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Parimalam - an Internet magazine dedicated for Dvaita Philosophy Home Issue: March 2000

Table of Contents

1) Anubhasyam (IV chapter)

by S Ananthapadmanabhan 2) Works of Sri Madhwacharya

by S Ananthapadmanabhan 3) Sri Madhwacharyaru in the songs of Sri Purandaradasaru

by Dr. B. Basker 4) Para Sukla Thrayam

by S Ananthapadmanabhan 5) Thought for this month

by S Ananthapadmanabhan

Anubhasyam IV chapter

By S Ananthapadmanabhan

Now Sri Madhwacharya proceeds with fruits of Upasana or worshipping.

Sri Hari is fully endowed with qualities. He is the lord of all. He is lord for me also. Thus we have to medidate always, especially in difficult situation. We will get Aparoksha Gyana thro' this. --1--

By this knowledge - the Sanchita and Agami are destroyed except Prarabdha Karma. Sanchita means result of sin which we have already committed and Agami means the result of sins which we are going to do. Sanchita is destroyed and Agami will not be binding i.e. we need not experience. --2--

The Devatas who proceed for liberation thro' Garuda Marga and Sesha Marga till Vayu, will enter into the bodies of higher order deities and as per their wish will enjoy bliss in and out of that body. --3--

Vayu enters into the body of and in nex t Kalpa, as per the orders of , Vayu comes out of Vishnu's body and takes over the post of Brahma and enjoy pleasure. Some deities, who are fit for liberation enter Brahma's body and attain liberation while Brahma attains liberation. Who ever may be, they attain bliss according to their capacity only. The human beings of higher order (of Aparoksha Gyanins) leave their bodies thro' Sushumna Nadi and attain . The Devatas leave their bodies and enter into higher order deities thro' them they will attain Moksha. --4 and 5--

The released souls will enjoy bliss as per their wish. Their bodies will be filled with Knowledge and bliss. These souls will have all capacities except one as that of God such as Creation etc. They will come under the control of one who are supreme than them. T hey will not come under the control of one who is less than them Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 1 control of one who are supreme than them. They will not come under the control of one who is less than them in gradation. The bliss for them will be even and full. There will not be sorrow. They will be birthless and enjoy bliss always. --6 and 7--

The essence of all kind of has been done by me by name Sri Ananda Theertha, by which the Husband of Lakshmi should be pleased. --8--

Oh blemishless one! Oh one who is worshippable even by Brahma and Rudra! Oh! Full of auspicious qualities! Oh God ! Fit to be Saluted! Salutations to you! Again and Again. --9--

Here ends the simple translation of IV chapter of Holy Anubhasyam of Sri Madhwacharya.

Sri Krishnarpanam Astu.

Ever in the service of Lord Hari, S Ananthapadmanabhan

Works of Sri Madhwacharya

By S Ananthapadmanabhan

In order to propagate the Dvaita philosophy i.e. the True Knowledge, our adapted two tactics. One is to preach his disciples directly and another way is writing books. He has written 37 works. All are called Sarva Moola Grantha.

To remember these works, there are two stotras . Tradition attributes a belief that if we enchant these stotras, that will give the benefit of reading the entire Sarva Moola Grantha. One stotra consists of 14 stanzas, bearing the name of "Granthamalika Stotram" authorship of which is called as, "Sri Poorna Pragya Grantha Malika Stuthy" written by Sri Yadupatyacharya.

For the benefit of the readers, Sri Yadupatyacharya's sloka is reproduced here.

Bhashyam Dasakam Cha Panchakayutham Thisrascha Nirneethayo Vishno: Stotrayugam Dasa Prakaranam Kalpadvayam Cha Smrithyhi | Sri Krishnamritha Thanthrasara Yamaka Nyayavali Deepanam Yenakari Sadaiva Madhwa Munirat Datyad Suvidyam Mama ||

The works mentioned in the above sloka are:

1. Geetha Bhasyam 2. Geetha Thatparyam 3. Brihma Bhasyam 4. Anu Bhasyam 5. Anu Vyakyanam 6. Vivarnam 7. Nrisimha Nakhastuthy 8. Yamaka Bharatham 9. Dwadasa Stotram Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 2 9. Dwadasa Stotram 10. Krishnamrita Maharnavam 11. Thantrasara Sangraham 12. Sadachara Smrithy 13. Yathy Pranava Kalpam 14. Jayanthy Nirnayam 15. Bhagavatha Thatparya Nirnayam 16. Sri Mahabharatha Thatparya Nirnayam 17. Rik Bhasyam 18. Lakshanam 19. Katha Lakshanam 20. Upadi Khandanam 21. Mayavada Khandanam 22. Prapancha Anumana Kandanam 23. Thatwa Sankhyanam 24. Thatwa Vivekam 25. Thatvodyotam 26. Karma Nirnayam 27. Vishnu Thatwa Vinirnayam 28. Aiteraya Upanishad Bhasyam 29. Thaitraya Upanishad Bhasyam 30. Brihadaranya Upanishad Bhasyam 31. Isavasya Upanishad Bhasyam 32. Kataka Upanishad Bhasyam 33. Chandogya Upanishad Bhasyam 34. Atharvana Upanishad Bhasyam 35. Mandukya Upanishad Bhasyam 36. Shat Prasna Upanishad Bhasyam 37. Thalavakara Upanishad Bhasyam

There is one sloka as, "Kanduka Stuthy" composed by our acharya while he was playing ball with his friends, before taking Sanyasa Ashrama.

Just a few lines are given here about each and every above mentioned work just to create an interest among the readers.

1. Geetha Bhasyam: It gives a true meaning of Geetha. In this Hari Sarvothamatva has been established. The views of other schools are condemned.

2. Geetha Thatparyam: In this, substantiate evidence from , for the true meaning expounded in Geetha Bhasyam, is established.

3. Brihma Sutra Bhasyam: For the 564 Brimha composed by Sri Veda our Acharya has given a beautiful meaning. It is a perfect commentary which erases controversial handling (explanation) done by of other school.

4. Anu Bhasyam: A small poetical work consists of 4 cantoes. Readers are requested to read our magazine "Parimalam" December , January , February and current issues for the full meaning of all the 4 chapters.

5. Anu Vyakyanam: Advaitha and position is analysed and Dvaita viewpoint is established.

Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 3 established.

6. Nyaya Vivarnam: Based on Yukthy Poorva Paksha has been discussed and discarded, Dvaita stand is established in emphatic manner.

7. Nrisimha Nakhastuthy: It is read even now before and after "Harivayustuthy" done by Sri Thrivikrama Panditha Acharya. Sri Madhwa prays at Lord Sri Lakshmi Narasimha as let the lustre of His protects us. And also he advised that every one should enchant this Nakhastuthy of 2 slokas before and after reading Harivayustuthy. Readers are requested to read our article ' Whom does our Guru protect? ' appeared on this Magazine Parimalam of January Issue.

8. Yamaka Bharatam: Yamaka means repetition of some letters or words, by splitting which suitably, different meaning will evolve. Our Acharya, in this style, narrated the entire and also it forms a stotra of Lord Sri Krishna.

9. Dwadasa Stotram: While bringing the idol of Sri Krishna from 'Malpe' beach, got it from a Captain by helping a ship to attain the shore safely this was enchanted by our Acharya. Virtually Acharya brought the idol to Udupi by dancing. This stotra is composed out of different tunes, will be pleasing to ears if chanted/listened. It is a praising song of Lord Sri Krishna.

10. Krishnamritha Maharnava: The greatness of Lord Sri Krishna is extolled and also "Yekadasi" upvasa and Hari smarana are glorified in this work.

11. Thantrasara Sangraham: Which mantra should be enchanted for which purpose, how to install an idol, procedure of performing pooja etc. are dealt here.

