LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY STRATEGY

2006–31 The Lower Hunter Region is rich in natural resources with potential for ongoing economic and population growth. The landscape provides an extensive contrast in environments, from highly urbanised areas, to extensive rugged mountain ranges to the coastal and estuarine environments of Lake Macquarie and the Hunter River. Similarly, there is a sense of place that binds and creates a healthy and vibrant community. With such attractions, the NSW Government will ensure that the Lower Hunter can continue to be a place of strong population and economic growth.

The Regional Strategy applies to the five local government areas of Newcastle, Lake Macquarie, Port Stephens, Maitland and Cessnock, and is one of a number of regional strategies prepared by the Department of Planning.

The Regional Strategy represents an agreed NSW government position on the future of the Lower Hunter. It is the pre-eminent planning document for the Lower Hunter Region and has been prepared to complement and inform other relevant State planning instruments.

The primary purpose of the Regional Strategy is to ensure that adequate land is available and appropriately located to sustainably accommodate the projected housing and employment needs of the Region’s population over the next 25 years. The Regional Strategy plans for the provision of sufficient new urban and employment CONTENTS lands to meet expected strong demands for growth. The Regional Strategy also refocuses development in the Lower Hunter towards PREFACE ...... INSIDE COVER the strengthening of vibrant centres that support the role of Newcastle FOREWORD ...... 1 City Centre as the regional city. THE LOWER HUNTER REGION ...... 3 The Regional Strategy works with the Government’s Regional Conservation Plan to ensure that the future growth of the Lower REGIONAL CHALLENGES...... 5 Hunter makes a positive contribution to the protection of sensitive A VISION FOR THE FUTURE ...... 9 environments and biodiversity. A number of important green corridors have been identified for protection on the Wallarah Peninsula, between CENTRES AND CORRIDORS ...... 14 the Watagan Ranges and Stockton Beach and along the Karuah River EMPLOYMENT AND THE ECONOMY...... 19 and Port Stephens’ foreshores. HOUSING ...... 23 The Regional Strategy incorporates the specific regional infrastructure TRANSPORT ...... 29 requirements identified in the State Infrastructure Strategy 2006–07 to 2015–16. The Regional Strategy will continue to inform future ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL infrastructure investment priorities for the Lower Hunter. Infrastructure RESOURCES ...... 31 planning will take into account the broad planning framework identified RURAL LANDSCAPE in the Strategy, to ensure that future population growth is supported AND RURAL COMMUNITIES ...... 36 by services and associated infrastructure. NATURAL HAZARDS ...... 38 The Lower Hunter Regional Strategy applies to the period 2006–31 WATER ...... 40 and will be reviewed every five years. HERITAGE ...... 41

Lower Hunter Regional Strategy IMPLEMENTATION ...... 43 © State of New South Wales through the Department of Planning October 2006 MONITORING AND REVIEW ...... 44 23-33 Bridge Street Sydney NSW Australia www.planning.nsw.gov.au APPENDIX 1 Photography credits: cover (children, housing), p. 4 (both), p.7 (top right), p.9 (top right), p.11 Sustainability criteria ...... 45 (top right, bottom right), p.27 and p. 28 reproduced courtesy of Honeysuckle Development Corporation and AJM Photography. APPENDIX 2 DoP 2006_0034 Major infrastructure projects ...... 47 ISBN 0-7347-5768-9 MAPS Disclaimer: While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that this document is correct at the time of publication, the State of New South Wales, its agents and employees, disclaim Lower Hunter Regional Strategy ...... 12–13 any and all liability to any person in respect of anything or the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done in reliance upon the whole or any part of this document. Natural resources ...... 32 F Foreword

The NSW Government released It will guide the Lower Hunter’s For example, the majority of new the draft Lower Hunter Regional growth for the next 25 years by development within the Region Strategy in November last year. The identifying future development will be located in close proximity Strategy emphasised the need to areas, principal land use types, to major centres and employment ensure this vital Region continues to settlement patterns and lands, maximising access to grow and prosper in a sustainable conservation outcomes. services and employment way, while creating long-term opportunities. business certainty and attracting In particular, the Strategy will: more investment and jobs. Overall, the Lower Hunter • ensure that sufficient Regional Strategy sets a clear and After extensive community employment lands are available sustainable direction for growth feedback, I am now pleased to to cater for 66 000 new jobs that will continue to evolve to release the final Lower Hunter • plan for an additional 160 000 reflect long-term trends and build Regional Strategy, which achieves residents and 115 000 new on the Region’s strengths. The these aims and more. dwellings Strategy will be continually monitored and comprehensively In finalising the Strategy, the Iemma • establish important green reviewed every five years. Government has established corridors, to protect and even important green corridors across enhance the Region’s strong the Region. We have also environmental and biodiversity negotiated the dedication of assets significant landholdings, including government lands, for public • reinforce the role of the protection. Newcastle City Centre as the Regional City. These environmental gains are a once-in-a-generation opportunity The final Strategy aims to harness that will provide an enduring legacy the Region’s competitive for the community. advantages to maximise economic opportunities over The Hon. Frank Sartor MP This Strategy identifies how the the next 25 years. These include Minister for Planning expected growth in the Region its strong manufacturing and Minister for Redfern Waterloo will be managed to provide for industrial heritage, internationally- Minister for Science and both economic development and significant port and airport and Medical Research the protection of environmental world-class teaching hospital and Minister Assisting the Minister assets, cultural values and educational facilities. for Health (Cancer) natural resources.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 1 LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 2 1

The Lower Hunter is the sixth largest The Lower urban area in Australia. It is located Hunter region 160 kilometres north of Sydney, covers an The Lower Hunter is a region of parts of these lands into new area of 4291 square diverse landscapes and land uses. reserves created and managed Its coastline, mountains, lakes, under the National Parks and kilometres and is floodplains and rivers are key Wildlife Act 1974. By identifying a major population elements of the Region’s identity, and protecting such large areas, culture and lifestyle. the Government has recognised centre that includes the significant value that these the regional city The Lower Hunter is characterised corridors contribute to the by large areas of rural, agricultural of Newcastle, the biodiversity and conservation and forested lands. Based on a values of the Region. State’s second major river and coastal estuary, largest urban centre. it contains areas of high quality Economically the Lower Hunter agricultural land, important drinking has a strong mining and water aquifers and internationally industrial manufacturing heritage The Region is home and nationally significant upon which it is building an to the Darkinjung, environmental assets. The region’s increasingly diverse economic rural and semi rural landscapes base, skilled workforce and Awabakal, Wonnarua account for around 80 per cent nationally significant economic and Worimi of the Region’s land, and are infrastructure, including the Aboriginal people. themselves further characterised world’s largest coal exporting by key industries of mining, wine port. Building on these important production and tourism. economic assets will further enhance the capacity of the The NSW Government has region to provide continued identified important green employment growth. This will corridors traversing these different require the identification of landscapes and has identified additional employment lands, mechanisms to protect these as well as the renewal and lands by incorporating substantial

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 3 1 the lower hunter

revitalisation of the commercial — its beaches, liveable residential centres in the Region. environments, cultural city life and proximity of coastal and rural Population growth has been landscapes. closely associated with the coastal areas of the Region, The Regional Strategy is based particularly Newcastle, Lake upon a population growth Macquarie and Port Stephens. scenario which forecasts a However in recent years a regional population of 675 000 reduction in the availability of persons by 2031. This equates new urban land in these areas, to an additional 160 000 persons combined with the relative over the period 2006–31. This affordability of land further up the growth scenario responds to valley, has seen strong residential current levels of growth and growth in the Maitland area. recognises that this growth will Furthermore the City of Newcastle continue as the Region broadens has experienced a resurgence its economic role in the context of as a lifestyle city, with strong the NSW and national economy. growth in residential apartment Monitoring of population growth living. The Region’s population, will ensure that the Strategy can increasingly a mix of ages, skills respond to growth rates higher and backgrounds, was estimated or lower than expected. It is also at approximately 515 000 in 2006 recognised that growth is likely to and continues to grow strongly, continue beyond 2031. with accelerated growth rates The adopted growth scenario experienced in recent years as is one which responds evidenced by the most recent responsibly to the challenge of estimate of residential population managing growth in a way that released by the Australian Bureau is economically, socially and of Statistics in 2006. People move environmentally sustainable to the Lower Hunter attracted and enables the environmental by the Region’s combination and lifestyle assets and values, of economic opportunity, which are themselves key drivers affordability and lifestyle assets of growth in the Region, to be preserved. As the Lower Hunter Region grows and develops, regular monitoring and review will ensure that the Strategy remains relevant.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 4 THE LOWER HUNTER IS THE SIXTH LARGEST URBAN AREA IN AUSTRALIA. 2

Regional challenges

If the Lower Hunter is to prosper with the concentration infrastructure provision and the and benefit from its growth of employment and services ability to identify sufficient new opportunities while maintaining within centres. urban areas to meet demand. it’s environmental and lifestyle values, careful planning is needed Greenfield housing or ‘new Although traditionally focused so that growth occurs in a way release’ areas represent 75 per on new urban land releases which balances environmental, cent of all new housing, with the for housing supply, the Region economic and social outcomes, remaining 25 per cent of housing contains a number of strategic enhancing the quality of life now located in existing zoned urban centres and corridors that have and in the future. In particular, the areas. There are approximately significant potential for renewal. Region will need to address the 205 000 existing dwellings, The development of these areas following specific challenges. comprised of 85 per cent as will help boost the economic single detached cottages, with capacity of the Region, as well as 15 per cent as units, flats and creating a better balance between POPULATION AND townhouses. The historical focus the provision of infill and greenfield HOUSING of providing new housing in urban housing, matching other release areas is being reflected in contemporary urban regions. Population growth in the very low levels of public transport Lower Hunter has been strong, usage, increasing congestion The Lower Hunter is characterised averaging one per cent per on key connecting roads and by a population which is older annum (or approximately 4400 underutilised infrastructure than, and continuing to age persons per year) in the period capacity in some existing urban at a rate faster than, the NSW 1991–2001 and increasing areas. Whilst the amount of average. Despite strong growth more recently to more than greenfield development to in its population a high level of 6200 people in 2004–05 some extent reflects consumer out-migration by young people (Australian Bureau of Statistics, preferences, it also places a continues, projections suggest Estimated Resident Population). significant burden on State and that a much greater proportion Overall development trends still local governments in terms of of the population will be aged 65 favour low density, dispersed and over in the future. This has development, increasingly at odds

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 5 2 regional challenges

implications for the Region’s social The cost of housing in the Lower • provide sufficient land and diversity and future infrastructure Hunter is lower than the State development opportunities to and servicing needs, including average and the rate of home provide housing for the future health, education and transport ownership is higher. Nevertheless, growth of the population needs. Significantly, the ageing of the Government recognises25000 that Males • achieve higher residential the population will also require a housing affordability is an issue2001 2031 different approach to the provision for current and future households densities in-and-around of housing as smaller and easier within the Region. 20000Responding to major centres to maximise to maintain dwellings will be the issue of housing affordability proximity to employment necessary. The ageing of the through the expansion of the and services and the use of population also presents particular supply of land for housing15000 and existing infrastructure, while challenges for the economic the management of development maintaining amenity growth potential of the Region staging and approval processes 10000 • provide housing choice and for maintaining a strong and is an important challenge for the and affordability in the right diverse workforce. Government. locations reflecting changes in population and associated The population and5000 housing challenges are to: reduction in household occupancy rates

0 0 5 + 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 0

Age 10 Figure 1. Comparison of the Lower Hunter Region population’s age structure in 2001 and as projected for 2031

25000 25000 Males Females 2001 2031 2001 2031

20000 20000

15000 15000

10000 10000

5000 5000

0 0 0 5 + 0 5 + 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 0 10 Age Age 10

(Source: Transport and Population Data Centre, Department of Planning 2005). 25000 Females 2001 2031

LOWER HUNTER20000 REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 6

15000

10000

5000

0 0 5 + 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 0

Age 10 • ensure quality urban design through the Port of Newcastle. industrial land will, however, and amenity that is sensitive In addition, it is Australia’s largest remain very important to the to and complements the port in bulk terms and the regional economy as the Region character and lifestyle of the world’s largest coal exporting capitalises on the opportunities Region’s towns and new port. Projected economic activity presented by its geographical urban areas in the Lower Hunter, together location, existing infrastructure with that in the Illawarra and and skills base. Ensuring that • refocus the housing industry Western Sydney, is recognised as ongoing capacity is provided in the Region to increase providing a significant number of for both new and traditional job the amount of total housing new industries and workforce that opportunities for the growing provided in the existing will substantially drive economic population is an important focus urban areas so that a more growth in NSW. of the Regional Strategy. sustainable balance between the need for new greenfield The Region has a high level of The economic challenges for land releases and the ability of employment self sufficiency (a the Region are to: existing urban areas to meet high percentage of employees housing demands is created residing within the local • maximise the economic government area where they opportunities associated • provide a framework for work). The Lower Hunter also with the Region’s competitive planning and delivering has strong economic links with advantages, in particular its new and upgraded regional adjoining regions, including the economic infrastructure and infrastructure and facilities for Central Coast, Mid-North Coast specialised centres the growing population and and Upper Hunter, as well as ageing demographic. • ensure sufficient employment being connected to national and lands are available in international economies through appropriate locations, ECONOMIC the port and the Newcastle Airport. including within centres and The Lower Hunter contributes Recently, the Lower Hunter as traditional industrial land, to the global competitiveness has enjoyed strong job growth to provide sufficient capacity of the Greater Metropolitan and a matching reduction in to accommodate growth Region, with the Newcastle City unemployment rates. The majority in existing and emerging Centre the largest and most of new jobs have been generated industries and businesses diversified city centre outside of in the tertiary sectors, such as • maintain or improve the the Sydney Basin. The Region health, education, financial and employment self sufficiency also contains the capacity for the personal services, as well as of the Region ongoing growth of employment tourism. This trend is expected opportunities due to its extensive to continue and strengthen such • ensure activity within the employment lands and existing that in the future much of the Lower Hunter complements infrastructure. jobs growth is expected to be rather than competes with the in the tertiary sectors and of a economies and communities The Region accounts for 14 per type appropriately located in the of adjoining regions. cent of Australia’s total exports Region’s major centres. Traditional sent to international markets

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 7 2 regional challenges

ENVIRONMENT A number of important green on manufacturing, service and corridors have been identified tourism industries. Finally, the Environmental features that running through the Region. The Region still retains significant coal characterise the Hunter include protection and management of resources and the potential for its wetlands, which are of these corridors for conservation ongoing coal production international significance, the and biodiversity will need to be and export. largest mobile sand dune in a key focus of both government NSW, the largest saltwater lake in and the community. The Regional The key environmental Australia and high quality aquifers Strategy, and its companion challenges for the Region are that supply drinking water to planning document the Regional to accommodate significant the people of the Lower Hunter Conservation Plan, provide population growth whilst: and Central Coast. Much of the a planning and management native vegetation remaining in the • protecting and managing the framework that will enable the biodiversity and conservation Region is of high conservation expansion of public reserves in significance and provides habitat values of the key green these corridors, the protection of corridors of the Region for numerous threatened species. their environmental values from The existing low density dispersed inappropriate development and • maintaining or improving the nature of settlement in the the ongoing management of land biodiversity value of the Region Lower Hunter has implications to enhance its biodiversity and conservation values. • protecting the rural character for the Region’s environment. and viable agricultural lands of Continuation of these trends will The Region is also characterised the Region lead to high demand for urban by its abundant natural land, often at the expense of resources. As an agricultural • protecting the mineral and coal agricultural or biodiversity values, area, the Region has extensive resources of the Region. and high reliance on private agricultural landscapes providing transport. Population growth and opportunities for the dairying the demand for new housing and industry as well as cropping and associated services, can lead vegetable production. The Region to increasing pressure on the is also home to one of the largest Region’s environment including a and most successful vineyard and greater demand for drinking water winemaking districts in Australia, and recreational opportunities. with spin-off impacts

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 8 THE LOWER HUNTER IS THE SIXTH LARGEST URBAN AREA IN AUSTRALIA. 3

A vision for the future

The Government’s vision for This future for the Lower Hunter is • there is access to quality the Lower Hunter embraces one that is sustainable, affordable, infrastructure and services, a sustainable future for the prosperous and liveable; where: including education and health Region — balancing environmental, economic and • there is a sense of community • ecological and culturally social outcomes so that quality spirit and regional identity significant landscapes are valued and protected of life can be enhanced without • innovation is supported and burdening future generations. there are diverse employment • the Region’s quality lifestyle is This aspiration is based on opportunities protected and strengthened characteristics unique to the for its residents and visitors. Region, but also reflects what is important to people wherever they might live.

SUSTAINABLE AFFORDABLE PROSPEROUS LIVEABLEE

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 9 3 a vision for the future

THE STRATEGY AT A GLANCE

The Regional Strategy is the • Promote Newcastle as the • Utilise dwelling and strategic land use planning regional city of the Lower employment projections as framework to guide the Hunter, supported by a a focus for detailed planning sustainable growth of the Lower hierarchy of major regional of centres. Hunter over the next 25 years. centres at Charlestown, The key elements of the Strategy Cessnock, Maitland and • Provide capacity within are to: Raymond Terrace, emerging employment zones, major major regional centres at centres and strategic centres • Provide for up to Morisset and Glendale–Cardiff to accommodate up to 85 per 115 000 new dwellings by as well as specialised centres cent of the anticipated 66 000 2031 ensuring the potential and lower order centres. jobs required by 2031. to accommodate both the changing housing demands • Boost the economic and • Monitor the supply of of smaller households and housing capacity of key residential dwellings and reduced occupancy rates centres by refocusing a higher employment land through of the existing population as proportion of new housing in the creation of a new Lower well as meeting the housing these centres. This will help Hunter Urban Development demands for an additional to maintain the character of Program. 160 000 people. existing suburbs, provide • Enable the release of up to greater housing choice, 69 000 new greenfield lots • Identify and protect new maximise use of existing and green corridors between the in a coordinated way, with future infrastructure, including improved neighbourhood Watagan Ranges and the public transport, and achieve Stockton Peninsula, across design and more efficient use a more sustainable balance of of infrastructure. the Wallarah Peninsula and infill to greenfield development. along the riverine environments of the Karuah River and the foreshores of Port Stephens.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 10 • Where development or rezoning increases the need for State infrastructure, the Minister for Planning may require a contribution to the infrastructure having regard to the State Infrastructure Strategy and equity considerations.

• Maintain or improve the Region’s biodiversity through a Regional Conservation Plan, which will establish a framework for biodiversity protection.

• Identify and protect environmental assets, rural land and natural resources, landscape and rural amenity, rural communities and the character of existing rural villages.

