November 2016 November 2016 Www
HYDROCARBON ENGINEERING
November 2016 November 2016 www. hydrocarbonengineering .com
Next generation of flare performance Delivering more value www.callidus.com We create chemistry that makes feedstocks love purity.
Adsorbents are critical for the removal of contaminants from a variety of process streams and feedstocks in the re ning, petrochemical, chemical, and gas processing industries. BASF offers a broad range of adsorbents including proprietary alumina, silica, bentonite, and molecular sieve technologies. Optimized product selection from brands such as Selexsorb®, PuriStar®, Prosorb®, Sorbead® and other BASF adsorbents provide tailored puri cation solutions based on technical expertise and economic considerations. At BASF, we create chemistry. www.catalysts.basf.com/adsorbents CONTENTS November 2016 Volume 21 Number 11 ISSN 1468-9340 03 Comment 61 Catching the fugitives Controlling fugitive emissions is one of the most important technical 05 World News challenges facing the oil and gas industry. Valves play a central role 12 On the crossroads in this, but, as Paul Shillito, Oliver Valves, UK, explains, there can be a Valentin Kotlomin, Euro Petroleum Consultants, reviews the history limit to the level of tightness operators should be aiming for. of the oil refining sector in Europe's Balkan region, and the recent developments being implemented to meet modern European 66 Smokeless surroundings industrial standards. Matthew Martin and Bryan Beck, Honeywell UOP's Callidus Technologies Business, USA, discuss how multipoint ground flares 19 What next? can help downstream companies achieve smokeless operations, and Nunzia Florio, UK Petroleum Industry Association (UKPIA), UK, explores improve burner cross-lighting and flame length. how the UK oil and refining industry will change as challenges and opportunities arise in a new, post-Brexit Britain. 73 Accuracy in adversity Matthew J. Olin and Scott A. Rouse, Sierra Instruments, USA, explore 24 Ruling the waves how advancements in natural gas sampling innovations are increasing Steve Mason, Clean Fuel Ltd, UK, explores the environmental benefits flow metering accuracy for tough applications. and potential of emulsified fuel, which will be used to power Team Britannia's round the world powerboating record attempt. 78 A balancing act Emmelyn Graham, NEL, part of the TÜV SÜD Group, UK, explains 31 Eyes on your asset how achieving the right chemical balance in hydrocarbon pipelines Colin Hickey, Sky-Futures, UK, highlights the benefits of using can prevent flow assurance issues, enabling more effective processing unmanned aerial vehicles for confined space inspection and assuring operations in downstream facilities. asset integrity of critical infrastructure. 83 Pure and simple 35 A local, global problem Joāo Amorim, Fernando Borges and Sérgio Moutinho, Galp Jon Douglas, Frazer-Nash Consultancy, UK, discusses how a new sensor Energia, Portugal, and Lutz Kunze, Lothar Karrer and Bjorn Welander, is helping the downstream sector to detect corrosion under insulation. BASF – Catalyst Division, Germany, describe how Galp Energia improved aromatic purification efficiency through the use of high 41 Pump up the volume performance activated bentonite. Pharic Smith, Sulzer, UK, and Thomas Kraenzler, Sulzer, Switzerland, examine the maximisation of pump efficiency through reduced 89 Cat cracker contamination: part two corrosion and erosion, allowing users to enhance productivity and Pat Salemo, Philadelphia Energy Solutions Refining and reduce running costs. Marketing, LLC, USA, and Doc Kirchgessner and John Aikman, Grace Catalyst Technologies, USA, explain how Philadelphia Energy Solutions 47 Progressive pumps tackled the negative impacts of iron contamination in its fluid Norman Zombor, NETZSCH Canada, Inc., Canada, discusses the catalytic cracking system. continued development of sealing technology for progressive cavity pumps applied in challenging hydrocarbon environments. 95 Purchasing power There has been a growing movement amongst Western refineries to 51 Feeling the pressure purchase rather than produce hydrogen, a trend now also emerging in Mike Northwood, Paladon Systems, UK, explains how high integrity the Middle East, India and Asia. Phil Morris, Air Products, UK, explains pressure protection systems can help downstream oil and gas what is driving this shift in approach. operators to improve plant processes and increase efficiency. 102 A multifaceted marketplace 57 A study in solutions Greg Bury, UniversalPegasus International, Canada, and President of the Julie Bodine, ValvTechnologies, Inc., USA, explains how effective and Gas Processing Association of Canada (GPAC), discusses the challenges innovative valve design and proper implementation can increase and opportunities available in the Canadian marketplace for the process safety, reliability and efficiency. natural gas industry, in light of the US shale boom. 112 15 facts... This month we give you 15 facts on oilsands and reserves!
Honeywell UOP’s Callidus Technologies business is a pioneer THIS in combustion and post-treatment technology for the refining, petrochemical, chemicals, metals and gas processing industries. Following a proven history of innovative solutions MONTH'S to difficult industry problems, Callidus’ engineering and project execution expertise is now helping the process FRONT industries to navigate the rapidly changing environmental compliance landscape while delivering safe, efficient, COVER clean and high performance technology.
2016 Member of ABC Audit Bureau of Circulations © JOIN THE Copyright Palladian Publications Ltd 2016. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the follow connect like join prior permission of the copyright owner. All views expressed in this journal are those of the respective contributors and are not CONVERSATION @HydrocarbonEng Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon necessarily the opinions of the publisher, neither do the publishers endorse any of the claims made in the articles or the Engineering Engineering Engineering advertisements. Printed in the UK. Uncaptioned images courtesy of www.shutterstock.com. FROM A ...TO B... TO SEA.
SINGLE SOURCE, END-TO-END CAPABILITY
From a full range of solidifi cation Engineering and consulting services solutions, through safe bulk handling, High capacity sulphur degassing, stacking and reclaiming systems, to block pouring and remelting effi cient, environmentally-friendly Small/mid size and high capacity ship, rail and truck loading facilities, solidifi cation there’s one company you can trust to Bagging and ship, rail and truck handle it all. Sandvik. We make it simple. loading systems And that’s why we’re known as Global service and spare part supply The Sulphur Company.
Sandvik Process Systems Division of Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland GmbH Salierstr. 35, 70736 Fellbach, Germany Tel: +49 711 5105-0 · Fax: +49 711 5105-152 · [email protected] www.processsystems.sandvik.com
SANDVIK_A-B-sea_ad_A4_MASTER.indd 1 09/02/2015 14:51 COMMENT
CONTACT INFO ROSALIE STARLING, EDITOR
MANAGING EDITOR James Little he last two years have proved to be a testing time [email protected] for the oil industry. The infamous price crash turned EDITOR Rosalie Starling the global economy on its head, and cost operators [email protected] billions in lost profits. The sector has faced substantial EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Francesca Brindle Tinvestment cuts and considerable layoffs, and experts around the [email protected] globe have highlighted the potential risk to oil supplies – by no ADVERTISEMENT DIRECTOR Rod Hardy means an encouraging sign for the future of the industry, and our [email protected] predominant source of energy. ADVERTISEMENT MANAGER Chris Atkin Fed up of the continually languishing prices and climate of distinct uncertainty, in mid-summer, a [email protected] number of Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members called for a meeting ADVERTISEMENT EXECUTIVE Will Powell to discuss measures to stabilise the market. While the industry remained somewhat sceptical about [email protected] the gathering, plans went ahead and on 28 September, member countries convened in Algiers for th ADVERTISEMENT EXECUTIVE David Ramsden the 170 (Extraordinary) Meeting of the OPEC Conference. The result? Several significant conclusions [email protected] were endorsed – the most critical being that OPEC must not ignore the potential risk that the present DIGITAL EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Angharad Lock stock overhang may continue to weigh negatively into the future, impacting producers, consumers [email protected] and the industry alike. PRODUCTION Ben Munro Member countries have agreed to conduct a constructive dialogue with non-member producing [email protected] countries in an attempt to stabilise the market and avoid any adverse impacts in the short and WEB MANAGER Tom Fullerton medium term – continuous collaborative efforts among producers, both within and outside of [email protected] OPEC, were highlighted as a key factor that would help restore market balance and sustainability. WEB EDITOR Callum O’Reilly Furthermore, the challenge of reducing excess stock levels over the coming quarters was addressed, [email protected] and members noted the drop in US oil inventories seen in the weeks running up to the meeting. SUBSCRIPTIONS Laura White This is a big step for the industry – the last time OPEC agreed in principle to production cuts [email protected] was during the financial crisis in 2008 – with members deciding on an OPEC-14 production target CONTRIBUTING EDITORS ranging between 32.5 and 33 million bpd in order to accelerate stock reduction efforts. While Nancy Yamaguchi Gordon Cope OPEC hasn’t actually implemented the cuts yet, and many of the details need to be worked out, a High Level Committee has been allocated to study the implementation of production levels SUBSCRIPTION RATES and develop a framework of consultations between OPEC and non-OPEC oil producing countries, Annual subscription £110 UK including including the identification of risks and formation of proactive measures. These (as well as targets for postage/£125 overseas (postage airmail). Two year discounted rate £176 UK including each country) are due to be decided at the next OPEC meeting on 30 November in Vienna. postage/£200 overseas (postage airmail). So, while all of this looks quite promising, on 23 October, Iraq's Oil Minister Jabar Ali al-Luaibi SUBSCRIPTION CLAIMS threw a rather large spanner in the works, informing reporters in a briefing that the country should be Claims for non receipt of issues must be made within 3 months exempt from output restrictions due to the funding required to fight the war against the Islamic State. of publication of the issue or they will not be honoured without charge. Falah al-Amiri, Director General of the State Oil Marketing Organisation (SOMO), further noted that APPLICABLE ONLY TO USA & CANADA Iraq's market share was compromised by the various wars it has fought since the 1980s, adding that the Hydrocarbon Engineering (ISSN No: 1468-9340, country "should be producing 9 million [bpd] if it wasn't for the wars."1 USPS No: 020-998) is published monthly by Palladian Publications Ltd GBR and distributed in the USA by Asendia Oil prices dipped on 24 October following the announcement, with Reuters reporting a 0.6% USA, 17B S Middlesex Ave, Monroe NJ 08831. Periodicals postage paid New Brunswick, NJ and additional mailing offices. drop in Brent crude to US$51.46/bbl (down US$0.32) and a 0.7% fall in US West Texas Intermediate POSTMASTER: send address changes to HYDROCARBON 2 ENGINEERING, 701C Ashland Ave, Folcroft PA 19032. (WTI) crude to US$50.52/bbl (down US$0.33). While things are still very uncertain for the global oil markets, according to analysts, OPEC's upcoming meeting may signal a rebalancing in terms of production and consumption. "A decision to cut to 33 million bpd should keep the crude price basis (Brent) in the US$50 - 60 band, not least because it shows that Saudi policy has changed, that OPEC is serious and can rise above political 15 South Street Farnham Surrey disagreements," noted David Hufton, PVM.3 One thing's for sure: all eyes will be on Vienna in GU9 7QU ENGLAND Tel: +44 (0) 1252 718 999 November when these crucial decisions will be hashed out by some of the industry's foremost figures. Fax: +44 (0) 1252 718 992 References 1. ‘Iraq says should be exempted from OPEC output freeze’, Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-oil- minister-idUSKCN12N0C4. 2. ‘Oil dips on Buzzard restart, Iraq; US crude tests below $50’, Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-oil- idUSKCN12O02S. 3. ‘US crude settles down 33 cents at $50.52 after Iraq resists joining output cut’, CNBC, http://www.cnbc.com/ 2016/10/23/oil-prices-drop-as-iraq-says-doesnt-want-to-join-opec-cut.html. WE ARE NEW BRAND! SAME KELVION! QUALITY! EXPERTS IN HEAT EXCHANGE SINCE 1920 We are Kelvion – the global experts in industrial heat exchange. We develop our products, manufacture them with precision and distribute globally. We continue to offer one of the world’s largest heat exchanger product portfolios: Plate heat exchangers, shell & tube heat exchangers, finned tube heat exchangers, modular cooling towers and refrigeration heat exchangers for a wide range of applications. www.kelvion.com
KLV_HydrocarbonEngineering_Okt_210x297_RZ.indd 1 20.10.16 18:21 WORLD NEWS Saudi Arabia | Refinery hydrocracking award Russia | Grassroots
hevron Lummus Global LLC (CLG) minimise investment, while providing furnace supply has announced the successful maximum conversion of a challenging C echnip has been awarded a proven operation of one of the world’s feed blend. contract by Public Joint Stock largest hydrocracking plants by Yanbu YASREF operates its world class T Aramco Sinopec Refining Company 400 000 bbl full conversion refinery on Company (PJSC) Kazanorgsintez to (YASREF), a joint venture between the banks of the Red Sea. The provide the engineering and procurement of three proprietary Aramco and Sinopec. The new hydrocracking unit was commissioned TM hydrocracker has a fresh feed design in September 2015, enabling YASREF to SMK grassroots furnaces at Kazan, capacity of 124 000 bpd and is located produce 263 000 bpd of high quality Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. The at the Yanbu industrial city refinery middle distillate products, Euro 5 diesel furnaces will be part of the ethylene supersite in the Kingdom of fuel and aviation kerosene, mainly for plant, which is located at the site. Saudi Arabia. The design uses CLG’s export purposes. CLG will continue to This project represents another maximum conversion ISOCRACKING work with YASREF and its parent step in Kazanorgsintez’s ongoing technology, and its two stage with companies to maximise the long term cracking furnaces replacement recycle configuration has proven to profitability of the hydrocracking unit. programme and confirms the long standing relationship between Indonesia | Technology licensing agreements the two companies. In 2007 and 2015, Technip supplied SMK double-cell xens has announced the signature selectively hydrodesulfurised in a cracking furnaces to Kazanorgsintez Aof several technology licensing Prime-G+TM unit with a designed with successful startup and operation. agreements with Pertamina for its capacity of 48 000 bpd to produce This furnace type is particularly suitable major expansion project to upgrade ultra clean gasoline. for cracking high capacity, low cost residue into gasoline in Balikpapan and The Cilacap project consists of a ethane and propane gas feedstock. for a new middle distillate 36 000 bpd grassroots Prime-D Technip's operating centre in hydrotreater in Cilacap, to comply (distillate hydrotreater) unit, allowing Zoetermeer, the Netherlands, will with new regulations. the production of ultra low sulfur execute the project, which is The Balikpapan project consists of diesel. scheduled for mechanical completion a grassroots resid FCC unit (R2RTM) with The integration of Axens’ suite of in 2018. a designed capacity of 90 000 bpd, a technologies, from the state of the art Technip is the world's largest liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sulfur resid FCC to the production of ultra ethylene licensor and contractor. Its removal unit (SulfrexTM), a propylene clean fuels thanks to technologies SMK coil technology has been applied recovery unit (PRU) as well as a new such as Prime-G+ and Prime-D, will in more than 100 installations around 80 000 bpd middle distillate enable Pertamina to significantly the world, providing reliable, flexible hydrotreater (Prime-DTM). The gasoline reduce Indonesia’s dependence on and highly selective solutions to produced by the resid FCC unit will be foreign imports of transportation fuels. improve operational efficiency. Argentina | Hydrogen production project
ir Liquide has announced a new Expected to start operations by environmental standards for cleaner Ainvestment for Axion Energy the second half of 2018, the new SMR transportation fuels. Argentina, a subsidiary of Bridas will supply additional hydrogen and Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of the Corporation and a leading refiner in steam to Axion Energy. The hydrogen production process, will also be Argentina, to expand its long term supplied by Air Liquide will be used to marketed for use by numerous local supply of hydrogen. Air Liquide will meet Axion’s increased needs for its customers. invest approximately €55 million in refinery processes, supporting its The new SMR will be designed a second hydrogen production unit recent investments to expand and supplied by Air Liquide’s (steam methane reformer – SMR) operations in Campana. Engineering & Construction teams, for Axion in Campana, Buenos Aires, Hydrogen used in the petroleum offering energy efficiency as well as which will raise the hydrogen refining process will allow for the optimal reliability and safety, and production capacity of the site to reduction of the sulfur content of the will be owned and operated by 37 400 Nm³/hr. produced fuels and meet the Air Liquide.
HYDROCARBON 5 November 2016 ENGINEERING WORLD NEWS IN BRIEF USA | Alliance agreement B&I has signed a long term alliance another step in the companies' long usa Cagreement with Haldor Topsoe, a history of technology collaboration. CB&I has been awarded a five year contract leading catalyst and technology The alliance further expands CB&I's renewal, valued at approximately US$350 million, provider, that will expand CB&I's portfolio by leveraging eight additional for maintenance, turnarounds and capital licensing position for syngas Haldor Topsoe technologies, while construction for a major refinery in the Midwest. opportunities. capitalising on the company's This award extends the company's 25 plus As part of the agreement, CB&I will engineering, procurement and year relationship with the customer, and it will promote Haldor Topsoe's licensed construction (EPC) expertise. continue to provide sustainable value through syngas-based technologies, which The companies previously improved reliability and performance. complement CB&I's existing announced a technology bundling technology portfolio. CB&I will also award for the Pertamina refinery the netherlands work with Haldor Topsoe on the upgrade, which will use CB&I's CDAlky® A partnership consisting of AkzoNobel, Van engineering, procurement and advanced sulfuric acid alkylation Gansewinkel, Air Liquide, AVR, Enerkem and the construction of plants in technology and Haldor Topsoe's Wet COMPLETE SOLUTIONS FOR Port of Rotterdam announced that it is looking North America. The move represents Gas Sulfuric Acid (WSA) technology. to build a waste to chemicals plant in Rotterdam YOUR REFINERY CHALLENGES in collaboration with the City of Rotterdam, the Australia | LNG programme completion province of South Holland and InnovationQuarter. The facility will produce methanol from synthesis ollowing a six year global design and history. The three facilities have the Today’s Refinery Challenges gas generated from residual waste. This marks the Fconstruction effort, Bechtel has combined capacity to supply Processing tight oil beginning of a new phase during which the parties announced that it has completed 25 million tpy of LNG – equal to about will work together optimising and completing the construction of the Curtis Island LNG 8% of the world’s production. Managing stringent sulfur limits feasibility of the business case, which includes the programme, with Australia Pacific LNG Design and construction of the Monetizing orphan streams selection of the exact location and the start of starting sustained production from three LNG plants was a global effort the application process for the necessary permits. Train 2 of its facility. Bechtel has now that peaked at more than Upgrading residuals delivered all six LNG production trains 30 000 people across seven countries to three customers – QGC, on four continents, including at CB&I’s Comprehensive Solutions finland Santos GLNG and Australia Pacific LNG one point employing almost Neste Jacobs and Borealis have signed an – on Curtis Island, off the shore of 14 500 colleagues in Gladstone alone. CB&I’s broad portfolio of both refining and petrochemical technologies, agreement for Neste Jacobs to perform the Queensland, just north of the city of Execution of the programme included energy screening for all production units at the combined with our execution expertise, will help you maximize processing Gladstone. direct-hire construction on Borealis site in Porvoo, Finland. Neste Jacobs will flexibility and achieve margin benefits in the widest range of scenarios. The three simultaneous Curtis Island and modularisation of utilise its unique NJe2 technology, part of the construction programmes are part of major plant components in company's proprietary NAPCON offering for the the largest concentration of Bechtel‑operated yards in Indonesia, project. The project will start in Autumn 2016 and We are with you through every stage of the process plant life cycle, from private‑capital investment in Australia’s the Philippines and Thailand. the recommendations will be implemented in the feasibility studies to identifying plant optimization and upgrade solutions, upcoming projects. Venezuela | Modular construction project through technology selection, full-scope EPFC, commissioning and start-up. india ison Offshore & Marine Ltd has pipe racks and equipment modules. PROCESS PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Ducon Technologies (I) Pvt. Ltd (DTIPL) has Wannounced its final delivery of Project scope covers the fabrication of secured a pet coke pipe conveyor contract from the key modularised components a total of 94 modules up to the size of LICENSED TECHNOLOGIES AND CATALYSTS Indian Oil Corporation Ltd for the Guwahati construction project for Petróleos de 30 m x 10 m x 17 m each, with a total FULL-SCOPE EPFC SERVICES refinery in a national competitive bidding process. Venezuela S.A.'s (PDVSA's) RPLC refinery weight of 26 000 t. The modules were The scope of this turnkey contract also includes plant, following the load out of the last delivered in nine batches. All modules PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSULTING conveying of lime, fly ash and bed ash handling batch of modules. will be used in 11 parts of the refinery, AFTERMARKET SERVICES for the new boiler being installed at the refinery. The project was awarded to Wison including the hydrogen treatment Ducon will provide the complete hazard and by the Hyundai-Wison consortium, facilities, the vacuum distillation unit, operability (HAZOP) study, basic and detailed consisting of Hyundai Engineering & the cooling water system unit, the engineering, and all equipment for disciplines such Construction, Hyundai Engineering and wastewater system unit and the flare as civil, structural, piping, mechanical, electrical Wison Engineering, for the supply of system unit. The project was executed and instrumentation. key modularised components, including over the course of 20 months. A World of Solutions Visit www.CBI.com November 2016 6 HYDROCARBON 20M092016H ENGINEERING
cbi_he_ad_nov_2016.indd 1 10/12/2016 4:36:46 PM COMPLETE SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR REFINERY CHALLENGES
Today’s Refinery Challenges Processing tight oil Managing stringent sulfur limits Monetizing orphan streams Upgrading residuals CB&I’s Comprehensive Solutions CB&I’s broad portfolio of both refining and petrochemical technologies, combined with our execution expertise, will help you maximize processing flexibility and achieve margin benefits in the widest range of scenarios.
We are with you through every stage of the process plant life cycle, from feasibility studies to identifying plant optimization and upgrade solutions, through technology selection, full-scope EPFC, commissioning and start-up.
PROCESS PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT LICENSED TECHNOLOGIES AND CATALYSTS FULL-SCOPE EPFC SERVICES PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSULTING AFTERMARKET SERVICES
A World of Solutions Visit www.CBI.com 20M092016H
cbi_he_ad_nov_2016.indd 1 10/12/2016 4:36:46 PM ProfitableHydrocracking Ad DD.pdf 1 1/19/15 2:06 PM
WORLD NEWS IN BRIEF Indonesia | LNG regasification project BR, Inc. has announced the award of a subsequent implementation phases to kuwait Kpre-front end engineering and design meet a throughput capacity of SPIE Oil & Gas Services has been awarded a five (FEED) study for PT Australasia LNG 3 million tpy. The terminal could potentially year contract with Kuwait National Petroleum Indonesia's (AALNG) new proposed be expanded by adding more LNG regas Company (KNPC) for its Clean Fuels Project (CFP), LNG Hub terminal in Probolinggo, East Java. trains and LNG storage to meet future a major upgrade of KNPC's flagship refineries to This is KBR's first contract with AALNG. demands in the East Java region. This work meet future diversified market requirements for Under the terms of the contract, KBR is expected to be performed over 10 weeks, petroleum products. SPIE has begun work on the will provide a pre-FEED study for the with KBR performing the pre-FEED study five year contract, which will involve providing onshore LNG regasification and truck through an integrated team led by LNG commissioning management and support services loading distribution facilities of AALNG's expertise from KBR's London office, with at both the Mina Al Ahmadi (MAA) and Mina proposed LNG Hub terminal. The pre-FEED support from KBR's Jakarta office and its Abdullah (MAB) refineries. study will be further developed for Granherne subsidiary. USA | belgium Major logistics assets acquisition C
Praxair, Inc. has started up its second air separation M plant and is extending its pipeline system in the hillips 66 Partners LP has reached an product takeaway transportation services Y Port of Antwerp, one of the largest petrochemical Pagreement with Phillips 66 to acquire for the Billings refinery; a refined products 30 crude, refined products and natural gas and NGL terminal (2 million bbls) system production complexes in the world. The 1300 tpd CM liquids (NGL) logistics assets for a total that provides storage services for plant increases Praxair’s oxygen and nitrogen MY capacity in the port and will support customers consideration of US$1.3 billion. The Phillips 66’s Bayway refinery; a crude with long term contracts. The new facility also transaction is anticipated to close this pipeline (1089 miles) and terminal CY month, subject to satisfaction of (400 000 bbls) system that provides crude produces liquid oxygen, nitrogen and argon that CMY customary closing conditions. The supply for the Phillips 66-operated Borger will meet customer demand in Belgium and the K Netherlands. Praxair has also started construction transaction includes the following assets: refinery; and a refined products pipeline of additional oxygen and nitrogen pipeline a crude pipeline (503 miles) and terminal (33% undivided interest in a 102 mile extensions on the east and west banks of the port, (1.7 million bbls) system providing crude segment and 54% undivided interest in a which are due to be finished by the end of 2016. supply for Phillips 66’s Ponca City refinery; 19 mile segment of a 121 mile pipeline, as a refined products and NGL pipeline well as 50% interest in a 293 mile pipeline) (524 miles) and terminal (1.7 million bbls) and terminal (700 000 bbls) system that usa system that provides product takeaway provides product takeaway transportation Clariant has announced the official opening of transportation services for the Ponca City services for the Borger refinery. its new polypropylene (PP) catalyst production refinery; a crude pipeline (623 miles) and The terms of the transaction were facility in Louisville, Kentucky. The new plant, terminal (570 000 bbls) system that approved by the board of directors of the developed and implemented in cooperation with provides crude supply for Phillips 66’s general partner of Phillips 66 Partners, CB&I, makes the Louisville site Clariant’s largest US Billings refinery, consisting of a 79% based on the approval and production hub for catalysts and marks a further undivided interest; a refined products recommendation of its conflicts investment by Clariant to accelerate growth in pipeline (342 miles) and terminal committee, comprised solely of North America. (386 000 bbls) system that provides independent directors. india Singapore | Refinery FEED contract For seven decades we've helped feedstock processors enhance profits with GAIL (India) Limited has successfully started its responsive—andwith responsive—and responsible responsible—recovery—recovery and refiningand refining of PGMs of PGMs from fromspent TM first 400 000 tpy UNIPOL polyethylene (PE) mec Foster Wheeler has been awarded include a hazard and operability study hydrocrackingspent hydrocracking catalysts. catalysts. Tell us what we can do for you at sabinmetal.com process line. The total production capacity of Aa contract by Singapore Refining Co. to (HAZOP) and constructability studies. An GAIL’s petrochemical plant at Pata is 810 000 tpy. undertake front end engineering and design engineering, procurement, and Tell us what we can do for you at sabinmetal.com GAIL’s flexible high density polyethylene (FEED) and detailed engineering services for construction management (EPCM) Profitable hydrocracking/hydrocarbon processing (HDPE)/linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) the upgrade of the company's crude and schedule will also be developed. swing plant provides access to a full range of vacuum heater efficiency in Jurong Island, SRC operates one of the refineries in starts and ends with Sabin Metal worldwide resin applications, which will allow GAIL and its Singapore. Singapore Refining Co. is a joint Singapore, with a processing capacity of customers to capture new market opportunities venture between Singapore Petroleum Co. 290 000 bpd of crude oil, producing as PE market demands are changing. and Chevron. mainly fuel products that are distributed The scope of the contract will both to domestic and overseas markets.
November 2016 8 HYDROCARBON ENGINEERING ProfitableHydrocracking Ad DD.pdf 1 1/19/15 2:06 PM
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
For seven decades we've helped feedstock processors enhance profits with withresponsive—and responsive—and responsible responsible—recovery—recovery and refiningand refining of PGMs of PGMs from fromspent spenthydrocracking hydrocracking catalysts. catalysts. Tell us what we can do for you at sabinmetal.com Tell us what we can do for you at sabinmetal.com Profitable hydrocracking/hydrocarbon processing starts and ends with Sabin Metal worldwide WORLD NEWS DIARY DATES API | US petroleum demand statistics otal petroleum deliveries in Total motor gasoline deliveries moved up 14 - 16 November TSeptember increased 1.0% from 1.1% from September 2015 to nearly ERTC 21st Annual Meeting September 2015, but were down 2.6% 9.4 million bpd – the highest September Epic Sana Hotel, Lisbon, Portugal from August to average 19.6 million bpd, deliveries on record. Tel: +44 (0)207 384 8013 according to the American Petroleum US crude oil production declined 8.9% Email: [email protected] Insitute (API). These September deliveries from year ago levels. However, at an were the highest deliveries for the month average of 8.6 million bpd, domestic crude 14 - 17 November in nine years, since 2007. For 3Q16, total oil production in September increased by API Fall Refining and Equipment Standards Meeting Hyatt Regency New Orleans, Louisiana petroleum deliveries decreased by 0.1% 0.8% from August – the first month over Tel: 202-682-8195 from the same period last year. For year to month increase in six months. Compared Email: [email protected] date, total domestic petroleum deliveries with year to date 2015, domestic crude oil remained flat compared to the same production declined 6.1%. Compared to INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 16 - 17 November period last year. 3Q15, crude oil production decreased 8.5% Tank Storage Germany Gasoline deliveries in September were for 3Q16. September crude oil production Hamburg Messe, Germany up from the prior year, the prior year’s was the third highest level for the month Tel: +44 (0)20 8843 8800 third quarter, and the prior year to date, and the second highest year to date level Email: [email protected] but were down from the prior month. in 31 years, since 1985. 29 November - 1 December While designing and manufacturing the highest accuracy Valve World Expo UKPIA | Priorities for Brexit negotiations Messe Düsseldorf, Germany meters in the industry, Brodie also provides complete Tel: +49 (0)211 4560-541 he UK Petroleum Industry Association meaningful strategy for the future will be Email: [email protected] T(UKPIA) has published its latest report, the creation of an environment where solutions for metering applications such as... 'Fuelling the UK’s Economic Engine', which industry can deliver and thrive, getting 22 - 24 January sets out the key priorities for the the nation’s energy policy right, Middle East Refining Technology Conference downstream oil sector for a new recognising the strategic value of the Manama, Bahrain relationship with the EU and for a downstream oil sector, today and in Tel: +971 4 435 6101 meaningful industrial and energy strategy years to come, and realising a secure • Truck loading/unloading systems Email: [email protected] that works for the whole UK. energy future through a clear, stable and • Ship loading/unloading systems Chris Hunt, Director General of well designed legal, fiscal and regulatory 12 - 15 February UKPIA, said: “Essential to achieving a framework.” Middle East Sulphur 2017 • Rail car loading/unloading systems Jumeirah at Etihad Towers, Abu Dhabi, UAE • Pipeline metering systems Tel: +44 (0) 20 7903 2444 IEA | Energy efficiency gains Email: [email protected] • Blending systems s governments focus on component. Energy intensity – the 20 - 21 February Aimplementing their commitments to amount of energy used per unit of GDP 8th International Gas Technology Conference save energy and reduce carbon emissions – improved by 1.8% last year, meaning the Madinat Jumeirah, Dubai under the recently ratified Paris global economy needed less energy to Brodie’s scope of system integration includes Tel: +971 (0)4 421 4642 agreement, the new 'Energy Efficiency grow. The improvement exceeded the Email: [email protected] Market Report 2016' from the 1.5% gain of 2014, and was triple the 21 - 23 February International Energy Agency (IEA) has average rate seen over the past decade. • Consulting International Petroleum Week 2017 highlighted the progress made by energy Last year’s gains were achieved in spite of Grosvenor House Hotel, London efficiency policies around the world over lower energy prices, which generally • Design Tel: +44 (0)20 7467 7100 the past year, particularly in China and dampen the enthusiasm for energy Contact: Email: [email protected] other emerging economies. savings. • Meter component manufacturing T: +1 912 489 0200 The role of energy efficiency in the However, the report also shows that E: [email protected] 21 - 23 February global energy transition is examined in the while much has been accomplished, • Fabrication of complete skid ME-TECH 2017 report, which finds that its importance global progress is still too slow. Global www.brodieintl.com Madinat Jumeirah, Dubai cannot be overstated. Simply put, there is energy intensity improvements need to • Testing, calibrating and providing Factory Tel: +971 (0)4 421 4642 no realistic or affordable energy and reach at least 2.6% per year to put the P.O. Box 450 (30459-0450) Email: [email protected] climate change policy without a sizeable world on a sustained pathway for a Acceptance Test (FAT) on Brodie’s premises and vigorous energy efficiency decarbonised energy system. 19267 Highway 301 North • Commissioning on site Statesboro, GA 30461, USA
November 2016 10 HYDROCARBON ENGINEERING INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
While designing and manufacturing the highest accuracy meters in the industry, Brodie also provides complete solutions for metering applications such as...
