Combining Competition and Cooperation: a Guide to U.S. Space Relations
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Race to Space Educator Edition
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grade Level RACE TO SPACE 10-11 Key Topic Instructional Objectives U.S. space efforts from Students will 1957 - 1969 • analyze primary and secondary source documents to be used as Degree of Difficulty supporting evidence; Moderate • incorporate outside information (information learned in the study of the course) as additional support; and Teacher Prep Time • write a well-developed argument that answers the document-based 2 hours essay question regarding the analogy between the Race to Space and the Cold War. Problem Duration 60 minutes: Degree of Difficulty -15 minute document analysis For the average AP US History student the problem may be at a moderate - 45 minute essay writing difficulty level. -------------------------------- Background AP Course Topics This problem is part of a series of Social Studies problems celebrating the - The United States and contributions of NASA’s Apollo Program. the Early Cold War - The 1950’s On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy spoke before a special joint - The Turbulent 1960’s session of Congress and challenged the country to safely send and return an American to the Moon before the end of the decade. President NCSS Social Studies Kennedy’s vision for the three-year old National Aeronautics and Space Standards Administration (NASA) motivated the United States to develop enormous - Time, Continuity technological capabilities and inspired the nation to reach new heights. and Change Eight years after Kennedy’s speech, NASA’s Apollo program successfully - People, Places and met the president’s challenge. On July 20, 1969, the world witnessed one of Environments the most astounding technological achievements in the 20th century. -
The Space Race
The Space Race Aims: To arrange the key events of the “Space Race” in chronological order. To decide which country won the Space Race. Space – the Final Frontier “Space” is everything Atmosphere that exists outside of our planet’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is the layer of Earth gas which surrounds our planet. Without it, none of us would be able to breathe! Space The sun is a star which is orbited (circled) by a system of planets. Earth is the third planet from the sun. There are nine planets in our solar system. How many of the other eight can you name? Neptune Saturn Mars Venus SUN Pluto Uranus Jupiter EARTH Mercury What has this got to do with the COLD WAR? Another element of the Cold War was the race to control the final frontier – outer space! Why do you think this would be so important? The Space Race was considered important because it showed the world which country had the best science, technology, and economic system. It would prove which country was the greatest of the superpowers, the USSR or the USA, and which political system was the best – communism or capitalism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvaEvCNZymo The Space Race – key events Discuss the following slides in your groups. For each slide, try to agree on: • which of the three options is correct • whether this was an achievement of the Soviet Union (USSR) or the Americans (USA). When did humans first send a satellite into orbit around the Earth? 1940s, 1950s or 1960s? Sputnik 1 was launched in October 1957. -
Chapter Fourteen Men Into Space: the Space Race and Entertainment Television Margaret A. Weitekamp
CHAPTER FOURTEEN MEN INTO SPACE: THE SPACE RACE AND ENTERTAINMENT TELEVISION MARGARET A. WEITEKAMP The origins of the Cold War space race were not only political and technological, but also cultural.1 On American television, the drama, Men into Space (CBS, 1959-60), illustrated one way that entertainment television shaped the United States’ entry into the Cold War space race in the 1950s. By examining the program’s relationship to previous space operas and spaceflight advocacy, a close reading of the 38 episodes reveals how gender roles, the dangers of spaceflight, and the realities of the Moon as a place were depicted. By doing so, this article seeks to build upon and develop the recent scholarly investigations into cultural aspects of the Cold War. The space age began with the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. But the space race that followed was not a foregone conclusion. When examining the United States, scholars have examined all of the factors that led to the space technology competition that emerged.2 Notably, Howard McCurdy has argued in Space and the American Imagination (1997) that proponents of human spaceflight 1 Notably, Asif A. Siddiqi, The Rocket’s Red Glare: Spaceflight and the Soviet Imagination, 1857-1957, Cambridge Centennial of Flight (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010) offers the first history of the social and cultural contexts of Soviet science and the military rocket program. Alexander C. T. Geppert, ed., Imagining Outer Space: European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) resulted from a conference examining the intersections of the social, cultural, and political histories of spaceflight in the Western European context. -
Fifty Years Ago This May, John F. Kennedy Molded Cold War Fears Into a Collective Resolve to Achieve the Almost Unthinkable: Land American Astronauts on the Moon
SHOOTING FOR THE MOON Fifty years ago this May, John F. Kennedy molded Cold War fears into a collective resolve to achieve the almost unthinkable: land American astronauts on the moon. In a new book, Professor Emeritus John Logsdon mines the details behind the president’s epochal decision. .ORG S GE A IM NASA Y OF S NASA/COURTE SHOOTING FOR THE MOON Fifty years ago this May, John F. Kennedy molded Cold War fears into a collective resolve to achieve the almost unthinkable: land American astronauts on the moon. In a new book, Professor Emeritus John Logsdon mines the details behind the president’s epochal decision. BY JOHN M. LOGSDON President John F. Kennedy, addressing a joint session of Congress on May 25, 1961, had called for “a great new American enterprise.” n the middle of a July night in 1969, standing The rest, of course, is history: The Eagle landed. Before a TV outside a faceless building along Florida’s eastern audience of half a billion people, Neil Armstrong took “one giant coast, three men in bright white spacesuits strolled leap for mankind,” and Buzz Aldrin emerged soon after, describing by, a few feet from me—on their way to the moon. the moonscape before him as “magnificent desolation.” They climbed into their spacecraft, atop a But the landing at Tranquility Base was not the whole story massive Saturn V rocket, and, a few hours later, of Project Apollo. I with a powerful blast, went roaring into space, the It was the story behind the story that had placed me at weight on their shoulders far more than could be measured Kennedy Space Center that July day. -
Mccarthyism Space and Arms Race Notes
Name ______________ Period ___ McCarthyism New Red Scare Beginning in 1950, Joseph ________________became the most visible public face of this era of anti-communism. – The term _________________________ was coined that same year(1950) to describe and condemn the senator's methods. – McCarthyism is the practice of making ____________ of disloyalty, especially pro-Communist activities. • In many instances unsupported by ____________ or based on slight, doubtful, or irrelevant ____________. – Later the term was applied more generally to the ______-___________ of the late 1940s through the late 1950s. – Today, it is often used even more broadly, to describe __________ attacks made on a persons' ______________ and/or patriotism. McCarthy's national reconition rose after a speech where he reportedly produced a piece of paper which he claimed contained a ________ of known Communists working for the __________ Department. – McCarthy is usually quoted to have said: "I have here in my hand a list of 205 people that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of the ________________ Party, and who, nevertheless, are still working and _________________ the policy of the State Department." Many people supported McCarthy because they were afraid that _______________ had indeed _________________ federal agencies. Arms Race United States v Soviet Union • 1949 -The Soviet Union exploded its _________ atomic bomb • 1953 - the United States and the Soviet Union had the ___-______ (Hydrogen bomb). • The United States _______________ the air force which would carry the _________ and built up __________ weapons. • The ___________ Union began to do the ______. • The ___________ arms __________ frightened many Americans. -
Kennedy's Quest: Leadership in Space
Kennedy’s Quest: Leadership in Space Overview Topic: “Space Race” Grade Level: 9-12 Subject Area: US History Time Required: One class period. Goals/Rationale: The decision by the Kennedy Administration to make a manned lunar landing the major goal of the US space program derived from political as well as scientific motivations. In this lesson plan, students do a close reading of four primary sources related to the US space program in 1961, analyzing how and why public statements made by the White House regarding space may have differed from private statements made within the Kennedy Administration. Essential Questions: How was the “Space Race” connected to the Cold War? How and why might the White House communicate differently in public and in private? How might the Administration garner support for their policy? Objectives Students will be able to: analyze primary sources, considering the purpose of the source, the audience, and the occasion. analyze the differences in the tone or content of the primary sources. explain the Kennedy Administration’s arguments for putting a human on the Moon by the end of the 1960s. Connections to Curriculum (Standards) National History Standards US History, Era 9: Postwar United States (1945 to early 1970s) Standard 2A: The student understands the international origins and domestic consequences of the Cold War. Historical Thinking Skills Standard 2: Historical Comprehension Reconstruct the literal meaning of a historical passage. Appreciate historical perspectives . Historical Thinking Skills Standard 4: Historical Research Capabilities Support interpretations with historical evidence. Massachusetts History and Social Science Curriculum Frameworks USII [T.5] 1. Using primary sources such as campaign literature and debates, news articles/analyses, editorials, and television coverage, analyze the important policies and events that took place during the presidencies of John F. -
