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Home , McCarthyism, Space Race

JCC: The -

Chair: Eric White Vice-Chair: Jack Hull

Table Of Contents:

2. Letter From The Chair

4. Brief History of Committee

6. Topic A - Race to the

14. Topic B - Tensions grow in the East

22. Committee Members

1

Letter From The Chair:

Good morning delegates and welcome LYMUN VII! I am extremely excited to be chairing

(the better side) of JCC: The Red Scare. I am currently a Sophomore at Lyons Township and have participated in MUN since my Freshman year, being a Vice-Chair last year for Lyndon B.

Johnson’s cabinet. Along with participating in MUN, I have a huge passion for music.

Regarding preparation for the committee, there are a few things that you should know before entering the conference. In committee, not only will I be looking for people that are constantly speaking and conveying ideas with their fellow delegates, but I will also be looking for individuals that bring new and unique ideas to the table. Concerning your crisis pads, you should try to stay relevant to your character but please be creative. If you show extensive knowledge and

2 are specific, you are more likely to be able to do what you want in your pad. Also, those who will receive the most attention in committee (and those I will personally like the most to be honest) are those who have an arc. PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE don’t do something basic, I want to be able to geek with you in your crisis pad about how interesting it is, SO BE FUN. If I’m being 100% honest, the crazy (but detailed and specific) crisis arcs will be my favorite, as long as it’s not unreasonable and vague. By sticking out from your group of delegates, you will not only attract the attention of your fellow committee members but from me as well. This might be fairly redundant for some, but I feel it’s good to remind everyone here that you must turn in a position paper to be eligible for an award.

The starting date for this committee will be August 1st, 1962 which will mean that John

F. Kennedy will be the president of the United States and Nikita Krushchev will be head of the , so essentially, this committee will act as JFK’s cabinet. If you have questions or concerns regarding the background guide or would just like some more understanding about crisis pads (or MUN in general), feel free to contact me at [email protected]. I look forward to an incredible committee with you all and can’t wait to see you at the conference! Best of luck to you all!

- Eric

3 Brief History of Committee:

Throughout the course of history, the United States and the Soviet Union have had mixed relations. In World War II, they became semi allies being both on the Allied Powers. By providing the Soviet Union with military and economic aid in October of 1941, they provided a sense of connection between the two nations. The countries fought together throughout the entirety of the war and in 1942-1943, the Allied Powers took a major turn in the war during the Battle of

Stalingrad, which took place in the Soviet Union. After this, the Allied Powers pushed through the

Axis Powers, leading them to win the war. While many citizens may argue that the relationship between the US and the USSR (United Soviet Socialist Republic) was genuine, just as many people say that the only reason they fought together was that it was essential in order to defeat Germany and its fellow Axis Powers. The distinct reality of the conflict between the US and the USSR had only truly surfaced after World War II.

While the conflict between the nations wasn’t violent so to say, the

strife was very real. The United States and other countries such as Britain

began to feel threatened that the menacing Soviet domination in the East

would pose a serious hazard to them. On March 12, 1947, President

Truman gave a speech in which he introduced the “”.

4 Many people believe that this is when the truly began.

After the Truman Doctrine was addressed, many accusations started soaring about through modern-day life on the suspicion of potential communists. These accusations were known as

“McCarthyism”, based on the Senator, Joseph McCarthy. These cases of potential communists ended up ruining a lot of citizens’ lives. If you were accused of being communist, your chance of ever finding a job or not being shunned from society was a rarity. McCarthyism was especially frustrating for its victims as there was usually little evidence towards the allegations. This was all a result of the “Red Scare”, which was the threat that the people of the US felt against the Soviets and communists in general.

With John F. Kennedy as the current president, we can push ahead of the USSR on many different fronts that will be faced throughout the committee. We should be ready to dominate the

East through different methods to flourish our current prosperity and ensure that our democracy and global stance remains steady. In the meantime, however, we must fight the current issues that are at hand.

