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Home , Habitat, Herbivore, Marine food web

Game: Marine Web

Words you need to know A shows how each living thing gets through its food. get energy from the sun. Some eat plants (), some eat both plants and animals () and some animals eat other animals (). In a food chain, each link in the chain (or food source) becomes food for the next link in the chain. Top level predators sit at the top of the food chain. The interconnecting food chains in a particular are known as a . Food webs are complex systems. Removing or increasing a in a food web has a flow on effect and can put things out of balance. (biological diversity) refers to the variety of all living things, including plants, animals and micro- found in an ecosystem and their inter-relationships. Marine Reserves are important in maintaining biodiversity. They provide breeding grounds for many species, and enable scientists and students to study the natural balance of species.

Aim To create a Tasmanian and to promote an understanding of marine biodiversity in Tasmania.

To play 1. Split the class into 3 or 4 groups and distribute the cards amongst the groups (later when students understand how it works, groups can be joined together). 2. In their groups, identify and discuss r XIBUCSPBEHSPVQUIFJSDBSECFMPOHTUPFHNJDSPPSHBOJTN QMBOUPSBOJNBMBOEUIFOXIJDITQFDJųD HSPVQFHQMBOU DSVTUBDFBO NPMMVTD FDIJOPEFSN ųTI CJSEPSNBNNBM r XIFUIFSUIFJSDBSEJTBWFSUFCSBUFPSBOJOWFSUFCSBUF r XIFUIFSUIFJSDBSEJTBIFSCJWPSF PNOJWPSFPSDBSOJWPSF r UIFIBCJUBUUIFJSDBSESFRVJSFTFHSPDLZSFFG TBOEZCPUUPNFUD r UIFTJ[FPGUIFJSMJGFGPSNFHNJDSPTDPQJD VQUPDN DNNFUD 3. Now, create a food chain or food web in the group based on what the card forms eat and what eats them. You can demonstrate the links by placing the cards on a large piece of paper. Form rows based on XIFUIFSUIFDBSEMJGFGPSNTBSFQSPEVDFSTPSDPOTVNFSTNBLJOHTVSFUIBUQSPEVDFSTBSFBUUIFCPUUPN  followed by herbivores, with top level predators at the top of the food web. Draw in arrows from the food to the that eats it. 4. Using the Worksheet and sharing the information cards amongst the class groups, draw in arrows to show who is who and to see just how interconnected the marine food web is. Alternatively, pick one top level predator and create a food web for that animal. Compare your results with the ANSWERS sheet.

Further work r 6TFUIF.BSJOF4DFOBSJP$BSETUPFYQMPSFBOEEFCBUFUPQJDTTVDIBTPJMTQJMMT UIFQFUGPPEJOEVTUSZBOEUIF harvesting of and consider their impact on the Tasmanian . r 5IFSFIBTCFFOBQSPQPTBMUPJODSFBTFUIFTJ[FPGNBSJOFSFTFSWFTBSPVOE5BTNBOJB"NFFUJOHOFFETUPCF organised so that the can be consulted. Who are the interest groups that need to be present at the meeting? What views would each group hold? Organise a meeting and make a decision on the proposal. r 8IBUBSFUIFQSPTBOEDPOTPGBRVBDVMUVSFTVDIBTUIFTBMNPOJOEVTUSZJO5BTNBOJB

References: Edgar, G. J. (2008). Australian . The plants and animals of temperate waters. Second edition. Credits: Food web compiled by Fiona Hume and Jenni Burdon. Particular thanks to Dr Neville Barrett, Dr Graeme Edgar and Dr Craig Sanderson for their intimate knowledge of Tasmanian waters. Thanks also to Matt Dell, Dr Peter Gill, Dr Roger Kirkwood, Dr Gustaaf Hallegraeff, Anita Slotwinski for their assistance with images.

Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment

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essential for the functioning of . ecosystems. of functioning the for essential

they breakdown and decompose and animal material and are are and material animal and plant decompose and breakdown they :

live everywhere, underwater and on . land. on and underwater everywhere, live bacteria :

on earth. on

less than 1 mm. They are the smallest and most abundant living organisms organisms living abundant most and smallest the are They mm. 1 than less Size:

break down plant and animal material. animal and plant down break grow. to plants for energy provides sun The Food:

2. Bacteria Bacteria 2. Sunlight 1. MICRO- SUN

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Bacteria Sunlight ✃ ✃

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oxygen as a result. 70% of the world’s oxygen is produced by . by produced is oxygen world’s the of 70% result. a as oxygen

they make their own food from the energy of the sun and produce produce and sun the of energy the from food own their make they Function:

animals to use again. use to animals

in the surface layers of the . the of layers surface the in Habitat:

nutrients back into the ecosystem and makes them available for plants and and plants for available them makes and ecosystem the into back nutrients

bacteria help to break down . This recycles energy and and energy recycles This detritus. down break to help bacteria microscopic. Function: Size:

Detritus is decomposing plant and animal material. material. animal and plant decomposing is Detritus energy from the sun. the from energy Food:

.Pyolntn Phytoplankton 4. Detritus 3. PLANT LIKE PLANT MATTER ORGANIC DECOMPOSING

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Phytoplankton Detritus ✃ ✃

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are sand and bottoms. bottoms. reef and sand are

Seagrass is one of three primary in Tasmanian waters. The other two two other The waters. Tasmanian in habitats primary three of one is

as well as the smaller creatures and tiny plants living amongst the seagrass. the amongst living plants tiny and creatures smaller the as well as

CFDPNFTGPPE QSPWJEFEJŲFSFOUQMBDFTXIFSFNBOZųTIMJLFUPGFFE5IFHSBTT

to produce oxygen, food and habitat for many marine species. species. marine many for habitat and food oxygen, produce to Seagrass beds are like in the sea, they are very productive areas and and areas productive very are they sea, the in meadows like are beds Seagrass Function:

to produce oxygen, food and habitat for many marine species. species. marine many for habitat and food oxygen, produce to Function:

exposed reefs, where they can anchor to the rocks. the to anchor can they where reefs, exposed Habitat:

on the sandy sea floor in depths up to 30 metres. metres. 30 to up depths in floor sea sandy the on Habitat:

day. It is one of the fastest growing plants on the planet. the on plants growing fastest the of one is It day.

DNJOB JUTMFBWFT GSPOET DBOHSPXVQUPNFUSFTMPOHBOEDBOHSPX 40 cm. 40 Size: Size:

energy from the sun. the from energy energy from the sun. the from energy Food: Food:

) tasmanica Heterozostera – eelgrass Tasmanian (e.g. ) pyrifera Macrocystis – kelp Giant (e.g.

6. Seagrass Seagrass 6. Brown 5. PLANT LIKE PLANT

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Seagrass – giant kelp ✃ ✃

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(including baleen whales). baleen (including

ENBNNBMT LSJMMJTFBUFOCZBWBSJFUZPGPSHBOJTNTTVDIBTųTI CJSETBO Function:

relying on water currents to move them around. them move to currents water on relying bodies. their

they occur in large swarms in spring and summer and swim weakly, weakly, swim and summer and spring in swarms large in occur they surround that hairs) (tiny cilia of action the by move many Behaviour: Behaviour:

inshore waters. waters. inshore water. deep and shallow Habitat: Habitat:

DN "OUBSDUJDLSJMMDN  microscopic. Size: Size:

QIZUPQMBOLUPOBOEPUIFSNJDSP[PPQMBOLUPO algae, phytoplankton, detritus. detritus. phytoplankton, algae, Food: Food:

) australis Nyctiphanes – Southern (e.g. ) (e.g.

8. Macro zooplankton Macro 8. Micro-zooplankton 7. MICRO-ORGANISM

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Macro zooplankton (e. g. krill) Micro-zooplankton (e. g. ciliate) ✃ ✃

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that they can predate upon this urchin. this upon predate can they that

scientists are releasing rock lobster into some affected areas so so areas affected some into lobster rock releasing are scientists Management:

where they are in high numbers, they will kill kelp communities. communities. kelp kill will they numbers, high in are they where Behaviour:

particles from the water. the from particles lobster numbers and warmer surface from the EAC. EAC. the from temperatures surface warmer and numbers lobster

UJOZGPPE CZXBWJOHJUTHJMMTJOUIFXBUFSJUAųMUFSGFFETBOEFYUSBDUT Behaviour: established in high numbers in eastern Tasmanian waters due to depleted rock rock depleted to due waters Tasmanian eastern in numbers high in established

from mainland Australia on the East Australia Current (EAC). They may have have may They (EAC). Current Australia East the on Australia mainland from

hundreds live together on rocky, exposed platforms. exposed rocky, on together live hundreds Habitat:

Recorded to a at 70m off the Tasman Peninsula. It is slowly spreading south south spreading slowly is It Peninsula. Tasman the off 70m at a to Recorded