STRATEGY MAP 1

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 11 LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY MAP

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 12 LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 13 Centres and corridors

BACKGROUND leisure, entertainment and Within that hierarchy, Newcastle cultural facilities) City Centre is clearly identified as Strong vibrant centres bring the regional city. Newcastle City people, housing, jobs and • better use of existing Centre is not only the iconic focus services in close proximity. In infrastructure of the Region’s settlement and so doing, they reduce the need structure but also makes a vital for people to travel, and greatly • increased housing choice, contribution to economic, social, increase the opportunity to which caters for changing cultural, recreational and housing provide viable public transport housing needs and needs of the Region. systems, to the benefit of those affordability through the who do need to travel. provision of a diversity of The regional city is supported housing stock by major regional centres, By promoting stronger centres specialised centres, and town that play a much greater role • more sustainable transport centres as well as a wide network in providing jobs and housing, and healthier communities by of smaller neighbourhood centres the Strategy is able to reduce giving more people the option and villages. By focusing a the further sprawl of suburban of taking public transport, greater proportion of development development and create more walking or cycling within these centres, the compact urban areas. Specific • greater safety, amenity and Regional Strategy will achieve benefits of concentrating activities sense of community (as a a more sustainable balance of and housing more people in and result of more people being infill development, as well as near our centres include: present in the centre during encouraging strong, diverse • it reinforces the existing the day and at night) and well connected centres that hierarchy of centres, promoting provide the jobs and commercial • reduced pressure on Newcastle City Centre as a space needed to support the established suburban housing regional city of national and Newcastle City Centre. areas to provide higher density international importance housing. In recent years the regional • improved access to economy has been evolving employment, shopping and CENTRES HIERARCHY and diversifying so that greater other services (including employment opportunities are health, community and The Regional Strategy establishes being created around commercial personal services, education, a hierarchy and network of urban and tertiary sector growth. While centres for the Lower Hunter.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 14 4 a significant share of future 86 per cent of all current jobs are activity at a regional scale. These employment will still be provided already in centres). centres currently range in size in the Region’s traditional industry and intensity and will need to be sectors, already the majority of The centres of the Lower Hunter the focus for a greater proportion new jobs created are occurring will continue to grow to become of total jobs and a greater within centres (approximately a focus for social and economic percentage of total housing.

Table 1. Centres hierarchy

Centres Commercial centres servicing the Lower Key functions of centre hierarchy Hunter

Regional city Newcastle City Centre Services the Region with higher order administration, education, health services, cultural and recreational facilities, higher density commercial and residential. Commercial centre focus with large retail and commercial floor area, including department store/s.

Major regional Charlestown, Glendale (emerging), Morisset A concentration of business, higher order retailing, centre (emerging), Maitland, Raymond Terrace, employment, professional services and generally Cessnock including civic functions and facilities. A focal point for subregional road and transport networks and may service a number of districts.

Specialised Port of Newcastle, Airport precinct, Centres and concentrations of regionally significant centre University of Newcastle, John Hunter economic activity and employment. Hospital, Pokolbin vineyard and tourism precincts, Nelson Bay tourism precinct

Town centre Belmont, East Maitland, Jesmond, The Shopping and business centre for the district, Junction, Lambton, Lochinvar (emerging), including health and professional services mixed Mayfield, Mt Hutton, Rutherford, Swansea, with medium and higher density residential. Thornton, Toronto, Wallsend, Waratah, Warners Bay

Renewal Hamilton–Islington (Tudor Street) The renewal corridors are situated along strategic corridor Mayfield–Islington (Maitland Road) transport routes and link strategic centres. These corridors present opportunities for economic renewal Broadmeadow–Adamstown (Brunker Road) and/or housing renewal and intensification. Charlestown–Windale (Pacific Highway) Glendale–Cardiff (Main Road)

Stand-alone Kotara and Greenhills retail and commercial Privately-owned centres located away from other shopping centres commercial areas, containing many of the attributes centre of a town but without housing or open space.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 15 4 centres and corridors

The Regional Strategy will Renewal corridors sustainable balance between infill continue to build on the economic and new release development is activity within the larger centres The Regional Strategy also achieved. of the Region by creating the identifies five renewal corridors, capacity for a further 40 000 which link strategic centres and Strong public domain and urban jobs to be located in the larger are situated along strategic design themes drive the renewal centres of the Region. These transport routes. These corridors and revitalisation of centres larger centres include Newcastle present opportunities for economic so that they are vibrant places City Centre, the major regional renewal and/or housing renewal accepted by local communities. and intensification. In total, the five centres, the specialised centres Employment and dwelling renewal corridors have the capacity and stand-alone shopping projections for Newcastle City to provide for an additional 4000 centres (as described in Table Centre, major regional centres dwellings as well as supporting 1 above). To complement the and specialised centres are the operation of public transport forecast growth in employment established in consultation with networks linking the larger centres capacity, the Regional Strategy local councils, in conjunction with of the Region. also identifies the capacity for an detailed planning by local councils additional 15 300 dwellings to be for centres in their local areas. located in these larger centres. Five renewal corridors Dwelling and job projections for Maitland Road (Newcastle West Employment and dwelling these larger centres are shown in to Mayfield) projections for Newcastle Table 2. The State Government City Centre reflect its role will work with local councils and Tudor Street (Newcastle West to as the regional city for the Broadmeadow) other stakeholders to promote Lower Hunter and adjoining the strategic outcomes sought for Brunker Road (Nine Ways to regions. The revitalisation and these centres. Adamstown) transformation of the city centre drives renewed investment and The hierarchy of centres also Main Road, Edgeworth (Glendale to Edgeworth) provides opportunities for global includes town centres and other style employment as well as a mid- and lower-order centres. Pacific Highway (Charlestown cosmopolitan lifestyle. These centres are integral to the to Gateshead). network of centres within the Development in-and-around Region and perform a similar OUTCOMES centres takes advantage of and essential role but on a more increasing public transport local scale. The future services, The hierarchy of centres clearly rates as well as maximising housing and employment role of defines the role, and supports the infrastructure use and liveability. those centres is not specifically functioning of, centres as key job, addressed in the Regional service and residential locations Town centres are planned by Strategy but will be addressed in within the Region. These centres councils to provide employment the local strategies prepared by will take an increasing share of new and housing opportunities that are the individual councils. dwellings in the Region as a more appropriate to the local area.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 16 A strategic approach to the issue of • maximise redevelopment and master-planning, urban design mine subsidence allows increased infill opportunities for medium and other relevant studies. development potentials in major and high density housing regional centres such as Glendale within walking distance of • The Department of Planning and Cardiff to be achieved. centres. will work with relevant State agencies (including the Mine The network of centres are linked • The Department of Planning Subsidence Board), local and strengthened through the will work with local councils to councils and other relevant development of new housing ensure that local strategies, stakeholders to facilitate opportunities along identified local environmental plans ‘global’ investigation into renewal corridors, which follow and other statutory planning risk assessment from mine strategic public transport corridors. controls: workings in nominated intensification areas and > adopt the employment and ACTIONS develop risk management/ dwelling projections for the mitigation strategies in the • The centres hierarchy, and role centres nominated in affected areas identified. and function of the nominated Table 2 centres will be embodied in the • The Department will work > establish employment planning of local councils by with Newcastle and Lake and dwelling projections ensuring that local strategies, Macquarie councils and for other lower order local environmental plans other key stakeholders to centres, consistent with and other statutory planning ensure local strategies, local local strategies that address controls: environmental plans and other urban consolidation and statutory planning controls > contain appropriate intensification in urban areas. recognise and facilitate the provisions that reflect • The Department of Planning renewal of the nominated the nominated role of will work with local councils, renewal corridors. particular centres where necessary, to ensure > do not permit retail and that planning for dwelling commercial offices outside projections within centres commercial centres other does not impede the ability to than where consistent with achieve employment capacity adopted State policies projections. such as ‘The Right Place • The Department of Planning for Business’ will work with local councils > facilitate the concentration to facilitate the revitalisation of activities along transport and renewal of these centres routes and within and through structure planning, adjacent to centres

