Newsletter for the August 2001 Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association

Bearing of Steel Studs on Concrete By Dr. Dimos Polyzois, PE, University of Manitoba and Steve Fox, PE, Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute Bearing of Steel Studs 1 on Concrete recently completed series $of preliminary tests con- LGSEA Name Change 1 ducted jointly by the University Edge distance LGSEA Committee Reports 3 of Manitoba and the Canadian 0 ”, 1” and 8” Sheet Steel Building Institute Box Beam under Torsion 4 suggests there is the potential 0.075” steel stud Fire Blocking 5 for a capacity reduction in an axial load bearing stud bearing 0.033” track Research Committee Formed 5 along the edge of a concrete 4 ” concrete slab slab. The tests investigated the COFS Update 6 behavior of axial load bearing Typical Test Set-Up Market Studies Released 6 steel studs on a concrete slab with the objective of determining if (14 gauge), a 0.033 in. thick track (20 the full local buckling capacity (AeFy) gauge) bearing on a 4 in. thick con-

Upcoming Events of the stud could be developed when it crete slab with a compressive strength Upcoming Events was bearing on a concrete slab, and of 4,000 psi. The concrete slab was whether there was any local failure in reinforced with only temperature mesh the concrete. It is anticipated that the and was completely supported during the test. This configuration is not nec- LGSEA Seminars: Practical final results from these tests will pro- Design of Cold-Formed Steel duce a rational design method for this essarily representative of typical con- Honolulu Sept 13 condition (Note: A calculation struction practices and the results Los Angeles Sept 17 method was presented in the October should not be taken out of context. A S.F. Bay Area Sept 18 2000 issue of the LGSEA Newsletter, typical test set-up is shown in the Seattle Sept 19 in an article titled “Approximate Cal- drawing above. Atlanta Dec 12 culation for Allowable Stud Bearing Nashville Dec 13 in Bottom Track Over Concrete”). Test Results: The results showed that Birmingham Dec 14 there is a definite edge effect that in- Info: (202) 263-4486 fluences the capacity of the studs. The Test Configuration: The series of For more information or to tests represent the worst-case assem- studs positioned along the edge of the register, visit bly, which was a 0.075 in. thick stud (Continued on page 2) www.LGSEA.com

Cold-Formed Steel Structures Oct 16-18 LGSEA Studies Possible Name Change - Short Course St. Louis, MO he LGSEA Board of Directors ods. The LGSEA Info: (573) 341-4481 7has begun studying a possible has been an active name change and is asking members supporter and METALCON ‘ 97 Oct 23-25 for their input before a final decision promoter of standardization and for Las Vegas, NV is made. some time the LGSEA Board has con- Info: (617) 965-0055 sidered a name change to help in the LGSEA Meetings Oct 23-25 The LGSEA name was adopted by the effort. One example of one of the de- (in conjunction w/ Metalcon) Board of Directors when the organiza- velopments that has spurred discus- Info: (202) 263-4486 tion was founded in 1994 and re- sion of a name change is the increas- flected the prevailing language of that ing shift away from the use of “gauge” Building Industry Show (BIS) Nov 8-9 time. However, over the past several for describing material thickness as it Long Beach, CA years the cold-formed steel industry is becomes obsolete. Designators now Info: (909) 396-9993 has made huge strides toward the stan- refer to actual sizes in mils (or thou-

dardization of materials and specifica- sands of an inch). There also has tions, nomenclature, and design meth- (Continued on page 7)

Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 1 August 2001

Stud Bearing on Concrete Newsletter for the cont. from page 1 Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association World Class slab exhibited a 15 to 25% lower ca- pacity than the same studs 8 in. away Quality from the edge. There was some ™ spalling along the vertical surface of & the concrete slab adjacent to the studs Service and micro-cracking in the concrete Department Staff under the stud. It is logical to assume that this cracking of the concrete Editor caused a non-uniform bearing stress Dean Peyton, P.E. distribution in the stud, leading to a Seattle, WA lower failure load. The studs located 8 (253) 941-9929 in. away from the edge developed the full post-buckling capacity. The ca- Editorial Board pacity of the assembly will be influ- Steve Walker, P.E. enced by additional factors such as Randy Daudet, P.E., S.E. thicker track, higher concrete com- Reynaud Serrette, Ph.D. pressive strength and reinforcing steel The largest steelmaker in the Western United States Roger LaBoube, Ph.D., P.E. that would normally be present. Addi-

Larry Williams tional testing is required to verify this Ken Vought conclusion, determine the influence of )RU PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQWDFW

other assembly parameters, and de- .HQ 9RXJKW velop appropriate design guidelines. 0DUNHW 'HYHORSPHQW 0DQDJHU Technical Editor 866326&2 ,QGXVWULHV Neal Peterson, P.E. To obtain a copy of the research re-  /RYHULGJH 5RDG port, can be viewed on the University 3LWWVEXUJ &$  Advertising Director of Manitoba web site at   (202) 263-4488 www.umanitoba.ca.ˆ

Membership Director Ken Vought Correction: October 2000 Newsletter Pittsburg, CA (925) 439-6645 This is to notify our readers of correc- ™ tions to an article found on Page 7 of the October 2000 issue of the LGSEA Officers Newsletter ("Approximate Calculation for Allowable Stud Bearing in Bottom

Track Over Concrete”). The chart in President that article contains an error. A re- Pat Ford, P.E. Pewaukee,WI placement Page 7 with corrected text and the accompanying chart can be Vice President downloaded from the “Publications” Randy Daudet, P.E.,S.E. page of the LGSEA Web site "Publications" page on the LGSEA Hammond, IN (LGSEA.com) listed under Newslet- web site (LGSEA.com) and select the ters as “10-2000 errata.” This docu- button as directed. Managing Director ment can be opened using Acrobat Larry W. Williams Reader (.pdf format). If you do not If you would like further information Washington DC, have Acrobat Reader, you can get a please call the LGSEA office at (202) (202) 263-4486 free download by opening the 263-4486. ˆ

Commercial Messages Membership Information To receive the LGSEA Newsletter For information about placing Commercial Messages in this Newsletter and other membership benefits of please contact Larry Williams at (202) 263-4486. Products identified or advertised in this publication are not necessarily endorsed by the Light the LGSEA call (202) 263-4486. Gauge Steel Engineers Association. Such products are identified or provided only as a service to readers.ˆ

Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 2 August 2001 LGSEA Committee Reports sion and scope. The committee deter- Larry Williams, LGSEA Managing Director mined that it would pursue the follow- Three of the four main operating com- Note on Slip Connectors, a section ing objectives during the next 12 mittees of the Light Gauge Steel Engi- on corner connections, and will be months: neers Association have met twice dur- accompanied by a spreadsheet. 1. Development of corrosion require- ing 2001, first in Nashville, TN last ments for fastener design, March and more recently in Las Vegas, Results from re-testing of brake block 2. Review of existing Tech Notes to NV during July. The following is a assemblies was reviewed by Mark ensure they remain current with brief report on their current activities Crawford who outlined some industry and design standards, and near term programs. (NOTE: additional testing that would be 3. Focus on development of informa- Committee Minutes, agendas, and conducted, including: tion and standards for connectors many of the documents referenced here 1. Additional tests to determine yield and connection design. are available for download on the and ultimate strengths of steel “Committees” page of the LGSEA web used, Truss Task Group site: www.LGSEA.com). 2. Results will be calculated using an Chair: Mike Pellock, P.E. alternate factor of safety, Kirk Grundahl of the Steel Truss and Structural Assemblies Committee 3. Additional thicknesses will be Component Association (STCA), Chair: Mark Crawford, S.E. tested, with a series where no lip provided a review of the Quality Members of the committee reviewed is broken into the top of the block. Assurance program for Steel Truss several Technical Notes: Fabricators and asked for guidelines in Fastener/Connector Committee on issues related to design standards. 1. Design Considerations for Flex- Chair: Roger LaBoube, Ph.D., P.E. ural and Lateral-Torsional Brac- The Tech Note on Power Actuated An LGSEA Damage Assessment sub- ing (559) – was released and has Fasteners (562) was reviewed and the committee was created to develop a been published. committee directed for it to be put in a standard that would be referenced by 2. Design Values for Vertical and final format for approval and release at the STCA Quality Assurance Horizontal Lateral Load Systems the next meeting. document. This information developed (558) – an abbreviated version by this sub-committee also would be referencing appropriate tables in During the March meeting of the com- considered for publication as a Tech (Continued on page 7) the UBC and IBC is being re- mittee, Michael viewed by the author and should LaPensee, Vice be published during August. President of 3. Slip Connectors (554) – is being Henrob amended to include top of wall Corporation, gave connections, additional discussion a presentation on of seismic loading, and design self-piercing rivets. examples. Will be reviewed for The subjects possible release by committee at covered included: the next meeting. • Automation 4. Slip Track Connections (544) - Systems and has been discussed and is in devel- basic equip- opment. Content will include ment more in-depth discussion of drift • Current than what is currently in the Tech Applications • Application to 2001 LGSEA light gauge Compas Ad

steel systems Corporate Sponsors • Alpine Engineered Products Research and Testing Cominco Programs— International Zinc Association past and future MiTek Industries • Fatigue North American Steel Performance Framing Alliance Simpson Strong-Tie Company During the July Steel Stud Manufacturer’s meeting, the com- Association mittee held a USS-POSCO Industries roundtable discus- sion about its mis-

Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 3 August 2001 The Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association needs you and your experience. Please mail or fax your opinions, questions, and design details that are relevant to the light gauge industry (fax to (253) 941-9939). Upon editorial staff review your submission may be printed in the Technical Exchange Section of this newsletter.

Test Results for Torsional Loads on Built up Box Beams By Dr. Reynaud Serrette, Santa Clara University

here are several conditions in 7light gauge steel framing where built-up members are used in structural applications. In some of these applications load may be Figure 2. Box beam setup transferred to the built-up member via one of the sections that comprise that member. As a result, the member tends to be eccentrically loaded and its performance will depend on the effectiveness of the connections between adjacent sections and the support conditions at the member bearing ends. Figure 1. Box beam edge loading and load transfer mechanism Some anecdotal evidence of the performance of eccentrically loaded load distribution can lead to a Picture 1. Deformation at beam ends built-up members was presented in the reduction in capacity when compared due to resisting torque October 2000 LGSEA Newsletter. to the sum of capacities of the That article suggested that there is a individual components of that beam. (18Box-T1), 54 mil(16Box-T1), or 68 potential for an unequal distribution of mil (14Box-T1). load to the individual components In a recent series of beam tests at (sections) of built-up beams. The Santa Clara University (SCU), the The beam tests revealed a number of author also indicated that this unequal eccentric load condition of a rafter important behavioral features for box framing over the top edge of a box beams loaded along one edge. Before beam was experimentally investigated. failure, it was apparent that the section As illustrated in Figure 1, under this of the box beam that is loaded directly condition, the degree of load tended to be the primary resisting distribution depends on the member. As load was transferred via the track members to the adjacent sec- Table 1. Overall test results tions, twisting of the box beam be- came evident. Ultimately, failure re- MAXIMUM RESISTING LOAD 1, sulted from twisting of the beam. This TEST SPECIMEN lb. mode of failure is shown in Figure 1. 18BOX-T1 1593 The measured failure loads are given 18BOX-T2 1591 in Table 1. 16-BOX-T1 2768 16BOX-T2 2883 Standardizing the %2;7 3474 For the narrow scope of beams tested 14BOX-T2 3060 a comparison of the tested strengths of Cold-Formed Steel Industry 1 Concentrated load at each third point eccentrically loaded (edge loading) 2 Each Beam Response was an initial unequal beams with the computed values Headquarters Office deflection of the joist components followed by beam twist and local buckling. (concentric loading) suggests that box 8 S. Michigan Avenue., #1000 beams with edge loading may be capa- Chicago, IL 60603 effectiveness of the top and bottom (312) 456-5590 ble of developing their computed ca- FAX: (312) 580-0165 tracks to transfer load from one pacity as if concentrically loaded. E-Mail: [email protected] section to the next. Additional testing is needed for vary- ing track thicknesses and end restraint Technical Services Office The basic setup used in the SCU in- conditions to identify differences be- 245 N.E. Conifer Blvd. vestigation is shown in Figure 2. The tween concentrically loaded computed P.O. Box 1211 test beams were 12 ft. long by 8 in. Corvallis, OR 97339 values and eccentrically loaded tested deep and had a thickness of 43 mil values. ˆ

Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 4 August 2001 1997 UBC Fire Blocking in Steel Framed Wall Construction

he following question is Chapter 7 (Fire-Resistant Materials dwellings, the code permits openings 7frequently posed by engineers and Construction). The fire blocking in walls and ceilings for such and contractors using cold-formed and draft stopping requirements found applications as electrical outlets, light steel: in the 1994 and 1997 UBC remain fixtures and HVAC duct openings. essentially the same as what is found This suggests that it is not the intent Q: Is it necessary to fire block and in the 1991 UBC. of fire blocking to prevent the spread draft stop cold-formed steel framed of fire between occupied spaces or construction? After all, steel is non- The language in UBC Section 708 from an occupied space into combustible. that triggers fire blocking and draft unoccupied spaces such as attics. stopping requirements is “…in A: In a March 2000 response to this combustible construction fire blocking When Fire Blocking is Needed question, the ICBO has indicated that and draft stopping shall be Where a stud cavity consists of no fire blocking is required if the installed…”. Although steel is non- wallboard attached to steel studs the cavity is constructed of non- combustible, much of today’s cold- provisions of Section 708 do not combustible materials. This response formed steel framed construction in apply since the cavity is constructed also included background residential applications is classified as of noncombustible materials and no information that helps clarify this Type VN construction due to the use fire blocking would be required issue and provides designers with of plywood or OSB for floor, roof and between that wall cavity and floor some important guidance. wall structural sheathing and thus spaces or attic spaces. Gypsum confuse some. wallboard meets the definition of non- They noted that when the fire combustible in Section 215. However blocking and draft stopping code Although the intent of the fire if the wall cavity contains provisions were written it was clear blocking is not clear from reading the combustible sheathing such as OSB that the assumption was that all code, some perspective is added by or Plywood, the provisions of 708 framing members were of the Commentary to the 1991 UBC should be applied. In that case the combustible construction since the where it appears that the purpose of typical fire blocking would be mineral provisions were found in the chapter fire blocking is to prevent the or glass fiber batts or blankets. regulating wood construction (Section unnecessary horizontal and upward 2516(f) of the 1991 UBC). When the spread of a fire from combustible Additional information on this subject codes were reformatted in 1994 these concealed spaces to other combustible can be found on the Web at: provisions were administratively framing members. Further, in non- www.steelframingalliance.com/tech/ moved from Chapter 25 (Wood) to rated construction of single-family fireblocking.html. ˆ

New Research Development Committee Formed Practical Design of he LGSEA has added a new tion that did not already exist. The 7committee to its organizational tests will help expand the options open Cold-Formed Steel structure, with the promise of provid- to designers by developing tested val- ing design professionals with solutions ues for the following types of assem- 5'/+0#4 to problems that can only be resolved blies: by research and testing. Members of Wood sheathed shear walls $ GD\ORQJ VHPLQDU RIIHULQJ WLSV the Research Development Committee • Boundary studs / ductility DQG WHFKQLTXHV IRU HQJLQHHULQJ LQ (RDC) include practitioners • Doubled-sided wood sheathing WKH UHDO ZRUOG (engineers and designers), researchers, • Shear blocking for sheet steel manufacturers, code officials and shear walls. &RPLQJ LQ  WR builders who are actively working Gypsum sheathed shear walls +RQROXOX 6HSW  with cold-formed steel. These mem- • Performance of unblocked /RV $QJHOHV 6HSW  bers have been given the responsibil- GWB/GSB shear walls under 6DQ )UDQFLVFR 6HSW  ity of identifying “real world” needs monotonic loading. %D\ $UHD with input from individuals within and • Performance of blocked and un- 6HDWWOH 6HSW  outside of the committee, prioritizing blocked GWB/GSB shear walls $WODQWD 'HF  these needs, soliciting funding, coordi- under reversed cyclic loading. 1DVKYLOOH 'HF  nating research programs, and inter- • Performance of blocked and un- %LUPLQJKDP 'HF  preting and publishing test results. blocked GWB/GSB shear walls The first series of testing programs with alternative fastener sched- For information, or to register, call the to be managed by the RDC were sug- ules. LGSEA at (202) 263-4486, or visit gested by two consulting engineers www.LGSEA.com who have a specific need for informa- (Continued on page 7)

Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 5 August 2001 AISI Committee on Framing Standards Update By Jay Larson, Bethlehem Steel 7he AISI Committee on Framing crease the reliability and cost competi- Standards (COFS) and its sub- tiveness of cold-formed steel framing 6TWUV 8KUKQP )TQYVJ committees met in Las Vegas, NV on in residential and commercial building July 9 and 10, 2001. Significant pro- construction. For more information gress was made at these meetings. about the COFS, please contact the Questions about light Work continued towards the updating Kevin Bielat at AISI (202-452-7215) or gauge steel trusses? of three existing COFS standards on check the AISI website General Provisions, Header Design (http://www.steel.org/construction/fram and Truss Design. These standards are ing/). ˆ We have answers. intended to apply to both engineered and prescriptive designs. The General Three New Market Order your free Provisions document applies to the Design Resource CD today. design, construction and installation of Studies Released Product Descriptions structural and non-structural cold- By NASFA DXF & DWG Details formed steel framing members where Case Histories Guide Specs the specified base metal thickness is he North America Steel Framing ICBO Report between 18 mils and 118 mils. The 7Alliance has release three new NES Report Header Design document applies to market reports on residential steel UL Listings conventional box and back-to-back C- framing offering the latest information section headers, as well as the new about the competitiveness and material TrusSteel Division double L-header beam. The Truss De- performance of cold-formed steel in the Alpine Engineered Products, Inc. sign document applies to design of 888-565-9181 residential market segment. [email protected] cold-formed steel trusses for load car- rying purposes in buildings, as well as “Steel Framing National Market www.TrusSteel.com manufacturing, quality criteria, installa- Share 1997-1999” provides a concise tion and testing as they relate to the overview of the design. Work also continued towards national market the development of a Prescriptive share data for also tallied for 15 different trades in- Method for One and Two Family residential steel cluding HVAC, plumbing and electri- Dwellings, including areas subject to framing, includ- cal. Actual trade labor hours and costs high wind and high seismic. Once ing total market per square foot are provided. completed, the above documents will opportunity, form a solid foundation from which the new housing “Residential Construction Market COFS and the cold-formed steel fram- characteristics, Characteristics” defines and describes ing industry can build. distribution in- the new residen- formation, and a tial construction With the completion of the above ef- comparison of average construction market in the forts rapidly approaching, the COFS costs. Sources include NAHB Re- U.S., providing initiated a process to update their stra- search Center's "Builder Practices Sur- the most recent tegic plan. Input is being solicited to vey" for 1997 through 1999 and the statistics avail- identify standards development and U.S. Census Bureau. able to show research needs, including 1) items number of con- which should be improved in an exist- “Steel & Wood Costs: A Case Study” struction estab- ing COFS standard, 2) items which summarizes the lishments, defi- should be addressed in a new COFS results from a nitions of estab- standard, 3) items which need further time and motion lishments, annual number of housing research, and 4) other items which study completed starts by builder category and type, and should be considered in the COFS stra- in Valparaiso, distribution channels. Consumer pref- tegic plan. Please forward suggestions Indiana, where erences for structural material usage are to Mosunmola Adeboyeku at AISI two identical also included. Sources include (Fax: 202-463-6573 or E-Mail: made- homes were NAHB's "Housing Economics" 10/00 [email protected]). built side-by- issue and NAHB Research Center side, one framed among others. The COFS develops and maintains with steel and consensus standards for cold-formed the other with dimensioned lumber. All three publications can be ordered at steel framing. The COFS mission is to Costs are measured for framing materi- www.steelframingalliance.com. ˆ eliminate regulatory barriers and in- als and labor, and are totaled. Costs are

Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 6 August 2001 Committee Reports Tech Notes, and a draft was re- Continued from page 3 viewed in the July meetings. Note. During the July meetings, the Damage Assessment sub-committee Information about upcoming LGSEA reported that it is developing these meetings is available online at www. ˆ standards in two phases. The standards LGSEA.com. and the STCA Quality Control guide- lines will then be beta-tested in a manu- LGSEA Name Change facturer’s facility. Continued from page 1