5 Topic A - Race to Moon

History of Topic

After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union gradually fell downhill in terms of their correlation with each other. The United States and the started to view them as more of an enemy than an ally. With the United States constantly pushing to contain the horrid and to keep it in the East, the Cold War had officially begun. Throughout the

Cold War, the two inevitably hit one of the biggest worldwide competitions of all time, the . The two nations were already the biggest global superpowers, but there was one area that neither of them had yet to fully discover, Outerspace. To the Soviet Union, this seemed like the perfect area to prove their superiority, so they jumped ahead right off the bat, and in 1957 when the USSR

(United Soviet Socialist Republic) launched the first-ever artificial “”. In retaliation to the Soviet’s success in space, the US formed NASA to expand their knowledge on the galaxy through new scientific discoveries.

However, it was less than a year later when the Soviet Union released “” and released a dog named “” into space. Sadly, the dog did not make it far into its journey and died soon after. This only portrays the idea of how gruesome the USSR is, not caring about the poor dog’s life and using it only as an experiment. When the US saw the USSR launch this new technology, they immediately jumped to harsh conclusions. In fear that the Soviet Union was to create even more of these to use to spy on the US, potentially destroy it, or just conquer outer

6 space, they worked to one-up them. To prove superiority to the USSR, the US launched its first

US satellite, the first solar-powered satellite, and the first all in 1958.

This proved to be an incredible accomplishment as it illustrated to every other nation across the globe that the United States was truly finer than the Soviets. But less than a month later, the USSR launched mission “” which incorporated the first lunar , the first man-made object in heliocentric , and a new scientific discovery, the first detection of the solar wind.

This process continued throughout 1959, with both the US and the Soviets expanding their celestial knowledge by initiating different including the following: a , a satellite in polar orbit, and the first photograph of the earth from orbit. This wasn’t enough for the

USSR though, they pushed farther to prove their supremacy. So, on October 7th of 1959, the

Soviets finished their journey of putting the first object onto the moon which was part of the second mission in its lunar sequence, “”.

This marked a new territory full of potential exploration for the globe. By the Soviets landing an object on the moon, they conveyed the idea that there were truly no boundaries that they couldn’t cross. Immediately after this, both sides quickly got to work on developing new and better technology to embark on new journeys. Both sides eventually achieved a significant victory.

First, the Soviets underwent Mission “ 1” and completed what no one throughout the course of history had done before. They had managed to pull off the first with citizens of the USSR “” completing the mission successfully. That said, the United States caught them on a technicality. Yuri Gagarin technically did not return with the pilot still in the aircraft as he parachuted down to earth. Therefore, on May 5th of 1961, the US completed the first human space mission with the pilot returning in the aircraft which by FAI definitions, meant that the US did in fact undergo the first human space mission. However, there are still many more

7 missions to take place and space to explore, that we are still nowhere near close to completing our

Space Race and conquering our goals. These

missions will soon just be one piece to an infinite

puzzle and there is still much work to be done.

Current Issue

The increasing threat of the Soviet Union gaining success in the race can have detrimental consequences for not only the United State’s standings as

a global but for the safety of our citizens. As long as the

Soviet Union can continue to wreak havoc through constant menacing

actions, our citizens will progressively begin to feel fear rather than

national pride. This threat only continues to rise when considering that

Cuba, a very close ally of the Soviet Union, is located only around 90

miles off of the coast of Florida. By providing supplies that can possibly lead to Cuba launching a space program so close to home, it will become gradually effortless for them to lurk above our nation, gaining information to report to the enemy, and tear the defense of our state as we know it. If United States citizens are in constant fear, no can be made. It is essential for the United States to provide some form of fear alleviation to its citizens. If fear continues to control the people of the United States, our brightest minds will prioritize defense mechanisms over innovation.

As the USSR and US have virtually become neck to neck in the race for the unknown, we must acknowledge the commination that escorts it. The United States must continue to advance ahead and prove global superiority to defend our nation. If we are keen to succeed in the long run,

8 changes must be made for the sake of our protection. As both nations don’t yet have the technology to reach vast space such as the moon, we must advance in our research and provide equipment and aid towards our various programs to ensure leadership in a contest that is everlasting. Being certain to rein success upon our pedestrians that roam our country we call “home” is the only true and proven way to flourish during a time in which anything is possible.

