For More Information Visit: http://www.HawkeyeCWMA.org ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABELS. Autumn Proper training for prescribed fires is highly recommended. sevaeL rewolF tiurF Basic training can be found online at Olive Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec http://training.nwcg.gov/courses/s130.html 1 and http://training.nwcg.gov/courses/s190.html Elaeagnus umbellata 2 2 3 Related Websites: 4 http://www.iowadnr.com/forestry/invasive.html http://plants.usda.gov www.invasivespecies.gov www.nps.gov/plants/alien

Management Techniques 1. (July-dormancy) Stump treat. Cut the autumn olive to the ground and immediately treat the stump with Credits: the appropriate herbicide within 15 minutes. Wipe herbicide on the cut with a small sponge-tipped bot- Photographs: Mark Vitosh, IDNR; Mary Sue Bowers, USACE; US Fish and Wildlife; Courtney Janiak, Boston Globe; Joseph Austin, Austin, TX; tle or paintbrush. This is especially effective when done July-September. This is your best option. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; This should be followed with technique 3 annually. Choose ONE of the following herbicides: Nancy Loewenstein, Auburn University; James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service; Chris Evans, River to River CWMA; www.bugwood.org A. 25% Aminopyralid solution Brochure Created By: Sarah Chmielewski, Karen Clauson B. 12.5% Triclopyr solution formulated for use with penetrating oil

2. (Dormant season) Basal bark treatments. Using a handheld sprayer, line herbicide around the base of Last updated: 4/19/2011 the plant 6-12 inches from the ground. This technique needs to be completed several years in a row and should be followed with technique 3 annually. Choose ONE of the following herbicides: The Hawkeye Cooperative Weed Management Area (HCWMA) is a collective group of county, A. 25% Aminopyralid solution state, and federal agencies, nonprofit organiza- tions and community associations who have B. 12.5% Triclopyr solution formulated for use with penetrating oil come together to combat the invasive species problem in Eastern Iowa. The HCWMA serves Benton, Cedar, Iowa, Johnson, Jones, Linn, and 3. (Spring) Pull first year seedlings out of the ground while the soil is moist. Make sure to remove all of Louisa Counties and is open to all interested the root system. Technique 4 should be used on any remaining plants. parties. The Term CWMA, or Cooperative Weed Management Area, refers to a local organization 4. (May-October) Foliar spray. Apply herbicide to leaves using a sprayer. In general, this technique will that integrates invasive species management resources across jurisdictional boundaries in have a deeper root-kill if used in the fall, but can be used to top kill the plant in the spring and summer. order to benefit entire regions. A S ERIOUS T HREAT This should be followed with technique 2. Choose ONE of the following herbicides: Funding for this brochure provided by the US Forest Service through a Healthy Forest Initiative Grant. To A. 2% Aminopyralid solution -azinagro ,seicnega( srebmem AMWC eyekwaH llA eyekwaH AMWC srebmem ,seicnega( -azinagro B. 2% Triclopyr solution (selective for broadleaf plants) and a 0.5% surfactant tions, and individuals) are equal opportunity providers Iowa’s Prairies/Grasslands and employers. *FIRE IS NOT RECOMMENDED AS A MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR ESTABLISHED STANDS* ______Flowers: Another potential problem in What is Autumn Olive? What does Autumn Olive Look The flowers appear in Iowa: Russian Olive (Elaeagnus • Non-native woody shrub. Like? May, after the first • Introduced from China, Korea and Japan in leaves are produced. angustifolia ) the 1830s as an ornamental shrub. Identifying traits: Bushy plant that can grow up to The abundant, tiny • Planted to reclaim mine lands and for wildlife History: 20 feet tall. Oblong leaves are silver on the bottom. flowers can be found in habitat. Stems have a silver tint and thorns. Fruit is red at Russian Olive is native to Europe and Western the leaf axils of the maturity. After three years of growth the plant can plant. They are fragrant, Asia. It was introduced to North America in the late flower and produce fruit. silvery yellow, tubular, 1800’s. It has been used to reclaim mine lands and ______and are 1/2 inch long. as wildlife habitat. Bark: Similar Characteristics to Autumn Olive: As the shrub gets older, Fruits: The 1/2 inch leaves are alternate on both olive When the fruits first appear the bark begins to split varieties. The stems are slightly thorny. There are they are silver and then turn and crack. This starts at small yellowish flowers on both of the plants. the base and works its red upon maturity. These Differences from Autumn Olive: way up. plants can produce up to 6 pounds of fruit a year. Russian Olive grows to a maximum height of 35

Leaves: ______feet. The fruits grow singularly, while the fruit of Autumn Olive cluster together. Fruits of Russian The 1 inch wide leaves are oblong, with smooth but Olive are green to yellow, compared to the silver to wavy edges. Leaves are dark green to grayish red fruit of Autumn Olive. Both sides of the mature green in color, with silver leaves of Russian Olive have a silver sheen to and white dotted under- them, not just the undersides like Autumn Olive. sides. They are arranged alternately on the stems. Leaves appear in early spring, before native Line Drawing of Autumn Olive vegetation. What is the Threat to Iowa? • Has no natural growth controls. NativeWhere isAlternatives: it Found? Downy Arrowwood • Resprouts vigorously after fires. (Viburnum rafines- LoremWitch Hazelipsum (Hamamelisdolor sit amet, virginiana)- consectetuer adipiscing • Is a threat to both open and semi open quianum)- elit, sed diem nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut areas. This shrub tolerates poor, wet, This 3-6 foot tall shrub lacreet dolore magnapolluted, aliguam and erat shaded volutpat. soil. Ut It wisis has • Adaptable to a variety of soils and is drought produces brilliant purple enim ad minim veniam,aesthetic consequat, and fragrant vel illum leaves dolore and resistant. berries in the summer eu feugiat nulla facilisisflowers at vero in the eros fall. et The accumsan fruit attracts et • Produces lots of fruits that are quickly and early fall. The shrub iusto odio dignissim birdsqui blandit and the praesent stems areluptatum. browsed dispersed by wildlife. can grow in dry or mesic Lorem ipsum dolor sitby amet, deer andconsectetuer beavers. Theadipiscing oil from • Prevents light from getting to native plants. this plant has been used in soils, transplants well, elit, sed diem nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut • Highway plantings draw birds close to medicines, eye-washes, after and is disease and lacreet dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. Ut wisis high-speed traffic. shave, and salves for soothing insect tolerant. The fruit enim ad minim veniam, consequat, vel illum dolore • Interferes with the nitrogen cycle of native insect bites, burns, and poison ivy attracts birds and small eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan. communities. rashes. mammals. Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia )