Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana
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Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
Heat Treating Corundum: the Bangkok Operation
HEAT TREATING CORUNDUM: THE BANGKOK OPERATION By Jack S. D. Abraham Following LIP on Nassau's 1981 article on Banglzolz gem dealer buys a lo+-ct ruby for a six- the technical aspects of heat treating ruby A figure sum and heats it hoping to improve its color and sapphire, the author reports his and value. After one heating, the stone dulls and cannot personal observations of the actual heat be sold for half of its original price. But a few tries later treatment process in Bangkok. He the stone is so improved that a major European dealer discusses the potential effects that this buys it for almost five times the original amount- process can have on a stone-both positive and negative-and emphasizes lznowing that it has been heat treated. the importance of the natural make-up of Another Thai dealer pays a large sum for a 600-ct piece the stone itself to the success of heot of sapphire rough. He then cuts it into four sections and treatment. heats each. For the largest piece, which is over 100 ctl he receives 20% more than he paid for the entire original stone-again from a buyer who knows the stone is heated. A third dealer, however, heats a sapphire for which he has paid a six-figure sum but instead of enhancing the color, the treatment causes the stone to brealz into several pieces. It is now worth a fraction of its original price. Such incidents suggest that the heating of ruby and sapphire has become a fully acceptedl if very rislzyl fact of life in the Far East. -
GEOLOGY and COAL RESOURCES of NORTHERN TETON COUNTY, MONTANA. by EUGENE STEBINGER. the Paper Here Presented Describes the Coal R
GEOLOGY AND COAL RESOURCES OF NORTHERN TETON COUNTY, MONTANA. By EUGENE STEBINGER. INTRODUCTION. The paper here presented describes the coal resources of a large area in Teton County,1 northwestern Montana, including the Black- feet Indian Eeservation and a considerable area of the country lying to the east. The scope of the paper is limited to a consideration only of those features having a bearing on the value and quantity of the coal present. The geology of the region is briefly described, the aim being to give a general understanding of the geologic setting in which the coals occur. Nearly all the rocks in northern Teton County belong to formations that are of the same age as others which, elsewhere in Montana, con tain almost all the coal found in the State. This fact led to several generous estimates as to the extent of the coal-bearing areas likely to be found in this region. Weed 2 and Rowe 3 have published maps on which the valuable bituminous coal area of the Great Falls field is shown as extending northward entirely across Teton County to the Canadian boundary. Similarly, the presence of an extensive coal field, long actively developed at Lethridge, Alberta, 50 miles north of the boundary, gave rise to forecasts that a southward extension of that field, following the strike of the geologic formations, would be found on the line of the Great Northern Railway in northern Teton County. The result of the present work shows that although the coal-bearing formation of the Great Falls field, the Kootenai forma tion, is present in the area here described, the only coal in it is a bed 6 or 8 inches thick in Marias Pass, also that although the horizon of the coal mined at Lethbridge is traceable entirely across this area, it shows only thin coal beds, nowhere over 18 inches thick. -
Canyon Ferry Reservoir Camping Regulations and Information
Canyon Ferry Reservoir Camping Regulations and Information Welcome to Canyon Ferry Recreation Area. The Bureau of Reclamation invites you to come and experience the abundance of wildlife and fishing opportunities available on your public lands around Canyon Ferry Reservoir. There are many recreation areas around the reservoir which include overnight campgrounds, day use areas, and group use shelters. To enhance your enjoyment and the enjoyment of others, campground regulations have been established through 43 CFR Part 423. Remember to be safe and enjoy your stay. Finding a Reservations for camping and group use shelters are now available. Reservations may be made at www.recreation.gov or by calling the toll-free reservation line at1-877-444-6777 (10:00 AM Campsite - 10:00 PM MST). Reservations can be made up to six months prior to visit. Campsites unreserved are available on a first-come,first-serve for the unreserved date(s). Walk in campsites or campsites unreserved are available first-come, first-served basis and cannot be reserved. Camping is allowed in designated campsites only. To declare occupancy of a walk in campsite, you must have a tent, camper or camp trailer in the campsite. Within 30 minutes of choosing a campsite, fill out a fee envelope and deposit it in the fee tube. Place the completed envelope receipt in the clip on the numbered site post. Pay only for the nights you know you will be camping. No refunds are available. You must not attempt to reserve a campsite for future use by placing equipment or other items on the campsite, or by personal appearance, without camping on and paying the required fees for that campsite daily. -
Montana Forest Insect and Disease Conditions and Program Highlights
R1-16-17 03/20/2016 Forest Service Northern Region Montata Department of Natural Resources and Conservation Forestry Division In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. -
SGG Corundum Treatment.Pptx