Drafts of the following Technical Notes been discussion of dropping were reviewed by the committee: “engineer” from our name to reach a The Ultra-Span system from MiTek offers • Gusset Plate Design (551c) larger segment of the industry. the most versatile structural roof-framing • Permanent Bracing (551a) – product available for commercial and light revisions of both documents were The Board would like to make a deci- industrial structures. Our pre-engineered, reviewed and are posted on the sion whether to change the Associa- pre-fabricated light gauge steel trusses LGSEA Web site. tion’s name and, if so, what it should afford unlimited variety and flexibility in pitched roof and ceiling designs. • Piggyback Trusses (551b) - is being be, but first wants to encourage all developed stand-alone publication, members to weigh in on this subject Ultra-Span trusses are completely non- and that a section on design by voicing their opinions. Please send combustible. And now, with our industry- considerations should be added. any comments to [email protected] first one-hour, one-layer ULR-rated roof • Gable End Design and Bracing A brief note is sufficient, but we want and floor truss assemblies, achieving an (551g) - has been added to the list of to hear from you. ˆ appealing, more fire-resistant structure has never been more cost-effective.

Contact MiTek for the authorized fabricator RDC Committee types of LGSEA members: voting and nearest you. Continued from page 5 corresponding. Voting members will • Among the reasons the commit- have direct responsibility actions MiTek Industries, Inc. tee selected these tests was be- undertaken by the RDC. Corresponding P.O. Box 7359 St. Louis, MO 63177 cause they provide a demonstra- members will receive information 800/325-8075 FAX 314/434-5343 ble benefit to builders through about the ongoing activities of the substantially lower construction committee but they will not be required costs, and aid the steel framing to provide input. Voting members must For more information about the RDC, industry by potentially increas- be approved by a 75 percent majority or to apply for membership, contact the ing the competitiveness of steel of the existing voting members, and Committee Chair, Dean Peyton, at framing. there are specific requirements for (253) 941-9929 or at The committee is comprised of two participation in meetings. [email protected] ˆ

METALCON Goes West to Las Vegas ':*+$+6+105%*'&7.' ETALCON, the steel industry’s struction of a two-story office build- 0largest conference and ing. Tuesday, October 23 exposition, meets this year at the Las 12:00 noon – 5:00 pm Vegas Convention Center (Halls N1 Seminars / Educational Programs and 2) and is expected to attract more Wednesday, October 24 than 8,000 visitors and 700 exhibition During the mornings of each day, 12:00 noon – 5:00 pm booths. On display will be an METALCON will be offering its extensive range of metal construction usual broad array of seminars and Thursday, October 25 products including: flat rolled steel educational programs, covering topics 10:00 am – 3:00 pm products, fasteners, material handling that range from residential roofing and equipment, software, machinery, steel framing techniques, to seismic “Applications,” and a workshop on tools, metal roofing and light gauge design and the market for cold-formed design examples. steel framing companies. steel trusses. The program menu also features several segments from the For more information about call The centerpiece of the exhibit floor new LGSEA seminar Practical Design METALCON at (617) 965-0055 or emphasizes this year’s focus on the of Cold-Formed Steel Structures, in- visit www.metalcon.com, or (202) 263- commercial aspects of the cold- cluding “Commonly Asked Questions 4486 for details about LGSEA- formed steel industry through the con- about the AISI Specification,” sponsored seminars.ˆ

Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 7 August 2001

The LGSEA Newsletter is published by the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association Washington, DC

The statements and opinions contained in this publication are those of the contributors and not necessarily of the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association, nor the contributor’s employer or professional association. This publication is intended to provide a forum for the exchange of relevant information in the industry and the information is made available with the express understanding that the publisher does not render technical services. All technical matters should be evaluated by a qualified engineer before being relied upon for a particular situation.

© Copyright 2001 Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association

81,0$67 Å ,1&25325$7(' Unimast Incorporated the nation’s most trusted producers of cold-formed steel products is searching for experienced engineers & design- ers. We offer a competitive salary & full bene- fits package including matching 401k. For im- mediate & confidential consideration, Please fax or e-mail your resume to 678.432.5924, e-mail [email protected]

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Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 8 August 2001 Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association page 9 August 2001