12. Sadachara Smrithy: The procedure of daily routine explained here. (Snana Krama, Japa Krama etc.)

13. Yathy Pranava Kalpam: The meaing of 'Om' and procedure for acceptance of Sanyasa Ashrama are explained here.

14. Jayanthy Nirnayam: Sri Krishna's time of birth at midnight when the Star Rohinee was there with Ashtami thithy i.e. eigth day of Krishnapaksha (from new moon day to no moon day) are explained.

15. Sri Thatparya Nirnayam: The essence of and also some secrets hidden in controversial episode have found a new dimension in this work.

16. Sri Mahabharatha Thatparya Nirnayam: This work consists of 32 chapters. First 3 chapters are called Sarva Sastra Nirnaya (Suvakyodarana). From 4th to 9th chapters deal with Ramayana and from 10th to 32nd chapter deal with Mahabharatha. All works of our Acharya is extraordinary one. But this one is most stupendous one.

17. Rik Bhasyam: Some important 40 verses of Rik Samhita has been explained with which we will try to understand the meanings of other also to some extent.

18. Pramana : The characteristics of Pratyaksha, Anumana and Agama i.e. Perception, Inference and Vedas are explained as the means of True Knowledge to obtain Moksha. (Liberation)

19. Katha Lakshana: The procedure to be followed in an argument to decide a fact as an offendant and defendant are explained.

20. Upadhi Khandanam : It is a condemnation of Advaita principle which calls Parabrahma as Upadhi and Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 4 20. Upadhi Khandanam : It is a condemnation of Advaita principle which calls Parabrahma as Upadhi and he himself deformated as animate and inanimate etc.

21. Mayavadha Khandanan: The illusory appearance of world as expounded by Advaitins is condemned here.

22. Prapancha Mithyatva Anumana Khandanam: The famous Advaita position of "World is false" is condemned here.

23. Thatva Sankhyanam: The gradation from Deities to the souls of lower order is explained.

24. Thatwa Vivekam: The proof of Dependent and Independent deities are explained.

25. Thatvodyotam: "The difference is real" as per Dvaita concept is explained.

26. Karma Nirnayam: The procedure to be followed in enchanting mantras and other activities at the time of performing a sacrifice is explained.

27. Vishnu Thatwa Vinirnaya: The Apaurusheyatwa of Veda. i.e. Veda not created by any human agency, bimba-pratibimba bhava i.e. the image and it's reflection of God and Soul. The condemnation of viewpoint of other schools are expliained here.

28. Aitereya Upnishad Bhasyam: The details of Lord Vishnu assuming the form of Mahidesa and his advice about the greatness of Brihati Sahasra Veda to Sri Lakshmi, Brahma etc. are explained.

29. Thaithreya Upanishad Bhasyam: The five Vyuha forms of God as Sankarshana, , , Anirudhdha, Narayana, the definition of Brihma as Satyam, Gyanam, Anantham etc. the students life in Gurukulavasa, Ananda Tharathamya (gradation) are explained in this book.

30. Isavasya Upanishad Bhasyam: Lord Vishnu born with Yagna name as a grandson of Svayambuva manu, and God's help of Manu from the clutch of Asuras (demons) are explained.

31. Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Bhasyam: The greatness Ashwameda sacrifice etc, very important passages like, " Brahma Asmi" etc. and also, creation, upasana procedure are well dealt here. Among all the this is the biggest upanishad.

32. Chandogya Upanishad Bhasyam: This Upanishad also describes a number of upasanas such as Udgita, Samopasana, Madu vidya, Samvarga vidya, Vaisvanara Vidya, the importance of Mukhya Prana are dealt in this Upanishad. More over this Upanishad provides a lot of "Vishaya Vakhya" (i.e. subject matter) of Brahma Sutra.

33. Kataka Upanishad Bhasyam: This Upanishad is in the form of a dialogue between Nachiketas and Yama which gives a full exposition of God, who regulates the soul after death and liberation and how be regulates etc. are explained here.