The beauty of colour © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF SGG Zentralkurs, Thun, 15. April 2013 Treatment of corundum characteristics, detection and declaration Michael S. Krzemnicki Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF Switzerland Photos and figures © H.A. Hänni & M.S. Krzemnicki 1! Consumer+expectation+ Quality& Every&gemstone&deposit&produces&stones&of&high&and&low&quality.& Usually&the&quality&distribution&has&the&shape&of&a&pyramid.&& Top&stones&are&rare,&stones&of&lower&quality&are&very&abundant.& The&exploitation&of&gems&is&expensive,®ardless&of&their&quality.& It&is&economically&and&important&to&be&able&to&enhance&stones&of&& the&lower&part&of&the&quality&pyramid&(also&for&the&miners!)& Once&a&treatment&is&developed&and&successfull,&it&often&is&also&applied&& on&stones&of&better&quality&to&make&them&even&better&looking.& Gem$deposit+production+ Quantity& © SSEF Swiss Gemmological Institute Treatment options for corundum... To&modify&transparency:&& &F&Gilling&of&Gissures&with&colourless&substance&&(oil,&artiGicial&resin,&glass)& &F&heating&to&dissolve&inclusions& & To&modify&colour& &F&Gilling&of&Gissures&with&coloured&substance&(oil,&artiGicial&resin,&glass)& &F&heating&in&oxidising&or&reducing&conditions&(±&with&additives)& &F&diffusion&of&„colouring“&elements&into&the&corundum&lattice& &F&irradiation& & To&enhance&stability& &F&Gilling&of&Gissures/cavities&with&solidifyig&substances&& & To&create&optical&effects&& &F&heating&with&additives& & © SSEF Swiss Gemmological Institute! 2! Treatment options for corundum... Fissure&Gilling&and&dyeing& & Foiling,&Painting& Heating&with&blowFpipe& ©&F.&Notari& Heating&with&electrical&furnace& ©&H.A.&Hänni& Irradiation& Heating&combined&with&surface&diffusion& Heating&with&borax&to&induce&Gissure&„healing“& Beryllium&diffusion& LeadFglass&Gissure&Gilling& & CobaltFglass&Gissure&Gilling& & next&treatment&??& & future& 0& 1000& 1900& 2000& Time+scale+ & © SSEF Swiss Gemmological Institute! Treatment options for corundum.. -
Hawaiian Volcanoes US$1225
The Geological Society of America’s Explore Hawaiian Volcanoes FIELD EXPERIENCE 27 July - 4 August 2014 Experience the wonders of active volcanism on the Earth’s most accessable and active volcano - Kilauea on the Big Island of Hawaii! This eight-day field trip on the Big Island of Hawaii will expand your knowl- edge in the field of plate tectonics, hot spot volcanism and the geologic features and hazards associated with living on an active volcano. We will discuss volcanic edifices, eruption styles, magma evolution and see various types of lava flows, lava lakes, tree molds and lava trees, fault scarps, rifts, craters and calderas. We will use our observations and new- found knowledge to discuss methods on how to effectively communicate geologic concepts. We will model inquiry in the field. US Prince does not include$1225 airfares to/from Hilo, HI. Trip ITINERARY* Sunday, July 27 - Participants arrive in Hilo, Hawaii for transfer via van to Kilauea Military Camp. No meals pro- vided. We will go to dinner as a group at Ken’s House of Pancakes (at your own expense) Monday, July 28 - Overview/logistics, Kilauea Visitor Center, Steaming Bluffs, Sulphur Banks, Kilauea Overlook, HVO, Jaggar Museum, SW Rift, Halema’uma’u Overlook (if open), Keanakako’I overlook, Devastation Trail, Pu’u Pua’i Overlook. ~ 4 miles of hiking on easy trails. BLD. Tuesday, July 29 - Chain of Craters Road including stops at Lua Manu Crater, Pauahi Crater and others, Mauna Ulu trail to Pu’u Huluhulu, Kealakomo Overlook, Alanui Kahiko, P’u Loa Petroglyphs, Holei Sea Arch, end of Chain of Craters Road. -
Geology of Part of the Townsend Valley Broadwater and Jefferson
Geology of Part of the Townsend Valley Broadwater and Jefferson » Counties,x Montana GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1042-N CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGY OF PART OF THE TOWNSEND VALLEY BROADWATER AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES, MONTANA By V. L. FREEMAN, E. T. RUPPEL, and M. R. KLEPPER ABSTRACT The Townsend Valley, a broad intermontane basin in west-central Montana, extends from Toston to Canyon Ferry. The area described in this report includes that part of the valley west of longitude 111° 30' W. and south of latitude 46° 30' N. and the low hills west and south of the valley. The Missouri River enters the area near Townsend and flows northward through the northern half of the area. Three perennial tributaries and a number of intermittent streams flow across the area and into the river from the west. The hilly parts of the area are underlain mainly by folded sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Precambrian to Cretaceous. The broad pediment in the southwestern part is underlain mainly by folded andesitic volcanic rocks of Upper Cretaceous age and a relatively thin sequence of gently deformed tuffaceous rocks of Tertiary age. The remainder of the area is underlain by a thick sequence of Tertiary tuffaceous rocks that is partly blanketed by late Tertiary and Quater nary unconsolidated deposits. Two units of Precambrian age, 13 of Paleozoic age, 7 of Mesozoic age, and several of Cenozoic tuffaceous rock and gravel were mapped. Rocks of the Belt series of Precambrian age comprise a thick sequence of silt- stone, sandstone, shale, and subordinate limestone divisible into the Greyson shale, the Spokane shale, and the basal part of the Empire shale, which was mapped with the underlying Spokane shale. -
Revised Area Profile
