.2.2. Nematoda, the Roundworms 5.2.3. Nematomorpha, the Horsehair Worms 5.2.4. Priapulida 5.2.5. Kinorhyncha 5.2.6. Loricifera Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary UNESCO – EOLSS This chapter provides information on several basal bilaterian groups: flatworms, nemerteans, Gnathifera,SAMPLE and Nemathelminthes. CHAPTERS These include species-rich taxa such as Nematoda and Platyhelminthes, and as taxa with few or even only one species, such as Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia maerski) and Cycliophora (Symbion pandora). All Acanthocephala and subgroups of Platyhelminthes and Nematoda, are parasites that often exhibit complex life cycles. Most of the taxa described are marine, but some have also invaded freshwater or the terrestrial environment. “Aschelminthes” are not a natural group, instead, two taxa have been recognized that were earlier summarized under this name. Gnathifera include taxa with a conspicuous jaw apparatus such as Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and Rotifera. Although they do not possess a jaw apparatus, Acanthocephala also belong to Gnathifera due to their epidermal structure. ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS AND SYSTEMATICS – Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand's Genetic Diversity
    1.13 NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY Dennis P. Gordon National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6022, New Zealand ABSTRACT: The known genetic diversity represented by the New Zealand biota is reviewed and summarised, largely based on a recently published New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. All kingdoms and eukaryote phyla are covered, updated to refl ect the latest phylogenetic view of Eukaryota. The total known biota comprises a nominal 57 406 species (c. 48 640 described). Subtraction of the 4889 naturalised-alien species gives a biota of 52 517 native species. A minimum (the status of a number of the unnamed species is uncertain) of 27 380 (52%) of these species are endemic (cf. 26% for Fungi, 38% for all marine species, 46% for marine Animalia, 68% for all Animalia, 78% for vascular plants and 91% for terrestrial Animalia). In passing, examples are given both of the roles of the major taxa in providing ecosystem services and of the use of genetic resources in the New Zealand economy. Key words: Animalia, Chromista, freshwater, Fungi, genetic diversity, marine, New Zealand, Prokaryota, Protozoa, terrestrial. INTRODUCTION Article 10b of the CBD calls for signatories to ‘Adopt The original brief for this chapter was to review New Zealand’s measures relating to the use of biological resources [i.e. genetic genetic resources. The OECD defi nition of genetic resources resources] to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological is ‘genetic material of plants, animals or micro-organisms of diversity [e.g. genetic diversity]’ (my parentheses).
    [Show full text]
  • A Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis of Terebelliform Annelids
    Zhong et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:369 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/369 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Detecting the symplesiomorphy trap: a multigene phylogenetic analysis of terebelliform annelids Min Zhong1, Benjamin Hansen2, Maximilian Nesnidal2, Anja Golombek2, Kenneth M Halanych1 and Torsten H Struck2* Abstract Background: For phylogenetic reconstructions, conflict in signal is a potential problem for tree reconstruction. For instance, molecular data from different cellular components, such as the mitochondrion and nucleus, may be inconsistent with each other. Mammalian studies provide one such case of conflict where mitochondrial data, which display compositional biases, support the Marsupionta hypothesis, but nuclear data confirm the Theria hypothesis. Most observations of compositional biases in tree reconstruction have focused on lineages with different composition than the majority of the lineages under analysis. However in some situations, the position of taxa that lack compositional bias may be influenced rather than the position of taxa that possess compositional bias. This situation is due to apparent symplesiomorphic characters and known as “the symplesiomorphy trap”. Results: Herein, we report an example of the sympleisomorphy trap and how to detect it. Worms within Terebelliformia (sensu Rouse & Pleijel 2001) are mainly tube-dwelling annelids comprising five ‘families’: Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae, Trichobranchidae and Pectinariidae. Using mitochondrial genomic data, as well as data from the nuclear 18S, 28S rDNA and elongation factor-1a genes, we revealed incongruence between mitochondrial and nuclear data regarding the placement of Trichobranchidae. Mitochondrial data favored a sister relationship between Terebellidae and Trichobranchidae, but nuclear data placed Trichobranchidae as sister to an Ampharetidae/Alvinellidae clade.