• Truck loading/unloading systems • Ship loading/unloading systems • Rail car loading/unloading systems • Pipeline metering systems • Blending systems
Brodie’s scope of system integration includes
• Consulting • Design Contact: • Meter component manufacturing T: +1 912 489 0200 • Fabrication of complete skid E: [email protected] www.brodieintl.com • Testing, calibrating and providing Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) on Brodie’s premises P.O. Box 450 (30459-0450) 19267 Highway 301 North • Commissioning on site Statesboro, GA 30461, USA Valentin Kotlomin, Euro Petroleum Consultants, reviews the history of the oil refining sector in Europe's Balkan region, and the recent developments being implemented to meet modern European industrial standards. ON THE CROSSROADS
November 2016 12 HYDROCARBON ENGINEERING he various Balkan countries that are discussed around 50 million tpy. The subsequent events – the in this article may seem similar, yet they have countries distancing from ‘building communism’, the profound social, economic and cultural break up of Yugoslavia and economic recession – all differences. Among the few things they do led to a drop in refining throughput (about Thave in common is their communist past, which started 20 million tpy over the past few years). The following at the end of World War II and ended in the early 1990s sections look at the historical background, the when the Soviet Union collapsed. Throughout this dynamics and the current state of the oil refining period, the countries’ economies were under strong industry in such countries as Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, influence from the USSR – this, obviously, left a strong Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Former Yugoslav Republic imprint on the oil refining industry as well. In the late of Macedonia (FYROM), Albania and Slovenia. 1980s to early 1990s, the heyday of the industry, cumulative capacity of the local refineries constituted Romania 10% of refining in Europe, and refining throughput was The Romanian oil industry has a long history. Back in the mid-19th century, Ploesti, a region located between the Carpathians and Danube, was one of the global oil production and refining centres. Romanian refining peaked in 1989 at over 30 million t. At the end of that same year a popular uprising began, which ended in the
The Parliament Palace in Bucharest City, Romania.
HYDROCARBON 13 November 2016 ENGINEERING Petrobrazi has reached a steady throughput of 3.7 - 3.9 million tpy. Another major player in the Romanian refining sector is KMG International (KMGI), the owner of two integrated refineries, Petromidia and Vega, with capacities of 5 million and 500 000 tpy, respectively. The company received its current name in 2014 – before that it was called Rompetrol. Rompetrol’s acquisition by KazMunaiGas, the national oil and gas company of Kazakhstan, marked a major milestone in the company’s Figure 1. Refining throughput in ex-communist Balkan history. Since 2009, KMG has been the sole shareholder countries (million tpy). of Rompetrol. Of all the refineries in the region, Petromidia is one of the most modern, with construction completed in Table 1. Refining throughput in ex-communist 1979. A modernisation programme that lasted from Balkan countries 2006 to 2012, and cost US$380 million, made the 1990 2013 refinery’s position even stronger. Thus, as per the 2015 Romania 23.7 million tpy 9.4 million tpy results, it was Petromidia that refined almost 50% of all Bulgaria 8.3 million tpy 5.6 million tpy the crude processed in Romania. As for Vega, it was transformed from a conventional refinery into a Croatia 6.9 million tpy 3.0 million tpy speciality products plant producing bitumen, Serbia 4.9 million tpy 2.7 million tpy solvents, etc. Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.0 million tpy 1.0 million tpy In April 2016, China Energy Company Limited (CEFC) Former Yugoslav Republic of 1.2 million tpy 60 000 tpy signed a memorandum of understanding to purchase a Macedonia 51% stake in KMGI for US$680 million. Albania 1.1 million tpy 40 000 tpy Another example of a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) investor obtaining a share in Slovenia 500 000 tpy 0 the Romanian oil refining industry is the Russian Source: IEA independent oil and gas company Lukoil and the Petrotel refinery. Lukoil has been growing its interest in overthrowing of the socialist regime. The several steps. In 1998 it acquired a 62% stake in the post‑communist upheaval led to a considerable drop in refinery, which had a capacity of 4.5 million tpy, for refining throughput – only around 10 million tpy over merely US$53 million. Currently, Lukoil’s interest in the last few years. The Romanian refining sector is Petrotel is over 97%. comprised of 10 plants, with capacities of 500 000 to The initial entering price was that low for a reason 5 million tpy, yet most of the smaller refineries have – the refinery asked for sizable investment. From been closed down, or are operated at a very small mid-2001 until the end of 2004 the refinery was out of capacity utilisation. operation – it was undergoing modernisation that cost Romania, like many other countries in the region, has around US$121 million and involved the construction of a national oil company, Petrom. At the end of 2004, an an FCC gasoline hydrotreating unit and isomerisation Austrian oil company, OMV, acquired 51% of Petrom and unit. The next step of modernisation, spanning from January 2010 the company has been called 2005 - 2014, cost Lukoil US$540 million and made it OMV Petrom. Initially Petrom operated two refineries, possible for the refinery to produce Euro 5 fuel. At Petrobrazi and Arpechim, with 4.5 and 3.5 million tpy of present, Petrotel has an estimated throughput of capacity, respectively; however, in 2012, Arpechim 2.4 million tpy. Though this performance is quite stable, ceased to operate for economic reasons. it is rumoured at times that Lukoil is planning to quit its With OMV as majority shareholder, the company Romanian business – a series of conflicts between the focused on upgrading Petrobrazi. During the 2005 - 2015 company and the Romanian state authorities appear to period, total investment amounted to € 1.2 billion. fuel these speculations. Initial investment aimed at improving the quality of Yet another example of Former Soviet Union (FSU) motor fuels produced and bringing them up to Euro 5 investors taking interest in the Romanian refining standard – therefore, the revamping of the diesel industry is Onesti, a refinery with a production capacity hydrotreatment unit and the construction of a new of 3.5 million tpy. In 2007 the 98% stake held by RAFO, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline hydrotreating the refinery’s owner, was acquired by Austrian company unit. Larger scale investment followed with new Petrochemical Holding GmbH, with Yakov Goldovskiy, a construction, including the revamping of a crude oil Russian businessman, as its ultimate beneficiary. distillation unit (CDU)/vacuum distillation unit (VDU), Goldovskiy is a well known figure in the Russian delayed coking unit (DCU), FCC unit and other facilities, petrochemical industry. In the late 1990s he co-founded as well as improving the plant in terms of energy the Russian petrochemical major Sibur and, since 1999, efficiency and environmental friendliness. Lately, he has been the chief executive officer (CEO) of the
