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Oregon Historic Trails Report Book (1998)
i ,' o () (\ ô OnBcox HrsroRrc Tnans Rpponr ô o o o. o o o o (--) -,J arJ-- ö o {" , ã. |¡ t I o t o I I r- L L L L L (- Presented by the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council L , May,I998 U (- Compiled by Karen Bassett, Jim Renner, and Joyce White. Copyright @ 1998 Oregon Trails Coordinating Council Salem, Oregon All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Oregon Historic Trails Report Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Project history 3 Introduction to Oregon's Historic Trails 7 Oregon's National Historic Trails 11 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail I3 Oregon National Historic Trail. 27 Applegate National Historic Trail .41 Nez Perce National Historic Trail .63 Oregon's Historic Trails 75 Klamath Trail, 19th Century 17 Jedediah Smith Route, 1828 81 Nathaniel Wyeth Route, t83211834 99 Benjamin Bonneville Route, 1 833/1 834 .. 115 Ewing Young Route, 1834/1837 .. t29 V/hitman Mission Route, 184l-1847 . .. t4t Upper Columbia River Route, 1841-1851 .. 167 John Fremont Route, 1843 .. 183 Meek Cutoff, 1845 .. 199 Cutoff to the Barlow Road, 1848-1884 217 Free Emigrant Road, 1853 225 Santiam Wagon Road, 1865-1939 233 General recommendations . 241 Product development guidelines 243 Acknowledgements 241 Lewis & Clark OREGON National Historic Trail, 1804-1806 I I t . .....¡.. ,r la RivaÌ ï L (t ¡ ...--."f Pðiräldton r,i " 'f Route description I (_-- tt |". -
The Chiricahua Apache from 1886-1914, 35 Am
American Indian Law Review Volume 35 | Number 1 1-1-2010 Values in Transition: The hirC icahua Apache from 1886-1914 John W. Ragsdale Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Other History Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation John W. Ragsdale Jr., Values in Transition: The Chiricahua Apache from 1886-1914, 35 Am. Indian L. Rev. (2010), https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr/vol35/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VALUES IN TRANSITION: THE CHIRICAHUA APACHE FROM 1886-1914 John W Ragsdale, Jr.* Abstract Law confirms but seldom determines the course of a society. Values and beliefs, instead, are the true polestars, incrementally implemented by the laws, customs, and policies. The Chiricahua Apache, a tribal society of hunters, gatherers, and raiders in the mountains and deserts of the Southwest, were squeezed between the growing populations and economies of the United States and Mexico. Raiding brought response, reprisal, and ultimately confinement at the loathsome San Carlos Reservation. Though most Chiricahua submitted to the beginnings of assimilation, a number of the hardiest and least malleable did not. Periodic breakouts, wild raids through New Mexico and Arizona, and a labyrinthian, nearly impenetrable sanctuary in the Sierra Madre led the United States to an extraordinary and unprincipled overreaction. -
Lewis and Clark: the Unheard Voices
Curriculum Connections A free online publication for K-12 educators provided by ADL’s A World of Difference® Institute. www.adl.org/lesson-plans © 1993 by George Littlechild UPDATED 2019 Lewis and Clark: The Unheard Voices CURRICULUM CONNECTIONS | UPDATED FALL 2019 2 In This Issue The disadvantage of [people] not knowing the past is that they do Contents not know the present. History is a hill or high point of vantage, from which alone [they] see the town in which they live or the age Alignment of Lessons to Common —G. K. Chesterson, author (1874–1936) in which they are living. Core Anchor Standards Each year classrooms across the U.S. study, re-enact, and celebrate the Lewis and Clark expedition, a journey that has become an emblematic symbol of Lessons American fortitude and courage. While there are many aspects of the “Corps of Elementary School Lesson Discovery” worthy of commemoration—the triumph over geographical obstacles, the appreciation and cataloging of nature, and the epic proportions Middle School Lesson of the journey—this is only part of the history. High School Lesson While Lewis and Clark regarded the West as territory “on which the foot of civilized man had never trodden,” this land had been home for centuries to Resources millions of Native Americans from over 170 nations. For the descendants of Tribal Nations Whose Homeland these people, celebrations of the Corps of Discovery mark the onset of an era Lewis and Clark Explored of brutal repression, genocide and the destruction of their culture. Resources for Educators and Students The lesson plans in this issue of Curriculum Connections take an in-depth look at the history of U.S. -
73 Custer, Wash., 9(1)