Possible Solutions

Reinforcement of Space Programs:

By providing our national programs with continuous aid, we can not only navigate the struggles of daily life for our citizens but flourish in the space race. One of these many sectors of programs that could be funded would be the space programs, more specifically, NASA in particular. From the very start of NASA, the administration has been regularly developing and forming an industry that will forever alter the way our nation interacts with the idea of thriving technologies. As our state currently spends roughly

106 million dollars of federal funding for NASA, it is clear the reasoning behind it’s proliferating nature.

However, these numbers could increase significantly if more citizens oblige towards donating towards this fundamentally important aspect of our state, we will be able to improve our technological advancements and allow room for error. The supply of assistance towards space programs could very well be accommodated into society by means of advertising, polls, and general constant communication within our government and officials that run each state. By

9 maintaining transparency within each state, the citizens that inhabit said states will be enabled to

relay information and contribute towards state and government

decisions. Furthering their concepts, assigning communication

sections of government employees to develop new and improved

methods of accessibility towards promoting your idea of funding

towards sanctions of various different programs to receive data and statistics on the individuals’ proposals.

Youth Education and Employment:

Another way to improve American standings in the space race is to incentivize fields linked to the space race. The simple act of encouraging college and high school students to look into these fields could significantly increase the number of bright minds working on new methods of space travel. We do not currently know how long the space race will last and if it will end. If school curriculums adapted engineering and design programs, the number of students with the understanding and interest in engineering would increase NASA’s resources and ability for improvement. If the space race continues on for years to come, having the youth invested in innovation can only be beneficial and when the space race simmers out, a large population of engineers will cause great advancement for the country.

Another solution to raise awareness around NASA and job opportunities is to advertise. By implementing new forms of communication to the public about the growing need for engineering and design students, the citizens will likely take this offer into consideration when it comes time to choosing career paths. Commenting on advertising, a possible variant for advertising is

10 scholarships. If we partner with colleges and universities that already have well-established engineering programs, we can offer significant scholarships towards specific individuals that will after their undergraduate degree, be able to accommodate for filling the newly empty seats in different departments. Any highly intelligent student that has substantial knowledge in mathematics can come to be extremely useful when it comes to the trajectories of spacecraft or other sectors when needed. By allowing more students to bring their comprehension of astronomy

to NASA, we can manufacture new propositions and

utilize them in upcoming events. The downside to this

form of implementation of youth is a miscalculation.

We as a nation cannot afford to produce an error in

flight, as the lives of our own pedestrians are at stake.

This is why if we choose to take this route, we must be diligent in who we select for employment at NASA, as mistakes can show signs of weakness towards the Soviets.

The Space Race might last for a decade or for centuries. However, this fact must not slow us down from achieving the ultimate goal of conquering the unknown and creating a society in which our citizens know that as a cabinet, their interests are in mind. And with potential Soviet spies lurking in the shadows of possibly our own very government, we must stay on alert at all times for potential suspects, as not only would that increase the perception the Soviets have on our mastery, but it will lead to distrust within our state. The accomplishment of overcoming space will likely only be the beginning of many more competitions in the future, and if we secure the upper hand in space, it will only illustrate to nations across the globe just how powerful we truly are.

11

Questions to Consider:

1. Should the other members of NATO be utilized during the Space Race, or is this a

battle the United States should fight on its own?

2. Should the battle between the USSR and the US come before the needs of our

citizens?

3. How can we limit and track the Soviet spies that creep into our everyday lives, even

our government? With this, is counter- a solution, or will our citizens

perceive it as retaliation?

4. Where should federal income resign, towards the space race, or evenly dispersed

through the different government programs?

12 5. Should we get involved in sabotage against USSR’s economic progress? Should we

move towards restricting the USSR from gaining resources or flourish our own

supplies?

6. Should the idea of eastern allied nations becoming operated as capitalist spies for

the US be an option, or is that considered exploitation? Additional Resources: https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvaEvCNZymo https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/moon-space-race Topic B - Rising Tensions in the East

History of Topic

After the panic and creation of allied memberships across the globe, the U.S needed to create as many allies in as humanly possible to try and stop the spread of communism, so

13 they transferred $12 billion to the western countries in Europe to try and salvage their economies and general needs.

