Nomenclature and Taxonomy
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Classification of Living Things
AN ACTIVE AUSTRALIAN SCIENCE 7 CURRICULUM MODULE AUS BS7 SU STRAND MODULE 1: CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS STUDENT’S NAME: TUTORIAL: TEACHER’S NAME: DATE: _______________________________________________________________________________________ AUS Biological Sciences 7: Science Understanding Strand Module 1: Key Conceptual Understandings • Students understand that the structure of an organism refers to the nature and arrangement of its body parts. • Students understand that living things have a particular structure or body organisation and particular ways of behaving and functioning by which they may be distinguished. • Students understand that classification is the process of sorting objects into groups based upon likeness between them, i.e., upon those characteristics that they have in common. • Students classify some familiar animals into different groups on the basis of both structural and functional characteristics using a dichotomous schematic chart provided to them by their teacher. • Students apply a classification scheme to sort some familiar plants into different groups on the basis of characteristics such as method of nutrition, structural features, and the way they reproduce. • Students classify, by referring to a dichotomous schematic chart, some familiar animals into different classes of vertebrates on the basis of type of fertilization and development of zygote. _______________________________________________________________________________________ An Introduction to Classification 1. A science fiction show on ABC3 is Dex Hamilton, Alien Entomologist. What do entomologists do? [1 mark] There are about one million species of insects living on earth. 2. How do biologists define the scientific word species? [2 marks] AUS BS7 SU STRAND: MODULE 1 © M. J. McGarry (2011) Page 1 • Science Concept: A species is a grouping of organisms that in nature are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. -
Rapid Assay Replicate
Algae Analysis Report and Data Set Customer ID: 000 Tracking Code: 200014-000 Sample ID: Rapid Assay Replicate: . Customer ID: 000 Sample Date: 4/30/2020 Sample Level: Epi Job ID: 1 Station: Sample Station Sample Depth: 0 System Name: Sample Lake Site: Sample Site Preservative: Glutaraldehyde Report Notes: Sample Report Note Division: Bacillariophyta Taxa ID Genus Species Subspecies Variety Form Morph Structure Relative Concentration 1109 Diatoma tenuis . Vegetative 1.00 1000936 Lindavia intermedia . Vegetative 18.00 9123 Nitzschia palea . Vegetative 1.00 1293 Stephanodiscus niagarae . Vegetative 2.00 Summary for Division ~ Bacillariophyta (4 detail records) Sum Total Bacillariophyta 22.00 Division: Chlorophyta Taxa ID Genus Species Subspecies Variety Form Morph Structure Relative Concentration 2683 *Chlorococcaceae spp . 2-9.9 um Vegetative 1.00 spherical 2491 Schroederia judayi . Vegetative 25.00 Summary for Division ~ Chlorophyta (2 detail records) Sum Total Chlorophyta 26.00 = Identification is Uncertain 200014-000 Monday, January 18, 2021 * = Family Level Identification Phytoplankton - Rapid Assay Page 2 of 13 Division: Cryptophyta Taxa ID Genus Species Subspecies Variety Form Morph Structure Relative Concentration 3015 Cryptomonas erosa . Vegetative 15.00 3043 Rhodomonas minuta . nannoplanctica . Vegetative 2.00 Summary for Division ~ Cryptophyta (2 detail records) Sum Total Cryptophyta 17.00 Division: Cyanophyta Taxa ID Genus Species Subspecies Variety Form Morph Structure Relative Concentration 4041 Aphanizomenon flos-aquae . -
A NEW SUBGENUS of the GENUS Sabei;Hes (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) L
AUGUST1991 1 A NEW SUBGENUS OF THE GENUS sABEI;HEs (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) l RALPH E. HARBACH~ Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100. ABSTRACT. A new subgenus, Peytonulus, of the genus Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy is estab- lished for seven species previously included in the subgenus Sabethinus Lutz. The subgenus is contrasted with the other subgenera of Sabethes and the type species is illustrated. INTRODUCTION The new subgenus is uniquely characterized by several autapomorphic features, the highly Because mosquitoes of the genus Sabethes modified larval seta l-VII and its missing pupal Robineau-Desvoidy are known to harbor and homolog being the most notable and conspicu- transmit arboviruses (Galindo et al. 1959, Mat- ous. Based on these distinctive features, the tingly et al. 1973), information on their identifi- subgenus PeytonuZus is erected for the seven cation andphylogenetic relationships isof great species listed above, and the following informa- importance. This is the third in a series of tion isprovided for its separation from the other papers that deals with taxonomic problems in- subgenera within the genus Sabethes. volving nominal taxa within this genus. The first The descriptive terminology and abbrevia- paper dealt with the transfer of a species from tions follow Harbach and Knight (1980, 1982) Sabethesto a new subgenusin WyeomyiaTheobald and Harbach and Peyton (1990a, 1990b). The (Harbach and Peyton 1990a). The second dealt illustrations are based on specimens deposited with the transfer of the subgenus Davismyia in the National Museum of Natural History, Lane and Cerqueira and its type species from Smithsonian Institution. -