34. Atharvana Upanishad Bhasyam: The central idea behind this Upanishad is 2 levels of Knowledge (Para vidya and Apara vidya), the importance of Karmanushtara, Status of liberation souls etc.

35. Mandukya Upanishad Bhasyam: Varuna Bhagavan assumed the form of a Manduka i.e. a frog and praised the God's form Viswa, Pragja, Thaijasa and Thuriya. The 'Om' kara Upasana and Ashara are explained in this Upanishad.

Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 5 explained in this Upanishad.

36. Shat Prasna Upanishad Bhasyam: The sage Pippplada's answer to the six questions put up by six sages by name Sukesha, Satyakarma, Gargya, Kousalya Aswalayana, Bhargava, Kabandi form this Upanishad. It deals about process of Creation, Importance of Vayu , 'Om' Kara Shodasa Kala .

37. Thalavakara Upanishad Bhasyam: This Upanishad is in the form of conversation between Chaturmukha Brahma and Siva. It brings about two important facts of God i.e. God cannot be comprehended fully by any one and all are regulated by God.

It is notable point that in all the works he used the words Vedas, Puranas, Ithyhasas only and his words are only very minimum.

Here ends the works of Sri Madhwacharya.

The above gist is given only to induce a taste in our Acharya's work so that the reader will be certainly on the look out for our Acharya's works with translation or without translation.

But I would like to put a question before the readers and want to answer myself to provoke their thoughts. That is:-

There is one quoted general statement in language as "Prayojanam Anuddisya Na Mandoapi Pravartate". The meaning of the above statement is "Even a fool will not proceed with in a matter without the intention of benefit".

So being the case, my question is -

1. Why do we have to read Madhwa ? 2. What benefit it will accrue?

The answer for the above is -

1. Since we all are human being we should definitely read Madhwa Shastra. 2. The benefit we will obtain, by reading the Madhwa Shastra is explained in Sumadhwa Vijaya 11th canto and 79th sloka. (Separate article will be issued about Sri Sumadhwa Vijaya at a later date).

The above mentioned sloka is-

Mahananda Theerthasya Ye Bhasya Bhavam Manovakbhihi Avartayante Swashaktya | Suradya Narantha Mukunda Prasadad Imam Moksham Yete Bhajante Sadethy ||

The aspired persons starting from Devata to Human being, who repeat the commentaries of Sri Madhwa by mind and by words according to their strength (or capacity) will certainly enjoy the bliss according to their capacity by grace of Lord Vishnu.

This answers our above question.

Out of personal interest, we provide the following information to our valuable readers.

1. Ten principal Upanishads according to Madhwa Bhasyam are beautifully translated into English with Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 6 1. Ten principal Upanishads according to Madhwa Bhasyam are beautifully translated into English with Sanskrit passages by the living legend Mr. K T Pandurangi of Bangalore, Published by SMSO Sabha . 2. Sri Mahabharata Thatparya Nirnaya first 3 chapters translated into English with Sanskrit passages by the same above-mentioned author. 3. Sri Mahabharatha Tharparya Nirnaya chapters 10 to 32 are translated into English with Sanskrit word to word meaning by the leading lawyer Sri T S Raghavendran, Published by SMSO Sabha .

Interested reader may contact the following address if they require the above books.

1. The Secretary , SMSO Sabha, 19, Car Street, Triplicane, Chennai (Madras) , Tamil Nadu - 600005, India.

2. Mr. T S Raghavendran 120, Telugu Brahmin Street, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641001, India.

3. Book House, VI Main Road, Chamarajapet, Bangalore - 560018, India.

4. Dvaitha Vedantha Studies and Research Foundation, 88, R.R. Choultry, K R Road, Bangalore - 560004, India.

And also we request the readers to provide if they have any information about our Acharya's books published with or without English translation.

I dedicate this article to Lord Krishna Sarvantharyami.