Custer: The Life of General George Armstrong the Last Decades of the Eighteenth Daily Life on the Nineteenth-Century Custer, by Jay Monaghan, review, Century, 66(1):36-37; rev. of Voyages American Frontier, by Mary Ellen 52(2):73 and Adventures of La Pérouse, 62(1):35 Jones, review, 91(1):48-49 Custer, Wash., 9(1):62 Cutter, Kirtland Kelsey, 86(4):169, 174-75 Daily News (Tacoma). See Tacoma Daily News Custer County (Idaho), 31(2):203-204, Cutting, George, 68(4):180-82 Daily Olympian (Wash. Terr.). See Olympia 47(3):80 Cutts, William, 64(1):15-17 Daily Olympian Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian A Cycle of the West, by John G. Neihardt, Daily Pacific Tribune (Olympia). See Olympia Manifesto, by Vine Deloria, Jr., essay review, 40(4):342 Daily Pacific Tribune review, 61(3):162-64 Cyrus Walker (tugboat), 5(1):28, 42(4):304- dairy industry, 49(2):77-81, 87(3):130, 133, Custer Lives! by James Patrick Dowd, review, 306, 312-13 135-36 74(2):93 Daisy, Tyrone J., 103(2):61-63 The Custer Semi-Centennial Ceremonies, Daisy, Wash., 22(3):181 1876-1926, by A. B. Ostrander et al., Dakota (ship), 64(1):8-9, 11 18(2):149 D Dakota Territory, 44(2):81, 56(3):114-24, Custer’s Gold: The United States Cavalry 60(3):145-53 Expedition of 1874, by Donald Jackson, D. B. Cooper: The Real McCoy, by Bernie Dakota Territory, 1861-1889: A Study of review, 57(4):191 Rhodes, with Russell P. -
The Sacagawea Mystique: Her Age, Name, Role and Final Destiny Columbia Magazine, Fall 1999: Vol
History Commentary - The Sacagawea Mystique: Her Age, Name, Role and Final Destiny Columbia Magazine, Fall 1999: Vol. 13, No. 3 By Irving W. Anderson EDITOR'S NOTE The United States Mint has announced the design for a new dollar coin bearing a conceptual likeness of Sacagawea on the front and the American eagle on the back. It will replace and be about the same size as the current Susan B. Anthony dollar but will be colored gold and have an edge distinct from the quarter. Irving W. Anderson has provided this biographical essay on Sacagawea, the Shoshoni Indian woman member of the Lewis and Clark expedition, as background information prefacing the issuance of the new dollar. THE RECORD OF the 1804-06 "Corps of Volunteers on an Expedition of North Western Discovery" (the title Lewis and Clark used) is our nation's "living history" legacy of documented exploration across our fledgling republic's pristine western frontier. It is a story written in inspired spelling and with an urgent sense of purpose by ordinary people who accomplished extraordinary deeds. Unfortunately, much 20th-century secondary literature has created lasting though inaccurate versions of expedition events and the roles of its members. Among the most divergent of these are contributions to the exploring enterprise made by its Shoshoni Indian woman member, Sacagawea, and her destiny afterward. The intent of this text is to correct America's popular but erroneous public image of Sacagawea by relating excerpts of her actual life story as recorded in the writings of her contemporaries, people who actually knew her, two centuries ago. -
Lewis & Clark Timeline
LEWIS & CLARK TIMELINE The following time line provides an overview of the incredible journey of the Lewis & Clark Expedition. Beginning with preparations for the journey in 1803, it highlights the Expedition’s exploration of the west and concludes with its return to St. Louis in 1806. For a more detailed time line, please see www.monticello.org and follow the Lewis & Clark links. 1803 JANUARY 18, 1803 JULY 6, 1803 President Thomas Jefferson sends a secret letter to Lewis stops in Harpers Ferry (in present-day West Virginia) Congress asking for $2,500 to finance an expedition to and purchases supplies and equipment. explore the Missouri River. The funding is approved JULY–AUGUST, 1803 February 28. Lewis spends over a month in Pittsburgh overseeing APRIL–MAY, 1803 construction of a 55-foot keelboat. He and 11 men head Meriwether Lewis is sent to Philadelphia to be tutored down the Ohio River on August 31. by some of the nation’s leading scientists (including OCTOBER 14, 1803 Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Smith Barton, Robert Patterson, and Caspar Wistar). He also purchases supplies that will Lewis arrives at Clarksville, across the Ohio River from be needed on the journey. present-day Louisville, Kentucky, and soon meets up with William Clark. Clark’s African-American slave York JULY 4, 1803 and nine men from Kentucky are added to the party. The United States’s purchase of the 820,000-square mile DECEMBER 8–9, 1803 Louisiana territory from France for $15 million is announced. Lewis leaves Washington the next day. Lewis and Clark arrive in St. -
Idaho: Lewis Clark Byway Guide.Pdf
