President’s Message Jane Randol Jackson Historic Trails & Communities Travelers’ Rest State Park Expands• • A Sacagawea Bibliography• • Eva Emery Dye’s Sacagawea Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation / www.lewisandclark.org November 2011 Volume 37, No. 4 Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation / www.lewisandclark.org August 2012 Volume 38, No. 3 THEBirdwoman, SEARCH Wife, FOR Mother, CLARK Interpreter:’S ELUSIVE YELLOWSTONEWho Was Sacagawea? CANOE CAMP “Sacagawea Returned to Her People—August 24, 1805.” by Charles Fritz. In this painting, Sacagawea is depicted during her departure from Camp Fortunate, going west up Thomas Jefferson, A Moose, todays’ Horse Prairie Creek in southwestern Montana. The next day, with help of the Shoshone Lewis and Clark Encounter a World of Women women and their horses, the expedition crossed over Lemhi Pass and the Continental Divide. and the Theory of American Degeneracy "Our Canoes on the River Rochejhone" by Charles Fritz, 19 inches by 16 inches, oil on board From Sakakawea to Sacagawea: The Evolution of a Name Contents President’s Message: In Peace and Good Friendship 2 Letters: Iron-Framed Boat to Coracles; Burning Bluffs Redux 5 Buttons, Beads & Bilious Pills at Montana’s First Campsite 6 Archeological evidence at Travelers’ Rest State Park prompted the National Park Service to redraw park boundaries. By Martha Lindsey Sacagawea, Sacajawea, Sakakawea How Do You Spell Birdwoman? 10 From Lewis and Clark, who spelled her name 17 different ways to the Hidatsa spelling of “Sakakawea,” there have been numerous spellings of the Shoshone woman’s name. By Irving W. Anderson and Blanche Schroer Entrance to the Bitterroot Mountains, p. 7 Lewis and Clark Encounter a World of Women 12 When Lewis and Clark encountered Native American women, they often decried what seemed like oppression. But in many Native American societies they encountered, women’s roles complemented men’s and gave them secret sources of influence. By Carolyn Gilman Bird Woman, Donna Reed & A Golden Coin Visual Portrayals of Sacagawea 19 By Donna J. Barbie In sculpture, film, plates, and coins, Americans have literally shaped Sacagawea into an American cultural heroine. Sacagawea Primer: A Bibliography 25 An invaluable source of Sacagawea biographies, essays, and articles. By Barb Kubik Mink, a Beautiful Girl, p. 12 Reviews 28 The Character of Meriwether Lewis by Clay S. Jenkinson; The Lost Journals of Sacajewea by Debra Magpie Earling. By Greg Gordon; Rick Newby Endnotes 32 Eva Emery Dye wrote her 1902 historical novel about Sacagawea to help promote women’s suffrage. But she wasn’t aware of the moment Sacagawea herself voted. By Ron Laycock On the cover Sacajawea by E.S. Paxson, 1904. Montana Museum of Art and Culture Bird Woman, p. 19 WPO_August 2012.indd 1 7/25/12 4:44 PM President’s Message In Peace and Good Friendship August 2012 • Volume 38, Number 3 merica went through signi cant Don Peterson and Cathie Erickson for WE PROCEEDED ON is the of cial publication changes in 1812. John Jacob their assistance and bookkeeping. I also of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage A Foundation, Inc. Its name derives from Astor’s Pacific Fur Company extend special thanks to Ken Jutzi, who a phrase that appears repeatedly in the constructed Fort Astoria near the performed extraordinary service with collective journals of the expedition. © 2012 former site of Fort Clatsop. Mountain our information management system. E. G. Chuinard, M.D., Founder man Wilson Price Hunt discovered an ISSN 02275-6706 overland route to the Paci c via the Editor and Designer Snake and Columbia rivers. The New Caroline Patterson, [email protected] Madrid earthquake shook residents Eileen Chontos, Chontos Design, Inc. in the heartland and even caused the Volunteer Proofreaders Mississippi to flow backward for a H. Carl Camp • Jerry Garrett • J. I. Merritt time. The New Orleans was the rst Printed by Advanced Litho steamboat to successfully navigate Great Falls, Mont. from Pittsburgh to the Gulf of Mexico. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Its arrival coincided with Louisiana’s Jay H. Buckley Barb Kubik becoming the eighteenth state of Provo, Utah Vancouver, Wash. the Union. War broke out between H. Carl Camp Glen Lindeman the United States and Great Britain Omaha, Neb. Pullman, Wash. in a second American Revolution. Robert C. Carriker J. I. Merritt Spokane, Wash. Pennington, N.J. William Clark (who turned 42 on Elizabeth Chew Robert Moore, Jr. August 1, 1812) was appointed the Charlottesville, Virg. St. Louis, Mo. new Missouri territorial governor and Carolyn Gilman Gary E. Moulton served as ex-of cio superintendent of St. Louis, Mo. Lincoln, Neb. Indian affairs for all western tribes. James Holmberg Phillippa New eld Several years later, after the election Louisville, Ken. San Francisco, Calif. President Jay H. Buckley Wendy Raney of James Monroe, the Era of Good Cascade, Mont. Feelings was ushered in. I