Sri Madhwesarppanam Astu, S Ananthapadmanabhan

Sri Madhwacharyaru in the songs of Sri Purandaradasaru

By Dr. B. Basker

February 2000 hosts two important events viz. Purandara Dasara Aradane on 5.2.2000 and Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 7 Purandara Dasara Aradane on 5.2.2000 and Sri Madhva Navami on 14.5.2000.

As stated in the final shlokas of the first chapter of Sumadva Vijaya Srimadaacharyaru came to the earth as the third Avatara of Vaayu to dispel the darkness of the deserving souls and aid them to do sadhana which ultimately led to the eternal bliss or Mukti. Srimadaacharyaru after having successfully established the dvaita philosophy and eight mathas with responsible pontiffs ultimately became adrishta or disappeared on the Magha Shudda Navami to reside permanently at the feet of Sri Vedavyaasaru at Badari kaasrama.

The aim of the dasa kootas in Karnataka was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy in the Lingua Franca (Kannada). Though the songs of the dasas seem outwardly as ecstatical outpourings of the Dasas who are soaked in sublime devotion they bear the essence of Madhva philosophy in the garb of Kannada language. Hence, these are equally important to the Vyaasa kootaas and some of the Dasas like Sri Vijayadasaru proved that they were well versed in Srimadaacharyaa's philosophy. Sri Purandara Dasaru who is hailed as Daasa Sreshtam Dayanidim is no exception and in all his Keertanas, Suladis and Uga bhogas he has highlighted several aspects of Madhva philosophy.

In the following few songs an attempt is made to highlight how the dasaru had eulogised Sri Madhvachaaryaru:

The Daasaru in a song in the Raga Nadanamakriya compares Sri Mukyapranaru as a small baby and sings out in ecstacy in vatsalya bhakti.in the Raga Nadanamakriya

Koosina kandira guru mukyapraanana kandira ......

The first two stanzas of this song describes the first two avataras of Sri Vayu Bhagavan as Sri Hanumantha and Sri Bheemasenaru and in the last verse Sri Madhvarayaru is praised:

Maya vadigala gettida koosoo madhva madavanuddarisida koossooo muddu Sri Purandara vittala dayadinda udupiyalli bandu nelasida koosoo.

The child which had vanquished the Mayavadis and established the Madhva Matha and eventually with the grace of Sri Purandara Vitthala came and settled at Udupi.

In another song Sri Purandara dasaru ends every verse with Madhvaraaya in Sankarabharana Raagaaa:

Madhva raayaa guru madhvaraayaa madhva raayaa guru madhva raayaa, raamaavataaravolomme madhva raayaaa aa mahaa hanumanaade madhva raayaa vaama mushtili ravanana gelide madhva raayaa kaami taartha soorarigitte madhva raayaaa krishnaavataaradolomme madhva raayaa dushta kulakke bheema naade madva raayaa kuttide kauravaranella madhva raayaa sri krishna preetiya padadiyo madhva raayaa darayelu yatiyaagi janiside madhva raayaa guru vyaasara hitava padade madhva raayaa durula maayi madava muride madhva raayaa Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 8 durula maayi madava muride madhva raayaa purandara vitalana daasanaade madhva raayaa.

The above song again describes the glories of the three Avataras of Sri Vaayu Bhagawan and the wonderful achievements in the three Avatars respectively. The Dasaru to pay obeisance to Sri Madaachaaryaru had composed this beautiful song suffixing Madhvaraayaaa to every verse.

In the following song in the enchanting Poorvakalyaani Raaga the daasa who is the very symbol of munificence goes to the extent of requesting people not to leave Madhva Siddanta and go astray:

madhva mada siddantada paddati bida bedi bidabedi

Harisarvottama nahootemba gyaanava taratamyadalli tiliva maargavidu ghora yamana paade doorage maadi murariya charanava seruva maargavu bharateesha mukyapraanantargata neerajaaksha namma purandara vittalana.

