DOCSLIB.ORG

Who Was Sacagawea? Canoe Camp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Who Was Sacagawea? Canoe Camp President’s Message Jane Randol Jackson Historic Trails & Communities Travelers’ Rest State Park Expands• • A Sacagawea Bibliography• • Eva Emery Dye’s Sacagawea Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation / www.lewisandclark.org November 2011 Volume 37, No. 4 Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation / www.lewisandclark.org August 2012 Volume 38, No. 3 THEBirdwoman, SEARCH Wife, FOR Mother, CLARK Interpreter:’S ELUSIVE YELLOWSTONEWho Was Sacagawea? CANOE CAMP “Sacagawea Returned to Her People—August 24, 1805.” by Charles Fritz. In this painting, Sacagawea is depicted during her departure from Camp Fortunate, going west up Thomas Jefferson, A Moose, todays’ Horse Prairie Creek in southwestern Montana. The next day, with help of the Shoshone Lewis and Clark Encounter a World of Women women and their horses, the expedition crossed over Lemhi Pass and the Continental Divide. and the Theory of American Degeneracy "Our Canoes on the River Rochejhone" by Charles Fritz, 19 inches by 16 inches, oil on board From Sakakawea to Sacagawea: The Evolution of a Name Contents President’s Message: In Peace and Good Friendship 2 Letters: Iron-Framed Boat to Coracles; Burning Bluffs Redux 5 Buttons, Beads & Bilious Pills at Montana’s First Campsite 6 Archeological evidence at Travelers’ Rest State Park prompted the National Park Service to redraw park boundaries. By Martha Lindsey Sacagawea, Sacajawea, Sakakawea How Do You Spell Birdwoman? 10 From Lewis and Clark, who spelled her name 17 different ways to the Hidatsa spelling of “Sakakawea,” there have been numerous spellings of the Shoshone woman’s name. By Irving W. Anderson and Blanche Schroer Entrance to the Bitterroot Mountains, p. 7 Lewis and Clark Encounter a World of Women 12 When Lewis and Clark encountered Native American women, they often decried what seemed like oppression. But in many Native American societies they encountered, women’s roles complemented men’s and gave them secret sources of influence. By Carolyn Gilman Bird Woman, Donna Reed & A Golden Coin Visual Portrayals of Sacagawea 19 By Donna J. Barbie In sculpture, film, plates, and coins, Americans have literally shaped Sacagawea into an American cultural heroine. Sacagawea Primer: A Bibliography 25 An invaluable source of Sacagawea biographies, essays, and articles. By Barb Kubik Mink, a Beautiful Girl, p. 12 Reviews 28 The Character of Meriwether Lewis by Clay S. Jenkinson; The Lost Journals of Sacajewea by Debra Magpie Earling. By Greg Gordon; Rick Newby Endnotes 32 Eva Emery Dye wrote her 1902 historical novel about Sacagawea to help promote women’s suffrage. But she wasn’t aware of the moment Sacagawea herself voted. By Ron Laycock On the cover Sacajawea by E.S. Paxson, 1904. Montana Museum of Art and Culture Bird Woman, p. 19 WPO_August 2012.indd 1 7/25/12 4:44 PM President’s Message In Peace and Good Friendship August 2012 • Volume 38, Number 3 merica went through signi cant Don Peterson and Cathie Erickson for WE PROCEEDED ON is the of cial publication changes in 1812. John Jacob their assistance and bookkeeping. I also of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage A Foundation, Inc. Its name derives from Astor’s Pacific Fur Company extend special thanks to Ken Jutzi, who a phrase that appears repeatedly in the constructed Fort Astoria near the performed extraordinary service with collective journals of the expedition. © 2012 former site of Fort Clatsop. Mountain our information management system. E. G. Chuinard, M.D., Founder man Wilson Price Hunt discovered an ISSN 02275-6706 overland route to the Paci c via the Editor and Designer Snake and Columbia rivers. The New Caroline Patterson, [email protected] Madrid earthquake shook residents Eileen Chontos, Chontos Design, Inc. in the heartland and even caused the Volunteer Proofreaders Mississippi to flow backward for a H. Carl Camp • Jerry Garrett • J. I. Merritt time. The New Orleans was the rst Printed by Advanced Litho steamboat to successfully navigate Great Falls, Mont. from Pittsburgh to the Gulf of Mexico. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Its arrival coincided with Louisiana’s Jay H. Buckley Barb Kubik becoming the eighteenth state of Provo, Utah Vancouver, Wash. the Union. War broke out between H. Carl Camp Glen Lindeman the United States and Great Britain Omaha, Neb. Pullman, Wash. in a second American Revolution. Robert C. Carriker J. I. Merritt Spokane, Wash. Pennington, N.J. William Clark (who turned 42 on Elizabeth Chew Robert Moore, Jr. August 1, 1812) was appointed the Charlottesville, Virg. St. Louis, Mo. new Missouri territorial governor and Carolyn Gilman Gary E. Moulton served as ex-of cio superintendent of St. Louis, Mo. Lincoln, Neb. Indian affairs for all western tribes. James Holmberg Phillippa New eld Several years later, after the election Louisville, Ken. San Francisco, Calif. President Jay H. Buckley Wendy Raney of James Monroe, the Era of Good Cascade, Mont. Feelings was ushered in. I express my gratitude to the Membership Information Since October 1, 2011, the Executive Committee, the Board of Membership in the Lewis and Clark Trail leadership of the Lewis and Clark Directors, and the committees and their Heritage Foundation, Inc. is open to the Trail Heritage Foundation has been chairs for the fantastic work they have public. Information and applications are busily engaged in fostering its own Era been doing: Ken Jutzi (Awards); Bob available by writing Membership Coordinator, of Good Feelings. During my term as Gatten (Bicentennial Trail Stewardship Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403. president of the LCTHF, I have been Advisory); Lorna Hainesworth and grati ed to see so many individuals Jim Mallory (Eastern Legacy); Barb WE PROCEEDED ON, the quarterly magazine of the Foundation, is mailed to current and chapters step forward to address Kubik (Education and Scholarship); members in February, May, August, and the concerns of our times. We elected Wendy Raney (WPO Editorial November. Articles appearing in this journal a new president, replaced the executive Advisory); Steve Lee (Financial are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL committee, and added new board Affairs); Margaret Gorski (Friends and ABSTRACTS and AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. members. We held board meetings Partners); Jerry Garrett (Governance); Annual Membership Categories: in Clarksville, Great Falls, and had a Gary Moulton (Library and Archives); Student: $30 fabulous annual meeting at the Falls of Dick Prestholdt (Living History); Jim Individual: $49 the Ohio. We hired Caroline Patterson Rosenberger (Membership); and Lou Individual 3-Year: $133 Family/International: $65/$70 as the new editor for our scholarly Ritten (Meeting). If you would like Trail Partner: $200 journal, We Proceeded On. She has to serve on one of the committees, Heritage Club: $100 done an outstanding job of getting the please contact the committee chairs or Explorer Club: $150 publication of WPO back on schedule. someone at headquarters. In addition, Jefferson Club: $250 Discovery Club: $500 We hired Lindy Hatcher as the new I express my thanks to Bryant Boswell Lifetime: $995, $2,500 and $5,000 executive director. Lindy has done a for his help in facilitating our work The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. masterful job of learning the major and with the Boy Scouts. Jim Keith, is a tax-exempt nonpro t corporation. Individual minor components of the operation Linda and Jerry Robertson, Phyllis membership dues are not tax deductible. The portion of premium dues over $40 is tax deductible. and we are so pleased to have her at Yeager, and members of the Ohio the Great Falls headquarters. We thank River Chapter put on a terri c 44th 2 We Proceeded On August 2012 WPO_August 2012.indd 2 7/25/12 4:44 PM President’s Message annual meeting in Clarksville. Steve Exciting things are happening from Lee was instrumental in initiating an sea to shining sea. After losing nearly annual report. Doug and Lynn Davis 300 members since 2010, we have added helped restore order to Great Falls 60 new members this year for a total of ce les. Sue Buchel and others have of approximately 1,200 members. We volunteered at the Sherman Library. need your ongoing support to recruit An anonymous donor gave a thousand and reclaim more members. dollars to the Foundation to assist Enthusiasm in the schools is also in the executive director search. The catching re. Teacher David Ellingson membership of the Badger Chapter taught a Lewis and Clark class focused raised funds to make a donation to the on the scienti c contributions of the Foundation. The California Chapter expedition to high school students paid for lobby directional signs and in Woodburn, Ore. Following the the Portage Route Chapter funded journals, students did field work the Willliam P. Sherman Library in the Columbia Gorge and near and Archives sign at the Great Falls Fort Clatsop documenting the same Available at Booksellers Interpretive Center. Other chapters botanical specimens the captains Or Directly from the Publisher at hosted fantastic regional meetings on collected more than 200 years ago. Or Call 877-462-8535 Thewww.FortMandan.com Dakota Institute Press Editor Caroline Patterson, President Jay Buckley, Executive Director Lindy Hatcher the Columbia, Missouri, Mississippi, After collecting used cell phones and and Ohio rivers, at the Columbia selling them for parts, the third grade Gorge in Ore. and in Wash., and in class of the Princeton Day School in the East in Frederick, Md., Big Bone New Jersey donated the proceeds to Lick, Ky., and Tippecanoe, Ind. We the Foundation. We are grateful to one anticipate other meetings including and all for their contributions. the one commemorating Sacagawea’s I am grateful to the three dozen death in South Dakota in September LCTHF chapters throughout the Available at Booksellers and another in New Orleans, La., in country.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Working Mothers and the Postponement of Women's