November 2016 14 HYDROCARBON ENGINEERING Latest News CADWorx® 2017 Plant Professional
UP TO 30% ANOTHER MONTHLY GAIN FOR US SPECIALITY CHEMICALS FASTER The Speciality Chemicals Market Volume Index, a tool created by the American Chemistry Council (ACC), showed that US speciality chemicals market volumes MODELING rose 0.3% in September. This follows a revised 0.1% gain in August and 0.3% gain in July. All changes in the data are reported on a three month moving average (3MMA) & SMARTER basis. DESIGN PETROBRAS TO SELL OKINAWA REFINERY Intergraph® CADWorx Plant Professional Petrobras has announced that its Board of Directors has approved the sale of 100% makes the creation of intelligent plant of the shares of Nansei Seikyu (NSS) to the Taiyo Oil Company. NSS is a company designs quick and easy. It has helped firms wholly owned by Petrobras International Braspetro – PIB BV located on Okinawa produce the high-quality deliverables their customers have come to rely on for over Island in Japan. It has a refinery with a processing capacity of 100 000 bpd and fifteen years. 36 tanks that store 9.5 million bbls of oil and oil products. Capabilities QATARGAS AND PETRONAS SIGN LNG AGREEMENT • AutoCAD®-Based Qatargas has announced the signing of a new five year LNG sale and purchase • Intelligent 3D Piping Design • Specification-driven Design agreement (SPA) with Petronas LNG UK Limited (PLUK). Under the terms of the new • On-the-fly Collision Checking SPA, Qatargas will deliver LNG to PLUK until 31 December 2023, an extension of its • Structural Steel current contract due to expire on 31 December 2018. The LNG will be supplied from • Equipment Qatargas 4 (Train 7), a joint venture between Qatar Petroleum and Shell. • Ducting/Cable Trays • ISOGEN Isometrics • P&ID Creation and Links ENER-CORE DELIVERS TO TO PACIFIC ETHANOL BIOREFINERY • Links to Stress Analysis • Design Review Ener-Core, Inc. has delivered two of its 2 MW sized power oxidisers to the Stockton biorefinery site owned by Pacific Ethanol (PEIX). The shipment is a www.intergraph.com/go/cadworx milestone for Ener-Core, having deployed a commercial scale-up of the power capacity of the power oxidiser technology from 250kW - 2 MW over the last 18 months.
©2016 Intergraph Corporation. All rights reserved. Intergraph is part of Hexagon. Intergraph and the Intergraph logo are For further information go to: registered trademarks of Intergraph Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and in other countries. AutoCAD is a registered www.hydrocarbonengineering.com trademark of Autodesk, Inc. company. At the beginning of 2002 Goldovskiy was company Gazprom Neft. In March 2011 Gazprom Neft detained and subsequently passed control of the increased its interest in NIS to over 56%. company over to Gazprom. In 2009 - 2012 Gazprom Neft invested € 540 million However, the interest in RAFO does not seem to in the Serbian refining industry. Most of the investment have worked. Since 2008 the refinery has been out of went into the construction of a hydrocracking and operation for economic reasons, and it appears that the distillates hydrotreating complex at Pancevo. The company failed to attract major investment for its complex was launched in 2012, thus making it possible modernisation. In June 2016, some media reports for the refinery to produce Euro 5 fuels and increase its indicated that the Onesti refinery had been sold to an conversion rate. The throughput went up as well, from Austrian company, Andres Capital GmbH, controlled by a 2.3 - 2.4 million tpy in 2011 - 2012 to 3.1 - 3.3 million tpy group of Moldovan investors. It is currently unclear in 2013 - 2015. whether the new owners will manage to breathe life into The second modernisation stage that has been the plant. announced for Pancevo is a project to increase the conversion rate, with a DCU at its core. In March 2015, Bulgaria NIS contracted CB&I for technology licensing and In the Soviet era, the relationship between the project front end engineering design (FEED). The Soviet Union and Bulgaria was so close that the latter finalisation date is set for 2020. was almost considered a 16 th republic of the USSR. Obviously, this had an impact on the Bulgarian refining Croatia industry. In 1964, the Burgas refinery was put on stream After the break up of Yugoslavia, Croatia received a with the assistance of Soviet specialists. Later it was large portion of its refining assets – the plants in Rijeka developed into a refining and petrochemical hub on and Sisak, which have capacities of 4.5 and 2.2 million, the Black Sea coast. The golden age of the refinery respectively, and are integrated into the Adria pipeline came in the late 1980s – refining throughput amounted system connecting the refineries to the Port of Omisalj to 14 million tpy. In the 1990s, annual throughput varied in the Adriatic Sea. greatly and capacities were selectively put out of The refineries are owned by INA. The company’s operation to improve the plant’s economic history began in 1964 with the integration of two performance. refineries and an oil and gas production company 1999 was a milestone year in the history of the called Naftaplin Zagreb. In 2003 INA and MOL, its Burgas refinery, as it became part of the Lukoil Group. Hungarian oil and gas ‘neighbour’, formed a strategic As Lukoil gained control over the refinery it embarked partnership whereby MOL acquired ‘25% plus one upon a modernisation programme aimed at increasing share’ in INA for US$505 million. This happened to be energy efficiency, improving environmental friendliness, just the first step – over the following 10 years MOL and bringing motor fuel production up to current grew its share in INA to over 49%. European standards. Throughput stabilised at In 2011 the Rijeka refinery finalised its 5.8 - 6.4 million tpy. modernisation. Following the construction and launch Another pivotal modernisation goal was to increase of a soft hydrocracking complex, all of the motor fuels the conversion rate, since all it had then in terms of produced were up to Euro 5 standards. The Sisak residue conversion was a visbreaker and bitumen refinery was also modernised: in 2009 it launched an production. In the mid-2000s the decision was taken to FCC gasoline hydrotreating unit, and in 2011 an construct a residue conversion complex, with a isomerisation unit. 2.5 million tpy residue hydrocracking unit (H-Oil process) In February 2014 a contract for the basic design of a at its core. Construction finished in mid-2015. Operation DCU for the Rijeka refinery was signed with Bechtel of the complex, as expected, will make it possible to Hydrocarbon Technical Solutions. The expected process more third party fuel oil, and to increase light amount of investment is around € 300 - 350 million. product yield by 20%. Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia The only refinery in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in Whilst on the topic of Russian investments into the the vicinity of Bosanski Brod, may well be one with the region, it is imperative to take a closer look at Serbia. most dramatic history in the region. The first train of After Yugoslavia broke up, it became apparent that the refinery, with a capacity of 1.2 million tpy, was built Serbia had two refineries on its territory, Pancevo and in 1968. Although the refinery’s primary distillation Novi Sad, with 5.4 and 3 million tpy of capacity, capacity was rather small, it operated a vacuum gas oil respectively. Both refineries were built in 1968. Aside (VGO) hydrocracking unit that provided for high light from local crude, the facilities could obtain their product yield, as well as low sulfur residue. The latter feedstock via the Adria pipeline. In 2009, as per the was further processed into high quality base oils and intergovernmental agreement between Serbia and lubricants at a local motor oil plant. In 1990 the second Russia, a 51% stake in the state-owned Naftna Industrija train was constructed with a capacity of 3 million tpy. Srbije (NIS), the company that controlled all of Serbia’s The refinery possessed good feedstock logistics, since petroleum assets, was sold to Russia’s state-owned oil it was tied into the Adria pipeline system.
November 2016 16 HYDROCARBON ENGINEERING Further development of the plant was stopped due to the Balkans war – located right on the border between Croatia and the Republika Srpska, the refinery found itself almost in the eye of the storm. The new train was never put on stream. The pipeline system and railroad facilities passed into the control of Croatia. Pursuant to that, the refinery resumed operations only in 2000. The refinery entered a new development stage in 2007, when Neftegazinkor, a 100% subsidiary of Russian state-owned company Zarubezhneft, became the majority shareholder of the plant. Upon completion of the modernisation programme, the refinery managed to achieve throughput of 900 000 - 1.2 million tpy and start producing Euro 5 diesel and high octane gasolines, yet remains unprofitable. Thus, it seems that S Zarubezhneft’s activity in Bosnia and Herzegovina is still a political project, with Russia lending a hand to a friendly state, the Republika Srpska. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
The only Macedonian refinery located near the state capital, Skopje, was ... built in 1982 with active support from Soviet specialists. The refinery’s capacity is 2.5 million tpy, yet over the 25 years capacity utilisation has remained at 50% or less. The refinery belongs to OKTA. Since 1999 OKTA’s majority shareholder has P been EL.P.ET. Balkaniki, a subsidiary of Greek oil group Hellenic Petroleum. As it acquired OKTA, Hellenic Petroleum embarked upon a programme to integrate the Macedonian refinery with the HELPE refinery, located in Thessaloniki, through the construction of a 210 km long pipeline. The pipeline was put on stream in 2002. Aside from pipeline construction, there was a refinery modernisation programme that spanned 2000 - 2007 and cost around US$60 million, which aimed to improve the quality of the fuels produced. Over the last few years the OKTA refinery’s performance has been far from stable – in 2013 the refinery experienced a shutdown and processed merely 60 000 t of crude. In 2014 it resumed operations, yet the financial gaps.hoerbiger.com result of the year was negative. In 2015 OKTA regained profitability and its ... 2016 results also look promising. Albania The Albanian refining industry is comprised of two plants, in Ballshi and in Fier, which have capacities of 1 million and 500 000 tpy, respectively. Over the last few years, the Ballshi refinery remained idle, while the Fier refinery kept operating, although at extremely low capacity utilisation – in 2013 it only managed to process 40 000 t of crude. In February 2016 the owner of the Fier refinery, ARMO, made an attempt to sell it for €20 million through an organised auction, but failed. According to company data, it only had a single call – someone from abroad requested GA additional information. Slovenia The Slovenian refining industry consists of a single refinery with 700 000 tpy of capacity that was operated until 2000. In 2015 the owner of the refinery, a ... state energy holding Nafta Lendava, sold it to US Methanol Corporation for a mere €5.6 million. It is likely that the new owner will dismantle the plant and sell off the equipment that is still operational. Conclusion The oil refining industry in each of the countries discussed has experienced some challenging periods, had its fair share of drama (and even detective plots), and each one is worthy of its own separate article. Yet the pivotal factor that drives the development of these industries is their desire to integrate into modern Europe through the rationalisation of facilities, improvement of health, safety and environment (HSE) standards, implementation of modernisation programmes to bring products up to the current European standards, and the enhancement of operational activities.
325037_Hoerbiger_AZ_Gaps_Hydrocarbon Engineering_68x297mm_V01.indd14.10.16 1 12:46 REGISTRATION NOW OPEN BOOK YOUR PLACE TODAY & JOIN
HOST www.22wpc.com COUNTRY 22wpc2017 SPONSOR NOVEMBER ISSUE
You will need to be a subscriber to read the full edition. Please log in to www.hydrocarbonengineering.com or alternatively, click here to subscribe.
For more information about the comprehensive Hydrocarbon Engineering subscription package, please contact us: www.hydrocarbonengineering.com E: [email protected] T: +44 (0)1252 718999