    [Show full text]
  • Algae & Marine Plants of Point Reyes
    Algae & Marine Plants of Point Reyes Green Algae or Chlorophyta Genus/Species Common Name Acrosiphonia coalita Green rope, Tangled weed Blidingia minima Blidingia minima var. vexata Dwarf sea hair Bryopsis corticulans Cladophora columbiana Green tuft alga Codium fragile subsp. californicum Sea staghorn Codium setchellii Smooth spongy cushion, Green spongy cushion Trentepohlia aurea Ulva californica Ulva fenestrata Sea lettuce Ulva intestinalis Sea hair, Sea lettuce, Gutweed, Grass kelp Ulva linza Ulva taeniata Urospora sp. Brown Algae or Ochrophyta Genus/Species Common Name Alaria marginata Ribbon kelp, Winged kelp Analipus japonicus Fir branch seaweed, Sea fir Coilodesme californica Dactylosiphon bullosus Desmarestia herbacea Desmarestia latifrons Egregia menziesii Feather boa Fucus distichus Bladderwrack, Rockweed Haplogloia andersonii Anderson's gooey brown Laminaria setchellii Southern stiff-stiped kelp Laminaria sinclairii Leathesia marina Sea cauliflower Melanosiphon intestinalis Twisted sea tubes Nereocystis luetkeana Bull kelp, Bullwhip kelp, Bladder wrack, Edible kelp, Ribbon kelp Pelvetiopsis limitata Petalonia fascia False kelp Petrospongium rugosum Phaeostrophion irregulare Sand-scoured false kelp Pterygophora californica Woody-stemmed kelp, Stalked kelp, Walking kelp Ralfsia sp. Silvetia compressa Rockweed Stephanocystis osmundacea Page 1 of 4 Red Algae or Rhodophyta Genus/Species Common Name Ahnfeltia fastigiata Bushy Ahnfelt's seaweed Ahnfeltiopsis linearis Anisocladella pacifica Bangia sp. Bossiella dichotoma Bossiella
    [Show full text]
  • Number of Living Species in Australia and the World
    Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World 2nd edition Arthur D. Chapman Australian Biodiversity Information Services australia’s nature Toowoomba, Australia there is more still to be discovered… Report for the Australian Biological Resources Study Canberra, Australia September 2009 CONTENTS Foreword 1 Insecta (insects) 23 Plants 43 Viruses 59 Arachnida Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) 43 Protoctista (mainly Introduction 2 (spiders, scorpions, etc) 26 Gymnosperms (Coniferophyta, Protozoa—others included Executive Summary 6 Pycnogonida (sea spiders) 28 Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta under fungi, algae, Myriapoda and Ginkgophyta) 45 Chromista, etc) 60 Detailed discussion by Group 12 (millipedes, centipedes) 29 Ferns and Allies 46 Chordates 13 Acknowledgements 63 Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, etc) 31 Bryophyta Mammalia (mammals) 13 Onychophora (velvet worms) 32 (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) 47 References 66 Aves (birds) 14 Hexapoda (proturans, springtails) 33 Plant Algae (including green Reptilia (reptiles) 15 Mollusca (molluscs, shellfish) 34 algae, red algae, glaucophytes) 49 Amphibia (frogs, etc) 16 Annelida (segmented worms) 35 Fungi 51 Pisces (fishes including Nematoda Fungi (excluding taxa Chondrichthyes and (nematodes, roundworms) 36 treated under Chromista Osteichthyes) 17 and Protoctista) 51 Acanthocephala Agnatha (hagfish, (thorny-headed worms) 37 Lichen-forming fungi 53 lampreys, slime eels) 18 Platyhelminthes (flat worms) 38 Others 54 Cephalochordata (lancelets) 19 Cnidaria (jellyfish, Prokaryota (Bacteria Tunicata or Urochordata sea anenomes, corals) 39 [Monera] of previous report) 54 (sea squirts, doliolids, salps) 20 Porifera (sponges) 40 Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) 55 Invertebrates 21 Other Invertebrates 41 Chromista (including some Hemichordata (hemichordates) 21 species previously included Echinodermata (starfish, under either algae or fungi) 56 sea cucumbers, etc) 22 FOREWORD In Australia and around the world, biodiversity is under huge Harnessing core science and knowledge bases, like and growing pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Animals Sponges and Placozoa the Twig of the Tree That Is the Animals the Tour Begins