The Influence of Space Power Upon History (1944-1998)*
* The Influence of Space Power upon History (1944-1998) by Captain John Shaw, USAF * My interest in this subject grew during my experiences as an Air Force Intern 1997-98, working in both the Office of the Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Space, and in SAF/AQ, Space and Nuclear Deterrence Directorate. I owe thanks to Mr. Gil Klinger (acting DUSD(Space)) and BGen James Beale (SAF/AQS) for their advice and guidance during my internships. Thanks also to Mr. John Landon, Col Michael Mantz, Col James Warner, Lt Col Robert Fisher, and Lt Col David Spataro. Special thanks to Col Simon P. Worden for his insight on this topic. A primary task of the historian is to interpret events in the course of history through a unique lens, affording the scholar a new, and more intellectually useful, understanding of historical outcomes. This is precisely what Alfred Thayer Mahan achieved when he wrote his tour de force The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1660-1783). He interpreted the ebb and flow of national power in terms of naval power, and his conclusions on the necessity of sea control to guarantee national welfare led many governments of his time to expand their naval capabilities. When Mahan published his work in 1890, naval power had for centuries already been a central determinant of national military power.1 It remained so until joined, even eclipsed, by airpower in this century. Space, by contrast, was still the subject of extreme fiction a mere one hundred years ago, when Jules Verne’s From the Earth to the Moon and H.G. -
The Canadian Watchman for 1932
In This Issue This T‘%entieth Century Nlaratho The Tragedy of Geneva The Adding Machine Fails Some Simple Ailments and what to Do October Oshawa, Ontario 25C • The BIBLE I and the 1 DEPRESSION By Robert E. Speer When the days are dark, men need its light. A When the times are hard, men need its comfort. • When the outlook is discouraging, men needs its confidence. When despair is abroad, men need its word of hope. There are luxuries that may well be spared. There are even necessities that can be curtailed. But the Bible, indispensable at all times, is still more indispensable in times like these today. The Bible is not a book of political maxims or of economic theories. It is not a book of maxims or theories at all. It is a book of living principles. Its spirit is the spirit of brotherliness and goodwill. It is a summons to helpful- ness: "Bear ye one another's burdens." It is a summons also to self-respecting independence: "Let every man bear his own burden." It teaches charity, but also justice. It calls us to the giving and serving which the strong owe to the weak, and those who have to those who lack; but it also strikes straight and clear at the moral defects in individuals which are responsible for a large part of the poverty and suffering of the world; and also at the moral and economic defects in society, in business relations, and in the distribution of the common • resources of the world, which are responsible for the remaining part. -
MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA UAE Expansion Into Space Yields Positive Earthly Results
MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA UAE Expansion into Space Yields Positive Earthly Results OE Watch Commentary: The UAE has become the first Arab nation to join the race towards reaching Mars via its successful Mars probe launch and is already benefiting from this space exploration. As evident from local media in Japan, China and the UAE, kickstarting the Emirates’ space industry has enhanced mutual relations with China and will serve as an inspiration for future generations of Emirati youth to pursue “future sciences.” In July 2020, Japanese rockets helped carry the first UAE made H-IIA (Hope) probe orbiter mission to Mars. This successful rocket launch was done by a private engineering company, which has conducted other launches for various foreign countries over the years. As stated in The Japan Times, “the Emirati project is one of three racing to Mars, along with Tianwen-1 from China…, taking advantage of a period when the Earth and Mars are closest.” This is only the beginning for the UAE’s ambitious plans UAE Vice President, Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mohammed_Bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum_at_the_World_Economic_Forum_Summit_on_the_Global_Agenda_2008_2.jpg CCA SA for space, as they also plan to send an unarmed 2.0 Generic spacecraft to the moon in 2024. According to the Global Times China, space exploration serves to expand scientific research and diversify the UAE’s economy, which remains heavily dependent upon oil exports. Joining the UAE’s space initiatives with China’s Tianwen-1 Mars project has expanded relations between the two nations. In August 2020, Global Times China reports that the UAE Ambassador to China stated that he sees “…great potential for cooperation … [ as they move] humanity to further levels of advancement.” This cooperation centers upon the Beijing-based China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) and the UAE space agency. -