In this song the glory of Harisarvottama, the concept of the Taratamya or Hierarchy, escaping the clutches of Sri Yamadharmaraaja and reaching the feet of the Lord Murari is highlighted and the only way to attain the latter two is to know the former two concepts which is possible only by the grace of Bharatesha Mukyapraanantargata Sri Purandara Vittalaa.

Yours in the service of Sri Hari, Dr. B. Basker.

Para Sukla Thrayam

By S Ananthapadmanabhan

While we go thro' the works of Sri Madhwacharya, we may come across a word - Para Sukla Thrayam. The meaning of the word is - Para - means pare Brahmani - In Lord Vishnu, The Supreme. Sukla - means Suddha Buddhithwa - possessing pure knowledge without any blemish. Thrayam - means group of three.

In total, the meaning of the above word is - The three persons by a group possess very pure knowledge (and devotion) without an iota of defect in the Supreme Lord Sri Vishnu and these three persons will not at all, at any point of time, have the effect of Kali disturbance.

The three important persons are

1. Sri Maha Lakshmi. 2. Chaturmukha Brahma, ( Vayu Devaru ) Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 9 2. Chaturmukha Brahma, ( Vayu Devaru ) 3. Saraswathy. (Bharathi )

The above three are called Para Sukla Thrayam. They will always have pure knowledge of God in Moola form i.e. in the original form and as well as in the Avatara form also. They never disobey the order of Sri Hari. They never acted against the will of Sri Hari. The disturbance of Kali, Avesha of Kali was not at all there at their minds and knowledge.

The Avatars of Vayu Devaru viz, Hanuman, and Madhwa also can be brought under the category of Para Sukla Thrayam.

Saint Vadiraja Mahaprabhu has beautifully dealt this matter in his Sarasa Bharathy Vilasa Kavya from canto three to eight and proved this point emphatically in his usual style.

We never come across one single event in Epics, Ithihasa and Puranas that against the theory of Sri Madhwa.

Ever in the service of Sri Hari, S Ananthapadmanabhan

Thought for this month

By S Ananthapadmanabhan

We all know that the great saint Vadiraja of Sode had undertaken extensive tour (pilgrimage) and visited many places and written many slokas about the place, about the tank (theertha) and about the Moorthy i.e, idol. All collectively known as, "Theertha Prabandham".

While visiting Dwaraka, he has written a sloka about "Gopi Chandana". It is a customary practice to all people belonging to Sri Madhwa followers to bear - Thilaka on their forehead and other parts of body. It is quite natural to anyone in this modern world, to have a doubt on benefit of applying Gopi Chandana Thilaka Dharana and Mudra Dharana.

Now we shall see the sloka composed by Saint Vadiraja on Gopi Chandana :-

Phale yallikhitam Dhunothy vividham yekham vidhatra kritham. yalleela Thilakeekritham Vithanuthe Vidwal lalamayithan | Oordhwam yaddhrutham Uttchaloka padavee Sopanam Anvethy Thad Gopi Chandanam Anjasa Vijayate Thaapathraya dhwamsanam ||

Bearing the Gopi Chandana mark upward on our forehead is called Oordhwa Pundra Dharanam. That Gopi Chandana is available abundantly at Dwaraka. By bearing this Gopi Chandana on our forehead it will alter the fate written on our forehead by Chaturmukha Brahma. It will fetch the name as Best Scholar. Oordhwa Pundras are the steps to go to Vaikunta Loka. It removes the pain problems generated by Earth, Lady and Gold. It removes the worldly bondage. It gives knowledge and liberation. Hence every Vaishnavait should bear Gopi Chandana - This is the meaning of the above sloka.

The readers are requested to bear the marks of Gopi Chandana on their forehead and on their body after suitably consulting with a religious person. Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 10 suitably consulting with a religious person.

Ever in the service of Lord Hari, S Ananthapadmanabhan

Parimalam - March 2000 - http://dvaita.parimalam.googlepages.com - Page 11