THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 11, NO. 3 AUGUST 1985
Meriwether Lewis's Newfoundland Dog "Seaman" -A Member of the Exploring Party Monture ("Seamans") Creek, Powell County, Montana - See Story on Page 5 President Sherman's Message THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL As a small boy in grade school, I HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. became an a vid reader. Like most Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporatian Act IRS Exemption small boys , I devoured books on Certificate No. 501 (C)(3) - Identification No. 51-0187715 heroes, desperadoes , white knights a nd deeds of derring-do. By the time OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE I'd reached high school level, I'd President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President begun to learn that some of my William P. Sherman L Edwin Wang John E. Foote heroes had clay feet. That knowl 8885 S.W. Canyon Road 6013 St. Jo'1ns Ave. 1205 Rimhaven Way edge generat ed an antipathy for the Portland, OR 97225 Minneapolis, MN 55424 Billings, MT 59102 authors who had misled me, which I can only describe as a "grudge". Edrie Lee Vinson, Secretary John E. Walker, Treasurer P.O. Box 1651 200 Market St., Suite 1177 Studying history at the collegiate Red Lodge, MT 59068 Portland, OR 97201 level, I came to understand that the Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary, 5054 S.W. 26th Place. Portland, OR 97201 word "history" is a man y faceted term . If you really want the truth, DIRECTORS you must sort and dig, ad infinitum. There was certainly nothing new in Todd Berens Roy D . Craft Margaret Norris Santa Ana, CA Stevenson, WA Fayetteville, NY my discovery, but it wa s new to me. Harold Billian Viola Forrest Charles C. Patton It isn't surprising to realize that we Villanova, PA Walla Walla, WA Springfield, IL now know far more about the Robert Bivens H. John Montague James P. Ronda ancient Egyptians than the Egyp Great Falls, MT Marietta. GA Youngstown, OH tians themselves did at the time of Robert C. Carriker Gary E. Moulton Robert L. Taylor Christ. Spokane, WA Lincoln, NE Washington. DC Certainly it is a responsbility of our Arlen J . large, Washington. DC, immediate Past President is a Foundation Director Foundation to seek out the truth regarding the Expedition and all of PAST PRESIDENTS - DIRECTORS EX OFFICIO the aspects related to it. Our much Edwynne P. Murphy, 1970 Gary Leppert, 1974-75 Bob Saindon, 1979-80 respected ma gazine, We Proceeded St. Louis, Missouri Butte, Montana Helena, Montana On, provides a unique national ve E.G. Chuinard. M .D .• 1971 Wilbur P. Werner, 1975-76 Irving W. Anderson, 1980-81 hicle for disseminating the truth Tigard. Oregon Cut Bank, Montana Portland, Oregon a nd dispelling the myth. We must John Greenslit, 1972 Clarence H . Decker. 1976-77 V . Strode Hinds, 1981-82 pursue that course regardless of the Lansing, Michigan East Alton, Illinois Sioux City, Iowa toes we may tread upon. Lynn Burris, 1972-1973 Gail M. Stensland. 1977-78 Hazel Bain, 1982-83 Topeka, Kansas Fort Benton, Montana Longview, Washington Our Young Adult and Junior essay Robert E. Lange, 1973-74 Mitchell Doumit, 1978-79 Arlen J . Large, 1983-84 (can 't on facing p age) Portland, Oregon Cathlamet, Washington Washington. O.C. Cover Illustration ABOUT THE FOUNDATION Our cover illustration is of the New foundland dog "Kessler", courtesy of The purpose of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation. Inc .• is to stimulate nationally: public interest in matters relating to the Lewis and Clark Expedition; the contributions to American history made by the Sweetbay Newfoundlands, Judi a nd expedition members; and events of time and place concerning and following the expedition which are of Ellis Adler, Sherwood, Oregon. At historical import to our nation. The Foundation recognizes the value of tourist-oriente d programs. and suooorts activities which enhance the enjoyment and understandina of the lewis and Clark storv. The scooe. tendees at the Founda tion's 10th of the activities of the foundation are broad and diverse. and include involvement in pursuits which. in the Annual Meeting, August, 1978, Van judgment of the Directors are. of historical worth or contempora ry social values, and commensurate· with the heritage ot Lewis and Clark. The actiyities of the National Foundation are intended to compliment and couver, Washington , will recall that supplement those of state and local lewis and Clark interest groups. The Foundation may appropriately " Kessler" made an appeara nce at recognize and honor individuals or groups for: art works of distinction; achievement in the broad field of lewis and Clark historical research; writing; or de eds which promote the genera l purpose and s cope of one of the a nnual meeting a fternoon activities of the Foundation. Membership in the organization comprises a broad spectrum of Lewis and events, and became a friend of Clark enthusiasts including Federal. State. and local government officla~. historians. scholars. and others of wide ranging Lewis and Clark interests. Officers of the Foundation ere elected from the membership. The members and guests. Earlier in the Annual Meeting of the Foundation is traditionally held during August. the birth month of both Meriwether week severa l members attended The Lewis and William Clark. The meeting place is rotated among the States. and tours generally are arranged to visit sites in the area of the Annual Me eting which have historic association with the Lewis and Clark Newfoundland Club of A m erica Expedition. Water Test event, at Kelley Point Park, Portla nd, Oregon (at the con WE PROCEEDED ON ISSN 0275-6706 E.G. CHU/NARD. M .D .. FOUNDER fluence of the Willamett.e a nd Colum bia Rivers). Here "Kessler " a nd other We Proceeded On is the official publication of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, dogs of his breed demonstra ted a nd Inc. The publication' s name is derived from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the of collective journals of the famous Expedition. competed in a variety tests and exercises: Underwater retrieve; Life PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Ring tow; Retrieve from dock; Take a line and tow a boat; Directed retrieve; Robert E. Lange, Editor and Committee Chairman. 5054 S.W . 26th Place, Portland. OR a nd Rescue. Those of us who wit 97201 nessed these demonstrations came Irving W . Anderson E.G. Chuinard a way thoroughly in accord with Box LC-1 96 Lewis & Clark College 15537 S.W. Summerfield Lane Meriwether Lewis's judgement and Portland, OR 9721 9 Tigard, OR 97223 choice of the breed of dog to accom pany the exploring enterprise. Lewis Paul R . Cutright Donald Jackson Gary E. Moulton wrote: " ... th e dog was of the New 312 Summit Avenue 3920 Old Stage Road Love Library - Univ. Nebraska Jenkintown, PA 19046 Colorado Springs, CO 80906 Lincoln, NE 68588 foundland breed one that I prised much for his docility a nd qualifica· Bob Saindon Wilbur P. Werner tions for my journey . . . . I h ad given 1 72 Briarwood P.O. Box 438 Helena. MT 59601 Cut Bank. MT 59427 20$ for this dogg ..." A tidy sum for a dog in 1803!
-2- We Proceeded On, July 1985 con test experiences have demon News Notes the Nebraska site by Burlington strated that the Lewis and Clark Lolo Trail Expeditions, a licensed Northern early in June and will be materials in our nation's libraries and bonded outfitter and guide serv used to construct three walls2 of the are thin indeed. They tend to be ice at Kamiah, Idaho, have an replica of the fort, along with the "popular" as opposed to authentic nounced that they will offer "The rough window casings, rafters, and writings. We have a great opportu Experience of a Lifetime" in six day for crude furnishings such as nity to stop trouble before it gets - 80 mile trail rides along the Lolo bunks, tables and chairs. Comment started by developing an approved Trail in the Bitterroot Mountains of ing on Burlington Northern's gift of Junior Bibliography and an ap northern Idaho - the route tra the materials, Steve Kemper, Super proved General Bibliography. versed by the Lewis and Clark intendent of Fort Atkinson State When published by the Foundation, Expedition in 1805 and 1806. Activ Pa1·k said: "We h ave not tried to put they should be widely disseminated ity will begin July 14, and the last a monetary value on it, but it is a to libraries throughout our nation's ride is scheduled for August 30. Jim very substantial don ation." Ea rlier library system. Davis, Patricia Rush, and Bill Rey this year the Burlington Northern The development of such bibliogra nolds are the principa ls in this Foundation and the Peter Kiewit phies is an onerous task which enterprise, and they may be con Foundation each contributed would need the objective appraisals tacted by writing Lolo Trail Expedi $150,000 to t h e Nebraska State of our best scholars. The project tions, P.O. Box 985, Kamiah, Idaho Game and Parks Foundation for the construction of a visitor's center at would need funding to insure distri 83536, or by calling 208-935-0303. Fort Atkinson. bution of the published biblio * * * * * * graphic listings. It would be a most "An Evening with Captain William The s ite of Fort Atkinson was rewarding contribution by our Clark" is the title of a program visited by the Lewis a nd Clark Foundation for the accurate study developed for presentation to histor Expedition in 1804, a nd Clark's of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, journal en try for August 3, 1804 ical society, school, black powder and should be undertaken forth stated: " ... perhaps no other Situa with. gun club, and service club meetings. Michael E. Dotson, Crest Hill (near tion is as well Calculated for a Trad Joliet), Illinois, dressed in buck ing establishment ..."In the 1820s skins portrays Captain William Fort Atkinson was the first military Clark and during a 45 minute pro establishment constructed west of the Mississippi River and was of gram tells the story of the famous great service and importance to the Expedition along with the display mountain men and fur traders and of armaments and other pertinent memorabilia. Dotson says: "There the place were significant Indian treaties were negotiated. aren't too many folks up this way ' ,i< ·~> who are knowledgeable about the Nicholas Kirkmire, vice-president Lewis and Clark Expedition, and of corporate affairs for Pl um Creek Gremlins Thwart my programs have interested indi Timber Company said that the logs WPO Proofreaders viduals who are busy reading the and lumber came from trees har DeVoto condensation of the Cap vested between November 1984 and It seems that no matter how care tains' journals." Foundation mem February 1985 and that some of the fully the galleys are read and the ber Dotson is a teacher of art, and trees were obviously seedlings when final format is checked for each by avocation is an experienced back the Lewis and Clark enterprise trav issue of We Proceeded On, we al woodsman and an enthusiastic stu eled through the forest lands in ways have one or two literary inex dent of Lewis and Clark and their Montana that are now managed by actitudes. A case in point is the party's exploring enterprise. He his company. front page copy for the previous advises that he will attend the 1. A board foot, a standard measure in forest May 1985 issue where in our origi Foundation's annual meeting in St. products, is a piece of lumber one inch thick, nal copy given our press we care Louis. one foot long, and one foot wide. fully left the letter "e" off of the 2. One wall of the fort has been previously word "welcom" just as Clark did in * * * * * * constructed and was funded by Federal money his handwritten journal entry for and ma terial obtained from Colorado and Foundation Director Gary Moulton, September 23, 1806. Our copy to the upper New York state. press also included the instruction Lincoln, Nebraska has supplied a "Clark's spelling, capitalization, clipping from The May 21, 1985 is * * * * * * sue of Lincoln Journal newspaper and punctuation to be verbatim". It A news release from Radio Station is hard to spell a simple word incor that relates to the article published in the February issue of We Pro KGLT- FM - 92, Bozeman, Mon rectly and when our press set the tana, tells of the station's project to type they unconsciously spelled ceeded On (Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 8) con cerning the expansion and develop produce a radio dramatization of "welcome" correctly, and further, the Lewis and Clark Expedition when we were proofing the galleys ment of historic Fort Atkinson - a Nebraska State Park facility. through Montana. KGLT-FM, the and checking the format, we missed radio station of Montana State the discrepancy. The incongruity is The May 21 newspaper story re University, will, during the coming all the more embarrassing and ri ports that the Plum Creek Timber year, produce three half-hour radio diculous since we took great pains Company, Inc., a wholly owned dramas based on the actual jour to use Clark's misspelling of "wel subsidiary of Burlington Northern nals of the Lewis and Clark Expedi com" in the quotation from Win Corporation, located in Montana tion. The three segments will cover ifred George, and in the box in has donated 500,000 board feet of only the westward path of the ex column three on page two where we log and 200,000 board feet of lum plorers through Montana. wrote about the "Cover Illustra ber' for the reconstruction of Fort tion". The proofreaders "struck Atkinson as it existed from 1820 to The project director will be Peter out" again! 1827. The lodgepole pine logs and Hirsch, KGTL's Program Director, Editor rough-sawn lumber was shipped to (continued on page 4)
We Proceeded On, July 1985 -3- and Barrett Golding, KGTL, will be Montana" (WPO Supplementary Author Olson implies that the use of the producer. The scripts will be Publication No. 8) presented at last Roman numerals on the various written by William Kittredge of August's 16th Annual Banquet. parts of the gun in his collection Missoula, who co-authored the may be an indication that the rifles script to the nationally-successful Updating Lewis & Clark manufactured at the arsenal for the film "Heartland". Golding is the Expedition may have been identi winner of the 1984 Radio Program In Recent Periodicals fied with Roman numerals rather of the Year Award from Montana The armaments of the Lewis and than the usual Arabic numerals. He Broadcaster's Association. Mon Clark Expedition have been a sub writes: "The stock has an old break tana actors and musicians will at ject of great interest to gun fanciers from the breech down at an angle tend auditions later this summer, and collectors throughout the na through the trigger assembly . ... and history scholars from around tion. Frequent articles appear in All parts of this rifle have roman the state and country will advise periodicals dealing with firearms numeral III assembly number, the staff on historical, Indian, and and the May 1985 issue of the Amer while the barrel tang bolt located at technical topics. 'ican Rifleman magazine contains the break in the stock, has a roman Funding for the project has come an extensive five and one-third numeral VI. It is a Harpers Fen·y from the Burlington Northern Foun page dissertation by Kirk Olson, rifle bolt that was probably a field dation, Montana State University's titled: "A Lewis & Clark Gun?" replacement at the time of the break." Office of Telecommunications, and Olson's theme is about the Harpers from the State of Montana through Ferry Arsenal's 15 rifles made for the Cultural and Aesthetic Projects: Captain Lewis and the Expedition. Lewis a nd Clark enthusiasts, who Olson's article is profusely illus Coal Tax Fund. Furth er funds will have a special interest in the arma be needed to complete the produc trated to support his theory that a ments carried by the exploring tion. The series is scheduled to be rifle in his possession might be one enterprise, will want to read and completed by the end of 1985, and of the Arsenal's Lewis and Clark study Olson's article. It is well writ taped programs will be distributed firearms, and he states, when dis ten and illustrated, and "gunners" without charge to Montana radio cussing his prized possession, that: will want to make their own deci "This is the only known short rifle stations. Tapes will also be made sions as to whether or not Olson available for schools, libraries, and that precedes the Model 1803 to owns a Harpers Ferry Arsenal rifle historical institutions. Th e series show such hard usage, damage and that went to the Pacific and back will be titled "The Corps of Discov repairs that fit incidents described with the explorers. Olson sums up in the Journals of Lewis and Clark. ery: Lewis and Clark in Montana". his discourse by saying: "It is quite I feel that it has the greatest chance a 'coincidence' and really exciting Foundation members Merrill Bur of being the only survinging short lingame, Bob Saindon, Hal Stearns, to hold these sad remains and think rifle used by Lewis and Clark." about the greatest adventure in Wilbur Werner, Edrie Vinson, Bob Further, he remarks: "The fact that American history, and the proud Bergantino, and Harry Fritz are any rifle could survive two years of guns of Capt. Lewis." Montanans who will be consulted torturous use on the Lewis and by the production staff. The Clark Expedition and be sold at Most libraries have copies of the Foundation's Portage Route Chap public auction in St. Louis to the American Rifleman in their period ter, Great Falls, and the Headwa earliest of American mountain ical sections. The article appeared ters Chapter, Bozeman, have been men and survive many more years in the May 1985, Volume 133, No. 5, contacted. A recent order received of use is really a miracle. This short issue of the magazine. The editor is by WPO Publications from KGLT rifle is, to the author's knowledge, indebted to Foundation member was for two copies of Dr. Harry the only known predecessor of the Bob Taylor, Washington, D.C. who Fritz' published annual banquet Model 1803 short rifle in existence. sent along a copy of the magazine, address "Meriwether Lewis and It is so similar, yet so different in its and to many others who directed William Clark and the Discovery of earlier features." his attention to the article.
(Relates to Feature Story on Facing Page)
Editor's note: Foundation member Donald Jackson, Colo (1974 and 1978). He was the recipient of the Foundation's rado Springs, Colorado, is familiar to many Lewis and Award of Meritorious Achievement in 1974. Clark enthusiasts. For thirty years, one of the many inter Donald Jackson's other contributions to historical litera ests of this eminent historian has been his study and liter ture are: Blach Hawk: An Autobiography, 1955; The Jour ary contributions related to the Lewis and Clark Expedi nals of Zebulon Montgomery Pille: With Letters and tion - the Journals, Letters and Documents of the famous Related Documents, (Editor, 2 volumes) 1966; Custer's exploring enterprise. His Letters of the Lewis and Clark Gold: The U.S. Cavalry Expedition of 1874, 1966; The Expedition with Related Documents, 1783-1854, was first Expeditions of John Charles Fremont, (Editor with Mary published in a single (728 page) volume in 1962, and in Lee Spence, 2 volumes) 1970-1973; George Washington and 1978, a second edition in two volumes (806 pages) with the War of Independence, 1976; The Diaries of George additional documents and notes, was iss ued by his press Washington, (Editor with Dorothy Twohig, 6 volumes) (reviewed in WPO, Vo. 4, No. 2). In 1981, readers of western 1976-1979; Valley Men: A Speculative Account of the history found Jackson's Thomas Jefferson and the Stony Arkansas Expedition of 1807, (Fiction) 1983. A new book: Mountains: Exploring the West from Monticello a new Voyages of the Steamboat Yellow Stone, further described study " .. . on the aspect of Jefferson's career which gave on the dust jacket as: "The Life and Times of an Early Americans a place they call Out West" (reviewed in WPO, American Steamboat as it Pioneered on the Upper Missouri Vol. 7, No. 2). Historical periodicals published throughout River and Played a Major Role in the War for Texas Inde the nation contain a variety of Jackson monographs pendence", is scheduled for release in October 1985. In a related to American and westem history and to the Lewis letter to the editor some months ago, Dr. Jackson referred and Clark Expedition. He has presented papers at histori to his article, beginning on the facing page, as "a little cal society and association meetings, symposiums, and for by-product" from a study he is doing that relates to Lewis this Foundation on the occasion of two Annual Meetings and Clark geographical names.
-4- We Proceeded On, July 1985 Call Him a Good Old Dog, But Don't Call Him Scannon By Donald Jackson1
While doing a study of the way Lewis and Clark dealt with geographic names, inventing new ones when they could find no European or Indian precedents, the author made an interesting discovery about one of the expedition's most admired members - Lewis's black Newfoundland dog.
When it became necessary for Having become comfortable in York, 1893): "A name I believe Lewis and Clark to name a the belief that I could nearly not found elsewhere in this His creek, river, or other geographi al ways discover the reason for a tory, and to the personality of cal feature, they were predicta place-name, I was perplexed which I have no clew (p. 1074)." bly direct and simple in their to find that in western Mon A prime rule, for one who has choices. Although now and then tana, during his return trip in been working with the Lewis they came up with an unwork 1806, Lewis had given the name and Clark journals and letters able, ill-chosen name such as Seaman's Creek to a northern for thirty years, came quickly to Philanthropy River, Brown Bear tributary of the Blackfoot River. mind: when in doubt, go back to Defeated Creek, or No Preserves the original sources. Island, they usually went No person n amed Seaman is straight to th e heart of the mat known to have been associated Before re-examining the manu ter and chose a sound, reasona with the lives of either captain, scripts, it occurred to me that ble name for the simplest of rea a nd as a common term the word the name might be a garbled sons: to commemorate members seems strangely nautical in version of Scannon's Creek, in or sponsors of the expedition, to view of its location. Elliott honor of the faithful dog so well describe the terrain, or to recall Coues was puzzled by the word known to us all. Scannon had incidents along the route. in his edition of Biddle narra been with Lewis on that side 1. See Editor's note on facing page. tive of the expedition (New (continued on page 6)
The illustrations on this and the following pages are reproductions of the hand-written journals of Captains Lewis and Clark and Sergeant Ordway. To direct the reader's attention to the journalists' handwriting that is pertinent to the subject of this article, the words "Seaman", "Seamans", "Seamon", a nd "Seamons" have been enclosed- in rectangles. Writing phonetically, Clark often used "mon" for " man", as in his "Seamon" for "Seaman", and in his references to the party's private "Newman", which he writes " Newmon". Sergeant Ord way's renditions of "man" also appear as "mon".
Fig. 1. Reproduced below is Clark's handwriting from Fig. 2. Reproduced below is Clark's handwriting from the original in the archives of the Beinecke Library, the original in the archives of the American Philo Yale University, New Haven, CT Journal entry dated sophical Society, Philadelphia. This is a section of July 5, 1804, when the party was in present-day Atchi Clark's "A Summary Statement of Rivers [and] Creeks son County, Kansas, near the con{luence of Independ and most remarkable places ... " Since Clark did not ence Creek and the Missouri River. travel the route related to the information documented, it is obvious that the entry was made from data sup plied by Lewis and members of his party who traversed this route in July 1806. See also Clark's shetch map, figure 7.
Clark's h a ndwritten journal entry reads:". . . we came to for Dinner at a Beever house, Cap Lewis's Dog Sea mon went in and drove them [the beaver] out." See: Clark's handwritten entry reads: "To Seamons Creek Ernest S. Osgood (Ed), The Field Notes of Captain Wil from the N - ---- ". See Reuben G. Thwaites (Ed.). liam Clark, Yale University Press, 1964. Document 28, Original J ournals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, p. 245. Osgood transcribed Clar/i's writing of "Seamon" Dodd, Mead & Co., 1904-1905. Vol. VI, p . 72. Thwaites as "Scannon", reading the "e" as a "c", and the "m" as transcribed Clark's "Seamons", substituting his "mon" "nn". for "man", as in "Seamans".
We Proceeded On, July 1985 -5- trip, and no geographical fea of the name in the original jour a "c." An "m" can be misread ture had yet been named for him nals. The opinion of Murphy D. for "nn" by the best of editors. during the entire expedition. Smith and Beth Carroll-Hor Quaife did a perfectly accepta rocks is summed up in a state ble thing; he transcribed the I consulted microcopies of the ment from one of Ms. Carroll name as he saw it and did not journals h eld by the American Horrocks's letters: "It sure looks speculate on which spelling was Philosophical Society, half sus like S-e-a-m-o-n to me." "correct." pecting I would find that Sea man's Creek was actually Scan As for the name Scannon, it is Confronted by the name in Wil non's Creek. What I learned one of three readings of the liam Clark's field notes (New instead was mildly startling. dog's name given by Milo M. H aven, 1964), Dr. Ernest S. Os The stream was named Sea Quaife in his edition of Sergeant good noted the variant spellings man's Creek because the dog's John Ordway's journal (Madi but seems to have opted for name was Seaman. son, Wis., 1916). He also trans Scannon as the preferred name. cribed the name as Seamon and When he wrote a piece about the For verification I asked two Semon. Ink has a way of spread animal for Montana, the Ma members of the Society's library ing, through the yea·rs, so that gaine of Western History, it was staff to look at the occurrences an "e" might fill in to a resemble (continued on facing page)
Fig. 3. Reproduced below is Lewis's handwriting from Fig. 4. Reproduced below is Clark's handwriting from the original in the archives of the American Philosoph the original in the archives of the A merican Philoso ical Society, Philadelphia. This journal entry is dated phical Society, Philadelphia. This journal entry dated July 5, 1806, when Lewis's party (separated from Clark July 5, 1806, was either copied from Lewis's journal or and party on the return journey) was in Powell County, was written following a conversation with Lewis. Montana, traveling along today's Blackfoot (the Expe Lewis's party (separated from Clark and party on the dition's "Cokahlahiskit") River, a few miles west of return journey) was in Powell County, Montana, travel present-day Ovando, Montana (see maps on pages 8 ing along today's Blackfoot (the Expedition's "Cokah and 10.) lahiskit") River, a few miles west of present-day r ."· Ovando, Montana (see maps on pages 8 and 10.) 1•
"
Lewis's handwritten journal entry (Coues' Codex "La", a recapitulation of "Co urses and Distances") reads: "East 3M[Miles] to the entrance of a large creek 20 yds. wide Called Seamans Creek . .. " See: Reuben G. Thwaites (Ed.) Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1904-1905. Vol. V, p. 191. Thwaites transcribed Lewis's "Seamans" or "Seaman's" as "Seamans' (the misplaced apostrophe is Clark's handwritten journal entry reads: "East 3 Miles probably a typographical error). In the Biddle and to the entrance of a large Creek 20 yards wide _.. " Coues paraphrases or narratives developed from the Clark copied Lewis's journal entry verbatim except for manuscript journals, Lewis's nomenclature appears as spelling out "Miles" and "yards'', see Fig. 3. Clark's "Seaman's" - see Elliott Coues (Ed.), History of the journal entry for this date is not transcribed in Thwa Expedition under the command of Lewis a nd Clark . .., ites, and is extant only in its original form as Coues' Francis P. Harper, 1893. Vol III, p. 1074, and observe Codex "N", p. 147, at the American Philosophical Coues' footnote 22. Society.
-6- We Proceeded On, Jul~ 1985 entitled "Our Dog Scannon - at a Beever house, Cap Lewis's dog along the wharves of Phila Partner in Discovery." The arti Dog S eamon went in & drove delphia; or perhaps he liked the cle later was distributed as a them out" (Fig. i). Both Clark way his new companion took to separate publication by the and Ordway spelled the name life in a keelboat and the water Foundation (WPO, Pub. No, 2). as Seamon instead of Seaman during the descent of the Ohio By this time, no one had any (Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7). Lewis spelled River from Pittsburgh in 1803. reason to doubt the name. When it correctly when h e gave the As present-day Monture Creek, the Foundation issued its nota name to the creek (Fig. 3). the stream in question enters ble bronze by Bob Scriver in A reader might look at a single the Blackfoot River in Powell 1976, the title inscribed on its occurrence of the n a me in the County, Montana, crossing un base was "Meriwether Lewis manuscripts and read it "Scan der state highway 200 a few and Our Dog Scannon." non." But th e whole of the evi miles west of Ovando. It seems Once we become alert to the dence leaves no doubt that the to have gone unnamed until the existence of the correct name, it word is Seaman. As for the late nineteenth century when it jumps at us from the handwrit origin of the na me we can only was reportedly named for ten and printed journals. Clark surmise, bearing in mind that George Monture, killed by Indi- wrote, "We came to for Dinner Lewis might have picked up the (co ntinued on page 8)
Fig. 5. Reproduced below is Ordway's handwriting Fig. 6. Reproduced below is Ordway's handwriting from the original in the archives of the American Phi from the original in the archives of the American Phil losophical Society, Philadelphia. This journal entry is osophical Society, Philadelphia. This journal entry is dated April 16, 1805, when the party was in present-day dated May 8, 1806, when the party was in present-day McKenzie County, North Dakota, and near the site of a Nez Perce County, Idaho, a few miles east of present later-day Fort Buford (1860s-1870s) and the confluence Lewiston, Idaho, traveling along today's Clearwater of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers. (the Expedition's "Kooskooskee") River. ,,.. ,....., r'! '-· (.. .. , ...... £.. /
1 · / · C~ ,. ~) .. . ~ ~ tL- -tJ 41- " · '"'"-t~ ",v-e... > ~ ·b: ,,-,,{:..,. . t!~-v-. /.2-:t1·1-bl.v . - K...--1 l /.:/~ ,~ -, (. ..{, ,• . ,-M L f,:,{ t.;c ... ~ (,£,(' ~-;!.,< .t
~ • { .. ; · :~ - ,.-~ . .. ..: -'"' ... , 4• .:... .. , " " ~· I' I - ~ • .,~, .. -,.,,~ ,_ .f -t s+-~---- : / -£ j ...... : / _ ' , '-{ I .. ... 1 .... "-A: 6· <.· 1·.~ I'<-- ;e- £V .:. ·, ..,. (_ . C- « .,., "L t "".. ~ Ordway's handwritten journal entry reads: "Saw a Ordway's handwritten journal entry reads: "Several of flock of goats Swimming the river this morning near to the hunters went out and killed 4 deer one of the hunt our camp. Capt. Lewises dog Seamon took after them ers wounded a deer only broke its leR Capt. Leiµises doR [and] caught one in· ·the river." See: Milo M. Quaife Seamon chased it and caught it [and] killed it." See: (Ed.}, The Journals of Captain Meriwether Lewis and Milo M. Quaife (Ed.), The Journals of Captain Meri Sergeant John Ordway, State Historical Society of wether Lewis and Sergeant John Ordway, State Histor Wisconsin, 1916. P. 202. Here Quaife transcribed Ord ical Society of Wisconsin, 1926. P. 354. Here Quaife way's "Seamon " as "Seamon". transcribed Ordway's "Seamon" as "Seamon".
We Proceeded On, July 1985 -7- ans in the area. Monture as a Clark's Sketch Map Showing "Seamons Creek - 20 yds Wide" family name apparently derives from such early Montanans as Nicholas Monteur, a trader op erating on the Kootenai for the North West Company in 1811, and his son or nephew David, wh o served with the American Fur Company in the 1830's. As Monture Creek lies on the southern edge of the Bob Mar shall Wilderness, which preser vationists have been trying for some time to enlarge, the stream and its valley may eventually become a part of that wilderness area. Bob Marshall and his wil ...... derness are currently discussed in the National Geographic (May, 1985, pp. 664-92). Readers may note especially the hand some aerial photograph of Mon ture Creek on p. 672, and a map on p. 691 showing its location. "I yearned for adventures ... of Lewis and Clark," Marshall wrote in describing his years of roaming the Rockies, part of the time in the employ of the U.S. Forest Service. For this and many other reasons, Montan ans and federal officials might well consider changing the n ame of Monture Creek to Sea man's Creek in h omage to Mar shall, to Lewis a nd Clark, and to a loyal dog who crossed the con tinent as a n honored member of the Lewis a nd Clark Expedition.
Newfoundland dogs have been associated with waterways and oceans because of the webbing between their toes, a thick coat of coarse and oily hair, broad chest with ample lung capacity, and excellent swimming ability. Or Fig. 7. Reproduced above is Clark's sketch map of a greater portion of the route iginating in the Pyrenees Moun· followed by Lewis and his party, July 1806, from the Expedition's "Traveler's Rest" tains of northern Spain, they campsite (11 miles south of present-day Missoula, Montana) to the Continental Divide were taken by Basque fishermen and eventually to the Sun (the Expedition's "Medicine") River and to its confluence with the Missouri River at the Great Falls. "C.L. [Captain Lewis's] Campsite" for the to the N ewfoundland fishing night of J uly 5, 1806, is shown at the mouth of "Seamons Creek" where it joins the banks of North A merica, and Blackfoot (the E xpedition's "Cokahlahiski t ") River. Having not traversed this portion soon the name "Newfoundland" of the return journey route, it would seem that Clark either made this detailed sketch was applied to the breed. Their map from a rough sketch (no longer extant) made by Lewis or possibly by Drouillard, swimming ability and utility for or from very detailed conversations with Lewis and the men of his party who traveled "man overboard" rescue, and for along this route. The fact that the map appears in Coues' Codex "N", p. 150, of Clark's towing lines and maneuvering manuscript for the period August 15 to September 24, 1806, indicates that it was nets were valuable assets for the produced after the two Captains and their parties were together again below the fishermen. A s they are often re confluence of the Yellowstone and M issouri Rivers on August 12. fe rred to as sea dogs, the name "Seaman" is a practical and The stream labeled "Lander's Fork" near the bottom of the map is not Lewis and Clark nom enclature. The handwriting is an emendation by Elliott Coues who exam acceptable name for a Newfound ined the manuscript journals and this sketch map in 1892. The name is for Frederick land dog. Lander, a surveyor with Isaac Stevens' 1853 survey party for a railroad route to the Pacific.
-8· We Proceeded On, July 1985 June 1985 travelers, historian Don Jackson (left) and WPO editor Bob Lange, along with Cathie Jackson and Ruth Lange, located the bridge on Montana Highway 200 where it crosses Monture (the Expedition's "Seamans" or "Seamons") Creek shown in the right hand illustration. Meriwether Lewis, on the return journey July 5·6, 1806, named this beautiful stream after his Newfoundland dog "Seaman" (see Fig. 3).
The Confluence of the Expedition's "Seamans Creek" and the "Cokahlahiskit River" Present-Day Monture Creek and the Blackfoot River, Powell County, Montana
Approximately two and one-half miles downstream from where Montana Highway 200 crosses today's Monture (the Exped tion's "Seamans") Creek, the bold running stream joins the larger Blackfoot (the Expedition's "Cokahlahiskit") River. Clark's map (Fig. 7) labels the stream "Seamons Creek" and describes it as being 20 yards wide, and where it joins the "Cokahlahiskit" he indicates that Captain Lewis's party camped on the night of July 5, 1806. The illustration reproduced here is facing east and the Blackfoot! "Cokahlahiskit" River, flowing in a northwesterly direction, is the larger stream on the right. Monturel "Seamans" Creek is flowing southward from the left hand border of the illustration.Since Clark shows the I ndian trial (dotted line) on his map (very nearly on the route of today's Highway 200), we may assume that Lewis's party was following the Indian trail. Their July 5, 1806 campsite was probably located on the north side of the two waterways, to the reader's right on the map (Fig. 7) and to the right of Clark's labeling "C.L. Camp 5th July", and in the left foreground in the illustration - along the bank and shore of Monture/ "Sea mans" Creek.
We Proceeded On, July 1985 -9- j j
Monture/ "Seamans" Creek is pictured here as it flows to the west and south from under the bridge on Montana Highway 200. On the map below, the bridge crosses the stream just to the Left of the circled 200 symbol near the upper right hand corner. corner.
I I
-10- We Proceeded On, July 1985 A Lewis and Clark Crossword Puzzle by Virginia C. Holmgren
Virginia Holmgren, who contributed so much to We Proceeded On's "Special Ornithological Issue (Vol. 10, Nos. 2 & 3, May 1984)" has provided this crossword puzzle which deals in part with aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expedi tion. After you have met the challenge of the puzzle, you may turn to page 18 for the solution.
ACROSS 36. Expedition's interpreter-hunter, 7. General direction Expedition tra initials. veled from 6 Down to 34 Across, l. New bird seen by 37 Across on 37. Expedition member who first abbreviation. 417/ 1806 sighted 1 Across, initials. 9. One of the "Trail States," abbre 4. One of the "Trail States", abbre- 39. One of the "Trail States." viation. viation. 44. Precedes: Louis; Charles; etc., 11. One of the "Trail States," abbre- 6. Written text, abbreviation abbreviation. viation. 8. Latin prefix for two. 45. Action by Wm. Clark, 1/5/ 1808. 12. Expedition leader, surname. 9. Crow Call. 46. Editor-annotator of narrative 13. A parcel or packet of tobacco. 10. Artist of Expedition birds, initials. about the Expedition. 17. Sacagawea's child was a ___ . 12. Military rank for Expedition lead- 18. Horses collected and ____ ers, abbreviation. 20. Hurried. 14. Bird named by Captain Lewis. 22. Spanish for describing desert 15. Expedition leader, surname. weather. 16. One of the "Trail States," abbre 24. Posture around a campfire. viation. 29. 1803 name for territory west of 18. Point on south side of Columbia Mississippi River, abbreviation. River estuary, initials. 31. About (in reference to), two words. 19. Bone, Latin. 33. Food eaten on the Trail, not at 21. Army Captain liaison with Expe home. dition in St. Louis, initials. 34. Food eaten 9/ 22/ 1805, not at 23. Former genus for 9 Across. home. 25. Expedition's trail food staple: 35. One of the Expedition's sergeants, "portable " initials. 26. One of the "Trail States," abbre DOWN: 38. Precedes 6 Down and 34 Across, viation. abbreviation, plural. 27. Black member of the exploring 2. Recalled French botanist engaged 40. First Postmaster at St. Louis, party. by American Philosophical Socie initials. 28. Editor, We Proceeded On, initials. ty, initials. 41. Youngest member of the exploring 30. Latin binomial for flora "Bitter 3. Easy gait for traveling the Trail. party, initials. root," initials. 4. River that marked the Trail. 42. Paraphraser of the Original Jour 32. One of the "Trail States." 5. Jefferson's given name, initials. nals, initials. 34. Expedition's winter establishment 6. Expedition's winter establishment 43. One of the Expedition's sergeants, 1805-1806. 1804-1805. initials.