DNMPOH Size: GPVOEJOTIBMMPXXBUFSBOENPTUBCVOEBOUBUEFQUITPGN Habitat:

NJDSPTDPQJD[PPQMBOLUPO Food: 20 cm (10 cm body and 10cm spines). 10cm and body cm (10 cm 20 Size:

JOWFSUFCSBUFTTVDIBTCSZ[PBOTBOEMBSHFBMHBFTVDIBTLFMQ Food:

) rodgersii Centrostephanus ( ) pulex Limnoperna (

10. Long-spined urchin urchin Long-spined 10. 9. ECHINODERM MOLLUSC

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Long-spined urchin Mussel ✃ ✃

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local bays. local

volunteer groups sometimes remove these seastars from their their from seastars these remove sometimes groups volunteer Management:

partially digest food outside their body. their outside food digest partially

destroying marine communities. communities. marine destroying

OEUIFZ NPWFBOEųOEJUTGPPE5IFJSTUPNBDIDPNFTPVUPGUIFJSNPVUIB

it is an active predator that consumes many marine species and is is and species marine many consumes that predator active an is it Behaviour:

like other seastars, it is slow moving and uses its ‘tubed feet’ to to feet’ ‘tubed its uses and moving slow is it seastars, other like Behaviour:

as sand, but is also found on sheltered reefs. reefs. sheltered on found also is but sand, as

it in rock pools, sheltered reefs up to 10 m depth. m 10 to up reefs sheltered pools, rock in lives it Habitat:

an from Asia that lives mostly on soft bottoms such such bottoms soft on mostly lives that Asia from species introduced an Habitat:

VQUPDN Size:

up to 23 cm. 23 to up Size:

algae, detritus, . detritus, algae, Food:

mussels and . and mussels

VDIBT TFBTRVJSUT TQPOHFT PUIFSTQFDJFTPGTFBTUBSTBOETIFMMųTIT Food:

) amurensis Asterias ( ) calcar Meridiastra (

12. North Pacific seastar seastar Pacific North 12. seastar Eight-armed 11. ECHINODERM ECHINODERM

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North Pacific seastar Eight-armed seastar ✃ ✃

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consumption and for pet food. food. pet for and consumption

anchovy are commercially exploited for human for exploited commercially are anchovy Human interactions: Human

spread throughout the water column, coming to the surface to feed. feed. to surface the to coming column, water the throughout spread

marine feeding on them. on feeding mammals marine

they gather close to the seabed during the day and at night they they night at and day the during seabed the to close gather they Behaviour:

ųTI TFBCJSETBOE MBSHFBSFBPGSJQQMJOHPOUIFTFBTVSGBDFBOEUIFNBTTPGPUIFS

found in the from the surface down to 800 metres. metres. 800 to down surface the from ocean the in found a by noticed often is presence their and schools huge form they Habitat: Behaviour:

1 year. 1 waters. deep and coastal Life span: Life Habitat:

DN up to 40 cm. cm. 40 to up Size: Size:

QIZUPQMBOLUPO [PPQMBOLUPO DSVTUBDFBOTBOEųTI Food: Food:

(PVMETTRVJEm ) gouldi Nototodarus ) australis Engraulis (

14. Squid Squid 14. Anchovy 13. MOLLUSC FISH

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Squid Anchovy ✃ ✃

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watched and studied. studied. and watched

Maria Island Marine Reserve provides a place where natural can be be can populations natural where place a provides Reserve Marine Island Maria

DPNNFSDJBMMZųTIFEJO5BTNBOJB BDIZFBS DPOUSPMTPOIPXNBOZ BOEUIFNJOJNVNTJ[FTUIBUDBOCFUBLFOF Human interactions: Human

an important commercial species in Tasmania. There are are There Tasmania. in species commercial important an Human interactions: Human

manipulate their bodies into tiny cracks and crevices. crevices. and cracks tiny into bodies their manipulate

they hide during the day and come out at night to feed. They can can They feed. to night at out come and day the during hide they During the day they remain stationary. remain they day the During Behaviour:

UIFZBSFNPTUBDUJWFBUOJHIU XIFOUIFZDBONPWFVQUPN Behaviour:

it lives on the sandy bottom of the sea often amongst gardens. gardens. sponge amongst often sea the of bottom sandy the on lives it Habitat:

rocky reefs in water 1-200 m deep. deep. m 1-200 water in reefs rocky Habitat:

1 year. 1 m. 1.2 Life span: Life Size:

they are believed to live for up to 20 years and possibly longer. possibly and years 20 to up for live to believed are they Life span: Life

mussels and even themselves!). even and mussels

JODMVEJOH SPDLMPCTUFS TUBSųTI TFBVSDIJOT DSVTUBDFBOTBOENPMMVTDT UIFJSDBSBQBDFJTVQUPDN OPUJODMVEJOHUIFMFHT  Food: Size:

NPMMVTDT TNBMMDSVTUBDFBOT FDIJOPEFSNTBOETFBTTRVJSUT Food:

) edwardsii Jasus ( ) maorum – octopus (Maori

Octopus 15. 16. Southern rock lobster or or lobster rock Southern 16. CRUSTACEAN MOLLUSC

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Southern rock lobster Octopus ✃ ✃

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a decline in its . population. its in decline a

PIBWFDBVTFE JOEVTUSZ0WFSųTIJOHBOEJODSFBTJOHXBUFSUFNQFSBUVSFTBQQFBSU

NPOJE  XBUFSTBOEXBTDBVHIUUPNBLFųTIGPPEGPSUIFBRVBDVMUVSF TBM their name from the set of bristles on either side of the rear of the body. body. the of rear the of side either on bristles of set the from name their

Jack mackerel was once very abundant in Tasmanian Tasmanian in abundant very once was mackerel Jack sandpaper like skin and a defensive spine on the top of their heads. They get get They heads. their of top the on spine defensive a and skin like sandpaper Human interactions: Human

UIFZIBWFTIBSQUFFUIGPSTDSBQJOHBMHBFPŲTVSGBDFTSPVHI Behaviour:

inshore.

BUFST UPPUICSVTIMFBUIFSKBDLFUTBSFBDPNNPOSFFGųTIJO5BTNBOJBOX large schools occur in open water, while small schools are common common are schools small while water, open in occur schools large Habitat: Habitat:

VQUPZFBST DN 32 cm. 32 Size: Life span: Life Size:

LSJMMBOEPUIFS[PPQMBOLUPO NPMMVTDTBOEųTI eat small , algae and sea grass. grass. sea and algae invertebrates, small eat Food: Food:

) declivis Trachurus ( ) vittiger Acanthaluteres – leatherjacket (Toothbrush

18. Jack mackerel mackerel Jack 18. Leatherjacket 17. FISH FISH

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Jack mackerel Toothbrush leatherjacket ✃ ✃

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slowly recovering. slowly

ųTIFEJO5BTNBOJB

were heavily exploited during the whaling industry and populations are now now are populations and industry whaling the during exploited heavily were

stocks collapsed in the 1970’s and have never recovered. It is still commercially commercially still is It recovered. never have and 1970’s the in collapsed stocks

around Hobart that the noise kept people awake at night. They They night. at awake people kept noise the that Hobart around estuary

JUXBTPODFUIFNBJOųTIGPSUIFųTIBOEDIJQJOEVTUSZCVU Human interactions: Human

in the early days, there were so many in the Derwent Derwent the in many so were there days, early the in Human interactions: Human

jumping out of the water whilst pursuing prey. prey. pursuing whilst water the of out jumping

our winter. our

TFFO UIFZBSFBMBSHF QSFEBUPSZ TDIPPMJOHųTIXIJDIJTTPNFUJNFT Behaviour:

Antarctic waters and migrates to southern Australian waters to breed during during breed to waters Australian southern to migrates and waters Antarctic

the southern right whale is a that spends summer in in summer spends that whale baleen a is whale right southern the m. 200 of depth a to ocean open and bays coastal Behaviour: Habitat:

N coastal bays and ocean. and bays coastal years. 60 least at years. 10 to up Life span: Life Size: Habitat: span: Life

TNBMMDSVTUBDFBOT FHLSJMM ųTIBOETRVJE up to18 m. m. to18 up krill. Food: Size: Food:

) australis Eubalaena ( ) atun Thyrstes (

20. Southern right whale whale right Southern 20. Barracouta 19. FISH

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Southern right whale Barracouta ✃ ✃

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Ocean each year. There is some harvesting by for food. food. for humans by harvesting some is There year. each Ocean