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 17 4 centres and corridors

Table 2. Job and dwelling projections

Centre Jobs Dwellings

Regional city

Newcastle CBD 10 000 4000

Major regional centres

Glendale–Cardiff 6200 4000

Charlestown 4400 3200

Maitland 3200 1300

Morisset 1600 600

Raymond Terrace 1600 300

Cessnock 2300 300

Specialised centres

Airport precinct 3000 0

John Hunter 300 0

University 1600 400

Pokolbin 1600 0

Nelson Bay 1500 1200

Stand-alone shopping centres

Kotara 1200 0

Green Hills 1500 0

Total 40 000 15 300

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 18 5

Employment and the economy

BACKGROUND Trends in the growth of jobs in the jobs to be located in these areas. tertiary sector, those jobs most The remaining additional jobs will The Lower Hunter has a high level appropriately located in centres, be provided through dispersed of employment self sufficiency are expected to continue as the employment locations including and potential for continued strong Region’s economy increasingly home-based businesses. employment growth due to its reflects the economy of extensive areas of employment metropolitan Sydney. The Lower land. A population increase of Hunter Regional Strategy will 160 000 people will require the facilitate job growth opportunities creation of sufficient employment and reinforce the concentration capacity to provide an additional of jobs in larger centres and 66 000 jobs by 2031 if current employment lands, by creating rates of employment are to the capacity for 85 percent of new be maintained.

Table 3. Distribution of new jobs by employment location

Employment location Additional jobs (no.) Total new jobs (%)

Centres* 40 000 60

Employment lands 16 500 25

Dispersed employment 9500 15

Note: * Includes Newcastle City Centre, major regional centres, specialised centres and stand-alone shopping centres.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 19 5

GREATER PROPORTION OF JOBS IN MAJOR CENTRES

Centres that not only accommodates (16 500 jobs) will need to locate its own economic growth, but in major employment land sites. The Lower Hunter Regional also contributes to meeting the These 16 500 jobs will occupy Strategy will ensure that the employment land needs of the approximately 825 hectares larger centres of the Region, broader metropolitan region of employment land (Table 4). including the Newcastle City of Sydney. While the Lower Accommodating these jobs, and Centre, major regional centres, Hunter’s centres provide a providing an adequate buffer specialised centres and stand- range of sites for commercial supply of employment land, alone shopping centres, provide and retail uses, land is also will be achieved through the a sufficient supply of commercial, required for more industrial development of 500 hectares of retail and residential floor space employment uses. Employment zoned but vacant employment to meet their employment land includes the older industrial land and the zoning of a further and service centre functions. areas, which traditionally have 1000 hectares of additional In particular, the economic housed light industry, as well employment land identified opportunities associated with as newer ‘business park’ style through the Regional Strategy, the Region’s specialised centres developments such as the estates including land at West Wallsend, (centres identified as of regional at Beresfield and Thornton. Tomago and Black Hill. significance due to their economic importance and complex planning In recent decades, additions A further 1200 hectares of vacant issues) will be maximised. to the supply of industrial land ‘special purpose’ employment Employment capacity projections have often been inaccessible to land remains available for for the larger centres are shown in major transport, especially public special purpose industry needs, Table 2 (Chapter 4). transport links, and much of the including port- and airport-related available land has been largely development. The additional Employment land taken over by retailing activities. employment land identified under This occurs through ‘bulky the Regional Strategy recognises The identification of a diverse goods retailing’ provisions and that although there is currently range of employment land, can undermine the role of key a supply of vacant employment including sites that differ in size, centres and deplete the supply land across the Region, localised range of services and location, is of industrial land for activities supply-and-demand issues important to provide the capacity genuinely requiring that land. exist and an increase in the local to attract different employment- supply of employment land for generating businesses. The Lower It is expected that 25 per cent general industry needs is required Hunter requires employment land of the 66 000 new jobs required in some areas.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 20 Table 4. Additional employment land required to accommodate employment capacity projections

Anticipated jobs Current zoned Projected total jobs Land required Current zoned within employment vacant additional demand (hectares) vacant supply (ha) * lands land required (ha)

66 000 16 500 825 503 322

Note: * Zoned vacant supply does not include the additional 1200 hectares of vacant ‘special purpose’ employment land.

Expansion of freight movements. The identification OUTCOMES handling of additional employment lands at Stony Pinch and Black Hill, The existing high level of self The Regional Strategy identifies which directly support the freight sufficiency in employment within the opportunity, in the long term, hub, will provide a competitive the Region will be maintained, to enhance the Region’s freight- advantage to new industries with opportunities for maximising handling role and capacity. through the minimisation of home based and localised Integral to capitalising on this transport and handling costs. employment. A greater proportion economic opportunity is the of employment will be in centres designation of a site for a future The proposal to create an close to higher population freight hub and investigation into associated freight rail bypass for densities and accessible through a Newcastle freight bypass. The the Region would improve the a variety of transport options. Strategy identifies and preserves efficiency of freight movements The needs of major industry land for a freight hub within on the rail network. Development and businesses for employment proximity to the port and in the of the site and construction of the lands are facilitated by the vicinity of the junction of the New freight rail bypass is likely to be identification and supply of England and Pacific highways at linked to the commencement of sufficient appropriately located Beresfield. This site also provides containerised freight movement and supported employment land. access to the Golden Highway through the Port of Newcastle. and main north-south railway, The proposed site has significant Employment growth capitalises providing a central focal point and conservation values that will on key regional infrastructure such distribution hub for goods from need to be managed so that a as the port and airport, research northern NSW, western NSW, positive environmental outcome and development experience, north-west NSW, Queensland and accompanies the development. and the Region’s skills base and Sydney. This is to be achieved through a natural amenity. structure-planning process that The site is intended as a facility brings together the owners of for distribution, coordination of the various sites in the freight containerised freight, storage hub precinct. of empty containers and coordination of trucking and rail

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 21 5 employment and the economy