BAST1986050004005.Pdf
BASTERIA, 50: 93-150, 1986 Alphabetical revision of the (sub)species in recent Conidae. 9. ebraeus to extraordinarius with the description of Conus elegans ramalhoi, nov. subspecies H.E. Coomans R.G. Moolenbeek& E. Wils Institute of Taxonomic Zoology (Zoological Museum) University of Amsterdam INTRODUCTION In this ninth part of the revision all names of recent Conus taxa beginning with the letter e are discussed. Amongst these are several nominal species of tent-cones with a C.of close-set lines, the shell a darker pattern consisting very giving appearance (e.g. C. C. The elisae, euetrios, eumitus). phenomenon was also mentioned for C. castaneo- fasciatus, C. cholmondeleyi and C. dactylosus in former issues. This occurs in populations where with normal also that consider them specimens a tent-pattern are found, so we as colour formae. The effect is known shells in which of white opposite too, areas are present, leaving 'islands' with the tent-pattern (e.g. C. bitleri, C. castrensis, C. concatenatus and C. episco- These colour formae. patus). are also art. Because of a change in the rules of the ICZN (3rd edition, 1985: 73-74), there has risen a disagreement about the concept of the "type series". In cases where a museum type-lot consists of more than one specimen, although the original author(s) did not indicate that more than one shell was used for the description, we will designate the single originally mentioned and/or figured specimen as the "lectotype". Never- theless a number of taxonomists will consider that "lectotype" as the holotype, and disregard the remaining shells in the lot as type material. -
INTRODUCTION to ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY, CLASS 25 Contents 1
INTRODUCTION TO ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY, CLASS 25 RAVI VAKIL Contents 1. The genus of a nonsingular projective curve 1 2. The Riemann-Roch Theorem with Applications but No Proof 2 2.1. A criterion for closed immersions 3 3. Recap of course 6 PS10 back today; PS11 due today. PS12 due Monday December 13. 1. The genus of a nonsingular projective curve The definition I’m going to give you isn’t the one people would typically start with. I prefer to introduce this one here, because it is more easily computable. Definition. The tentative genus of a nonsingular projective curve C is given by 1 − deg ΩC =2g 2. Fact (from Riemann-Roch, later). g is always a nonnegative integer, i.e. deg K = −2, 0, 2,.... Complex picture: Riemann-surface with g “holes”. Examples. Hence P1 has genus 0, smooth plane cubics have genus 1, etc. Exercise: Hyperelliptic curves. Suppose f(x0,x1) is a polynomial of homo- geneous degree n where n is even. Let C0 be the affine plane curve given by 2 y = f(1,x1), with the generically 2-to-1 cover C0 → U0.LetC1be the affine 2 plane curve given by z = f(x0, 1), with the generically 2-to-1 cover C1 → U1. Check that C0 and C1 are nonsingular. Show that you can glue together C0 and C1 (and the double covers) so as to give a double cover C → P1. (For computational convenience, you may assume that neither [0; 1] nor [1; 0] are zeros of f.) What goes wrong if n is odd? Show that the tentative genus of C is n/2 − 1.(Thisisa special case of the Riemann-Hurwitz formula.) This provides examples of curves of any genus. -
8 April 2021 Mr. Jon Kurland Assistant
8 April 2021 Mr. Jon Kurland Assistant Regional Administrator Protected Resources Division, Alaska Region National Marine Fisheries Service P.O. Box 21668 Juneau, Alaska 99082-1668 Dear Mr. Kurland: The Marine Mammal Commission (the Commission), in consultation with its Committee of Scientific Advisors on Marine Mammals, has reviewed the National Marine Fisheries Service’s (NMFS) 8 January 2021 Federal Register notice (86 Fed. Reg. 1452) revising its proposed designation of critical habitat for Arctic ringed seals (Phoca hispida hispida)1 and reopening the comment period on that proposal. The Commission offers the following comments and recommendations. Background On 28 December 2012, NMFS published a final rule listing the Arctic ringed seal as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) (77 Fed. Reg. 76706) and requesting information on physical and biological features essential to the conservation of Arctic ringed seals and on economic consequences of designating critical habitat for this species. Section 3(5)(A) of the ESA defines “critical habitat” as: (i) the specific areas within the geographical area occupied by the species, at the time it is listed in accordance with section 4 of this Act, on which are found those physical or biological features (I) essential to the conservation of the species and (II) which may require special management considerations or protection; and (ii) specific areas outside the geographical area occupied by the species at the time it is listed in accordance with the provisions of section 4 of this Act, upon a determination by the Secretary that such areas are essential for the conservation of the species. -
"Phylum" for "Division" for Groups Treated As Plants Author(S): H