NPSFUIBOCJSETESPXOJOųTIJOHOFUTJOUIF1BDJųD Human interactions Human

Setting ‘gill nets’ across bay entrances does trap and drown them. drown and trap does entrances bay across nets’ ‘gill Setting H LNTUPUIFOPSUIFSOIFNJTQIFSF SFUVSOJOHBHBJOJOTQSJO

humans and dogs on beaches can disturb little . penguins. little disturb can beaches on dogs and humans Human interactions: Human Sept -Apr, nesting in burrows in the sand. In autumn they leave Tasmania and fly fly and Tasmania leave they autumn In sand. the in burrows in nesting -Apr, Sept

the most numerous in Australia (20 million). They breed breed They million). (20 Australia in seabird numerous most the Behaviour: They commonly dive to just 10 metres but can dive to over 70 m. 70 over to dive can but metres 10 just to dive commonly They

they forage during the day and return to their burrows at night. night. at burrows their to return and day the during forage they Behaviour: They forage far from Tasmania and even to Antarctic waters. Antarctic to even and Tasmania from far forage They

on islands and around the coast of southern Australia. Australia. southern of coast the around and islands on nest Habitat: 6-7 years but have been known to live up to 20 years. 20 to up live to known been have but years 6-7 Life span: Life

wingspan up to 1m to up wingspan Size: They feed mainly in inshore waters around the coast. the around waters inshore in mainly feed They

they nest in burrows along the coast but mostly on off shore islands. islands. shore off on mostly but coast the along burrows in nest they Habitat: LSJMM TRVJEBOEųTI Food:

ųTI TRVJE PDUPQVT TFBIPSTF LSJMM 33 cm 33 Food: Size:

muttonbird muttonbird ) tenuirostris Puffinus ( ) minor Eudyptula (

22. Little penguin Little 22. or shearwater Short-tailed 21. BIRD BIRD

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Little penguin Short-tailed shearwater ✃ ✃

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albatrosses are caught each year around the world). the around year each caught are albatrosses

serious decline. serious

VQUP BDDJEFOUMZDBVHIUBOEESPXOPOUIFMPOHMJOFTPGųTIJOHCPBUT

UIFZBSFųTIFEDPNNFSDJBMMZBOEUIFJSQPQVMBUJPOTBSFJO Human interactions: Human

like other albatross species, shy albatross albatross are are albatross albatross shy species, albatross other like Human interactions: Human

are migratory and can travel thousands of kilometres in a year. year. a in kilometres of thousands travel can and migratory are

ųTIBOECJSECPOFT

IFZ UIFZBSFBWFSZGBTUTXJNNJOHTQFDJFTBOEDBOEJWFUPN5 Behaviour:

nest is bowl shaped and made of , droppings, , feathers, rocks, rocks, feathers, vegetation, droppings, mud, of made and shaped bowl is nest

live up to 40 years. 40 to up live Life span: Life

they breed from September to April and lay one egg a year. Their Their year. a egg one lay and April to September from breed they Behaviour:

they occur in open ocean. open in occur they Habitat:

EFFQXBUFSTXJUIJOLNPGUIFCSFFEJOHDPMPOZ

nest on three islands around Tasmania. They forage in coastal and and coastal in forage They Tasmania. around islands three on nest they can grow to over 2 m in length and weigh up to 200 kg. 200 to up weigh and length in m 2 over to grow can they Habitat: Size:

XJOHTQBOUPN ųTI TRVJE PDFBOJDJOWFSUFCSBUFT they may live for up to 60 years. 60 to up for live may they Size: Food: span: Life

ųTI TRVJEBOEDSVTUBDFBOT Food:

) maccoyii Thunnus ( ) cauta cauta Thalassarche (

24. Southern blue fin tuna fin blue Southern 24. albatross Shy 23. FISH BIRD

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Southern blue fin tuna Shy albatross ✃ ✃

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tuna nets. tuna

ųTI JOUIFT4FBMTDBODBVTFQSPCMFNTBUųTIGBSNTCZUBLJOH

UIFZBSFBDDJEFOUBMMZDBVHIUJOųTIJOHOFUT QBSUJDVMBSMZ Human interactions: Human

industry when hundreds of thousands of seals were slaughtered for their skins skins their for slaughtered were seals of thousands of hundreds when industry

they almost became extinct as a result of the sealing sealing the of result a as extinct became almost they easier to catch and eat. eat. and catch to easier Human interactions: Human

They work together to herd their prey into tight a ball which makes them them makes which ball a tight into prey their herd to together work They

nearly 10 minutes. 10 nearly

they can occur in large groups or pods (up to 1000 animals). animals). 1000 to (up pods or groups large in occur can they Behaviour:

they can dive as deep as 100 metres and can hold their breath for for breath their hold can and metres 100 as deep as dive can they Behaviour:

BUMFBTUZFBST Life span: Life

open waters as far as 600 km from their breeding colony. breeding their from km 600 as far as waters open

they breed on rocky islands in Bass Strait and forage in inshore and and inshore in forage and Strait Bass in islands rocky on breed they sheltered bays and open ocean. open and bays sheltered Habitat: Habitat:

VQUPNBOEXFJHIVQUPLH 10-12 years in the wild, up to 20 years in captivity. in years 20 to up wild, the in years 10-12 Life span: Life Size:

ųTI TRVJE PDUPQVT TRVJEBOEųTI XFJHIVQUPLHTBOEMFOHUIUPN Food: Food: Size:

) delphis Delphinus ( ) doriferus pusillus Arctocephalus (

26. Common dolphin dolphin Common 26. seal fur Australian 25. MAMMAL MAMMAL

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Common dolphin Australian fur seal ✃ ✃

✃

CZDBUDIXJUIųTIFSJFT5IFZBSFOPXQSPUFDUFE

ųTIJOHMJOFT

the population is declining due to deliberate and and hunting deliberate to due declining is population the Human interactions: Human

PSDBTTPNFUJNFTGPMMPXųTIJOHCPBUTBOEUBLFųTIGSPN Human interactions: Human

live prey or dead animals. dead or prey live

JOEJWJEVBMT5IFNBMFIBTBMBSHFEPSTBMųO

they have a very strong sense of smell which they use to track down down track to use they which smell of sense strong very a have they Behaviour:

the orca is a toothed whale that lives in groups (pods) of 3 to 30 30 to 3 of (pods) groups in lives that whale toothed a is orca the Behaviour:

the ‘great white’ lives in the open ocean. ocean. open the in lives white’ ‘great the Habitat:

open ocean and coastal bays. coastal and ocean open Habitat:

over 30 years 30 over Life span: Life

up to 80 years. years. 80 to up Life span: Life

VQUPN Size:

up to 9 m. 9 to up Size:

SPDLMPCTUFS TFBMT EPMQIJOT XIBMFT TIBSLT ųTIBOECJSET Food:

TRVJE ųTIBOENBSJOFNBNNBMT Food:

) carcharias Carcharodon ( ) orca Orcinus ( whale Killer

28. Great white shark shark white Great 28. Orca 27. FISH MAMMAL

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Great white shark Orca ✃ ✃

✃

IVNBOTFHCMVFųOUVOB KBDLNBDLFSFMBOESPDLMPCTUFS

NBOZNBSJOFTQFDJFTBSFJOEFDMJOFEVFUPPWFSųTIJOHCZ Human interactions: Human

and oysters. oysters. and

They hunt for food but also ‘farm’ species for consumption e.g. salmon, tuna tuna salmon, e.g. consumption for species ‘farm’ also but food for hunt They

human beings are omnivorous, eating a wide variety of food. food. of variety wide a eating omnivorous, are beings human Behaviour:

live on land but forage for food on land and in the sea. the in and land on food for forage but land on live Habitat:

up to 1.8 m m 1.8 to up 80 years. 80 Size: Life span: Life

JODMVEFųTI SPDLMPCTUFS TRVJE PDUPQVT BOEFWFOLSJMM

a variety of from both the land and the sea. Sea foods favoured favoured foods Sea sea. the and land the both from foods of variety a Food:

) sapiens sapiens Homo (

29. Human being being Human 29. MAMMAL

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Human being ✃ ✃ Worksheet: Tasmanian Marine Food Web Diagram

Draw in lines with arrows to show the flow of energy up the food chain. (Check the ANSWERS to see how you went.)

1. Sun

28. Great white shark 29. Human 27. Orca

26. Common dolphin 23. Shy albatross 25. Australian fur seal

24. Blue fin tuna 20. Southern right whale 22. Little penguin

19. Barracouta 21. Short-tailed shearwater 18. Jack mackerel

16. Southern rock lobster 17. Toothbrush leatherjacket 15. Maori octopus

14. Gould’s squid 13. Anchovy 10. Long-spined urchin

12. North Pacific seastar 11. Eight-armed seastar

9. Flea mussel 7. Micro-zooplankton (ciliate) 8. Macro-zooplankton (krill)

2. Bacteria 3. Detritus 6. Seagrass 4. Phytoplankton 5. Giant kelp