ACTIONS • Newcastle University, with the • Councils will identify support of the Department opportunities for bulky goods • Local councils are to adopt of Planning and Newcastle style retailing in appropriate employment capacity City Council, will develop a locations in commercial projections for larger centres strategy that maximises the centres and restrict this form and local government areas employment opportunities of retailing in employment and through the identification associated with the university industrial zones as set out in and zoning of sufficient and strengthens the physical the NSW Government Policy employment land as identified and intellectual linkages ‘The Right Place for Business’. in Tables 2 and 4. between the university, • Require local environmental • The Department of Planning industry and the broader plans to be amended, where will establish as a component population. necessary, to incorporate of the Urban Development • Ensure that local planning provisions that facilitate Program: provisions reflect and appropriate home based > an employment land promote the role of the Port of employment and localised database Newcastle as identified in the employment in town and NSW Port Growth Strategy, as neighbourhood centres. > a program to monitor the the site for a second container uptake of existing vacant port facility for NSW. This will • Ensure a mix of housing types zoned employment land include ensuring that local in proximity to employment to and utilisation of existing planning provisions maintain provide the necessary supply zoned employment land ‘port-related’ employment land of labour locally. This includes around the Port of Newcastle housing for lower as well as > a program for the release of for industries that specifically higher income groups to fill further employment land. require port access. the diversity of employment opportunities provided. • Local councils will rezone • The Department of Planning, proposed employment in partnership with key land as identified in the stakeholders, will coordinate Regional Strategy (Strategy the preparation of a land use Map) through their local development strategy for the environmental plans. RAAF Base Williamtown– • The Department of Newcastle Airport Employment Planning in conjunction with Zone. Once completed, local Newcastle, Maitland and environmental plans will be Cessnock councils as well as amended, where necessary, to landowners, will develop a reflect and promote the role of structure plan that maximises the RAAF Base Williamtown– the employment and Newcastle Airport Employment conservation outcomes for the Zone as identified in the land freight hub precinct. use development strategy.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 22 6

Housing

BACKGROUND with dependent children. These More compact settlement changes in the types of household The Lower Hunter currently has and number of people in individual The principal challenge for the approximately 205 000 dwellings. households also mean that a Region is to refocus the current It is estimated that an additional greater range of housing options housing trends so that a more 115 000 dwellings will be required is required to satisfy the different sustainable balance between new to house the Region’s growing housing needs of this changing release and infill development is population over the next 25 years. population. achieved. To achieve this, the Strategy will facilitate greater Of this number, 80 000 dwellings Over recent decades the great opportunities for housing to will be required to house the majority of housing (at least 75 be provided within the existing additional population (160 000 per cent) has been provided urban areas. New dwellings in people), while an extra 35 000 in the form of single detached the existing areas will be provided dwellings will be required to meet cottages in new housing estates in and adjoining the Region’s changing housing demands. on the urban fringe. This has centres, through new dwellings These changing demands include led to a dispersed pattern of in renewal corridors, and through a reduced occupancy rate, settlement with people living in general urban infill, on existing predicted to continue to decline areas more remote from major zoned but undeveloped land and from 2.5 persons per dwelling in centres of employment, and land within proximity to centres. 2001 to 2.1 persons per dwelling removed from the commercial and in 2031. This trend toward smaller service centres where essential There are many benefits from this households is consistent with services are located. The current approach. They include better national and global trends. It is pattern of low density settlement use of existing infrastructure, and a consequence of significant on the fringe of existing areas is reduced travel by placing people, changes in the nature of also difficult and expensive to jobs and services closer together. households themselves, including provide with new services and Achieving a more sustainable a growing number of lone person infrastructure, including viable and balance of infill to new urban and single parent households effective public transport. development also reduces the as well as a decline in couples pressure to find large scale new

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 23 6

housing

URBAN RELEASE AREAS TO BE BASED ON NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PRINCIPLES

greenfield sites for development, employment lands, minimising each of the local council areas of as well as preserving future impacts on regionally significant the Lower Hunter (shown in Table sites for the ongoing growth of agricultural lands and biodiversity 5). The distribution of the dwelling the Region beyond the 25-year corridors. Where additional projections has been developed planning horizon of the Regional infrastructure is required to cater with local councils and reflects Strategy. for the demand generated by the differing characteristics of the the development, contribution individual council areas to provide New release areas to the costs associated with the infill and multi-unit housing. The Existing trends are that 75 per provision of this infrastructure will best opportunities to achieve cent of all new housing is being be necessary. higher density housing within and built in new release areas and just adjacent to major centres are in The Strategy identifies individual Newcastle and Lake Macquarie 25 per cent in the existing urban ‘release areas’ generally with an areas. The Strategy provides that council areas. The Department area of greater than 50 hectares. will work with individual councils 60 per cent of new dwellings will Sites less than 50 hectares may be provided in new release areas to support the planning of centres be developed if consistent with and corridors. and 40 per cent will be provided the principles of the Strategy and in existing urban areas — that is, if they are identified within an The revitalisation and renewal a 60:40 split in the provision of endorsed local strategy. of the Newcastle City Centre new dwellings. in particular will be the subject Other release sites, not currently of specialised and detailed Currently, approximately 3500 identified in the Strategy, may be new dwellings are being approved planning carried out by the Cities considered if it can demonstrated Taskforce (announced in the NSW each year in the Lower Hunter, that the proposal satisfies the with 80 per cent of these Government’s 2006 Economic Sustainability Criteria (Appendix and Financial Statement). dwellings located in Newcastle, 1). However, these opportunities Lake Macquarie and Port for settlement expansion will not The Regional Strategy Stephens local government areas. apply to development that is acknowledges that some local In recent years, strong growth proposed to be located within the environmental plan amendments in housing has occurred in the identified green corridors. may be appropriate for minor Maitland local government area changes of a local scale. For these — a trend expected to continue. Dwelling projections by proposals the Regional Strategy The proposed new release areas council area requires that the Sustainability in the Strategy are located to Criteria (Appendix 1) are met. ensure that new housing has The Strategy nominates specific access to major centres and projections for new dwellings in