Korean Students in New York City, 1907-1937 Jean H. Park Submitted
Exiled Envoys: Korean Students in New York City, 1907-1937 Jean H. Park Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2021 © 2021 Jean H. Park All Rights Reserved Abstract Exiled Envoys: Korean Students in New York City, 1907-1937 Jean H. Park This dissertation follows the activism of Korean students in New York City and the trajectory of their American education as it applied to Korea’s colonization under the Empire of Japan. As a focused historical account of the educational experiences of Korean students in New York from 1907 to 1937, this dissertation uses archival evidence from their associations, correspondence, publications, and the institutions they studied at to construct a transnational narrative that positions the Korean students operating within and outside the confines of their colonial experience. The following dissertation answers how the Korean students applied their American education and experiences to the Korean independence movement, and emphasizes the interplay of colonization, religion, and American universities in contouring the students’ activism and hopes for a liberated Korea. Table of Contents List of Charts, Graphs, Illustrations ................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Dedication -
Eeking a World Where Everyone Can Play Sports with Everyone
PHOTO 1 COVER STORY • The Tokyo Olympics & Paralympics in 2020 • 9 Photo: KMD Reality Media eeking a World Where Everyone Can Play Sports with Everyone: the Vision of Keio Media Design (KMD) SBy Minato Takeda & Masahiko Inami The concept image of "Superhuman Sports" Sports, Body & Technology the human body. Paralympic records What is the first thing you think of when you hear the word may very well surpass “sports”? Bodies in action, the white heat of competition, light Olympic records in at exercise to stay healthy? Much depends on your relationship with the 2020 Tokyo Games. sports in your daily life, but “technology” is not what comes to many minds. Surpassing Since ancient times, sports have played a role as a kind of field of Humans through battle where the potential of the human body is explored and Science & Author Minato Takeda Author Masahiko Inami personal limits are challenged in competition against others. Technology Foremost among the venues are the Olympic Games, the world’s greatest sports festival, where fine-tuned bodies and sharply honed This “encroachment” by science and technology is a highly skills and intellect are pushed to their limits in pursuit of the ultimate sensitive issue for sports, whose purpose is to challenge the limits of — a true manifestation of the essence of the human race. The world the human body. But another way of looking at this is as an records and gold medals are proud evidence of the indomitable spirit opportunity to transcend the limits of the human body. of mankind. At the Graduate School of Media Design (KMD) at Keio University, But science and technology, at first glance diametrically opposed the authors run the Reality Media Project, which brings together to sports, serve as the backdrop for these emblems of glory. -
The 1960 Presidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role?
UNF Digital Commons UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 2000 The 1960 rP esidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role? Randy Wade Babish University of North Florida Suggested Citation Babish, Randy Wade, "The 1960 rP esidential Election in Florida: Did the Space Race and the National Prestige Issue Play an Important Role?" (2000). UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 134. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/134 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2000 All Rights Reserved THE 1960 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN FLORIDA: DID THE SPACE RACE AND THE NATIONAL PRESTIGE ISSUE PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE? by Randy Wade Babish A thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES December, 2000 Unpublished work © Randy Wade Babish The thesis of Randy Wade Babish is approved: (Date) Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Signature Deleted Accepted for the College: Signature Deleted Signature Deleted eanofGfaduate rues ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although my name appears on the title page and I assume full responsibility for the final product and its content, the quality of this work was greatly enhanced by the guidance of several individuals. First, the members of my thesis committee, Dr.