Proposal (10) to Substitute the Term "Phylum" for "Division" for Groups Treated as Plants Author(s): H. C. Bold, A. Cronquist, C. Jeffrey, L. A. S. Johnson, L. Margulis, H. Merxmüller, P. H. Raven and A. L. Takhtajan Reviewed work(s): Source: Taxon, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Feb., 1978), pp. 121-122 Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1220504 . Accessed: 15/08/2012 04:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. http://www.jstor.org TAXON 27 (1): 121-132 FEBRUARY 1978 NOMENCLATURE TYPIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS: A PROPOSAL Ralph A. Lewin * & G. E. Fogg** Rules and recommendations for the typification of many kinds of microorganisms, in- cluding microscopic algae and fungi, need to be updated for a variety of reasons. Improve- ments of fixation techniques normally make it unnecessary to invoke Article 9, Note 1, which relates to "the name of a species of infraspecific taxon of Recent plants of which it is impossible to preserve a specimen..." On the other hand, more and more taxonomy is being based on electron-microscopy, biochemistry, serology or other modern techniques for which living material may be needed, and for which a herbarium sheet is generally inadequate and a drawing, or even a photomicrograph, is for various reasons unsatisfactory. -
Sari Et Al. 2012 J. Biogeography.Pdf
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2012) ORIGINAL Tracking the origins of lice, haemospo- ARTICLE ridian parasites and feather mites of the Galapagos flycatcher (Myiarchus magnirostris) Eloisa H. R. Sari1*, Hans Klompen2 and Patricia G. Parker1,3 1Department of Biology and Whitney R. ABSTRACT Harris World Ecology Center, University of Aim To discover the origins of the lice, haemosporidian parasites and feather Missouri-St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63121, 2 mites found on or in Galapagos flycatchers (Myiarchus magnirostris), by testing USA, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State whether they colonized the islands with the ancestors of M. magnirostris or if University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA, they were acquired by M. magnirostris after its arrival in the Galapagos Islands. 3 Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute, St Louis, Location The Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) and north-western Costa Rica. MO, 63110, USA Methods We collected lice, feather mites and blood samples from M. magni- rostris on seven of the Galapagos Islands (n = 254), and from its continental sister species, M. tyrannulus, in Costa Rica (n = 74), and identified them to species level using traditional taxonomy and DNA sequencing. Results The blood parasites from the two bird species were different: Plasmo- dium was found only in M. tyrannulus, while a few individuals of M. magnirostris were infected by Haemoproteus multipigmentatus from Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis). Myiarchus tyrannulus was parasitized by three louse species, two of which (Ricinus marginatus and Menacanthus distinctus) were also found on Myiarchus magnirostris. We also collected one louse specimen from M. magnirostris, which was identified as Brueelia interposita, a species commonly found on finches and yellow warblers from the Galapagos, but never recorded on M. -
Quantum in the Cloud: Application Potentials and Research Opportunities
Quantum in the Cloud: Application Potentials and Research Opportunities Frank Leymann a, Johanna Barzen b, Michael Falkenthal c, Daniel Vietz d, Benjamin Weder e and Karoline Wild f Institute of Architecture of Application Systems, University of Stuttgart, Universitätsstr. 38, Stuttgart, Germany Keywords: Cloud Computing, Quantum Computing, Hybrid Applications. Abstract: Quantum computers are becoming real, and they have the inherent potential to significantly impact many application domains. We sketch the basics about programming quantum computers, showing that quantum programs are typically hybrid consisting of a mixture of classical parts and quantum parts. With the advent of quantum computers in the cloud, the cloud is a fine environment for performing quantum programs. The tool chain available for creating and running such programs is sketched. As an exemplary problem we discuss efforts to implement quantum programs that are hardware independent. A use case from machine learning is outlined. Finally, a collaborative platform for solving problems with quantum computers that is currently under construction is presented. 1 INTRODUCTION Because of this, the overall algorithms are often hybrid. They perform parts on a quantum computer, Quantum computing advanced up to a state that urges other parts on a classical computer. Each part attention to the software community: problems that performed on a quantum computer is fast enough to are hard to solve based on classical (hardware and produce reliable results. The parts executed on a software) technology become tractable in the next classical computer analyze the results, compute new couple of years (National Academies, 2019). parameters for the quantum parts, and pass them on Quantum computers are offered for commercial use to a quantum part. -
Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in a Veterinary Perspective