The Lewis and Clark Backcountry Byway AND ADVENTURE ROAD Tendoy, Idaho Meriwether Lewis’s journal entry on August 18, 1805 —American Philosophical Society The Lewis and Clark Back Country Byway AND ADVENTURE ROAD Tendoy, Idaho The Lewis and Clark Back Country Byway and Adventure Road is a 36 mile loop drive through a beautiful and historic landscape on the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail and the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail. The mountains, evergreen forests, high desert canyons, and grassy foothills look much the same today as when the Lewis and Clark Expedition passed through in 1805. THE PUBLIC LANDS CENTER Salmon-Challis National Forest and BLM Salmon Field Office 1206 S. Challis Street / Salmon, ID 83467 / (208)756-5400 BLM/ID/GI-15/006+1220 Getting There The portal to the Byway is Tendoy, Idaho, which is nineteen miles south of Salmon on Idaho Highway 28. From Montana, exit from I-15 at Clark Canyon Reservoir south of Dillon onto Montana Highway 324. Drive west past Grant to an intersection at the Shoshone Ridge Overlook. If you’re pulling a trailer or driving an RV with a passenger vehicle in tow, it would be a good idea to leave your trailer or RV at the overlook, which has plenty of parking, a vault toilet, and interpretive signs. Travel road 3909 west 12 miles to Lemhi Pass. Please respect private property along the road and obey posted speed signs. Salmon, Idaho, and Dillon, Montana, are full- service communities. Limited services are available in Tendoy, Lemhi, and Leadore, Idaho and Grant, Montana. -
Some Famous Missourians
JOSEPHINE BAKER OMAR N. BRADLEY (Born 1906; died 1975) (Born 1893; died 1981) Born in the Mill Creek Bottom area of St. Bradley, born near Clark, commanded the Louis, Baker’s childhood resembled that of largest American force ever united under one thousands of other black Americans who lived man’s leadership. Known as “the G.I.’s gen- in poverty and dealt with white America’s eral” during World War II, Bradley became racist attitudes. In France, however, where the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff racism was not as rampant, Baker became after the war. As a five-star general, Bradley an international presence well known for served 69 years on active duty—longer than her provocative productions. Her reputation, any other soldier in U.S. history. built on a 50-year career as a dancer, singer, and actress, allowed Baker to devote much of her life to fighting racial prejudice in the United States. She played an active role in Missouri State Archives the American civil rights movement of the 1950s and 60s. THOMAS HART BENTON GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER (Born 1889; died 1975) (Born 1864; died 1943) Born in Neosho, Benton was destined to Born a slave near Diamond, Carver over- become a renowned artist. Two of his best- came tremendous obstacles to become one of known works appear in mural form at the America’s greatest scientists. He is best re- State Capitol in Jefferson City and the Tru- membered for his practical research, helping man Library in In de pen dence. The Capitol farmers make a better living from marginal mural is a pan orama of Missouri history; soil. -
Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark's 1805-1806 Winter Establishment "Living History" Demonstrations Feature for Visitors to National Park Facility
T HE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK T RAIL H ERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 12, NO. 3 AUGUST 1986 Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark's 1805-1806 Winter Establishment "Living History" Demonstrations Feature for Visitors to National Park Facility Photograph by Andrew E. Cier, Astoria, Oregon Replica of Fort Clatsop, Near Astoria, Oregon - See Story on Page 3 - President Wang's THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL Message HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. Thank you's are due at least four Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporation Act IRS Exemption different groups of Foundation Certificate No. 501(C)(3) - I dentification No. 51-0187715 members for the efforts put forth by them these past twelve months. OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE First, I am most thankful for the President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President excellent support that has been L. Edw in Wang John E. Foote H. John Montague provided by Foundation officers, 6013 St . Johns Ave. 1205 Rimhaven Way 2864 Sudbury Ct. directors, past presidents, and all M inneapolis. MN 55424 Billings. MT 591 02 Marietta. GA'30062 other committee members. Second, I am much indebted to the 1986 Edrie Lee Vinson. Secretary John E. Walker. Treasurer P.O. Box 1651 200 Market St .. Suite 1177 Program Committee, headed by Red Lodge. MT 59068 Portland. OR 97201 Malcolm Buffum, for the tre mendous effort they have put forth Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary. 5054 S.W. 26th Place. Port land. OR 97201 to arrange one of the finest-ever annual meeting programs. Third, I DIRECTORS am so grateful for all that is ac Harold Billian Winifred C. -
Our History Is the Future: Mni Wiconi and the Struggle for Native Liberation Nick Estes University of New Mexico - Main Campus
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository American Studies ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 11-15-2017 Our History is the Future: Mni Wiconi and the Struggle for Native Liberation Nick Estes University of New Mexico - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/amst_etds Part of the American Studies Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Estes, Nick. "Our History is the Future: Mni Wiconi and the Struggle for Native Liberation." (2017). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/amst_etds/59 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Studies ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nick Estes Candidate American Studies Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jennifer Nez Denetdale, Chairperson Dr. David Correia Dr. Alyosha Goldstein Dr. Christina Heatherton i OUR HISTORY IS THE FUTURE: MNI WICONI AND THE STRUGGLE FOR NATIVE LIBERATION BY NICK ESTES B.A., History, University of South Dakota, 2008 M.A., History, University of South Dakota, 2013 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy PhD, American Studies The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico December, 2017 ii DEDICATION For the Water Protectors, the Black Snake Killaz, the Land Defenders, the Treaty Councils, the Old Ones, the Good People of the Earth. -
Firearms Accidents in the Frontier Army, 1806-1891
Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: “He . Regretted Having to Die That Way”: Firearms Accidents in the Frontier Army, 1806-1891 Full Citation: James E Potter, “ „He . Regretted Having to Die That Way‟: Firearms Accidents in the Frontier Army, 1806-1891,” Nebraska History 78 (1997): 175-186 URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH1997Firearms.pdf Date: 3/05/2013 Article Summary: Firearms accidents were one of many hazards of service in the frontier army. Malfunctioning equipment caused some of the accidents, but most resulted from careless handling of weapons. Cataloging Information: Names: Luther H North, Meriwether Lewis, George Crook, George Armstrong Custer, William M Miller, William Bradford, Burdett A Terrett, Abraham R Johnston, George Stoneman, Henry B Carrington, Coney Boyd, Vincent Colyer, John W Keller Causes of Firearms Accidents: malfunctions, mistaken identity, hunting, cannons, dependents, target practice, cartridge reloading, exposed lock mechanisms Keywords: Hall carbines, Springfield rifles, breechblock, Spencer carbines, cannon Photographs / Images: Wayman St Clair, Eleventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, posing at Deer Creek Station in present Wyoming; two drawings of the Hall-North carbine; engraving of John W Keller‟s shattered femur (George A Otis, A Report of Surgical Cases . -
Library Bookcases 1-14
Library Bookcase 1 – Shelf List Comprehensive Plans and Other Plans / Reports Auburn Comprehensive Plan – Draft Amendment 1994 Auburn Downtown Plan / Draft EIS 2000 Bellingham Comprehensive Plan 1995 Bothell Proposed Comprehensive Plan 1993 Bremerton Comprehensive Plan 1995 Bremerton – Charleston Community Plan and Final EIS 1997 Cheney Comprehensive Plan – 1997 – 2017 1997 Chehalis Downtown – Economic Enhancement Strategy 1999 Chehalis Comprehensive Plan and EIS 1999 Cle Elum Historic “Old Town” Draft Subarea Plan 2000 Coupeville Historic Preservation Plan 1998 Des Moines (Greater) Comprehensive Plan and Draft EIS 1995 Ebey’s Landing National Historic Reserve Landing Comprehensive Plan 1980 Everett Downtown Core Subarea Plan and draft EIS 1998 Everett Growth Management Comprehensive Plan – Preferred Alternative Draft 1994 Fort Ward Action Plan 1996 Grant County Comprehensive Plan / draft EIS 1999 Island County Zoning Code 1998 Island County Comprehensive Plan – draft Shoreline Management Element – Phase B – draft 1998 Island County Comprehensive Plan – Phase B 1998 Issaquah Comprehensive Plan – draft 1994 Kenmore Integrated Comprehensive Plan and EIS 2000 Kent Comprehensive Plan 1995 Kirkland Historic Preservation – discussion draft 1994 La Conner Uniform Development Code 1995 Lewis County Comprehensive Plan and EIS 1999 Meadowbrook Farm – Master Site Plan 1999 Mukilteo – draft Policy Plan 1994 1 Comprehensive Plans and Other Plans / Reports (continued) New Market (Tumwater) Historic District ?1990 Paine Field -- see under SW Everett