Hot War Ends- Cold War Begins 1945-1990

©2011 Houston Independent School District The Cold War…

In 1945, one major war ended and another began…The Cold War lasted about 45 years.

The United States became the leader of the free-market capitalist world. America and its allies struggled to keep the communist, totalitarian Soviet Union from expanding into Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cold War Definition: The antagonism between the United States and the Soviet Union using other nations to do the fighting. 1946-1990 Domestic Issues…

Balance of Power influenced both Domestic and Foreign Policy…  Arms Race  Space Race  Senator Joseph McCarthy searches for the “enemy within” – communists in America  Prosperity of the 1950s… “Happy Days” Balance of Power… if you do then I will… Soviets feel they have to try and keep up in an arms United States uses race with more and the first atomic more powerful bomb against weapons… Japan to end WWII and continues development of nuclear weapons… + US

Arms Race… . US – Jumps into the space race with the + creation of NASA USSR and plans for manned space 1957 – The Soviets flight leading to launch the first orbital travel to the moon space craft – Sputnik in 1969…and – beginning the space increased money race and the and emphasis on challenge of math and science advanced math and education science education TO the United States LANDING ON THE MOON – Apollo 11 1969

SPUTNIK - 1957 SPACE RACE McCarthyism… Where are the Communists???

McCarthyism… Searching for subversives within… Foreign Policy Issues…

Truman Doctrine – Policy of Containment Marshall Plan – Economic Aid to Europe Berlin Blockade/Airlift NATO Korean Conflict Cuban Missile Crisis Europe after WWII Cold War – Fear of Soviet Aggression March 1946--Sir Winston Churchill delivers his Iron Curtain speech at Westminster College in Missouri after accepting an honorary degree.

“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.” Cli k f Truman Doctrine 1947

US policy to help any country fighting against Communism – first enacted as aid to Greece and Turkey…it shifted US foreign policy toward the Soviets to a policy of containment. Marshall Plan for European Recovery Berlin Airlift June 1948-May 1949 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Containment… There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and the Soviet Union. Yet billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost in the fight.

Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, Afghanistan, and Angola all became battlegrounds between the two ideologies of democratic/capitalism versus communist/socialism and neither side intended to retreat… Where will “the Soviet Bear” stop??? Korean Conflict 1950 - 1953 FACTS ABOUT "THE FORGOTTEN WAR“ A UN Mission with troops from 24 countries 33,741 US Dead 23,615 Killed In Action 92,134 US Wounded* 4,820 US Missing In Action (Declared Dead) 7,245 Prisoners Of War 2,847 Died in POW Camp Brand New Missiles!!! n 1956--America's first ICBM (Intercontinental Ballastic Missile) n 1956--The US develops the Polaris missile, which can be launched from a submerged submarine. Cuban Missile Crisis 13 Days in the Fall of 1962 when the world lived on the edge of nuclear war The Growth of the Berlin Wall 1961-1989 Escalation in Vietnam… The Turbulent 60s The Soviet- Afghan War n 1979--Embarking on their own version of Vietnam, the USSR sends tanks, troops, aircraft to Afghanistan. The US and many Muslim states would support Afghan rebels who would fight for religious reasons as well as nationalistic reasons. The Soviet Union’s Final “Czar” 1987 Gorbachev campaigns for glasnost & perestroika -glasnost: freedom of speech and release of some political prisoners - perestroika: small scale private ownership [instead of government ownership Instability and Collapse

 1989 Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square  East Germans begin to move to West Germany through Hungary  Hungary and Czechoslovakia vote out Communist rule (Velvet Revolution)  Romania votes out Communist rule but has short civil war (Ceausescu)  1989 Berlin Wall comes down  1990 Reunification of Germany  Pope John Paul II, born in Poland, uses the leverage of his position as the leader of all Catholics world-wide to end communism  1989 In Poland, Solidarity wins the national legislative elections (org. of ordinary workers)  1990 Lech Walesa elected President of Poland managing its transition to a post- communist state Soviet Union Collapses  1991 Coup in Soviet Union gets rid of communism and speeds the break-up of the Soviet Union  Gorbachev resigns; Yeltsin elected President  START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is initiated You Decide: Who Won the Cold War?  There was no announced winner, so you set the criteria, and decide who came out on top....  Consider:  The Space Race  The Arms Race  Conflict  Containment Work in a small group to  Other factors… determine who gets the trophy.