biology Review Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in a Veterinary Perspective Valentina Virginia Ebani 1,2,* and Francesca Mancianti 1,2 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] 2 Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-050-221-6968 Simple Summary: Several fungal species are well suited to control arthropods, being able to cause epizootic infection among them and most of them infect their host by direct penetration through the arthropod’s tegument. Most of organisms are related to the biological control of crop pests, but, more recently, have been applied to combat some livestock ectoparasites. Among the entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, innocuous for humans, animals, and plants and isolated from different environments, showed the most relevant activity against arthropods. Its entomopathogenic property is related to the production of highly biodegradable proteins. Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria are usually employed against agricultural pests, and some studies have focused on their use to control animal arthropods. However, risks of infections in animals and humans are possible; thus, further studies about their activity are necessary. Abstract: The present study aimed to review the papers dealing with the biological activity of fungi and bacteria against some mites and ticks of veterinary interest. In particular, the attention was turned to the research regarding acarid species, Dermanyssus gallinae and Psoroptes sp., which are the cause of severe threat in farm animals and, regarding ticks, also pets. -
Major Lineages Within Apiaceae Subfamily Apioideae: a Comparison of Chloroplast Restriction Site and Dna Sequence Data1
American Journal of Botany 86(7): 1014±1026. 1999. MAJOR LINEAGES WITHIN APIACEAE SUBFAMILY APIOIDEAE: A COMPARISON OF CHLOROPLAST RESTRICTION SITE AND DNA SEQUENCE DATA1 GREGORY M. PLUNKETT2 AND STEPHEN R. DOWNIE Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Traditional sources of taxonomic characters in the large and taxonomically complex subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae) have been confounding and no classi®cation system of the subfamily has been widely accepted. A restriction site analysis of the chloroplast genome from 78 representatives of Apioideae and related groups provided a data matrix of 990 variable characters (750 of which were potentially parsimony-informative). A comparison of these data to that of three recent DNA sequencing studies of Apioideae (based on ITS, rpoCl intron, and matK sequences) shows that the restriction site analysis provides 2.6± 3.6 times more variable characters for a comparable group of taxa. Moreover, levels of divergence appear to be well suited to studies at the subfamilial and tribal levels of Apiaceae. Cladistic and phenetic analyses of the restriction site data yielded trees that are visually congruent to those derived from the other recent molecular studies. On the basis of these comparisons, six lineages and one paraphyletic grade are provisionally recognized as informal groups. These groups can serve as the starting point for future, more intensive studies of the subfamily. Key words: Apiaceae; Apioideae; chloroplast genome; restriction site analysis; Umbelliferae. Apioideae are the largest and best-known subfamily of tem, and biochemical characters exhibit similarly con- Apiaceae (5 Umbelliferae) and include many familiar ed- founding parallelisms (e.g., Bell, 1971; Harborne, 1971; ible plants (e.g., carrot, parsnips, parsley, celery, fennel, Nielsen, 1971). -
Chewing Lice of Genus Ricinus (Phthiraptera, Ricinidae) Deposited
Parasite 2016, 23,7 Ó M. Valan et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2016 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016007 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EDC87FF9–2C01–42E4–A1B7–A5F0377A0DDF Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Chewing lice of genus Ricinus (Phthiraptera, Ricinidae) deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, with description of a new species Miroslav Valan*, Oldrich Sychra, and Ivan Literak Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic Received 6 August 2015, Accepted 31 January 2016, Published online 22 February 2016 Abstract – We revised a collection of chewing lice deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia. We studied 60 slides with 107 specimens of 10 species of the genus Ricinus (De Geer, 1778). The collection includes lectotype specimens of Ricinus ivanovi Blagoveshtchensky, 1951 and of Ricinus tugarinovi Blagoveshtchensky, 1951. We registered Ricinus elongatus Olfers, 1816 ex Turdus ruficollis, R. ivanovi ex Leucosticte tephrocotis and Ricinus serratus (Durrant, 1906) ex Calandrella acutirostris and Calandrel- la cheleensis which were not included in Price’s world checklist. New records for Russia are R. elongatus ex Turdus ruficollis; Ricinus fringillae De Geer, 1778 ex Emberiza aureola, Emberiza leucocephalos, Emberiza rustica, Passer montanus and Prunella modularis; Ricinus rubeculae De Geer, 1778 ex Erithacus rubecula and Luscinia svecica; Ricinus serratus (Durrant, 1906) ex Alauda arvensis. New records for Kyrgyzstan are R. fringillae ex E. leucocephalos and ex Fringilla coelebs.