Ought Nought Fought Bought Brought Thought Thoughtful Thoughtless

ought nought fought bought brought thought thoughtful thoughtless thoughtlessness thoughtfully thoughtfulness wrought iron overwrought sought forethought aforethought The grapheme ‘ough’ is a very rare spelling variation of the /or/ (or /aw/) phoneme. Words such as ‘ought’, ‘nought’, ‘bought’ and ‘thought’, however, are used very commonly. Sound out and blend all the words above. Discuss the meanings of the words and say them in simple sentences.

Draw a picture representing some ‘ough’ words from above and label:

Fold this page up to the bottom of the first ‘ough’ box to hide the words but to reveal the ‘ough’. Use the back of the folded-up part to practise spelling and writing. Say the words slowly and put a dash for each sound in the words. Break the words down into syllables first where necessary. Put the grapheme ‘ough’ on one dash. Edit each word whilst finger-tracking under the graphemes.

aught naught taught caught fraught daughter untaught haughty haughtily distraught naughty naughtiness naughtily goddaughter granddaughter The grapheme ‘augh’ is a very rare spelling variation of the /or/ (or /aw/) phoneme. Words such as ‘taught’, ‘caught’ and ‘daughter’, however, are used very commonly. Note that there are common spelling alternatives for the whole words ‘aught’ (ought) and ‘naught’ (nought). Sound out and blend all the words above. Discuss the meanings of the words and say them in simple sentences.

Draw a picture representing some ‘augh’ words from above and label:

Fold this page up to the bottom of the first ‘augh’ box to hide the words but to reveal the ‘augh’. Use the back of the folded-up part to practise spelling and writing. Say the words slowly and put a dash for each sound in the words. Break the words down into syllables first where necessary. Put the grapheme ‘augh’ on one dash. Edit each word whilst finger-tracking under the graphemes.

ought nought aught naught bought brought caught naughty sought thought taught fraught thoughtful daughter overwrought distraught The graphemes ‘ough’ and ‘augh’ are very rare spelling variations of the /aw/ phoneme. The word ‘ought’ has the same meaning as ‘aught’, and ‘nought’ has the same meaning as ‘naught’. It is more usual to see the ‘ought’ and ‘nought’ spellings. Whilst the ‘ough’ and ‘augh’ graphemes as code for /aw/ are very rare, the words above are not rare. Sound out and blend all the words above. Discuss the meanings of the words and say them in simple sentences. Select a few of the words above from both columns and write some simple sentences:

Fold this page up to the bottom of the first ‘/aw/’ box to hide the words but to reveal the ‘/aw/’. Use the back of the folded-up part to practise spelling and writing. Say the words slowly and put a dash for each sound in the words. Break the words down into syllables first where necessary. Put the graphemes ‘ough’ or ‘aught’ on one dash as appropriate. Edit each word whilst finger-tracking beneath.

ought nought aught naught bought brought caught naughty sought thought taught fraught thoughtful daughter overwrought distraught The graphemes ‘ough’ and ‘augh’ are very rare spelling variations of the /or/ (or /aw/) phoneme. The word ‘ought’ has the same meaning as ‘aught’, and ‘nought’ has the same meaning as ‘naught’. It is more usual to see the ‘ought’ and ‘nought’ spellings. Whilst the ‘ough’ and ‘augh’ graphemes as code for /or/ (/aw/) are very rare, the words above are not rare. Sound out and blend all the words above. Discuss the meanings of the words and say them in simple sentences. Select a few of the words above from both columns and write some simple sentences:

Fold this page up to the bottom of the first ‘/or/’ box to hide the words but to reveal the ‘/or/’. Use the back of the folded-up part to practise spelling and writing. Say the words slowly and put a dash for each sound in the words. Break the words down into syllables first where necessary. Put the graphemes ‘ough’ or ‘aught’ on one dash as appropriate. Edit each word whilst finger-tracking beneath.

Copyright 2007 Debbie Hepplewhite Unit 11 - Sheet 4 of 16 letter pattern: ough /or/ /ou/ /oa/ /u/ /oo/ ought bough dough borough through bought boughs doughy thorough throughout nought plough though thoroughly see-through sought ploughs although Scarborough throughway brought ploughed doughnut thought ploughing thoughtful drought /u/ + /f/ /o/ + /f/ /u/ + /p/ thoughtfully Slough rough cough hiccough thoughtless roughly coughed forethought roughage coughing aforethought tough trough wrought toughen troughs wrought iron enough overwrought slough Note that these graphemes are rarely used for the sounds above but some of these words are used commonly. 1) Practise sounding out, saying and writing these words to gain automatic recognition. 2) Write a few simple sentences (preferably on lines) using a selection of these words. 3) Check (edit) the words by blending them.

• Write a few simple sentences using a selection of ‘ough’ words. • Check (edit) the words by blending them.

Copyright 2007 Debbie Hepplewhite Unit 11 - Sheet 6 of 16 letter pattern: ough /aw/ /ou/ /oa/ /u/ /oo/ ought bough dough borough through bought boughs doughy thorough throughout nought plough though thoroughly see-through sought ploughs although Scarborough throughway brought ploughed doughnut thought ploughing thoughtful drought /u/ + /f/ /o/ + /f/ /u/ + /p/ thoughtfully Slough rough cough hiccough thoughtless roughly coughed forethought roughage coughing aforethought tough trough wrought toughen troughs wrought iron enough overwrought slough Note that these graphemes are rarely used for the sounds above but some of these words are used commonly. 1) Practise sounding out, saying and writing these words to gain automatic recognition. 2) Write a few simple sentences (preferably on lines) using a selection of these words. 3) Check (edit) the words by blending them.

• Write a few simple sentences using a selection of ‘ough’ words. • Check (edit) the words by blending them.

school scholar chaos anchor chasm orchid chorus scheme chemist chronic chord echo stomach arachnid mechanism chameleon chrysalis headache orchestra archeology archaic Revise that the grapheme ‘ch’ is a less common spelling variation of the /k/ phoneme. This ‘ch’ spelling variation for /k/ has Greek origins. Note that in ‘headache’ the grapheme ‘che’ represents the /k/ phoneme. Sound out and blend all the words above. Discuss the meanings of the words and say them in simple sentences.

Draw a picture representing some ‘ch’ words from above and label:

Fold this page up to the bottom of the first ‘ch’ box to hide the words but to reveal the ‘ch’. Use the back of the folded-up part to practise spelling and writing. Say the words slowly and put a dash for each sound in the words. Break the words down into syllables first where necessary. Put the grapheme ‘ch’ (or ‘che’ in the case of ‘headache’) on one dash. Edit each word whilst finger-tracking under the graphemes.

quiche conquer conqueror bouquet mosquito piquant marquetry marquee parquet briquette masquerade quay croquet croquette etiquette mannequin tourniquet lacquer racquetball marquis marquess The grapheme ‘qu’ is a less common spelling variation of the /k/ phoneme. It has French origins as can be seen by other spelling features of the words above. The grapheme ‘et’ is pronounced /ai/ in ‘bouquet’, ‘parquet’, ‘croquet’ and ‘tourniquet’. The grapheme ‘ay’ is pronounced /ee/ in ‘quay’. Note that in two words the grapheme ‘cqu’ is code for the /k/ phoneme. Sound out and blend all the words above. Discuss the meanings of the words and say them in simple sentences.

Draw a picture representing some ‘qu’ words from above and label:

Fold this page up to the bottom of the first ‘qu’ box to hide the words but to reveal the ‘qu’. Use the back of the folded-up part to practise spelling and writing. Say the words slowly and put a dash for each sound in the words. Break the words down into syllables first where necessary. Put the grapheme ‘qu’ (or ‘cqu’ in the case of ‘lacquer’ and ‘racquetball’) on one dash. Edit each word whilst finger-tracking under the graphemes.

queue cheque clique pique picturesque unique uniquely plaque brusque discotheque boutique oblique obliquely technique mosque antique physique grotesque arabesque The grapheme ‘que’ is a less common spelling variation of the /k/ phoneme. It has French origins as can be seen by other spelling features of the words above. Pronounce the ‘th’ as /t/ in the word ‘discotheque’. Sound out and blend all the words above. Discuss the meanings of the words and say them in simple sentences.

Draw a picture representing some ‘que’ words from above and label:

Fold this page up to the bottom of the first ‘que’ box to hide the words but to reveal the ‘que’. Use the back of the folded-up part to practise spelling and writing. Say the words slowly and put a dash for each sound in the words. Break the words down into syllables first. Put the grapheme ‘que’ on one dash. Edit each word whilst finger-tracking under the graphemes.

c k -ck ch qu caravan kindly socket preschool conqueror capital skeleton bottleneck technology bouquet carnival kaftan chopsticks melancholy parquet carpet kaleidoscope ramshackle leprechaun mosquito cupboard keepsake shockingly chronology etiquette custard unkempt wickerwork bronchitis cultivation kernel woodpecker backache que contents kestrel seasickness mechanic technique contented kettledrum blockbuster architect statuesque collapse keypad bricklayer charismatic opaquely incredible kidneys cockleshells chamomile mystique creatures shirker double-check hierarchy uniqueness clattering kitchenware shuttlecock chaotic Here is a representative sample of words illustrating different spelling variations for the sound /k/. 1) Practise blending these words to gain automatic recognition. 2) Write a few simple sentences using a selection of these words. 3) Check (edit) the words by blending them.

• Write a few simple sentences using a selection of the /k/ words. • Check (edit) the words by blending them.

c k -ck ch qu

que

Note down from your wider reading further word examples with these graphemes for the /k/ phoneme.

quart quarter quarterly quartet (quartette) quarters quarterfinal quarterback quartz

The grapheme ‘qu’ preceding the grapheme ‘ar’ alerts the reader to pronounce the ‘ar’ as the /or/ (or /aw/) phoneme. Note the words ‘quarry’ and ‘quarrel’ below with ‘rr’ where the reader pronounces the letter ‘a’ as /o/ like other words with the ‘qua’ pattern (quad, quality, quantity). The ‘a’ in quarantine is pronounced /o/. Sound out and blend all the words. Discuss the meanings of the words and say them in simple sentences. quarantine quarry quarrel

Draw a picture representing some ‘quar’ words from above and label:

Fold this page up to the bottom of the first ‘quar’ box to hide the words but to reveal the ‘quar’. Use the back of the folded-up part to practise spelling and writing. Say the words slowly and put a dash for each sound in the words. Break the words down into syllables first where necessary. Put the grapheme ‘qu’ on one dash and ‘ar’ on the next dash but not quarantine, quarry and quarrel. Edit each word whilst finger-tracking under the graphemes.