    Animal Kingdom Simple animals Sponges and placozoa Tom Hartman Asymmetry www.tuatara9.co.uk Animal form and function 1 Module 111121 2 The twig of the tree that is the animals Animals All other animals Animals Sponges Choanoflagellates Choanoflagellates Fungi Fungi 3 4 All other animals Animals (bilateralia) Radiata Sponges Choanoflagellates Fungi The tour begins 5 6 1 Animal Kingdom The Phylum Quirky phyla • In the standard Linnean system (and taxonomic systems • There are 39 animal phyla (+/- 10!) based on it), a Phylum is the taxonomic category between Kingdom and Class. • The Micrognathozoa were • A phylum is a major ranking of organisms, defined discovered in 2000 (1 species)in according to the most basic body-parts shared by that springs in Greenland. group. But we must include the creatures and their • Xenoturbellida removed from the common ancestor. molluscs and moved to the – Chordata (animals with a notochord - vertebrates and others), – Arthropoda (animals with a jointed exoskeleton) dueterostomes when DNA – Mollusca (animals with a shell-secreting mantle), evidence was discounted due to – Angiosperma (flowering plants), and so on. what it had eaten! – A number of traditional Phyla - e.g. Protozoa, possibly Arthropoda - • Cycliophora discovered on the are probably invalid (polyphyletic). lips of lobsters in 1995. 7 8 The Class Our journey • In the Linnean system (and taxonomic systems Kingdom Group Phylum based on it), a Class is the taxonomic category Porifera between Phylum and Order. Placozoa • A class is a major group of organisms, e.g. Cnidaria Mammalia, Gastropoda, Insecta, etc that Parazoa Ctenophora contains a large number of different Radiata Platyhelminthes sublineages, but have shared characteristics in Animalia Protostome Rotifera common e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Solitary Entoprocts Living on Bryozoans - Commensals, Mutualists Or Parasites?
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 440 (2013) 15–21 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe Solitary entoprocts living on bryozoans - Commensals, mutualists or parasites? Yuta Tamberg ⁎, Natalia Shunatova, Eugeniy Yakovis Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation article info abstract Article history: To assess the effects of interspecific interactions on community structure it is necessary to identify their sign. Received 24 December 2011 Interference in sessile benthic suspension-feeders is mediated by space and food. In the White Sea solitary Received in revised form 3 November 2012 entoproct Loxosomella nordgaardi almost restrictively inhabits the colonies of several bryozoans, including Accepted 7 November 2012 Tegella armifera. Since both entoprocts and their hosts are suspension-feeders, this strong spatial association Available online xxxx suggests feeding interference of an unknown sign. We mapped the colonies of T. armifera inhabited by entoprocts and examined stomachs of both species for Keywords: Bryozoa diatom shells. Distribution of L. nordgaardi was positively correlated with distribution of fully developed Commensalism and actively feeding polypides of T. armifera, i.e. areas of strong colony-wide currents. We compared diatom Entoprocta shells found in their stomachs and observed a diet overlap, especially in the size classes b15 μm. Size spectra Epibiosis of the diatom shells consumed by T. armifera and average number of diatom shells per gut were not affected Interactions by the presence of L. nordgaardi. According to these results, L. nordgaardi is a commensal of T.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Analysis of Family UBA6911 (Group 18 Acidobacteria)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.09.439258; this version posted April 10, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 2 Genomic analysis of family UBA6911 (Group 18 3 Acidobacteria) expands the metabolic capacities of the 4 phylum and highlights adaptations to terrestrial habitats. 5 6 Archana Yadav1, Jenna C. Borrelli1, Mostafa S. Elshahed1, and Noha H. Youssef1* 7 8 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 9 OK 10 *Correspondence: Noha H. Youssef: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.09.439258; this version posted April 10, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 11 Abstract 12 Approaches for recovering and analyzing genomes belonging to novel, hitherto unexplored 13 bacterial lineages have provided invaluable insights into the metabolic capabilities and 14 ecological roles of yet-uncultured taxa. The phylum Acidobacteria is one of the most prevalent 15 and ecologically successful lineages on earth yet, currently, multiple lineages within this phylum 16 remain unexplored. Here, we utilize genomes recovered from Zodletone spring, an anaerobic 17 sulfide and sulfur-rich spring in southwestern Oklahoma, as well as from multiple disparate soil 18 and non-soil habitats, to examine the metabolic capabilities and ecological role of members of 19 the family UBA6911 (group18) Acidobacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinorhyncha:Cyclorhagida
    JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicZoologyof Systematic Zoology Species Diversity, 2002, 7, 47-66 Echinoderesaureus n. sp. (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Tanabe Bay (Honshu Island), Japan, with a Key to the Genus Echinoderes Andrey V.Adrianovi, Chisato Murakami2and Yoshihisa Shirayama2 iinstitute ofMarine BiotQgy, Fkir-East Branch ofRetssian Accutemp of Sciences, Palchevskly St. IZ VIadivostok 690041, Russia 2Seto Marine Btolqgical Laboratorly, Its,oto U}ziversdy, Shirahama 459, IVishimuro, Vliakayama, 649-2211 Jicipan (Received 18 May 2001; Accepted 10 December 2oo1) A new species of echinoderid kinorhynch, Echinoderes aureus, is de- scribed and illustrated using a differential interference contrast microscope with Nomarski optics. The kinorhynchs were collected from washings of a brown alga, Padina arborescens Holmes, growing in tide pools in Tanabe Bay, Honshu Island, Japan. Diagnostic characters of E. aureLts are the pres- ence of middorsal spines on segments 6-10, lateral spines/tubu}es on seg- ments4 and 7-12, a pair of remarkably large subcuticular scars in a subven- tral position on segment 3, and an ineomplete rnidventral articulation on segment 4. The positions of numerous sensory-glandular organs, the sizes of various lateral spinesltubules, and the shapes of the terminal tergal and sternal extensions are also diagnostic. Echinoderes aureus constitutes the ' 59th valid species o ± the genus Echinoderes and the 15th speeies described from the Pacific Ocean. This is the fourth representative of Pacific ki- norhynchs found only in the intertidal zone and the second Pacific Ebhin- oderes living on macroalgae in tide pools, A dichotomous key to all 59 species is provided. Key Words: kinorhynch, taxonumy, Echinoderes, key, placid, spine, tubule, setae Introduction Kinorhyncha constitutes a taxon of meiobenthic, free-living, segmented and spiny marine invertebrates, generally less than lmm in length.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moss-Back Alga (Cladophorophyceae, Chlorophyta) on Two Species of Freshwater Turtles in the Kimberleys
    Telopea 12(2) 279–284 The moss-back alga (Cladophorophyceae, Chlorophyta) on two species of freshwater turtles in the Kimberleys Stephen Skinner1,2, Nancy FitzSimmons3 and Timothy J. Entwisle1 1National Herbarium of New South Wales, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000 Australia 2Southern ACT Catchment Group Inc., PO Box 2056, Kambah, ACT Author for correspondence: [email protected] 3Institute for Applied Ecology, School of Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Abstract The range of the Australian freshwater alga Basicladia ramulosa Ducker is extended, both in its turtle hosts (Chelodina burrungandjii Thomson et al.; Emydura australis (Grey)) and in geography, to tropical northern Western Australia. Along with further morphological observations, sporangia are described for the first time in this taxon. Introduction Moss-back turtles (Fig. 1) have fascinated biologists for many years. While the carapace of a potentially amphibious turtle would be a challenging habitat for most aquatic organisms, it is perhaps surprising there are only a handful of attached algae reported from such sites. Edgren et al. (1953) detailed the range of host turtles then known in North America and the range of epizoic algae that included Rhizoclonium and Cladophora. Two further genera in the Cladophoraceae are the only macroalgae widely reported on turtle carapaces: the prostrate, spreading, endozoic (and possibly disease causing) Dermatophyton radicans Peter, and species of the heterotrichous genus Basicladia, responsible for the name ‘moss-back’. In the United States, Basicladia is considered a small epizoic genus on turtles and water snails, of three to four taxa (John 2003). Hamilton (1948) described sexual reproduction in North American species of Basicladia involving the fusion of biflagellate zooids as is commonly the case in the Cladophoraceae.
    [Show full text]