MATERIALS FOR A DICTIONARY OF THE PRAJNAPARAMITA LITERATURE by Edward Conze SUZUKI RESEARCH FOUNDATION Tokyo 19 7 3 PREFACE The typescript of this "Dictionary53 was first completed in 1954, and at that time contained approximately 8,600 Sanskrit terms. For a time it was intended to publish this work as volume 27 of Prof, Raghu Vira's Satapitaka, but the intention could not be carried out because Dr. Lokesh Chandra could not obtain the necessary type. No single individual can, I think, be expected to produce a perfect and final dictionary of these vast and varied texts, and so I have decided to re-issue the old version with many corrections and additions, though only too well aware of the gaps, mistakes and oversights which the text still contains. Nevertheless, what I have done will provide a good foundation for others to build on. The dictionary is complete only where it reproduces four separate indices, two of them printed, and two unprinted. They are (1) my index to AA (1954) (1,300 words), and (2) that to R (1960) (1,600 words), The first has been left as it stands (although according to the late Prof, F. W. Thomas it could do with some revision), whereas the second has been corrected as a result of Prof, F, Edgerton's often valid criticisms in IIJ v, 1961, pp. 1-18, The two unpublished indices cover (3) the hhurni chapter of the Large Sutra (P 214-225=S x 1454-1473), based on the readings of the edition which Prof, E, Lamotte and myself prepared in 1950, and (4) chapters 55-70 of Ad, corresponding to the fifth abhisa- maya, which I published in Rome in 1962, Apart from that the dictionary covers only those words which seemed to me particularly significant, and the choice must often look rather arbitrary, My main purpose has been to make my translations of these texts as accurate and uniform as possible. In consequence, I have endeavoured to note everywhere the rendering which I have actually adopted. In the 1954 version the English equivalents were those of the typescripts then in existence. The printed translations which have appeared over the last ten years often differ from the original type- scripts, and I have made some efforts to bring the dictionary up to date in this respect, although I have been remiss in checking some of the passages where the issue seemed to be merely one of style. Another weakness lies in that it took me some time to realize the importance of giving whole compounds and phrases. They are thus rather poorly represented in the material taken from A, which formed the starting point of this collection. The headlines of the revised P, which are based on the AA, have, incidentally, not been included. Their systematic exclusion was probably a mistake. In the absence of a printed edition of abhisamayas II-IV and VI-VI1I of the Laige Sutra my notation of the entries concerning those parts leaves much to be desired, and is apt to be chaotic, owing to the variety of the materials which gradually became available over the last twenty years. Once I have succeeded in editing the Gilgit Ms of the Pro- jndpdramitd, but not before, can the present confusion be cleared up by reference to a printed standard text. Where folios appear with capitals behind their figures, e.g., 143A, this indicates that the folios in question are hypothetical in the sense that they are missing in the standard Ms employed, and that their contents have been filled in from other docu- ments. Three sources of possible confusion concerning the Pancavimsatisdhas- rika must still be mentioned: (1) The first part of the revised version (PPL 42) is quoted after N. Dutt, whose edition ends at page 269. But the Ms Cambridge Add. 1628 begins its second abhisamaya at folio 200b6. If an entry refers to Dutt, it therefore gives P 246, P 247, etc. But if it refers to the My., it appears as either P f. 246, P f. 246a, or as P 246a, etc. (2) The Gilgit Ms of the Large Prqjndpdra?nitd, now in New Delhi, contains a large part of the unrevised version of P (PPL 40), and the references to that are noted as P-ND-f. (3) An explanation is needed of the usage with regard to the very difficult and largely incomprehensible esoteric terminology employed in describing the samddhis of a Bodhisattva (P 198-203). ,Here an entry like, "P 201 (61)=S(83)" means: "P page 201, samddhi no. (61), according to the numbering of my 1961 translation (pp. 132-7); and this corresponds to samddhi no. (83) in S, though not in the Sanskrit, but in the Tibetan version, as edited by P. Ghosha (PPL 37)". Very common words are followed by—, to indicate that they occur passim. Buddhist Sanskrit words are generally followed by a colon. In the re-typing this rule, adopted before Edgerton's dictionary was published, has not been consistently carried out, and it might now be well to abolish it altogether. A star * indicates that at that passage the Tibetan translation used the Tibetan equivalent which follows the Sanskrit word. The Tibetan equivalent which follows after a passage applies equally to all the passages which precede it as long as they are separated by commas. Where the English equivalent is placed in brackets, it means that it would be an adequate rendering, but does not actually occur in the printed translations. In fact the brackets correspond to "not trsl." The order of the words is roughly that adopted by Monier Williams, and it would have been different if the Sanskrit had been printed in Devanagari. Generally speaking, words derived from the same root are grouped together, and dhydyi, for instance, precedes dhydml. When the proofs arrived I was, as it so happened, separated by thousands of miles from my books and manuscripts, and a certain number of typing errors must have remained undetected. There would have been many more minor errors in this vocabulary had it not been for the devoted, skilful and time-consuming help of my friend and colleague at the University of Washington, Professor Leon Hurvitz. In view of the uncertainties of Tibetan orthography I was also fortunate in being able to discuss hundreds of words with the third Dezhung Rinpoche, who has patiently eliminated a good many scribal errors. For the rest, over the last twenty years nearly everybody connected with Buddhist studies has, in some way or other, helped me with my work, and I therefore herewith discharge my collective gratitude without mentioning any further names. The whole enterprise began in 1936 when I dis- covered the third volume of D. T. Suzuki's "Essays in Zen Buddhism", and it has kept me fairly busy ever since. It is therefore most fitting that this inventory of the main Prajnaparamita terms should now have been published by the Suzuki Research Foundation, whose staff I must thank for their meticulous attention to detail and for their unswerving concern for scholarly standards. How I would have wished for the old Master himself to have seen this minor by-product of his life-long labours on behalf of Mahayana Buddhism! Seattle, Washington August 1966 Here is a list of the Abbreviations used. The full bibliographical references can be found in my The Prajftaparamita Literature, 1960 (=PPL). pages are those of R. Mitra, the text that of U. Wogihara. PPL 51 AA =Abhisamayalankara, ed. U. Wogihara, PPL 44 AAA =Abhisamayalarikaraloka, ed, U. Wogihara, PPL 55 Ad =Astada§asahasrika, ed. E. Gonze, SOR xxvi, 1962 (5th abkisamaya) Ad =Ms Stein Ch. 0079, PPL 46. This should have been differentiated from the Gilgit Ms edited by Gonze, but that has not been done. Fortunately the references to the Stein Ms are very few. Ad-ND =New Delhi Ms of Ad, PPL 45 Adhy. =Adhyardhasatika, ed. S. Toganoo, PPL 79 AK =Abhidharmakosa, by Vasubandhu, trad. L. de la Valle*e Poussin, 6 vols, 1923 sq. Bcv =Bodhicaryavatara Bcv-p =Bodhicaryavatarapanjika, ed. Bibliotheca Indica, 1901-14 bs-a =bodhisattva G = Calcutta Ms of R, PPL 57 ch = occurs in chapter-heading en = connected cr = corresponds cy = commentary cy-J = commentary to Jataka N D(a) =Dasasahasrika, restored by Sten Konow, PPL 50 Dbh =Dasabhumikasutra Divy =Divyavadana D.N. =Dlgha Nikaya E =F. Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1963 ed = Printed edition EJTh =E. J. Thomas, The Perfection of Wisdom, 1952 H =Haribhadra, AAA, PPL 55 Hr =H{daya, ed. E. Gonzc, PPL 71 Inlerl. =Interlorutor J =Wogihara's edition of AAA J =H. A. Jaeschkc, A Tibetan-English Dictionary JAOS =Journal of the American Oriental Society K =-Kausika, ed. E. Gonze, PPL 82 Ku =Kumarajiva l.% =line LC =Lokesh Chandra, Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary LV =Lalitavistaro M =Mitra, ed. A MCB = Melanges Ghinois et Bouddhiques M.N. =Majjhima Nikaya Mhv =Mahavastu, ed. E. Scnart, 3 vols, 1882-97 Mhvy =Mahavyutpatti, ed. Sakaki, 2 vols, 1926-8 MM =Max Mttller Mpp-s =Mahaprajflaparamitasastra, trad. E. Lamotte, PPL 41 Nag = Mpp-s O = Obermiller's text of R P = revised Pancavimsatisahasrika, ed. N. Dutt (PPL 42), and then Cambridge Add. 1628 Ms P of V =Paigiter's Ms, PPL 64-5 p =unrevised P in Tibetan P-ND =unrcvised P, Gilgit Ms at New Delhi, PPL 40 P-p = fragments of P-T printed in Kajiyoshi, PPL 91 Pr = Prasannapada, Tib., in J. W. de Jong, Cinq chapitres de la Prasannapada, 1949 P-T =Ms of revised P in Tokyo University Library PvA =Petavatthu Atthakatha pw = perfection of wisdom PW =E.