By the early , the eastern nations were slowly becoming the Soviet Union's toys for overcoming the west. They reigned harshly on these states until they left them completely helpless and obliged to obey their enforcement. They began raiding their supplies to support their own military and attempt to raise their economic status. When Stalin died in 1953, took over and ruled just as harshly as Stalin and the previous leaders. Khrushchev believed in strengthening ties and allegiance with the Eastern nations of the globe that were under the rule of the Soviet Union so they signed the . After this, tensions only soared upward between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Taking place out of the Space Race, the Soviets were gradually becoming angered about

the tremendous amounts of people that could walk freely into the

economically booming West Berlin, as East Berlin was still under

immense strain. With an extraordinarily large number of citizens leaving

West Berlin for East Berlin, the factories that were once filled with West

Berlin pedestrians failed. Finding no better option to solve the issue, Soviet leaders decided to take action with a plan that would succumb no other than drastic.

However, across the globe, the lives of citizens elsewhere were getting worse by the day.

On August 13, 1961, a wall went up that divided East Berlin from West Berlin with the

“grenztruppen” which were armed soldiers that guarded the eastern side of the , keeping the citizens hostage within the walls of they once loved. With Stalin as their

14 leader, the Soviet Union left East Berlin (which the allies granted the Soviet Union authority over after World War II) incomplete ruble.

The people of East Berlin lived in ruin where many could not afford to feed their families or find work. Stalin, however, was in favor of this as if there were more people that lived in terrible conditions with no way to continue living their daily lives, the more likely they would turn in support of communism. This behavior that revolves around brainwashing would continue, drilling into their brains the fact that communism would soon be inevitable. With the slowly rising satellite states and the everlasting

Soviet Union climbing the nuclear ladder, the United States became increasingly scared. This was not to mention the war in the east that plagued any thought of military action against the Soviet

Union. The increasing thought of the spread of communism across Asia worried any government and military officials, promoting the possibility that the “domino effect” would occur, where steady nations would resort towards communism as a means of global protection and growth in federal wealth.

While we are currently facing many battles between opposing countries, the internal struggle between our own is becoming very apparent. In October of 1960, prior to the presidential election, the famous political figurehead and leader of the Martin Luther

King Jr was arrested in Georgia for participating in a sit-in. Soon after, JFK himself made a personal phone call expressing his concern about the situation and how he is pushing for his release from prison. The move of activism protrudes the fact that at the time the presidential candidate was swinging the oppressed African American population into his favor. By admitting multiple

15 African into his administration and speaking out for the desegregation of schools, he

was a prominent figure for the African American community.

As the war continues to rage forward in the

Southeast as well as in our own nation, we can only

assume that more disputes will come forward in the

following years and it is imperative that the US stays

on alert at all times for possible threats to come.

Current Issue

As we attempt to move towards a more peaceful world, the Soviet Union creates constant

reminders that they do not want peace. By implementing full control over their very own satellite

states and utilizing them for their own economic gain, they prove their lack of independence

towards the many nations that resign under the

Soviet Union. The construction of the Berlin Wall

was an act of Soviet defiance against the United

States and other capitalist nations. By blocking the

United States and its allies off from the rest of the

world through means of city destruction, they are

withdrawing any notice of ally presence from their

government and rule. The Soviets did this knowing

that we, the United States, can’t do anything without causing complete nuclear warfare. Any

actions that we take must be concise as they will all be seen as acts of aggression by the Soviet

Union.

16 While the threat of potential war continues to be a feat for the allied nations, we

also need to focus on our current strife that plagues our own nation. While many citizens are

seeking prosperity for their families and education for their youth, a significant portion of our

communities are unable to receive many forms of education or employment. For centuries, the

African American population has been undermined and abused both physically and verbally. By

disregarding their ability to contribute towards a working society in a manner that is equivalent to

every other working-class caucasian citizen, the divide between our nation continues to grow larger and larger by the day.

Possible Solutions

Internal Issues

As our current society progresses, we are

gradually losing the ability to maintain jobs and

implement more into the workplace to increase manufacturing. However, within the African

American population in the US (many of which being unemployed), corporations are losing their

ability to industrialize new produce and keep a steady flow of supplies. From this, we can gain that

by considering the option for the pressure on domestic equality, we could introduce the possibility

of more jobs to be created as the years progress and fewer Americans remaining out of

employment. This not only includes tearing down racial barriers that plague our current society

but easing the tensions overall to create a more peaceful and steady nation. By remaining open to

the potential altering of the racial divide to open the economy and generate social justice, we could

see major changes to come regarding new legislation and domiciliary advantages. If African

17 Americans are more integrated into the workforce, there is a potential possibility that we can recruit

many into aspects of issues such as the Space Race and other sectors to push ahead of the Soviets.

The Berlin Wall

Currently, the Soviet Union has shown its greatest threat to our sovereignty through

erecting a large wall dividing Berlin. Every step that we take will have a huge impact on how other

countries will react and therefore we must attempt to peacefully negotiate a way to remove the

wall. There are several methods of doing so but the least aggressive and therefore the most viable

option would be attempting to

pursue peace talks. Aggravating

the greatest nuclear threat that our

world holds is not the end goal of

the United States and therefore

this cabinet should strive to find

methods to peacefully negotiate

with Soviet representatives.

Soviet Satellite States

The Soviet implementation of satellite states is a daily reminder that should war arise, they

are slowly growing an arsenal of smaller states that could rise to their aid in a time of crisis. It is

therefore imperative that the United States begins to provide support and aids to states that could

potentially grow into satellite states. The primary reason for smaller Eastern European nations’ gravitation towards the Soviet Union is the feeling of neglect from Western European nations. If the United States were to effectively provide aid to states on the cusp of entering the Soviet Union, there is a chance that these states may begin to support Western culture in the process of rebuilding

18 their infrastructure. With this, if we can advertise as much as possible in regards to sending economical aid and promoting our manufacturing capabilities during possible

meetings/summits, we can lure them away from

communism. There are other methods of trying

to undermine soviet authority however, when

moving forward it is essential that all steps are

well thought out in order to prevent aggravating

the Soviet Union to the point of nuclear war.

19 Questions to Consider:

1. How can we deescalate tensions with the Soviet Union and enhance relations in

Eastern Europe in general? What tactics can we use to do this?

2. Should we focus on our internal issues and attempt to improve them before dealing

internationally?

3. Will holding potential meetings/summits with European nations that can be

potentially drawn into communism detract them away from it? What would the

Soviet Union’s response be to this?

4. What should the US do to contain its secrets and prevent the spread of our

information from the grasps of potential spies?

5. Regarding the Berlin Wall, what methods should the cabinet utilize to tear it down,

or if you believe it should be kept up, how do we prevent the spread of riots and

hate due to this?

6. How can we intertwine our social and economic issues to flourish a new and more

advantageous economy?

Additional Resources https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-wall https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/brown-segregation.html https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/culture-magazines/1950s-business-and-economy- overvie Committee Members (15):

20 *Email me with any questions. Trust me, each position can do a lot and I’m not going to favor the higher up positions in their crisis arcs; everyone is on the same playing-field. Also, not all positions in this committee are directly from JFK’s cabinet, so some other highly valuable positions were added. I’m extremely sorry if you believe that your position background is vague, so if you do, PLEASE EMAIL ME. I want you guys to get every ounce of information you need.*

1. First Lady: Jacqueline (Jackie) Kennedy Being the First Lady to president comes with both incredible responsibilities and dangerous secrets. Growing up in Southampton, New York, she lived the graceful lifestyle that any wealthy schoolgirl lived, encompassing herself in politics from a very early age with her father employed as both a Stockbroker and an American Lawyer. However; she didn’t fully conduct the same life her father did, as she surrounded herself with everything artistic. This love traveled with her into the White House as she constantly worked to preserve the natural beauty of such a historical building. Being recognized as an international beauty with impeccable style, everyone seemed to love her. It is the First Ladies job to not only maintain the composure and push new ideas to the people with their love and support behind her, but also hold the President's valuable secrets….. whatever they may be. 2. Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson Known by most as LBJ, Lyndon B. Johnson performed the role of vice president for the 35th president (JFK). Johnson started his political career by working extensively in the House of Representatives. He continued to work with many high-end government officials, presenting a name for himself through a decade that was so politically divided. He soon was elected into the senate in 1949, and later would become the youngest ever majority leader, ranking his political status and waving proudly for many to observe. Finally, Johnson was elected to become JFK’s vice president. With so much influence in the secrecies that revolve in the presidential office, will LBJ take charge, or lurk in the shadows? With extreme power of the legislation that occurs in this committee with also extensive contacts, his resources are vast. 3. Head of the FBI: J. Edgar Hoover After working in the FBI for several years previously to becoming the Head of it, he formally instituted many of the current modern technologies. With this, he didn’t take his job very lightly, and you should keep in mind his intimidating direct tactics he pushed into his job. Many should keep in mind his political party as well. Being an independent, he never directly 100% obliged blindly by JFKs orders, but he still should follow him and do his bidding as he states. With his incredible power and neutrality with JFKs policies and orders, could he take his power and use it for the great or good of the cabinet, or could he go behind them? The choice is yours, but be careful, clashing power could be dangerous. 4. Secretary of State: Dean Rusk

21 When Dean Rusk entered the political stratosphere, he immediately took hard passion and love for international affairs and sought to seize the position of Secretary of State, being the 2nd Assistant to the Secretary of State for Eastern Affairs under Truman. Under this position, he could’ve gained into the workings of the Soviet Union during this time. His contacts remain high within foreign relations, and many secretive and valuable sections of information could lie under his nose. Communications and relations should be incredibly important to Dean Rusk, and being the pro-war maniac as he is, he should not refrain from promoting these views and ensuring that nothing gets in the way of achieving his goals. 5. Secretary of Treasury: C. Douglas Dillon Not only has C. Douglas Dillon woven himself throughout the ins and outs of American politics, but being the US Ambassador for France, he has extensive knowledge of French politics, along with extended French contacts. He was loved by his employers and sought to obtain the highest position that he could within the US government. Obtaining the position of Secretary of Treasury holds incredible responsibilities, and out of anyone in this cabinet, he holds the resources to access funds if needed (whether this be legally…….or potentially illegally, but he should be careful). Also, residing in a separate political party than the President could cause error and he should strive to set himself apart from the rest both inside committee and outside. Agree with the president or not, we should focus the committee towards aiding the people and our nation, dealing with the president and his accomplices as you must. 6. Secretary of Defense: Robert McNamara In times such as these where international disputes rage forward and unexpected occurrences are inevitable, it is imperative that our Defense remains peaked. Not only does Robert McNamara hold incredible power in our military and even (if shot correctly) foreign relations, but he plays a critical role in deciding factors within this cabinet. He holds extensive knowledge in the military field, being a lieutenant colonel in the US Army Air Force. This not only gives him an advantage over others in regards to obtaining weapons and other resources such as these (given his tremendous relations), but also means that himself alone could alter the history of the US for the great or good. Use your resources wisely, but don’t let your precious plans escape from your grasps. 7. Attorney General: Robert F. Kennedy With a background as impressive as Robert F. Kennedy, people across America dearly loved him so. Not only performing as a Senator in New York but also simply being a part of the Kennedy Family and brothers to the president himself, Robert F. Kennedy holds incredible power over what occurs behind the scenes in the white house. Also, knowing the ins and outs of matters involving United States legality and judiciary systems, Robert fosters the ability to swing whatever he cares to the top priority of high ranking law officials or the government itself. With the right

22 tactics and strategies, Robert could potentially push his agenda in front of others through the matter he pursues most passionately: the law. 8. Postmaster General: J. Edward Day With a ginormous command over aspects of US mail, not only does J. Edward Day have the ability to harm America in an instant regarding alter postal services and moving the people of the US into panic, but also has limited control over international mail. With this, one should take note of the tremendous friendship formed with Adlai Stevenson II throughout the years, and being each other's closest friend in the committee, should desire to work closely. There is the potential possibility of major alterations of the mail system the US could adopt to form steady and more efficient mechanisms to communicate with others. But for now, many changes can be made in the near future to enhance the US with communication, especially in times like these. 9. Secretary of the Interior: Stewart Udall Holding a vast majority of power over internal issues and safety, the number one priority of Steward should be to serve the citizens of the US. They should focus in committee on promoting legislation that aids both the economic and social issues to flourish a more prosperous nation. During a time like this with war eminent, the safety of the civilians has never became more dire, and he should push to maintain peace and composure among the people, whether that be through means of communications with other global superpowers on ways of protection or simply taking down the entities that pose a threat to our beloved country. Choices are slim, and whatever method you choose to take (whether it be one listed, or your own creative idea), be precise and accurate. Don’t let the people down. 10. Secretary of Agriculture: Orville Freeman The US agriculture industry has always been a vital asset to our economy. In a war such as this, we cannot afford to lose a large sector of our crops to hold out into war. Continuing to provide much of the food supply to hold into the military could be an essential solution, or simply pushing the needs of farmers and other members of said corporations forward. Anything that is said to deter others from our rural areas should be discouraged and the representation of these areas needs to be held. However, with sections of the rural areas voting republican in the election, it is your job to attempt and swing others over towards JFKs side, and also protect the US from steering itself into hunger. He also should be aware of the massive amount of support behind him, as JFK has recently assigned him a selective group of individuals to obey him at any order. Our food supply must remain strong, but your opposers will attempt to come after you. Take them down as you wish, and hold America high. 11. Secretary of Commerce: Luther H. Hodges With a large chunk of the US’s economic supplies coming from foreign nations through trade, it is imperative that it remains strong, especially through times such as these. He should also be aware of his extensive background in business, and Luther could not be a more qualified candidate for this position. With the constant pressing threat that foreign relations could be cut at

23 any second, ties with large nations that hold many of the US’s goods must remain strong. With this, the secretary of commerce also (technically) has the jurisdiction to access these nations if he so desires. Communication is key in times such as these, and you will need to be diligent and thoughtful in your actions. Hold America high and don’t let the economy fail under you. The cabinet and the nation is counting on your support. 12. Secretary of Health, Education, and : Anthony Celebrezze Congratulations on your new job! As this is your first day being a secretary, there are many steps that you must take into your future to ensure the success of this great nation. You might view this as a disadvantage, but in fact, this being your very first day comes with positive outcomes. Being this position, you hold a vast account for the citizens of the US (one of the largest I would say) and you have the most influence on the prosperity of each citizen through their health and education. Because this is your first day, you have been assigned 5 personal assistants that will be at your side at all times, so use these to your advantage. You also have the support of your people behind you since you haven’t portrayed any mistakes to them yet, so don’t let them down. 13. United States Ambassador to the : Adlai Stevenson II With Stevenson also being a former of Illinois, he has vast knowledge on the workings of the government. Holding power over international relations during war is extremely powerful. Not only can this be utilized to initiate peace conversations with our allies, but also for communication with the enemy. Not only can information be spread to this committee about our relations, but also the running committee can come quite easily under this position, as people are likely to follow the leadership of one with the power for extensive communication with said enemy. Use this position to every advantage as you possibly can. One should focus on the foreign relations instead of steering the committee into internal relations, as this position specifically specializes in international. 14. Press Secretary to the President: Pierre Salinger Communication with the public is vital during this time, so Pierre should be doing everything in his power to urge the committee towards public announcements. With this, being a Senator for a period of time gained the public's support for him, and he should extend this support through the different aspects of the committee. Anything and everything that the President states in the cabinet could be given to the public (...... or even twisted to set your own agenda). Be precise and accurate however, because your job could be on the line if you misinterpret information. The US cannot afford to lose grasp on the true issue at hand, and report carefully to ensure that you are staying true to this. However, if you happen to find something….perhaps incriminating, do not hesitate to report this. Work diligently to report correct information to the committee and don’t let them down. 15. Advisor: McGeorge Bundy

24 The protection and prosperity of our citizens couldn’t be more vital during this time. With this, in 1949, McGeorge was elected to the Council on Foregin Relations, which could potentially have given him insider information on the workings of the soviet union. Security measures could potentially be implemented into our societies if you see fit, however one should take note of the steps needed to do this. Any information that is received that could affect the livelihoods of our civilians must be reported immediately and you should give zero tolerance for those who jeopardize the survival of our precious people. Hold no mercy, but ensure that with each step you take, you are making precise changes to alter the course of this committee. Our people are counting on you to protect them, in any way that you see fit. ✫

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