    SUK_FINAL PROOF_REDLINE.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 3/13/2021 4:13 AM WORKING MOTHERS AND THE POSTPONEMENT OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS FROM THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT JULIE C. SUK* The Nineteenth Amendment’s ratification in 1920 spawned new initiatives to advance the status of women, including the proposal of another constitutional amendment that would guarantee women equality in all legal rights, beyond the right to vote. Both the Nineteenth Amendment and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) grew out of the long quest to enshrine women’s equal status under the law as citizens, which began in the nineteenth century. Nearly a century later, the ERA remains unfinished business with an uncertain future. Suffragists advanced different visions and strategies for women’s empowerment after they got the constitutional right to vote. They divided over the ERA. Their disagreements, this Essay argues, productively postponed the ERA, and reshaped its meaning over time to be more responsive to the challenges women faced in exercising economic and political power because they were mothers. An understanding of how and why *Professor of Sociology, Political Science, and Liberal Studies, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and Florence Rogatz Visiting Professor of Law (fall 2020) and Senior Research Scholar, Yale Law School. Huge thanks to Saul Cornell, Deborah Dinner, Vicki Jackson, Michael Klarman, Jill Lepore, Suzette Malveaux, Jane Manners, Sara McDougall, Paula Monopoli, Jed Shugerman, Reva Siegel, and Kirsten Swinth. Their comments and reactions to earlier iterations of this project conjured this Essay into existence. This Essay began as a presentation of disconnected chunks of research for my book, WE THE WOMEN: THE UNSTOPPABLE MOTHERS OF THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT (2020) , but the conversations generated by law school audiences nudged me to write a separate essay to explore more thoroughly how the story of suffragists’ ERA dispute after the Nineteenth Amendment affects the future of constitutional lawmaking.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Flathead Formation (Middle Cambrian) on the Perimeter
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1978 Geology of the Flathead Formation (Middle Cambrian) on the perimeter of the Bighorn Basin, Beartooth Mountains, and Little Belt Mountains in Wyoming and Montana Joel A. Degenstein University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Degenstein, Joel A., "Geology of the Flathead Formation (Middle Cambrian) on the perimeter of the Bighorn Basin, Beartooth Mountains, and Little Belt Mountains in Wyoming and Montana" (1978). Theses and Dissertations. 71. https://commons.und.edu/theses/71 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEOLOGY OF THE FLATHEAD FORMATION (MIDDLE CAMBRIAN) ON THE PERIMETER OF THE BIGHORN BASIN, BEARTOOTH MOUNTAINS, AND LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS IN WYOMING AND MONTANA by Joel A. Degenstein Bachelor of Science in Geology, University of North Dakota, 1976 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota GEOLCGY LIBl(ARY August lJnivenitJ of Ncrtb Dakoll 1978 / . , '"\'';'.ft. ',I l This Thesis submicted by Joel A, Degenstein in partial fulfill­ ment of the requirements for the Degree of :·Iast:er of Science from ci:te University of ?forth Dakota is hereby app:.-c,·ed by the Faculty Advisory Col!llllittee under whom the work has been done.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing and Evaluation of Recovered Traction Sanding Material Fhwa/Mt-13-003/8213
    TESTING AND EVALUATION OF RECOVERED TRACTION SANDING MATERIAL FHWA/MT-13-003/8213 Final Report prepared for THE STATE OF MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION in cooperation with THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION April 2013 prepared by Robert Mokwa, PE Andrew Foster Western Transportation Institute Montana State University - Bozeman RESEARCH PROGRAMS You are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work; make derivative works; make commercial use of the work under the condition that you give the original author and sponsor credit. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the sponsor. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Testing and Evaluation of Recovered Traction Sanding Material Project Report Prepared by Dr. Robert Mokwa, P.E. Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department and Andrew Foster Graduate Student, Civil Engineering Department of the Western Transportation Institute College of Engineering Montana State University – Bozeman for the State of Montana Department of Transportation Research Programs in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration April 2013 TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Access No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-MT/13-003/8213 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Testing and Evaluation of Recovered Traction Sanding April 2013 Material 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report Code Robert Mokwa and Andrew Foster 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No.
    [Show full text]
  • General Vertical Files Anderson Reading Room Center for Southwest Research Zimmerman Library
    “A” – biographical Abiquiu, NM GUIDE TO THE GENERAL VERTICAL FILES ANDERSON READING ROOM CENTER FOR SOUTHWEST RESEARCH ZIMMERMAN LIBRARY (See UNM Archives Vertical Files http://rmoa.unm.edu/docviewer.php?docId=nmuunmverticalfiles.xml) FOLDER HEADINGS “A” – biographical Alpha folders contain clippings about various misc. individuals, artists, writers, etc, whose names begin with “A.” Alpha folders exist for most letters of the alphabet. Abbey, Edward – author Abeita, Jim – artist – Navajo Abell, Bertha M. – first Anglo born near Albuquerque Abeyta / Abeita – biographical information of people with this surname Abeyta, Tony – painter - Navajo Abiquiu, NM – General – Catholic – Christ in the Desert Monastery – Dam and Reservoir Abo Pass - history. See also Salinas National Monument Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Afghanistan War – NM – See also Iraq War Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Abrams, Jonathan – art collector Abreu, Margaret Silva – author: Hispanic, folklore, foods Abruzzo, Ben – balloonist. See also Ballooning, Albuquerque Balloon Fiesta Acequias – ditches (canoas, ground wáter, surface wáter, puming, water rights (See also Land Grants; Rio Grande Valley; Water; and Santa Fe - Acequia Madre) Acequias – Albuquerque, map 2005-2006 – ditch system in city Acequias – Colorado (San Luis) Ackerman, Mae N. – Masonic leader Acoma Pueblo - Sky City. See also Indian gaming. See also Pueblos – General; and Onate, Juan de Acuff, Mark – newspaper editor – NM Independent and
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Voices Teacher Guide
    Teacher Guide for High School for use with the educational DVD Contemporary Voices along the Lewis & Clark Trail First Edition The Regional Learning Project collaborates with tribal educators to produce top quality, primary resource materials about Native Americans, Montana, and regional history. Bob Boyer, Kim Lugthart, Elizabeth Sperry, Sally Thompson © 2008 Regional Learning Project, The University of Montana, Center for Continuing Education Regional Learning Project at the University of Montana–Missoula grants teachers permission to photocopy the activity pages from this book for classroom use. No other part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. For more information regarding permission, write to Regional Learning Project, UM Continuing Education, Missoula, MT 59812. Acknowledgements Regional Learning Project extends grateful acknowledgement to the tribal representatives contributing to this project. The following is a list of those appearing in the DVD, from interviews conducted by Sally Thompson, Ph.D. Lewis Malatare (Yakama) Lee Bourgeau (Nez Perce) Allen Pinkham (Nez Perce) Julie Cajune (Salish) Pat Courtney Gold (Wasco) Maria Pascua (Makah) Armand Minthorn (Cayuse/Nez Perce) Cecelia Bearchum (Walla Walla/Yakama) Vernon Finley (Kootenai) Otis Halfmoon (Nez Perce) Louis Adams (Salish) Kathleen Gordon (Cayuse/Walla Walla) Felix
    [Show full text]
  • History of Navigation on the Yellowstone River
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1950 History of navigation on the Yellowstone River John Gordon MacDonald The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation MacDonald, John Gordon, "History of navigation on the Yellowstone River" (1950). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2565. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2565 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HISTORY of NAVIGATION ON THE YELLOWoTGriE RIVER by John G, ^acUonald______ Ë.À., Jamestown College, 1937 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Mas­ ter of Arts. Montana State University 1950 Approved: Q cxajJL 0. Chaiinmaban of Board of Examiners auaue ocnool UMI Number: EP36086 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Ois8<irtatk>n PuUishing UMI EP36086 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana
    Report of Investigation 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg 2015 Cover photo by Richard Berg. Sapphires (very pale green and colorless) concentrated by panning. The small red grains are garnets, commonly found with sapphires in western Montana, and the black sand is mainly magnetite. Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology MBMG Report of Investigation 23 2015 i Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 Descriptions of Occurrences ..................................................................................................7 Selected Bibliography of Articles on Montana Sapphires ................................................... 75 General Montana ............................................................................................................75 Yogo ................................................................................................................................ 75 Southwestern Montana Alluvial Deposits........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Rock Creek sapphire district ........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Dry Cottonwood Creek deposit and the Butte area ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Chiricahua Apache from 1886-1914, 35 Am
    American Indian Law Review Volume 35 | Number 1 1-1-2010 Values in Transition: The hirC icahua Apache from 1886-1914 John W. Ragsdale Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Other History Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation John W. Ragsdale Jr., Values in Transition: The Chiricahua Apache from 1886-1914, 35 Am. Indian L. Rev. (2010), https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr/vol35/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VALUES IN TRANSITION: THE CHIRICAHUA APACHE FROM 1886-1914 John W Ragsdale, Jr.* Abstract Law confirms but seldom determines the course of a society. Values and beliefs, instead, are the true polestars, incrementally implemented by the laws, customs, and policies. The Chiricahua Apache, a tribal society of hunters, gatherers, and raiders in the mountains and deserts of the Southwest, were squeezed between the growing populations and economies of the United States and Mexico. Raiding brought response, reprisal, and ultimately confinement at the loathsome San Carlos Reservation. Though most Chiricahua submitted to the beginnings of assimilation, a number of the hardiest and least malleable did not. Periodic breakouts, wild raids through New Mexico and Arizona, and a labyrinthian, nearly impenetrable sanctuary in the Sierra Madre led the United States to an extraordinary and unprincipled overreaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontier Culture: the Roots and Persistence of “Rugged Individualism” in the United States Samuel Bazzi, Martin Fiszbein, and Mesay Gebresilasse NBER Working Paper No
    Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of “Rugged Individualism” in the United States Samuel Bazzi, Martin Fiszbein, and Mesay Gebresilasse NBER Working Paper No. 23997 November 2017, Revised August 2020 JEL No. D72,H2,N31,N91,P16 ABSTRACT The presence of a westward-moving frontier of settlement shaped early U.S. history. In 1893, the historian Frederick Jackson Turner famously argued that the American frontier fostered individualism. We investigate the Frontier Thesis and identify its long-run implications for culture and politics. We track the frontier throughout the 1790–1890 period and construct a novel, county-level measure of total frontier experience (TFE). Historically, frontier locations had distinctive demographics and greater individualism. Long after the closing of the frontier, counties with greater TFE exhibit more pervasive individualism and opposition to redistribution. This pattern cuts across known divides in the U.S., including urban–rural and north–south. We provide evidence on the roots of frontier culture, identifying both selective migration and a causal effect of frontier exposure on individualism. Overall, our findings shed new light on the frontier’s persistent legacy of rugged individualism. Samuel Bazzi Mesay Gebresilasse Department of Economics Amherst College Boston University 301 Converse Hall 270 Bay State Road Amherst, MA 01002 Boston, MA 02215 [email protected] and CEPR and also NBER [email protected] Martin Fiszbein Department of Economics Boston University 270 Bay State Road Boston, MA 02215 and NBER [email protected] Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of “Rugged Individualism” in the United States∗ Samuel Bazziy Martin Fiszbeinz Mesay Gebresilassex Boston University Boston University Amherst College NBER and CEPR and NBER July 2020 Abstract The presence of a westward-moving frontier of settlement shaped early U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Eastman, Standing Bear, and Zitkala Sa
    Dakota/Lakota Progressive Writers: Charles Eastman, Standing Bear, and Zitkala Sa Gretchen Eick Friends University a cold bare pole I seemed to be, planted in a strange earth1 This paper focuses on three Dakota/Lakota progressive writers: Charles Alexander Eastman (Ohiyesa) of the Santee/Dakota; Luther Standing Bear (Ota Kte) of the Brulé; and Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala Sa) of the Yankton. All three were widely read and popular “Indian writers,” who wrote about their traumatic childhoods, about being caught between two ways of living and perceiving, and about being coerced to leave the familiar for immersion in the ways of the whites. Eastman wrote dozens of magazine articles and eleven books, two of them auto- biographies, Indian Boyhood (1902) and From the Deep Woods to Civilization (1916).2 Standing Bear wrote four books, two of them autobiographies, My People, the Sioux (1928) and My Indian Boyhood (1931).3 Zitkala Sa wrote more than a dozen articles, several auto-biographical, and nine books, one autobiographical, American Indian Stories (1921), and the others Dakota stories, such as Old Indian Legends (1901). She also co- wrote an opera The Sun Dance. 4 1 Zitkala Sa, “An Indian Teacher Among the Indians,” American Indian Stories, Legends, and Other Writings, Cathy N. Davidson and Ada Norris, eds., ( New York: Penguin Books, 2003), 112. 2The other titles are Red Hunters and the Animal People (1904), Old Indian Days (1907), Wigwam Evenings: Sioux Folk Tales Retold (1909), Smoky Day’s Wigwam Evenings: Indian Stories Retold (1910), The Soul of an Indian: An Interpretation (1911), Indian Child Life (1913), The Indian Today: The Past and Future of the First Americans (1915), Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains (1918), Indian Scout Talks: A Guide for Boy Scouts and Campfire Girls (1914), and his two autobiographies, Indian Boyhood (1902) and From the Deep Woods to Civilization (1916).
    [Show full text]
  • NORMAN K Denzin Sacagawea's Nickname1, Or the Sacagawea
    NORMAN K DENZIN Sacagawea’s Nickname1, or The Sacagawea Problem The tropical emotion that has created a legendary Sacajawea awaits study...Few others have had so much sentimental fantasy expended on them. A good many men who have written about her...have obviously fallen in love with her. Almost every woman who has written about her has become Sacajawea in her inner reverie (DeVoto, 195, p. 618; see also Waldo, 1978, p. xii). Anyway, what it all comes down to is this: the story of Sacagawea...can be told a lot of different ways (Allen, 1984, p. 4). Many millions of Native American women have lived and died...and yet, until quite recently, only two – Pocahantas and Sacagawea – have left even faint tracings of their personalities on history (McMurtry, 001, p. 155). PROLOGUE 1 THE CAMERA EYE (1) 2: Introduction: Voice 1: Narrator-as-Dramatist This essay3 is a co-performance text, a four-act play – with act one and four presented here – that builds on and extends the performance texts presented in Denzin (004, 005).4 “Sacagawea’s Nickname, or the Sacagawea Problem” enacts a critical cultural politics concerning Native American women and their presence in the Lewis and Clark Journals. It is another telling of how critical race theory and critical pedagogy meet popular history. The revisionist history at hand is the history of Sacagawea and the representation of Native American women in two cultural and symbolic landscapes: the expedition journals, and Montana’s most famous novel, A B Guthrie, Jr.’s mid-century novel (1947), Big Sky (Blew, 1988, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Promise Beheld and the Limits of Place
    Promise Beheld and the Limits of Place A Historic Resource Study of Carlsbad Caverns and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks and the Surrounding Areas By Hal K. Rothman Daniel Holder, Research Associate National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office Series Number Acknowledgments This book would not be possible without the full cooperation of the men and women working for the National Park Service, starting with the superintendents of the two parks, Frank Deckert at Carlsbad Caverns National Park and Larry Henderson at Guadalupe Mountains National Park. One of the true joys of writing about the park system is meeting the professionals who interpret, protect and preserve the nation’s treasures. Just as important are the librarians, archivists and researchers who assisted us at libraries in several states. There are too many to mention individuals, so all we can say is thank you to all those people who guided us through the catalogs, pulled books and documents for us, and filed them back away after we left. One individual who deserves special mention is Jed Howard of Carlsbad, who provided local insight into the area’s national parks. Through his position with the Southeastern New Mexico Historical Society, he supplied many of the photographs in this book. We sincerely appreciate all of his help. And finally, this book is the product of many sacrifices on the part of our families. This book is dedicated to LauraLee and Lucille, who gave us the time to write it, and Talia, Brent, and Megan, who provide the reasons for writing. Hal Rothman Dan Holder September 1998 i Executive Summary Located on the great Permian Uplift, the Guadalupe Mountains and Carlsbad Caverns national parks area is rich in prehistory and history.
    [Show full text]