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 24 Urban Development • Cooranbong (up to 3000 Housing affordability Program dwellings) Housing is more affordable in the Sufficient release area land has • Bellbird (up to 4000 dwellings) Lower Hunter than other parts of been identified in the Strategy to the Greater Metropolitan Region. • North Raymond Terrace (up supply 69 000 dwellings (60 per The cost of housing in the Lower to 5000 dwellings — subject cent of total dwellings required). Hunter is lower than the State to detailed consideration of There is currently active planning average and the rate of home airport noise impacts). underway toward release and ownership is higher. Nevertheless, development of at least half of Other major release sites include the Government recognises that this potential supply. There is Lochinvar (up to 5000 dwellings), housing affordability is an issue a clear need to coordinate the Anambah (up to 4000 dwellings), for current and future households release of land in alignment Wyee (up to 2000 dwellings) and within the Region. with infrastructure provision and Branxton–Huntlee (up to 7200 The Department of Housing infrastructure funding to achieve dwellings). an orderly and efficient pattern of has significant assets within the land release. To initiate the Urban Development Lower Hunter. Other housing Program a working group will be cooperatives with a charter for Detailed planning by local established comprising executive provision of affordable housing councils, in liaison with the level members from State and also operate within the Region. Department of Planning, will local authorities. The working However, with a stock of over be supported by an Urban group will help to prepare an 10 000 dwellings, the Department Development Program that will initial staging and sequencing of Housing is clearly the major be established and administered plan, which will then be reviewed supplier of affordable housing. by the Department to monitor annually based on a Monitoring Greater opportunities for private total dwelling supply and uptake, and Forecasting Program. The sector involvement in the supply and to coordinate the planning, Monitoring and Forecasting of affordable housing will be servicing and development of new Program will be prepared by the explored. release areas. Department with input from State and local authorities and the Major priority release areas and development industry, to review areas where planning for release housing supply and demand. is well advanced are:

• Thornton North (up to 7000 dwellings)

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 25 6

housing

Neighbourhood Planning Principles

• A range of land uses to provide • Streets and suburbs planned so • Conservation lands in-and- the right mix of houses, jobs, that residents can walk to shops around the development sites, open space, recreational for their daily needs. to help protect biodiversity space and green space. and provide open space for • A wide range of housing choices recreation. • Easy access to major town to provide for different needs centres with a full range of and different incomes. Traditional • Public transport networks that shops, recreational facilities houses on individual blocks will link frequent buses into the rail and services along with be available along with smaller, system. smaller village centres and lower maintenance homes, units neighbourhood shops. and terraces for older people and young singles or couples. • Jobs available locally and regionally, reducing the demand for transport services.

Urban design and in some areas with careful Local planning will ensure that neighbourhood planning planning and urban design. nominated new release sites principles and existing urban areas have The development of increased the capacity to accommodate densities within renewal areas Good urban design outcomes 115 000 dwellings, of which should deliver quality architecture will be critical for all form of new 40 per cent are able to be that respects local character. settlement within the Region. New accommodated in the existing This will be achieved through well release areas should be designed urban areas. based on ‘Neighbourhood connected and usable public Planning Principles’ to ensure spaces supporting accessible and Local planning will be undertaken that new suburbs have access to vital centres. to enable increased housing jobs, centres and transport choice densities in-and-around centres within their communities. OUTCOMES to support existing infrastructure and services and facilitate New urban release areas will be An adequate supply of land and revitalisation. planned to achieve an average sites for residential development yield of 12 dwellings per hectare. will be provided to cater for Local plans and strategies will However, it is recognised that the housing needs of the provide for a mix of housing higher densities can be achieved Region’s changing population. types and densities near jobs,

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 26 transport and services, and Local plans will consider • Councils will revise their ensure that centres and corridors appropriate affordable strategies local environmental plans are planned to have the capacity tailored to local opportunities to to be consistent with the to accommodate their agreed improve housing affordability. identified urban footprint dwelling projections. within the Regional Strategy Existing land use rights and (unless growth rates exceed Local planning will adopt the opportunities will not be expectations and dictate Neighbourhood Planning diminished by the Regional an earlier release of Principles and ensure that design Strategy. However, new local additional land). implements those principles in environmental plans will be new release areas and in planning required to align with the • Promote consolidation in for housing mix and increase Regional Strategy. the larger and specifically density yields in infill areas, nominated centres (Table centres and corridors — to ensure ACTIONS 2) such as Newcastle City improved amenity and urban Centre, Charlestown, Maitland, design quality. • Sufficient land and Cessnock, Glendale–Cardiff, development capacity will Raymond Terrace and The character of established be identified and rezoned Morisset at appropriate neighbourhoods and suburbs to provide for an additional densities. will be protected by focusing 69 000 dwellings in new new housing in centres and new release areas and 46 000 • Councils will revise their local release areas, and limiting the dwellings in existing urban environmental plans to be uncoordinated spread of medium areas and centres to meet consistent with the dwelling density development unless forecasted demands for an capacity projections for consistent with an endorsed local additional 115 000 dwellings their local government area council strategy. over the next 25 years. identified in Table 5 (below).

Table 5. Dwelling capacity projections

Centres and Urban infill Total infill New release Total dwellings corridors

Cessnock 500 1500 2000 19 700 21 700 Maitland 2000 3000 5000 21500 26 500 Port Stephens 3300 2000 5300 7200 12 500 Newcastle 12 200 2500 14 700 5800 20 500 Lake Macquarie 14 000 7000 21 000 15 000 36000 Total 32 000 16 000 48 000 69 200 117 200

Note: The numbers in Table 5 provide a small excess of dwellings so that a contingency exists if dwelling yields are not able to be met. These projections will be continually reviewed and monitored as part of the Urban Development Program

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 27 6 housing

• Implement an Urban considered where it can be Development Program to shown that the proposal monitor housing supply and meets the Sustainability demand, including the quality Criteria (Appendix 1). This of planning and development, consideration will not apply to and coordinate the staged proposals for development in release of new release the area identified as a green areas, infrastructure and corridor on the Strategy Map. human services. The Urban • Where development or Development Program will rezoning increases the need monitor: for State infrastructure, the > progress made through the Minister for Planning may planning/rezoning process require a contribution to the provision of the infrastructure > the capacity of local having regard to the State government and other Infrastructure Strategy and public authorities to provide equity considerations. the required services to land in the short or long term • Councils will plan for a range of housing types of > the State Government’s appropriate densities, location road and transport and suitability that are capable infrastructure plans of adapting and responding to the ageing of the population > market demand, including contribution to the • The Department of Planning geographic market spread and the Department of of housing supply. Housing in cooperation with councils will investigate • Ensure that planning and options for affordable housing design of new release areas is within the Region consistent based on the Neighbourhood with the outcomes of the NSW Planning Principles. Affordable Housing Strategy.

