Ref 808.027 MLA) for Additional Citation Details and Examples

/0&\ scarsdale highschoollibrary 2011 Guide to CitingResources

Note: This guide has been revised to reflect the latest version of MLA style. Please Refer to MLA Handbookfor Writers ofResearch Papers, seventh edition (Ref 808.027 MLA) for additional citation details and examples.

The following is a brief summary of some important changes. \ • Italics: Titles of works are now italicized, not underlined in the text and in the works cited list.

• Medium of Publication: Each entry in the works cited list must specify the medium of publication, such as "Print," "Web," or "DVD."

• Double space within and between each entry.

• The URL or Web address should be in angle brackets and truncated to include only the first and possibly the second sections.

,/srn^, ListofWorksCitedWithina ReportorEssay Ascholarly writer employs consistent methods ofciting sources sothat his readers will not have difficulty tracing the sources ofideas that influenced his views. Students should list the works that were used during the research process. Both direct citations and background reading associated with any research project need tobe listed on the bibliography page ofessays orreports. The bibliography therefore includes allinformation sources,both print andonline, thatinfluenced thestudent's research project.

The list of works cited contains the following informationfor each source: • author • title • place of publication • publisher • copyright date • medium of publication The following isa guide based onthe MLA (Modem Language Association) style:

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION

Parenthetical documentation is the means by which students identify the source of specific information within their own writing. When required, students should cite, within parentheses, the source ofan author's words, fact, or ideas immediately after quoting orparaphrasing thatauthor. Usually theauthor's lastname, or firstword inthetitle(excluding "a," "an," and "the")when an author is notcited, andpage reference is allthatis needed within the body ofthe paper. Foronline sources, thepage number may not beavailable, butwhen it is, follow the sameguidelines as_ for a print citation. *" Although some ofhiscontemporaries viewed Napoleon asa great statesman (Jones 58),others "demonized" him (Smith 48).

Thesecitationsare,therefore,a shorthand form ofdocumentation after each source. Readers know to turn tothebibliography at the end ofthe paper to locate allofthe information needed to find sources eitherin print or online.

FORMAT FOR INDIVIDUAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES WITH EXAMPLES OF CITATIONS

Printand Audiovisual Resources

Books:

Basic Format

Last name,First nameofauthor. Title ofBook. Place of Publication: Publisher,Year of

Publication. Medium ofPublication. v**ro^fc

One author:

Schomp, Virginia. Ancient India. New York: Benchmark, 2010.Print

Editor: If the person named onthe title page isthe editor, rather than the author, add a comma, then the abbreviation "ed." Fitzgerald, Terence J., ed. Police in Society. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2000. Print

Books with more than one author: The first given name appears inlast name, first name format; subsequent author names appear infirst name last name format. If there are more than three authors, name only the first and add et al.

Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Alfyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston:

Allyn, 2000. Print.

Two or More Works by the Same Author List works alphabetically by title. (Remember toignore initial articles like A,An, and The.) Provide theauthor's lastname, firstnameformat for the firstentryonly.Foreach subsequent entry by the same author, use three hyphens and a period.

Hosseini, Khaled. A Thousand Splendid Suns. NewYork: Riverhead. 2007. Print

2- —. The Kite Runner. New York: Riverhead. 2003. Print

No author

Indian Slavery in ColonialAmerica. Lincoln: University ofNebraska Press, 2009. Print

Sources contained in larger works: Whenciting articles by different authors containedin one book, give the citation for each article followed by the citation for the book. These entries include page numbers.

Last name, First name ofauthor. "Title ofEssay." Title ofCollection. Ed. Editor's

Name(s). Place ofPublication: Publisher, Year. Page range ofentry.

Medium ofPublication.

Poem, or short story in an anthology:

Rilke, Rainer Maria. "Childhood Dreams." Voices:Poetry and Artfrom Aroundthe World. Ed.

Barbara Brenner. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2000. 42-43. Print

One source in a book ofcritical essays:

Baum, RosalieMurphy. "Alcoholism andFamilyAbusein Maggie andThe Bluest Eye." Toni

Morrison's The BluestEye. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Infobase, 2006. 3-18. Print

An excerpt ofan essay appearing in one volume ofa set:

Orwell, George. "Reflections on Ghandi." Partisan Review, 6 (Winter 1949), 85- 92; excerpted in

Twentieth Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 59. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995,40-3. Print.

Encyclopedia, Reference Books, Multivolume Work:

When using onlyone volume of a multivolume work, statethe numberof the volume inthe bibliographic entry. When usingtwoor more volumes of a multivolume work, citethe total number ofvolumes in the work.

Monteith, MargoJ. "Prejudice." Encyclopedia ofPsychology. Volume 6. Washington, DC:

Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.

Periodical (Print):

Authors). "Title ofArticle." Title ofPeriodical. Day Month Year: pages.

Medium ofpublication. Article in a magazine:

Connell,Caroline. "Dreamingof more sleep." Today's Parent. Feb 2011. 12-13. Print

Newspaper: Tierney, John. "Social Scientist Sees Bias Within." New York Times. 8 Feb. 2010: D1+. Print

Interview:

Personal Interview, conducted by the writer ofthe paper:

Weicker, Lowell, U.S. Senator. Personal Interview. 9 Sept. 2009.

Published Interview:

Pierleoni, Allen. Author Abraham Verghese answers questions posedbyBee readers.

McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: 15June2010. Print

Image (Painting, Photograph, Sculpture) in Print Source:

Artist'sName. Title ofwork. Dateof composition. Institution that houses the work. ^

Publicationinformation forthe source in whichthe photographofthe work

appeared. The pageor platenumber. Print

Goya, Francisco. The Family ofCharles IV. 1800. Museo del Prado, Madrid.

Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child 1890. Wichita Art Museum. American Painting: 1560-1913.

ByJohnPearce. New York: McGraw Hill, 1995. Plate 22. Print

Film or Video Recording

Original Film:

It'sa Wonderful Life. Dir.FrankCapra.RKO, 1946. Film

DVD or Other Re-release (include original release date) It's a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra, 1946. DVD Republic, 1998. DVD.

'^ss\ Broadcast Television or Radio Program: Begin with the title ofthe episode in quotation marks. Provide the name ofthe series or program in italics. Also include the network name, call letters ofthe station followed bythecity where viewed, and the date ofbroadcast End with the publication medium (e.g. Television, Radio). "Hollywood A.D." The X-Files. Fox. WXIA, Atlanta 30 April 2000. Television.

Sound Recording (Analog): List the appropriate medium at the end ofthe entry (e.g. CD, LP, Audiocassette). Beethoven, Ludwig van. The 9Symphonies. Perf. NBC Symphony Orchestra. Cond. Arturo Toscanini. RCA, 2003. CD. Whitman, Walt. Leaves ofGrass. Read by EdBegley. Caedmon, TC 1037, 1988. LP.

Electronic Resources: MLA lists electronic sources as Web Publications. Thus, when including the medium ofpublication for electronic sources, list the medium as Web. When the URL (Web address) is required, MLA suggests that the URL appear in angle brackets after the date ofaccess. Truncate URLs after slashes. Not every Web page will provide all of the following information. However, collect as much ofthe following information as possible for your citations:

Author and/or editor names (ifavailable) Article name inquotation marks (if applicable) Title ofthe Website, project, or book, in italics. (Some Print publications have Web publications with slightly different names.) Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date Take note of any page numbers (if available) Medium (Web). Date youaccessed thematerial. URL (Web address) truncated.

An Entire Web Site: Editor, author, or compiler name (ifavailable). Name ofSite. Name ofinstitution or organization, sponsor or publisher (ifavailable). Date created (ifavailable). Web.

Date ofaccess. .

Diabetes Public Health Resource. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 Jan. 2010.

Web. 18Feb. 2011 < http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes>.

5- /•"*?»., An individual document or aWeb Page that is part ofaWeb Site: Last name, First name of author. "Title of page." Name of Web Site. Date created.

Web. Date of access. < URL>. Bloy, Marjorie. "Victorian Legislation: aTimeline." Victorian Web. 20 Dec. 2006 Web. 16 April 2006. .

Newspaper, Magazine or Journal Article from Online Database: Author's name (if known). "Title of article." Title ofperiodical Volume :The document date: pages. Database name. Web. Date of access.

Markels, Alex. "Dont go in the water." USNews and World Report. 135.5.16 Aug. 2004 ProQuest. Web. 10 Oct 2009. An Image (Including aPainting, Sculpture, Photograph) from an electronic source: Provide the artist's name, the work of art italicized, the date of creation, the institution and1 city where thework is housed, name ofthe Website in italics, the medium of publication, and the date of access, truncated Internet address.

Artist's Name. Title ofwork Date of work. Institution that houses the work. image source. Web. Date of access. < URLTruncated >

From Website: Klee, Paul. Twittering Machine. 1922. Museum of Modem Art, New York. MOMA: The Collection. Web. 22 May 2006.

From Database: Claude Monet. Haystacks. 1890. Art Institute of Chicago. ARTstor. Web. 22 Oct 2004.

'™w\ E-mail (including E-mail Interviews)

Include the author ofthe message, followed by the subject line in quotation marks. State to whom to message was sent,the datethe message wassent, andthe mediumof publication.

Smith, James. "Re: Online Tutoring." Message to Ellen Frederick.

1 Dec. 2010. E-mail.

Points to Remember:

• Do not number items in the bibliography. • Present the bibliography in alphabetical order according to the author'slastnames. If thesource has no author, alphabetize according to the firstwordof the titleexcluding "a," "an," and "the." • Include pagenumbers only whenyouusea source thatis partof a largerwork. • Use reverse indentation, i.e., indent five spaces after the first line. • If your bibhography contains twoworks bythe same author, youneednot repeat the author's name a second time. Use3 hyphens anda period. Alphabetize according to thetitles ofthe works. • Separate major items with a period. Endtheentry with a period. • Double-space eachentryand double spacebetween entries.

SampleBibliography: jffp"* Bloom, Harold, ed.Stephen Crane. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. Print "Crane, Stephen (Townley) (1871-1900)." Discovering Authors. Detroit: Gale, 2003.

Discovering Collection. Web. 17Feb.2011 Gross, Theodore L and Stanley Wertheim. Hawthorne, Melville, Crane: A Critical Bibliography.

New York: Free Press, 1971. Print "Red Badge Home Page." American Studies atthe University of Virginia 12 January

2004. Web. 23 Nov. 2008. .

Red Badge ofCourage. John Huston, Dir. Warner Brothers, 1951. Warner Home Video,

2003. DVD.

Stallman, R. W. Stephen Crane: A Critical Bibliography. Ames, IA: IowaState

University Press, 1972.Print

Williams, Ames W.,andVincent Starrett. Stephen Crane: A Bibliography. New

York: Franklin, 1970. Print FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONSULT THE FOLLOWING:

OWL: Purdue OnlineWriting Lab: MLAFormatting and StyleGuide

MLA Handbookfor Writers ofResearch Papers, 7thedition. New York: The Modern Language Association ofAmerica, 2009. (REF 808.027 MLA)

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