Navigational Aids

Zenith Star Star Path Stars that appear directly above Distinctive sequences of stars an island when they are at their that rise or set in the direction zenith or highest point in the sky. of an island.

Sun Clouds Used for navigation when it is low Clouds are studied for formation, in the sky in early morning and shape and color. They are late afternoon. indicators of land hidden beyond the horizon.

Wind Swells Wind direction provides important Ocean waves or swells reflected cues for navigation. or diffracted around islands create distinctive patterns that serve to locate land.

Birds Sea Marks Large seabirds such as boobies Navigators learn to use different may be encountered far from elements encountered at sea land, while smaller birds such as as sign posts to guide them terns and noddies indicate that on their journeys. These may land is nearby. Homing birds, be submerged reefs that are which feed at sea during the day detected by a change in the colour and return to land in the evening, of the surrounding waters, or sea are especially helpful. life, even extraordinary sea life, such as dolphins or sharks that are always encountered at the same locations. graphic design stéphane rébillon design stéphane graphic The Canoe Is the People – Indigenous Navigation in the Pacific Hokkaido Vladivostok New York

Philadelphia Beijing North Korea Sea of Tianjin Japan P'yongyang Sacramento Washington Seoul Japan Honshu NORTH San Francisco United States of America China South Tokyo Nagoya Korea Pusan Osaka PACIFIC Los Angeles Cheju-Do Shikoku San Diego Shanghai Kyushu OCEAN New Orleans Guadalupe Island (Mex.) Midway Baja Ryukyu Ogasawara- Islands (US) California Trench Okinawa-Jima (Jap.) Gunto (Jap.) Gulf of Miami Minami-Tori- Hawaiian Islands (US) Shima (Jap.) Mexico Havana Taiwan Kauai Cuba Oahu Mexico Hainan Dao Honolulu Guadalajara Jamaica Mariana Mexico Northern Wake Island (US) Hawaii Revillagigedo Island (Mex.) Kingston Philippine Ridge Belize South Luzon Mariana Islands Johnston Atoll (US) China Sea (US) Guatemala Honduras Manila Saipan Sea Guam (US) Marshall Islands El Salvador Nicaragua Philippines Enewetak Managua Costa Rica Panama Yap Islands Micronesia San José Palawan Ratak Clipperton Island (Fr.) Mindanao Pohnpei Chain Davao Koror Satawai Panama Chuuk Kolonia Majuro Palmyra Atoll (US) Ralik Cocos Islands (CR) Brunei Palau Kosrae Chain Malpelo Island (Col.) Malaysia Line Federated States of Micronesia Gilbert Islands Howland Island (US) Islands Colombia Halmahera Kalimantan Tarawa Baker Island (US) Bismarck Archipelago Quito Jarvis Island (US) Galapagos Islands (Ec.) Sulawesi New Ireland Nauru Guayaquil Phoenix Islands Kiribati Malden Rabaul Ecuador Seram New Guinea Papua Bougainville Solomon Nanumea Vaiaku Indonesia New Guinea New Britain Santa Isabel Islands Polynesia Surabaya Funafuti Marquesas Islands Flores Malaita Dili Louisade Honiara Tokelau (NZ) Jawa Port Moresby Santa Cruz Tuvalu Penrhyn Flint Peru Melville Island Archipelago Guadalcanal Nukulaelae Sumba Timor- Islands Manihiki San Cristobal Samoa Amer. French Leste Rotuma Samoa (US) Suwarrow Polynesia (Fr.) Lima Wallis and Apia Pago-Pago Melanesia Banks Futuna (Fr.) Society Islands Vanua Cook Islands Tuamotu Vanuatu Port Vila Levu Tonga Islands Archipelago Viti Papeete Coral Suva Vavau Niue Levu Tahiti Loyalty Islands Sea Nuku'alofa Avarua New Fiji Tongatapu Rarotonga Caledonia (Fr.) Noumea Gambier Archipelago Sala Y Gomez Island (Ch.) Austral Archipelago Fraser Island Pitcairn Islands (UK) Australia San Felix Island (Ch.) Brisbane Easter Island (Ch.) Norfolk (Aust.) Kermadec Lord Howe Islands Island Perth Sydney Juan Fernandez Islands (Ch.) Adelaide Canberra Tasman Auckland Melbourne North Island Sea New Zealand Wellington SOUTH Chile Tasmania Hobart Christchurch South Island Chatham Islands PACIFIC Southern Chiloé Island Ocean Dunedin Stewart Island Bounty Islands OCEAN Antipodes Islands

Auckland Islands Wellington Island Campbell Island 0 100 km 500 km 1000 km Argentina 0 100 miles 500 miles 1000 miles Macquarie Islands (Aust.)

Tierra del Fuego graphic design stéphane rébillon design stéphane graphic The Canoe Is the People – Indigenous Navigation in the Pacific