• Innovative land use proposals, outside of the areas identified as future urban, may be

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 28 THE LOWER HUNTER IS THE SIXTH LARGEST URBAN AREA IN AUSTRALIA. 7

Transport

BACKGROUND An extensive network of roads is important for the continued runs throughout the Lower Hunter. economic growth of the Region. The transport network within the Traffic volumes have, on average, The role of Newcastle Port in Region includes an arterial road increased by 3.4 per cent per particular is expected to increase system with major highway and annum on these roads, and further as the NSW Government freeway links to adjoining regions, while the road network generally pursues the Ports Development rail links, airports, a seaport and a copes with traffic demand with Program. ferry service. relatively low levels of congestion A number of specific transport The Region’s rail network was it is recognised that without careful planning a number of key infrastructure projects have developed primarily for linking coal been identified in the State mines to the Port of Newcastle. congestion points will arise. As an example, strong residential Infrastructure Strategy 2006–07 It also facilitates the export of to 2015–16. These projects agricultural products, brings fuel, growth in the Maitland corridor has led to increased congestion on are listed in Appendix 2. The machinery and other products to Regional Strategy identifies the inland centres and links freight the Maitland Road–New England Highway — the only direct link land use and planning objectives and passengers to Sydney and associated with these projects. Brisbane, Queensland. Whilst the between the Maitland district and railway has traditionally focused inner Newcastle. OUTCOMES on coal and long distance The Lower Hunter, due to its freight and passenger traffic, it geographical location and Integrated land use and transport has enabled a local commuter existing transport hubs of planning to connect homes, service to operate. An electrified Newcastle Port and RAAF Base employment and services, rail system links Newcastle to Williamtown–Newcastle Airport, minimising the need to travel and Sydney, with a non-electrified has an important role to play in the encouraging energy and resource system providing further links to movement of freight throughout efficiency. the Hunter Valley, North Coast NSW and Australia as a whole. and the north-west of the State. Maximising these opportunities

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 29 7 transport

Maximising the economic, social and the movement of people and environmental outcomes of to and from the Upper Hunter. strong connections within the Lower Hunter and from the Lower • Construct a third crossing of Hunter to the broader Greater the Hunter River at Maitland. Metropolitan Region, Australia • Improve the interchange on and internationally. the New England Highway at Weakleys Drive, Beresfield. ACTIONS • Complete Newcastle inner-city • Investigate the need for bypass between Shortland improved transport links and Sandgate. connecting the Port of Newcastle and the RAAF • Support Commonwealth Base Williamtown–Newcastle investigation into streamlining Airport to the national highway freight movements along network and identify the the north–south rail corridor preferred linkages. between Sydney and Brisbane. In particular • Continue improvements to the assessment of the option north–south access through to construct a freight rail the Region, including planning bypass of Newcastle which, the linkage of the F3 to the if implemented, would remove Pacific Highway at Raymond some freight movements Terrace and planning and from suburban Newcastle rail construction of upgrades to lines and reduce the freight– the Pacific Highway. passenger conflict within the Newcastle rail network. • Support, subject to federal funding, the extension of the • Concentrate employment and F3 Freeway to New England residential development in Highway west of Branxton, to proximity to public transport to facilitate freight movements maximise transport access. from north-west of the State

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 30 THE LOWER HUNTER IS THE SIXTH LARGEST URBAN AREA IN AUSTRALIA. 8

Environment and natural resources

BACKGROUND significance as it supports a that supply drinking water to the transition between the northern Region. The north-eastern section There is a growing recognition and southern plant and animal contains wetlands and lowland of the relationship between the communities. This north–south coastal forests, fringing the shores environment, quality of life and link is not evident elsewhere in the of Port Stephens and containing regional identity and thus a desire Hunter Valley. The Region also the surface water catchment for to protect these assets for the forms an east–west migratory Grahamstown Dam. Large parts value they contribute to our pathway and a drought refuge for of the corridor are affected by lifestyle and the regional economy inland species. flooding, contain acid sulfate soils as well as for their intrinsic value. and are noise affected from the Whilst small remnants of habitat The Region covers approximately RAAF airbase and the airport. can play a crucial role in survival The combination of environmental 430 000 hectares of which of species and communities, the approximately 60 per cent or values, hazards and the distance Regional Strategy recognises the to serviced centres means that 264 000 hectares is vegetated. importance of large vegetated The majority of this vegetation is the area is unsuitable for new areas being linked via habitat large scale urban development, restricted to the rugged slopes corridors at a landscape scale. and ranges in the south-west of other than building on the existing The most valued of these in the community at Medowie and the Region. The valley floor and Lower Hunter is the green corridor coastal plain has been largely employment land at Tomago and that links the Watagans and Yengo Williamtown. cleared for agriculture, mining and national parks with the coastal urban purposes. The vegetation plains of the Tomago Sand beds, A second regionally significant remaining on the valley floor is Stockton Bight and Port Stephens. urban break is the Wallarah often highly fragmented and The south-western section Peninsula. The southern portion affected by weeds, feral animals provides a link between the ranges of this peninsula has long been and altered fire regimes. and the wetlands. The middle recognised for values that include The Lower Hunter Region’s section contains koala habitat, its scenic amenity, biodiversity and vegetation is of bio-geographic heath and vulnerable aquifers heritage. It also provides a green

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 31 Port Stephens Maitland

Raymond Terrace

Cessnock

Glendale/Cardiff Newcastle

Charlestown

e i r a u q c a M

Morisset ke Morisset La

0 5 10 15 20 km

Regional Boundary Regional City Coal Resources Highway & Freeway Major Centre Non Coal Extractive Resources Railway Regionally Significant Agricultural Land Emerging Major Centre Rivers & Lakes NATURAL RESOURCES MAP 2. Rural Land & Environmental Assetts Existing Urban Footprint Town Water Supply Catchment State Forests ¹ National Park Estate Map key

Regional Boundary Regional City Coal Resources Highway & Freeway Major Centre Non Coal Extractive Resources Railway Regionally Significant Agricultural Land Emerging Major Centre Rivers & Lakes Rural Land & Environmental Assets Existing Urban Footprint Town Water Supply Catchment State Forests National Park Estate

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 32 break between the Central Coast sustainable use of the resources is green corridors are managed for and Lower Hunter communities. critical to achieving the Strategy’s their biodiversity and conservation The Regional Strategy recognises objectives. values. Additions to the reserves the importance of these areas and will be achieved through the aims to conserve these values. PROTECTION OF GREEN transfer of government lands for management under the National The Lower Hunter has many other CORRIDORS Port Stephens Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, as natural environmental values and The NSW Government is in the well as through the dedication by Maitland resources that will also require process of securing a consistent major landholders of significant Raymond Terrace careful consideration when ownership and management additional lands. planning land use. The Region still regime for the significant green has extensive mineral resources Additional protection of the corridors of the Region. The including coal, clay, gravel, biodiversity and conservation Cessnock companion planning document to rock and sand. Its rivers, lakes values of the green corridors will this Regional Strategy, the Regional and foreshores provide habitat be achieved through appropriate Conservation Plan, has identified for fish as well as recreational planning controls on private lands, a reserve expansion proposal opportunities that characterise as well as the exclusion of one-off that will allow the creation of new the Region, including dolphin- development proposals in Glendale/Cardiff reserves under the National Parks Newcastle and whale-watching, fishing and these areas. and Wildlife Act 1974 so that these boating. