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Home , Tetrasaccharide

(CHO)

ANSC 2401  CHO Definition:

Organic compounds that contain ______Ratio of C to H to O is 1:2:1

(C·H2O)n

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Carbohydrates (CHO)

 Example: Chemical Classification of (C·H O) 2 n Carbohydrates

Glucose = C6H12O6

 Each carbon is hydrated with a water molecule, hence the name “hydrates of carbon” or .

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CHO’s - Chemical Classification CHO’s - Chemical Classification

 Categorized according to  ______of molecules “hooked” together  3 and 4 carbons monosaccharides exist but Type of linkages (α or β) most found in nature are (5C) and (6C)

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1 CHO’s - Chemical Classification 's of Nutritional Importance  Most common monosaccharides in plants  Hexoses Blood sugar ______Glucose Also called “dextrose” A component of the : , , A component of ______

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Monosaccharide's of Nutritional Monosaccharide's of Nutritional Importance Importance  Hexoses Fruit sugar.  Hexoses Component of A component of lactose (milk fructose. sugar) A component of ______

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Monosaccharide's of Nutritional Monosaccharide's of Nutritional Importance Importance  Hexoses Found in other  Pentoses A component of Manose plant the

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2 Monosaccharide's of Nutritional Disaccharides Importance  Pentoses A component of the  Definition: Two monosaccharides polysaccharide linked by an , the type (constituent of cell wall in of bond that links simple sugars plants). together into more complex carbohydrates. Found in other polysaccharides, corn cobs and wood

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Disaccharides Disaccharides  Sucrose  Lactose Table sugar Glucose ______

Most common Galactose + Glucose ______Fructose ______

Glucose + Fructose

( 1,4 linkage)

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Disaccharides Disaccharides   Maltose Created mainly when is broken A component of the polysaccharide down by amylase Glucose + Glucose Glucose + Glucose; joined by a beta 1,4 linkage

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3 Oligosaccharides

 Tetrasaccharide (4 sugar units): An example is . Stachyose is found primarily ______in:

(3 monosaccharides): An example is . Raffinose is found in small amounts in sugar beets and appreciable amounts in: and cottonseed meal

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Polysaccharides Polysaccharides

 Most common polysaccharides in plants  Polysaccharide definition

______

 Both are polymers of glucose

Starch Starch

 Starch is composed of 2 major molecules:  (plant starch) ______chain of alpha linked glucose units

4 Starch Cellulose  Cellulose

(plant starch) ______alpha linked glucose Most abundant polysaccharide in nature units

Mammalian enzyme system ______to break beta 1-4 linkages between glucose units

Other polysaccharides Other polysaccharides

 Hemicellulose Water soluble chains of fructose Branched polysaccharide (mixture of Found mostly in pentoses and hexoses) ______(bluegrass, fescue, ryegrass) Beta 1-4 linked sugar residues (most often xylans)  Beta-

Cross-linked to lignin and cellulose Water soluble chains of glucose Found in oats and barley

Mixed Polysaccharides  Gums  Mixture of hexoses and pentoses Composed of galacturonic backbone with sugar inserts and side chains of arabinose + galactose Associated with the cell wall but not linked to lignin ______

5 In animal nutrition, CHO’s are Non-structural vs. Structural generally classified as: Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates Carbohydrates  Structural CHO’s  Non-structural CHO’s Found in ______Gives plants rigidity needed to grow against ______storage for plants gravity

Monosaccharides, disaccharides and starch Hemicellulose, cellulose and pectins

Rate and extent of digestibility is ______Rate and extent of digestibility is ______

Evaluation of CHO Concentration  Lignin in Feedstuffs Polyphenolic compound – ______Total Carbohydrate Neither monogastrics nor ruminants ______Non-structural Structural Carbohydrates Carbohydrates When cross linked with cellulose or Hemi- Sugars Pectins Cellulose Lignin cellulose hemicellulose, lignin ______

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