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Damaged and Threatened National Historic Landmarks 1995 Damaged and Threatened National Historic Landmarks 1995 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Cultural Resources Heritage Preservation Services This is an overview of the condition of National Historic Landmarks in the United States in 1995. To see the complete text concerning Landmarks judged to be at risk, including descriptions and recommendations for mitigation of threat or damage, please visit the National Park Service Cultural Resources web site at: http://www.cr.nps.gov. This site has extensive information on preservation and documentation programs administered by the National Park Service as well as information on financial assistance and tax credits for historic preservation. This year's report on damaged and threatened National Historic Landmarks may be downloaded from the National Park Service Cultural Programs FTP site at: ftp.cr.nps.gov/pub/hps/nhlrisk.w51. Damaged and Threatened National Historic Landmarks 1995 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Washington, D.C. CERTIFICATES OF APPRECIATION FOR ASSISTANCE TO NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS The National Park Service wishes to acknowledge the outstanding contributions of the following individuals and organizations to the preservation of National Historic Landmarks: Alabama Historical Commission, for stabilization and repointing of Fort Morgan and preservation of its Endicott concrete and wooden structures: Baldwin County, Alabama The University of Tampa, for repairs to the roof and foundation of the Tampa Bay Hotel and for restoration of its ornamental domes: Hillsborough County, Florida The Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the Coca-Cola Company for funding a planning grant for the rehabilitation of the Pool Complex at Warm Springs: Meriwether County, Georgia The Kentucky Heritage Commission, Perryville Association, and Kentucky Department of Transportation for land acquisition to protect Perryville Battlefield from new construction: Boyle County, Kentucky The University of Mississippi, for restoration of William Faulkner's house, Rowan Oak, and its outbuildings Lafayette County, Mississippi WHAT ARE NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS? ational Historic Landmarks (NHLs) commemorate historical events or people that changed the course of U.S. history as Nwell as ways of life that shaped our nation. NHLs are acknowledged as our Nation's most important historic and cultural resources: buildings, structures, districts, objects, and sites.1 The 2,177 designated NHLs are monitored by the National Park Service with the help of State Historic Preservation Offices in order to identify potential threats or damage and recommend methods of preserving or repairing these invaluable reminders of our past. The National Park Service prepares an annual report on their condition to Congress. The report is also used by preservationists, owners and federal, state and local government in identifying and dealing with threats to Landmarks. 16% of the nation's most significant historic places are endangered. Status of NHLs 1995 This report classifies endangered National Historic Landmarks in three categories: Priority 1: The integrity of Landmark's in this category has been found to be seriously damaged, or serious damage is imminent, and inadequate protective strategies are being utilized to preserve the Landmark's integrity. Priority 2: Landmarks in this category are those which exhibit potentially serious damage or which in the future may be seriously threatened, but the endangerment itself is not sufficiently critical at the present time to warrant Priority 1 status. Priority 3: Landmarks in this category are not considered endangered Landmarks and exhibit little or no threat or damage to their integrity. leven National Historic Landmarks were newly listed as severely damaged or endangered this Eyear. 2 At the same time, nine NHLs listed last year improved from Priority 1 status to Priority 2 or 3. NEW PRIORITY ONE LANDMARKS State Name Owner Threat ALASKA Brooks River Archeological National Park Contamination from spilled fuel and District, Katmai Penninsula Service sub-soil disturbance of artifacts Ipiutak Archeological Private Vandalism District, North Slope CALIFORNIA Presidio of San Francisco NPS Deterioration Rock Magnetics GSA, USGS Demolition Laboratory, Menlo Park ILLINOIS Orchestra Hall, Chicago Private Inappropriate Alterations and New Construction MISSOURI Truman (Harry S) Historic Multiple Demolition, severe Deterioration District, Independence Private, NPS NEW JERSEY Hangar ft 1, Lakehurst U.S. Navy Base Closure, no long range Naval Air Station , Ocean protection plan County Lucy, the Margate Local Deterioration Elephant, Margate City NEW YORK Governors Island, New U.S. Coast Base Closure, no long range York City Guard protection plan in place OHIO Hotel Breakers Private Incompatible Alterations Charles F. Kettering Private Fire, severe damage House ince 1990, the percentage of National Historic Landmarks identified as Priority 1, the most Sdamaged or endangered, has hovered between 5.5% and 6.5%. Each year, some NHLs are removed from the list when their condition is improved or threat removed, but others are newly identified as threatened or damaged. NHLs Listed as Priority 1 1985-1995 THREATS ational Historic Landmarks are principally threatened by lack of funding or lack of appreciation for their importance. Others Nsuffer from lack of knowledge of appropriate planning or technical approaches to protect them while providing for new uses of the property itself or surrounding properties. Many suffer from more than one threat. In 1995, Priority 1 Landmarks were damaged or threatened by: Deterioration 63% Inappropriate Alterations 33% Erosion/Flooding 16% Damaging Uses 16% Demolition 15% Vandalism 8% Damaged and Threatened National Historic Landmarks 1995 OWNERSHIP ational Historic Landmarks are owned by private entities such as individuals, non-profits or corporations; by the federal Ngovernment, by states and localities, and by tribes. Most historic districts have a combination of many owners with varying needs and interests. Ownership of NHLs Priority 1 - 1995 Federal Agencies have whole or partial ownership of over 108 NHLs. While federal agencies have special responsibilities under the law to protect National Historic Landmarks, they often lack the funding necessary to stabilize or repair deteriorated Landmarks.3 Changes to NHLs Owned Wholly or Partly by Federal Agencies in 1995 Agency Landmark State New Priority 1 Improved to Prioritv 2 New Priority 2 Removed Air Force Hangar 9, Brooks Air Force TX V" Base Army Ft. Des Moines IA / Army Ft. Fisher NC / BIA Nez Perce -Wallowa Lake WA / BLM Bodie Historic District CA / Coast Guard Governors Island NY V" Coast Guard Kodiak Naval Operations Base AK V* GSA/ USGS Rock Magnetics Lab CA V GSA Old U.S. Mint CA V" Navy USS Hoaa CA V" Navy Tinian Landing Beaches MP V" Navy World War II Facilities UM V" Navy Hangar #1, Lakehurst Naval Air NJ V" Station NPS Brooks River Archeological AK V District NPS The Presidio, San Francisco CA V NPS Truman Historic District MO / NPS Truman Farm Home MO V" NPS NE Entrance Station MT V" TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE n 1995, the National Park Service reorganized to include System Support Offices which will provide technical assistance to National Historic Landmark owners, including those located outside parks. Staff from these ISSOs will work with owners, park superintendents, and State Historic Preservation Offices to provide assistance to NHLs. The new offices, listed below.will put cultural resources staff in the NPS closer to the Landmarks they serve, and each office will serve a smaller number of states. Alaska System Support Office Gulf Coast System Support Office National Park Service National Park Service 2525 Gambell Street, Room 107 75 Spring Street Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Atlanta, Georgia 30303 (907)261-2668 (404) 331-2643 Coordinates National Historic Landmarks program Coordinates National Historic Landmarks both within and outside the National Park System program both within and outside the National Park in Alaska. System in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Chesapeake and Allegheny System Support Rico, South Carolina, and theVirgin Islands. Office National Park Service Rocky Mountain System Support Office Second and Chestnut Streets National Park Service Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 12795 West Alameda Parkway (215)597-2284 P.O. Box 25287 Coordinates National Historic Landmarks program Denver, Colorado 80225 both within and outside the National Park System (303) 969-2842 in Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Coordinates National Historic Landmarks program Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New both within and outside parks in Montana, Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Wyoming, Colorado and Utah. Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. Southwest System Support Office National Park Service Columbia Cascades System Support Office 12795 West Alameda Parkway National Park Service P.O. Box 25287 909 First Avenue Denver, Colorado 80225 Seattle, Washington 98104-1060 (303) 969-2898 206-220-4138 National Historic Landmarks program both within Coordinates National Historic Landmarks program and outside the National Park System in Arizona, both within and outside the National Park System New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma. in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Pacific Great Basin & Pacific Island System Great Lakes System Support Office Support Offices National Park Service National Park
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