express my gratitude to the Membership Information Since October 1, 2011, the Executive Committee, the Board of Membership in the Lewis and Clark Trail leadership of the Lewis and Clark Directors, and the committees and their Heritage Foundation, Inc. is open to the Trail Heritage Foundation has been chairs for the fantastic work they have public. Information and applications are busily engaged in fostering its own Era been doing: Ken Jutzi (Awards); Bob available by writing Membership Coordinator, of Good Feelings. During my term as Gatten (Bicentennial Trail Stewardship Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403. president of the LCTHF, I have been Advisory); Lorna Hainesworth and grati ed to see so many individuals Jim Mallory (Eastern Legacy); Barb WE PROCEEDED ON, the quarterly magazine of the Foundation, is mailed to current and chapters step forward to address Kubik (Education and Scholarship); members in February, May, August, and the concerns of our times. We elected Wendy Raney (WPO Editorial November. Articles appearing in this journal a new president, replaced the executive Advisory); Steve Lee (Financial are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL committee, and added new board Affairs); Margaret Gorski (Friends and ABSTRACTS and AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. members. We held board meetings Partners); Jerry Garrett (Governance); Annual Membership Categories: in Clarksville, Great Falls, and had a Gary Moulton (Library and Archives); Student: $30 fabulous annual meeting at the Falls of Dick Prestholdt (Living History); Jim Individual: $49 the Ohio. We hired Caroline Patterson Rosenberger (Membership); and Lou Individual 3-Year: $133 Family/International: $65/$70 as the new editor for our scholarly Ritten (Meeting). If you would like Trail Partner: $200 journal, We Proceeded On. She has to serve on one of the committees, Heritage Club: $100 done an outstanding job of getting the please contact the committee chairs or Explorer Club: $150 publication of WPO back on schedule. someone at headquarters. In addition, Jefferson Club: $250 Discovery Club: $500 We hired Lindy Hatcher as the new I express my thanks to Bryant Boswell Lifetime: $995, $2,500 and $5,000 executive director. Lindy has done a for his help in facilitating our work The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. masterful job of learning the major and with the Boy Scouts. Jim Keith, is a tax-exempt nonpro t corporation. Individual minor components of the operation Linda and Jerry Robertson, Phyllis membership dues are not tax deductible. The portion of premium dues over $40 is tax deductible. and we are so pleased to have her at Yeager, and members of the Ohio the Great Falls headquarters. We thank River Chapter put on a terri c 44th 2 We Proceeded On August 2012 WPO_August 2012.indd 2 7/25/12 4:44 PM President’s Message annual meeting in Clarksville. Steve Exciting things are happening from Lee was instrumental in initiating an sea to shining sea. After losing nearly annual report. Doug and Lynn Davis 300 members since 2010, we have added helped restore order to Great Falls 60 new members this year for a total of ce les. Sue Buchel and others have of approximately 1,200 members. We volunteered at the Sherman Library. need your ongoing support to recruit An anonymous donor gave a thousand and reclaim more members. dollars to the Foundation to assist Enthusiasm in the schools is also in the executive director search. The catching re. Teacher David Ellingson membership of the Badger Chapter taught a Lewis and Clark class focused raised funds to make a donation to the on the scienti c contributions of the Foundation. The California Chapter expedition to high school students paid for lobby directional signs and in Woodburn, Ore. Following the the Portage Route Chapter funded journals, students did field work the Willliam P. Sherman Library in the Columbia Gorge and near and Archives sign at the Great Falls Fort Clatsop documenting the same Available at Booksellers Interpretive Center. Other chapters botanical specimens the captains Or Directly from the Publisher at hosted fantastic regional meetings on collected more than 200 years ago. Or Call 877-462-8535 Thewww.FortMandan.com Dakota Institute Press Editor Caroline Patterson, President Jay Buckley, Executive Director Lindy Hatcher the Columbia, Missouri, Mississippi, After collecting used cell phones and and Ohio rivers, at the Columbia selling them for parts, the third grade Gorge in Ore. and in Wash., and in class of the Princeton Day School in the East in Frederick, Md., Big Bone New Jersey donated the proceeds to Lick, Ky., and Tippecanoe, Ind. We the Foundation. We are grateful to one anticipate other meetings including and all for their contributions. the one commemorating Sacagawea’s I am grateful to the three dozen death in South Dakota in September LCTHF chapters throughout the Available at Booksellers and another in New Orleans, La., in country.