~a SITUATION Lewistown Resource Management Pl an Revision & Environmental Impact Statement Revised Area Profile FINAL Bureau of Land Management November 2019 Lewistown Field Office 920 Northeast Main Lewistown, MT 59457 i Visit our website at: https://go.usa.gov/xUPsP This page intentionally left blank. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Revised Analysis of Management Situation: Area Profile Page Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................................................5 2.RESOURCES……………………………………………………………………………………………………5 2.1 Air Resources and Climate………………………………………………………………………………………....6 2.2 Geology ..................................................................................................................................................... ..26 2.3 Soil Resources ............................................................................................................................................ 30 2.4 Water Resources ........................................................................................................................................ 35 2.5 Vegetation Communities .......................................................................................................................... 50 2.7 Wildland Fire Ecology and Management ............................................................................................. .83 2.8 Cultural and Heritage Resources ......................................................................................................... -
Ofthe Ridiculous
ONCE FAMOUS STATUE. Bernardo’s “Appennino” \Attracted Vast Amount of Attention. Gossip of the. Sport World In the Demidoff garden at Pratolino, some eight or ten miles from Florence, there still crouches the monster in By “SCORE KEEPER” stone and stucco called the “Appen-.; Rptiphhbbbbbooo0a nino,” once the glory of the famous Medici garden. Some sixty or seventy August Belmont has refused $200,000 American style of riding, alluded to as statue was more talked yeurs ago the for ‘Tracery. This is the greatest. the “monkey crouch.” It is said that of, but nowadays it appears that few amount ever offered for an American k'Tod Sloane took the style to London things. It tulk know or care for such bred and ralsed thoroughbred. It was sixteen years ago, and almost all the is a good specimen of its style, and a made by.cable by W. Allison of Eng- jockeys have taken It up since. reminder of its existence is Just as land. Allison is a breeder and a com- The chief criticism seems to be that, well. Its‘ height, if erect, would be | mission agent. He probably was acting although shortening the leathers, which about 100 feet,.or say one-fourth the in behalf of one of the wealthy patrons brings the jockey out of the ordinary Paul's cathedrat~ At the height of St. of the English turf. Allison asked to seat. enables him jto climb up on the bgck one can enter into rustic grottoes have the offer remain open until the horse’s neck, lightens the horse's bur into its interior, and from under- built end of the year. -
Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Western Wyoming: a Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and Educators
USDA United States Department of Agriculture Research Natural Areas on Forest Service National Forest System Lands Rocky Mountain Research Station in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, General Technical Report RMRS-CTR-69 Utah, and Western Wyoming: February 2001 A Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and E'ducators Angela G. Evenden Melinda Moeur J. Stephen Shelly Shannon F. Kimball Charles A. Wellner Abstract Evenden, Angela G.; Moeur, Melinda; Shelly, J. Stephen; Kimball, Shannon F.; Wellner, Charles A. 2001. Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Western Wyoming: A Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and Educators. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-69. Ogden, UT: U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 84 p. This guidebook is intended to familiarize land resource managers, scientists, educators, and others with Research Natural Areas (RNAs) managed by the USDA Forest Service in the Northern Rocky Mountains and lntermountain West. This guidebook facilitates broader recognitionand use of these valuable natural areas by describing the RNA network, past and current research and monitoring, management, and how to use RNAs. About The Authors Angela G. Evenden is biological inventory and monitoring project leader with the National Park Service -NorthernColorado Plateau Network in Moab, UT. She was formerly the Natural Areas Program Manager for the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Northern Region and lntermountain Region of the USDA Forest Service. Melinda Moeur is Research Forester with the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain ResearchStation in Moscow, ID, and one of four Research Natural Areas Coordinators from the Rocky Mountain Research Station. J. Stephen Shelly is Regional Botanist and Research Natural Areas Coordinator with the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region Headquarters Office in Missoula, MT. -
Fall 2016 Golden Eagle Migration Survey Big Belt Mountains, Montana
1 Fall 2016 Golden Eagle Migration S urvey Big Belt Mountains, Montana Photo by Ronan Dugan Montana Audubon, Helena, Montana March 2017 2 Fall 2016 Golden Eagle Migration Survey Big Belt Mountains, Montana Report submitted to: Helena - Lewis & Clark National Forest ATTN: Denise Pengeroth, Forest Biologist 3425 Skyway Drive, Helena, MT 59602 Report prepared by: Jeff Grayum, Ronan Dugan, & Steve Hoffman Counts conducted by: Ronan Dugan & Jeff Grayum Project coordinated by : Montana Audubon, Inc. Project Coordinator: Steve Hoffman P.O. Box 595, Helena, MT 59624 (406) 443 - 3949 March 2017 3 Table of Contents List of Tables ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 3 List of Figures ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 4 Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 5 Study Site ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 6 Methods ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 8 Results and Discussion ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 9 Observ ation Effort and Weather Summary ...............................