We Proceeded On, J uly 1985 -11- Three State Participation Feature Of Washington - Oregon Symposium May 4, 1985, was the date for this A.M. in southeastern Washington symposium session. Cheryll Hal- year's 11th Annual Washington-Ore- State, four and one-half miles east sey, who participated in the marker gon Lewis and Clark Symposium, of Pomeroy, Washington on U.S. dedication event, spoke to the after- and in all reality it was a Washing- Highway 12. At that location a new noon gathering regarding the " Re- ton-Oregon-Idaho Lewis and Clark historic marker erected by th e search Leading to the Site Selection event held in southeastern Washing- Washington State Parks and Recre- a nd Development of the Three ton State and in Lewiston, Idaho. ation Commission was appropriate- Forks Indian Trails Historical Oregon and Washington Lewis and ly dedicated. This project was spear- Marker". Steve Evans, Idah o Com- Clarkers were able to meet a nd get headed and partially underwritten mittee member and history profes- acquainted with members of the by the late Robert Beale, Pomeroy, sor, Lewis-Clark State College, com- new Idaho Lewis and Clark Trail Washington,2 in cooperation with mented briefly and introduced a Committee appointed in 1984 by the State of Washington Lewis a nd video tape presentation regarding Idaho's Governor Evans .1 The an- Clark Trail Committee (see illustra- the heritage of the Nez Perce Indi- nual symposium is held and hosted tion and caption). · ans, titled: "A Season of Grand- alternately in Oregon and Washing- mothers". Evans was also the mod- ton by the two state Lewis and Those who attended the dedication erator for a panel presentation Clark Committees at some perti- proceeded the 44 miles to Clarkston, titled: "Future Directions". The nent Expedition site along the ex- Washington and Lewiston, Idaho, speakers and their subjects were: plorers' trail. This year, the Wash- stopped for a visit and coffee at the James R. Fazio (Moscow, Idaho), ington Committee, who were the Washington Parks and Recreation Chairman of the Idaho Lewis and designated hosts for the event, had Commission's Alpowai Interpretive Clark Trail Committee, "Idaho: the the timely idea to invite Idaho's Center at Chief Timothy State Park Newest Lewis and Clark Trail Com- new committee to participate and to near Clarkston. Man y of the dis- mittee". Robert C. Carriker (Spo- hold a part of the symposium pro- plays and the interpretive program kane, Washington), a member of the gram in Lewiston , Idah o. at this facility connotate to the Washington Committee and a Di- Lewis and Clark Expedition and to Attending the event were 23 mem- the Nez Perce Indians who have rector of the (national) Lewis and .ves and guests fr·om Idaho. l. d . th' .. "t f tl Clark Trail Heritage Foundation , hers' Wl · Ive m IS vicmi Y or coun ess "1985 Endowment for the Humani- There were 22 members, wives and centuries (for additional informa- g uests from Washington State. tion see WPO, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 1, 3). tieds ELeGwisCha~d Cdla(rPk Stlemidnar";a Th ree members and Mrs. Chuinard an · · umar or an • 0 re- The group enjoyed a fine luncheon gon), Chairman of th e Oregon were present from Oregon. Bob and at Spalding Hall on the campus of Lewis and Clark Trail Committee, Ruth Lange (Portland, Oregon) at- L . Cl k St t C 11 . L . and a past-president of the national tended as representatives of the ew1s- ar a e o ege, in ew1s- (national) Lewis a nd Clark Trail ton, Idaho. Following luncheon, Foundation, " 1986 Annual Meeting Roy D. Craft, Chairman of the of the (national) Lewis and Clark Heritage Foundation, Inc. Washington Committee presided Trail Heritage Foundation - Port- Activities for the day began at 10:00 a nd made the introductions for the land, Oregon". 1. See WPO, Vol.10, No. l, p. 7; Vol. 10, Nos. 1 (continued on facing page) & 2, p. 3; and Vol. 10, No. 4, p. 12. 2. See WPO, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 5-6. 3. See WPO, Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 18.
Dedication Ceremonies at "Three Forks Indian Trails" Historic Marker, Pomeroy, Washington
Photographs by Ruth E. Lange Members of the Washington, Oregon, and Idaho Lewis and Clark Trail Committ.ees and their guests gathered at I 0:00 A.M., May 4, 1985, near Pomeroy (southeastern), Washington State to dedicate an attractiue historical marker. Wording on the structure reads as follows: THREE FORKS INDIAN TRAILS On May 3, 1806, the Lewis and Clark Expedition camped at a grove of cottonwoods approximately 100 yards south of here after a "disagreeable journey of 28 miles" up Pataha Creek. Supper that night con sisted of scant rations of dried meat a nd dog. A hospitable Nez Perce Chief, Bigh orn (Weahkoonut), h ad come t.o meet them with assurance that they would find provisions at a Nez Perce camp near the Snake River the next day. The next morning the explorers followed "th e road over the plains", a branch of the Indian trail they had followed up the creek. This east branch can still be seen on the hill across the highway. The southerly branch, which went toward the Blue Mountains, is visible on the hillside across the valley.
-12- We Proceeded On, July 1985 4:00 to 5:00 P.M. was set aside for member of the Idaho Committee, source Management at the National the three committees to hold their welcomed and thanked those who Park Service's Nez Perce National individual meetings. attended and participated in the Historical Park at Spalding, Idaho day's activities. Lange spoke briefly (a few miles east of Lewiston). about the national organization, its Hathaway's presentation included At 6:00 P.M. members and guests history since 1970, vitality, purpose, slides showing attractions at the gathered for a no-host social hour at and activities, and brought greet several sites at Spalding and satel Lewiston's Helm Restaurant. This ings to the gathering from Founda lite locations and he spoke of the was followed by dinner and an tion President Bill Sherman, Port implementation of facility improve evening program. Robert E. Lange, land, Oregon, who was not able to ments and the restoration under a past-president of the national attend. A telegram from Winifred way and planned for future devel Foundation and editor of the organ George, Chairman for this year's opment for the Historical Park. ization's quarterly publication We 17th Annual Meeting in St. Louis, Proceeded On was Master of Cere extended greetings a nd an invita The attractive printed souvenir pro monies for this event. Marcus Ware, tion to attend the forthcoming Au gram for the Symposium was devel Lewiston, a long.. time Lewis and gust meeting. The speaker for the oped by the Washington State Clark enthusiast, a past-director of evening was Mr. Art Hathaway, Parks and Recreation Commission, the national Foundation, and a Chief of Interpretation and Re- Olympia, Washington.
Photographs by Ruth E. Lange Symposium participants gathered for dinner and program at Lewiston, Idaho's Helm Restaurant, the final event folloi,ving a busy day of Lewis and Clark activities on May 4, 1985.
News Notes eastern Washington"; July 28, "Lewis and Clark at Sacajawea State Park"; August 18, "Picto Barbara Kubik, interpretive special graphs and Petroglyphs: The Rock ist at the Washington State Parks Art of Southeastern Washington"; and Recreation Commission's Saca and August 25, "Sacagawea".1 WPO has word of the passing of jawea 1 State Park near Pasco, l. Readers who are confused and question the Eldred P. Codling, Bismarck, North Washington, has announced the several spellings of the Indian woman's name Dakota. A long-time and interested summer schedule of interpretive in connection with this Interpretive Center Foundation member, he was an talks at the Park. Programs will and Park are informed in the handout litera ture at the Center that the Park a nd building attendee at the 1979, Glasgow, MT; begin at 4:00 P.M. at the Interpre now housing the Center date to 1939 and ear the 1980, Omaha-Sioux City; 1981 tive Center and the subjects and lier, when "Sacajawea" was the accepted Helena, MT; 1982, Philadelphia; dates are as follows: June 23, "Places spelling. The recent schola1·ly research con and the 1984, Great Falls, annual clusively establishing "Sacagawea" as the to Go and Things to Do in South historically accurate spelling has led to this meetings. Eldred is survived by his eastern, Washington": June 30, form in the displays, handout literature and daughter Marjorie L. Kent of Car "The Sokulks: Indians of South- interpretive endeavors at the Center. bondale, Illinois. We Proceeded On, July 1985 -13- Lewis and Clark in the National Cathedral, Washington, D.C.
By Arlen J . Large
The Cathedral Church of St. Peter "Early Missionaries of the North unique in representing a secular and St. Paul, to use the formal west - 'Odyssey of the Spirit,' " topic. Nearby on the same side of name, stands on a h eight command though religious con version of the the nave is a window titled "Sci ing a superb view of the political natives wasn't on President Jeffer entists and Technicians," depicting monuments of the Nation's Capital son's list of instructions and piety dark celestial spheres dotted with and the broad Potomac River to the wasn't a dominant note of the expe stars; near the center is a sliver of South. The cathedral is the seat of dition's journa ls . real moon rock, presented to the the Episcopal Bishop of Washing cathedral by the astronauts of ton, but it's used by many denomi The Lewis and Clark windows are Apollo 11. Other windows memor nations a nd for official memorial the work of Henry Lee Willet, the ialize Johann Sebastian Bach and services attended by government head of a stained glass studio in other composers, Thomas Jefferson, dignitaries. Locally it's known Philadelphia which created several James Madison, Florence Nightin simply as the National Cathedral. other windows in the cathedral. Mr. gale, Martha Washington and Win Willet died in 1983. He and the other ston Churchill. President Theodore Roosevelt spoke artists worked on thematic concepts at the laying of the cornerstone in for the windows chosen years ago "In many respects the cathedral's 1907, but construction still goes on. by the cathedral's Building Com glorious windows resemble a com When finished the cathedral, built mittee. position in music," says Richard in the massive Gothic style of 14th Feller, Canon Clerk of the Works, in century Europe, will be the sixth Most of the windows have tradi Jewels of Light. "Each window is a larges t in the world. tional ecclesiastical themes, but the single note in a symphony which Lewis and Clark windows aren't will take eighty years to complete." Inside, more than 120 stained glass windows punctuate the walls with colored sunlight. One grouping of two adjacent windows, each divided into two panels or lancets, would quickly bring a thrill of recognition to any student of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. There, in a trans- 1ucen t mosaic of blues, reds and yel lows, are the great adventure's own pictorial symbols: the Missouri River keelboat, the 15-star flag, clusters of Indian tipis, a stylized plunge of the Great Falls, Fort Clat sop, a Pacific sunset over green conifers. The Trail's wildlife - buf falo, beaver, mule deer, elk, bear, turtles, fish - mingle on each panel. The windows, each about the height of a man, were completed in 1973. They stand in a niche on the south side of the cruciform cathedral's long central axis, or nave. Jewels of Light, a guidebook to the cathe dral's windows, explains the theme of this grouping is "the exploration of the Northwest by Lewis and Clark, as a pictorial example of man's thrust to conquer the un known." Rather oddly, the formal title is 1. Foundation Past President Arlen J. Large (Jim as he is known to fellow members) is a staff correspondent for the Wall Street Jour· nal, Washington, D.C. He is a frequent con· tributor to the pages of WPO. His current by· line on these pages h as come about via a news clipping sent to the editor by Foundation member Mildred Goosman, Omaha, NE; passed on to Foundation President Bill Sher man; who in turn suggested that Jim Large follow-up on the news clipping's statement that the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the nation's westward expansion have pictorial The National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., in a view looking toward the East. The representation in several of the National Cathedral's stained glass windows. A visit to completed Gloria in Excelsis tower is 676 feet above sea level and is the highest point the Cathedral soon produced Jim's interesting in Washington. Construction of twin towers on the near, or West, end of the building report on this pertinent art form. has only begun. When completed the cathedral will have 214 stained glass windows.
-14- We Proceeded On, July 1985 Editor's note: The illustrations relating to the author's text are through the courtesy of the National Cathedral. The task of photographing a stained glass window is a difficult one, and unfortunately the black and white illustration of the two left-hand lancets does little justice to the magnificence of the color and theme of these windows that portray scenes relating to the Lewis and Clark Expedition and our nation's westward expansion . If you should be in Washington , a visit to the cathedral and the view of these stained glass windows will be a most rewarding experience. We ha ve attempted, to the best of our ability, to indica te the features portrayed in the windows and referred to in the author's text.
Jewels of Light - " . . . the exploration of the Northwest by Lewis and Clark. as a pictorial example ofman•s thrust to conquer the unknown!• From the guidebook "J ewels of Light", describing all of the windows in the cathedral.
Flowers
Buffalo
Bea r Birds Flowers
Eagle Wolf Indian Teepee
Indian Teepees
Elk
15 Star Flag
Porcupine
KeE\lboat
Great Falls
Turtle
Multicolored images related to the Lewis and Clark E xpedition catch the sunlig ht in these two lancets which comprise the left-hand window of a grouping. Along with renditions of the explorers' keelboat, fifteen star flag, Indian teepees, and a stylized image of the g reat Falls of the Missouri, are examples of the flo ra and fauna reported and described in the expedition's journals. J ust to the right in the same niche of the cathedral wall is a similar pair of lancets - including the rendition of the exploring party's Fort Clatsop, a Pacific sunset over green conifirs, the m ule deer, the beaver, and the fish that the author refers to in his text.
We Proceeded On, July 1985 -15- Recent Meetings 27 in attendance at the April meet sides of the gorge, which are not ing and 26 present for the May visible from the highways on the The May 4, 1985 meetings of the meeting. Unfortunately the north a nd south shores of the river, Lewis and Clark Trail committees Missouri River float trip scheduled are a feature that make this an of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, for July 13th had to be cancelled enjoyable cruise. The interpretive were held in conjuction with the due to low water in the river. Twen information broadcast over the ves 11th Annual Washington-Oregon ty-one individuals w~o pla?-ned to sels public a ddress system adds Lewis and Clark Symposium. The participate in the river trip ":'ere immeasurably to the excursion. newly appointed Idaho (Governor's) disappointed. On May 11th a field Lewis and Clark Trail Committee trip to the what is believed to be an attended this event. A full report of Expedition cache site was the sub this three state committee activity ject of a report by ~ob D?er~. The is detailed on other pages of this minutes state that: A pomt is fast issue of We Proceeded On. approaching where the Chapter will have to make a decision on how best * * * * * * * to proceed in the in vestigatio_n . .. A The STATE OF WASHINGTON more complete archaeological ef LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL COM fort, h owever, may be a viable MITTEE met on March 30, 1985, in option to compl~~e the wo~k that "Bridge of the Gods" spans Columbia Vancouver, Washington. Fourteen has just started. There will be a River at Cascade Locks, Oregon. Photo committee members and sixteen report on the chapter's field trip to graph from Stemwheeler "Columbia guests attended the meetin?-. Fo~ Cut Bank,'Montana and the guided Gorge". dation Director Roy Craft is chair tour with Wilbur Werner to the man of the committee and presided Expedition's "Camp Disappoint * * * * * * * at the meeting. " Frenchy" ment" and the "Two Medicine River The forming of a NEBRASKA-IOWA Chuinard, Chairman of the Oregon Fight Site" in a future issue of the LEWIS AND CLARK ASSOCIA Lewis and Clark Trail Committee organization's minutes. TION with the prospect of the was among the guests. organization becoming an. entity or * * * * * * * * * * * * * * chapter of the (national) Founda The OREGON LEWIS AND tion is reported to be progressing. A The OREGON LEWIS AND CLARK HERITAGE FOUNDA CLARK TRAIL COMMITTEE met meeting on June 14th involved TION an affiliate of the Oregon plansforthisyear'sMissouriRiuer Rnurul on Saturday, June 15th. Thirteen Histo;ical Society and the (national) committee members attended the up a project of the organization. Foundation, held its summer field Part of the Roun dup event will fea meeting, and the minutes of the trip on Saturday, June 29th. meeting lists excused absence for ture a reconstruction or reenact Twenty members in their ~wn ment of Lewis and Clark activities twelve members, and state that a automobiles drove east on U.S. High quorum was not present. Dwight in the Nebraska-Iowa segment of way 84 through a segm en~ of _the Garrison, Portland, Oregon, Martin the Expedition's route. A meeting is famous and scenic Columbia River scheduled for July and Foundation Plamondon, Vancouver, Washing Gorge. A brief stop was made at 620 ton, and Frank Walker, Fort Clat Director Gary Moulton is to be the foot high Multnomah Falls, where speaker. Election of officers for the sop (near Astoria, Oregon) are Bob Lange related: Meriwether newly appointed by Oregon Gover group is scheduled for the July meet Lewis's journal entry describing the ing. nor Atiyeh to be members of the several cataracts on the south wall committee. Frank Walker is the of the gorge; the origin of the name ******* newly assigned Superintendent of " Multnomah"; a nd information the NPS Fort Clatsop National We have no formal minutes from about the seven mile hiking trail the Foundation's HEADWATERS Memorial. Items on the meeting's that begins at Multnomah Falls agenda "included: Miscellaneous CHAPTER, Bozeman, Montana, and proceeds to a 4045 foot eleva but we do have a letter from the items reported on by Committee tion on the summit of Larch Moun Chairman Chuinard; a report on organization's President Don Nell. tain, a prominent peak and vi~w "Lead Agency" activities; Plans Don reports that the group is point in the Cascad~ Mountam engaged in mapping Clark and his incident to the 1986 Lewis and Range. Traveling east m the gorge, Clark Pageant. (A Lewis and Clark party's route, on the return journey, the party picnicked at the Port of through present-day Bozeman Historical Pageant, Inc. organiza Cascade Locks Park. Following tion has been formed in Clatsop Pass. Other activities included: a luncheon Howard Hopkins present float trip on the Missouri River on County, Oregon, for the develop ed an informative talk concerning ment and eventual presentation of a June 21st, and a float trip in August the flora observed and described in on the Jefferson River; and field pageant during the summer of the Expedition's journals. Howard 1986); and plans for the August t~ips to Lemhi Pass, Fort Rock, and displayed specimens of many of the the area at the Three Forks of the 1986, 18th Annual Meeting of the needle trees that are native to the (national) Foundation in Oregon. Missouri where Sacagawea was area. Nine members made the after captured five years prior to her The committee's next meeting is noon, two hour trip on the river scheduled for September 21, 1985. association with the Expedition, aboard the 145 foot, 599 passenger, and where John Colter's "Run" and * * * * * * * sternwheeler Columbia Gorge. The escape from the Blackfoot Indians The Foundation's PORTAGE river trip descends the river from took place in the Fall of 1808. In his ROUTE CHAPTER, Great Falls, the Port of Cascade Locks to Bon letter Don Nell remarked: "I really Montana, continues to hold neville Dam, and then crui_ses b eli e~e that historians are the busi monthly meetings, except for field upriver passed Stevenson, Washmg est group of people ever - I don't trip activities s cheduled for the ton for several miles, before return know how I ever had time to work at summer months. Minutes of meet ing to the Port of Cascade Locks. making a living!" ings held on April 22nd and May Views of the river and the steep 20th, have been received and report rocky and timbered walls on either (See "Picture Story" on facing page) -16- We Proceeded On, July 1985 "Headwaters Chapter" Field Trip Retraces Clark's Return Journey Over Bozeman Pass
(Left-hand illustration, left to right) Headwaters Chapter's Director Jack Taylor, President Don Nell, Secretary Jean Schmidt, and Treasurer Teddy Sanem, and (right-hand illustration) enthusiastic members of the Headwaters Chapter photographed at one of the campsites of Clark and party on the return journey. On June 2, 1985, sixteen members departed from Bozeman and retraced, by automobile and on foot, the eastbound route of Clark's party and their July 1806 travel following present-day Rocky Creek to its confluence with Kelly Canyon, and the explorers' July 14, 1806 campsite (about three miles east of present Bozeman). After photographing the site, now occupied by beehives, chapter members traveled up Kelly Canyon into present-day Jackson Creek -crossed Jackson Creek Meadows and another drainage to where they crossed the divide (the pass through the mountains known today as Bozeman Pass) and into the Yellowstone River drainage. I n a letter, accompanying the photographs, Don Nell remarked: "The trip was a gradual ascent - just like Clark stated in his recapitulation of 'Course Distance & Remarks . . . ' documented in his July 15, 1806 journal entry. We then located the area where the explorers first struck the Yellowstone River, and then proceeded to the mouth of Shields River' which enters the Yellowstone from the north a few miles east of today's Livingston, Montana. Our total travel was about 23 miles from Bozeman." The above photographs were taken at the site where the Expedition's party established their July 15, 1806 night camps. Local residents refer to the place as "Sheep Cliffs Campsite."
1. Named for the Expedition's John Shields. An Expedition name that has persisted, although early trappers frequenting the area in the year s after Clark's naming of this waterway often refe1Ted to it as "25 Yard Creek",
(Repr£nt from WPO. Vol. 1. No. 2, Feb. 1975) analysis of either the expedition's pro curement of materials, or the military $2,500.00 Vs. $38, 722.25 - pay of the personnel of the party, from The Financial Outlay for the fall of 1803 until October 1806, would have caused the $2500.00 Editor's note: Four times during the past the Historic Enterprise six weeks, the editor has seen the print amount to be suspect by such writers. ed statement that the Lewis and Clark By Robert E. Lange It was not until 1954, that a thorough Expedition was a great success, and study of the financial outlay for the that the whole accomplishment took "Once a statement, however unsub place for the remarkably small sum of stantiated, once an attractive as expedition was revealed to us upon the $2500.00! Each time, a copy machine sumption, however unwarranted, is publication of: "Financial Records: copy was made of a little monograph the printed in a book it becomes gospel 'Expedition to the Pacific Ocean'", by editor put together in 1975, when our fact and to eradicate it from the Grace Lewis' This research, detailed publication was very young (WPO, Vol. general mind or to forstall its reuse and meticulous, arrived at a total cost 1, No. 2). These copies were sent off to becomes very nearly impossible."' for the "Voyage of Discovery" in the the individuals and publications who amount of $38,722.25. Grace Lewis had made the erroneous statement with Regrettably, the statement that the writes: the hope that sooner or later the true Lewis and Clark Expedition was fin cost of the exploring enterprise would anced in its entirety by the sum of "Critics have talked of the 'niggard join the factual information about the $2500.00 falls within the above tenet. ly' appropriation of $2500, and· refer Expedition. In 1975, the Foundation had to such a small amount of money a membership and distribution of We True, this was the amount appropri Proceeded On of less than one hundred. ated by an act of Congress dated .Jan being set aside for so grand a mis Ten years later, we distribute WPO to uary 18, 1803, responding to President sion, as a 'prime example of Jeffer over 800 members, and just in case there Jefferson's confidential message urg son's simplicity and frugality'. are individuals among the 700 who may ing United States military exploration Others marvel at 'how far' the $2500 not have seen the back-issues of our pub of a route from the Mississippi River went - especially those who 'follow lication and the article that provided the to the Pacific Ocean. The $2500.00 the trail of Lewis and Clark,' ex more realistic cost of the enterprise, appropriation, in turn, has been pecting to find all the Expedition's we're going to be redundant and present secrets out there, along the way. this reprint of the 1975 article. We admit repeatedly quoted over the years as that it is a rehash and that the annota the total cost of the expedition by Even so, all the $2500 appropriation tions accompanying the text indicate various writers. In retrospect, howev (continued on page 18) that factual information was borrowed er, it would appear that a mere cursory from others, but let's recognize the truth 2. Grace Lewis, "Financial Records: Expedi about the cost of exploring the west to 1. John Francis McDermott, The French in the tion to the Pacific," in the Bulletin, Missouri the Pacific and back in 1803-1806 - it Mississippi Valley, Univ. of Illinois Press, Historical Society, Vol. X, No. 4, Part 1, July was a great deal more than $2500.00! Urbana, 1965, p. 6. 1954.
We Proceeded On, July 1985 -17- was spent before the first phase of in the literature as the total cost of Lewis's Account Through 1805'', and the actual journey commenced. And the expedition. At this early stage, the "Final Summation of (Captain) there was, in fact, nothing 'small ' Lewis could not know how many Lewis's Account", and arrives at the about a nything connected with the times he would need to multiply the same $38, 722.25 cited by Grace Lewis. enterprise, from beginning to end." amount of his first guess ... I sus This recapitulation is followed with pect that J efferson and Lewis set Jackson's twenty-five "notes", and in Grace Lewis further indicates that her the original estimate as low as pos his "note No. l '', he states: treatise on this subject came about sible to avoid Congressional criti when"... new records were turned up "The first of the two documents cism. It must also be remembered in the course of some searches which which summarize the financial that at first Lewis planned to take have been carried on for the purpose aspects of the expedition is this pre only a dozen men with him." of getting materials for a· biography liminary accounting (National Ar of Meriwether Lewis." Her biography Grace Lewis in her treatise shows the chives, RG 107, L-Misc., 1805), cov of Captain Lewis has not materialized accounting for expenditures incurred ering expenditures made chiefly to date, but the mass of material for preparations and execution of the before the start of the exploration. which she indicated was found in two expedition through November 1805, at It probably was drawn up in early principal places" has, with her carefu 1 $22,393.25. Subsequent to · this sum 1806, by War Department accoun editing, finally revealed a more realis would be a variety of major and minor tants, for budgeting purposes. Mrs. tic cost for the accomplishment of the debts accountable to Captain Lewis, Grace Lewis's article on the financ extensive exploration carried out by and concerning these she states:' ing of the expedition draws primari the expedition. "In analyzing the interesting rec ly on this document. Her analysis ords of his transactions, it becomes of the records should be used with Probably, the often abused $2500.00 apparent that he exercised his privi mine, though I question her refer figure is the result of J efferson's and leges largely as power was conveyed ence that much of the money Lewis Meriwether Lewis's (Lewis was J effer directly to him in very general paid to Chouteau and other St. son's Secretary in 1803) preliminary terms in the final sentence of the Louis officials was a kind of a diplo planning for the expedition. A docu letter: 'And to give more entire sat matic bribery." ment does exist which is identified as isfaction & confidence to those who "Lewis's Estimate of Expenses, 1803". T aken together, the research by Mrs. Dr. Thwaites reproduces this<, and may be disposed to aid you , I Lewis, supplemented by that of Dr. comments concerning Lewis 's list of Thomas Jefferson, President of the Jackson, provide an excellent annota United States of America, have items which totals $2500.000 as fo l tion of the acounting records which written this letter of general credit lows:'' for many years have reposed in War for you with my own hand, and Department files. "An estimate of the necessary ex signed it with my name.' In this penses was placed at only $2500; but last, simple sentence, with 'for you' as an interlinear, followed by the the correspondence which we give T he Editor and the Founda Presidential sign a tu re and the in the Appendix, shows that Jeffer tion's Publications Committee son intended that the exploring address: 'To Capt. Meriwether welcome manuscripts dealing party should, while still in the Unit Lewis,' every emergency was cover with the many aspects of the ed States, but subsisted by the War ed; also every common need, great Lewis and Clark Expedition for Department; and in addition there and small. Still, for all the privileges publication in We Proceeded to we shall see that he issued in their which had been conveyed to him, On. favor a general letter of credit, Lewis alone was going to be answer which proved of no avail, but fur able for the large amount of public Manuscripts (typewritten-dou ther demonstrates the fact that the money which he and his agents ble spaced) may be forwarded to explorers were not expected to limit were obliged to dis burse in the the Editor or to any member of themselves to the appropriation." course of his tour. t he Publications Committee (Thwaites is referring to the Con "Largely under the last gesture in (addresses are listed in the Pub gressional appropriation.) the letter of credit was the cost lisher's P late on page 2). As a total for the whole enterprise non-profit entity, neither the Foundation nor We Proceeded Dr. Donald Jackson reproduces the brought to more than twelve times On, is in a position to offer hon same document, and in his "note" the appropriation which has sanc orariums for published manu fo llowing "Lewis's Estimate of Ex tioned it. When that total was re scripts. Contributors will re penses", makes the following re duced somewhat by a credit for marks:6 ceive ten copies of the issue in charges being transferred from which their article is published. "This undated document in Lewis's Lewis's to a different account, and hand must have been written before then increased greatly by the extra Jefferson's confidential message to pay award and land warrant dona Congress, and may have been writ tions - apparently valued at ten in late December 1802 ... Be $11,000, which gratuities Lewis was cause of this document, the sum of responsible for disbursing - the $2500 has become firmly implanted final figures in his Expedition ac count stood at $38,722.25." 3. Ibid, p. 465-466, and Fn. 2, p. 465. 4. Reuben G. Thwaites (ed.), Original Journals Dr. Jackson a lso reproduces, in his of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Dodd, volume, "Financial Records of the Mead & Co., N.Y., 1904-05. Vol. VII, p. 210. Expedition"•. This provides the com Donald Jackson (Ed.) Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with R elated Document, plete accounting of both "(Captain) Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1978, Vol. I , pp. 8-9. 7. Lewis, op. cit., pp. 469·470. 5. Ibid., Vol. I , pp xxiiii-xxiv. 8. J ackson, op. cit., Vol. II, Document 277, pp. 6. Jackson, op cit., Letter6, note, p. 9. 419-431.
-18- We Proceeded On, July 1985 Editor's note: Foundation member, New Englander (J ama ica Plains, Massachusetts), Walter H. Marx has been a teacher of Latin and Greek languages for over twenty years. Though familiar with J efferson's hand-written ins truction s about his burial place monument as s hown in J ean Hamilton's article (see WPO, VoL 11, No. 2. p. 6), Wa lter had never fixed on the Greek therein before that time and set out to find its exact source. Th anks to his effor ts we now have the whole story in the following vignette. The Tombstone Once Again By Walter H. Marx
07...c.-rn )r M-t5oµ£ 7':1Q.. V-ol'1s, Qs~wy 'J\._uAv}LJv
A recent article in We Proceeded n ymous Gloomy Gus.5 Monticello's '-"" f
We Proceeded On, July 1985 -19- WPO SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLICATIONS These publications bring to members of the Foundation and others, special items of interest, and on occasion, reprints of out-of-print publications that are not otherwise available.
WPO Publication No. 1, October 1976 $2.00 WPO Publication No. 6, July 1982 $4.00 "Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting, August "Contributions of Philadelphia to Lewis and Clark His 15-18, 1976, Great Falls, Montana" tory'', by Paul Russell Cutright. 52 pages, illustrations. Contents: "President's Message", by Wilbur P. Werner; "Sta Dr. Cutright provides an in-depth study of activities related to tus of Missouri River Breaks Wild and Scenic River Legis the Expedition in Philadelphia, both before (1803) and after lation", by Edwin Zaidlicz; "Sacagawea and Sacagawea (1807-1814) the explorers' return. Litterateur Nicholas Biddle's Spi;-ing", by E.G. Chuinard, M.D.; "The Expedition's Journals contribution toward seeing to the publication of a narrative - Captain Lewis's Discovery and Description of the Great based on the Captains' journals is included in Dr. Cutright's Falls of the Missouri River", by Robert E. Lange; "The White fine monograph. Pirogue of the Lewis and Clark Expedition", by Bob Saindon. WPO Publication No. 7, May 1984 $4.00 WPO Publication No. 2, July 1977 .75¢ Lewis's Woodpecker - Clark's Nutcracker "Our Dog Scannon - Partner in Discovery" Color portraits of birds whose names memorialize the sur Ernest S. Osgood's monograph about the Expedition's New names of Captains Lewis and Clark. Reproduced from color foundland dog. A delightful perspective of the canine member paintings by Marie Nonnast Bohlen through the courtesy of of the exploring party. Repi·in t from Montana the Magazine of Fawcett Publications and publisher Prentice-Hall, Inc. Western History, Vol. XXVI, No. 3, Summer 1977. Two 8 X 10 inch portraits with descriptive captions on fine WPO Publication No. 3, July 1978 $1.50 paper stock in authentic color, and suitable for framing. "Beacon Rock on the Columbia: Legends and Tra For more information concerning the ornithology of the Lewis ditions of a Famous Landmark", by Henry J. Biddle. and Clark Expedition, see We Proceeded On, Vol. 10, Nos. 2 & 3, May 1984. A reprint of Biddle's 1925 monograph concerning the acqui sition and preservation of t he 800 foot high landmark on the WPO Publication No. 8, November 1984 Columbia River. Lewis and Clark described the geologic for . $3.00 mation in 1805-1806. Annotations by Robert E. Lange. "Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and the Dis WPO Publication No. 4, December 1980 covery of Montana", by Harry W. Fritz, 32 pages, maps. $2.50 This is an unabridged transcript of a paper presented at the "Three Papers Presented at the Foundation's 12th An 16th Annual Banquet of the Foundation, Great Falls, Mon· nual Meeting, Omaha, Nebraska, and Sioux City, Iowa, tana, August 8, 1984. Dr. Fritz in his fine speaking and writing August 20-22, 1980" style, and backed by his extensive knowledge, has produced this review of the purpose, organization and personnel of the Contents: "Sergeant Floyd and the Floyd Memorial at Sioux exploring enterprise. In addition it presents a fine recapitu City, Iowa", by Edward Ruisch; "Some Thoughts on the Death lation of the Expedition's documentation of their experiences of Sergeant Charles Floyd", by E.G. Chinard, M.D.; "Ex and discovery of what is today the great state of Montana. It pansion of the Fur Trade Following Lewis and Clark", by was in Montana where the exploring party spent the most Ch arles E. Hanson, Jr. "traveling" days while traveling the most miles, overcame one of their greatest obstacles to their favorite river travel (the WPO Publication No. 5, August 1981 .75¢ Great Falls of the Missouri), and established their most nu "Thirteenth Annual Meeting - Visit to the Missoula merous night encampments. County Courthouse - The Edgar Samuel Paxson Murals", compiled by Robert E. Lange. Prices for the above publications include postage and The visit to the Missoula, Montana, courthouse was an event cost of production only. during the Foundation's Annual Meeting. This publication provides biographical information about Montana artist Order from: WPO Publications, 5054 S .W. 26th Place; Edgar Paxson, and descriptions of two of the eight Paxso·n Portland, OR 97201. Make checks payable to the murals in tbe courthouse that depict incidents related to the Foundation. Postage stamps are acceptable in lieu of Expedition in the Missoula Area. checks.
THE FOUNDATION NEEDS THE CONTINUED INTEREST AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF LEWIS AND CLARK ENTHUSIASTS ON A NATION-WIDE BASIS. WE HOPE, IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY A MEMBER, THAT YOU WILL CONSIDER LENDING YOUR SUPPORT TO THE FOUNDATION. IF YOU REQUIRE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, A PROSPECTUS DESCRIBING THE FOUNDATION, TOGETHER WITH A MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION, WILL BE FORWARDED PROMPTLY. ADDRESS YOUR REQUEST TO THE SECRETARY.
WE PROCEEDED ON derives from the phrase whicli. appears repeatedly in the collective journals _of the Expedition: - "this mornirig we set out early and proceeded on ; . . " Capt. Meriwether Lewis, July 19, 1805. " ... wind from the S. W. we proceeded on ... until 6 oC/,ock ... " Capt. William Clark, May 14, 1805. " ... the fog rose thick from the hollars we proceeded on ... " Sgt. John Ordway, June 29, 1800. "We proceeded on with four men in front to cut some bushes .. . " Sgt. Patrick.Gass, June 18, 1806. 'We set out early proceeded on past a Island on the S. Side.:." Sgt. Charles Floyd, June 26, 18:>4. ": .. clouded up ... We proceeded on under a fine breeze ..." Pvt. Joseph Whitehouse, October 10, 1805.
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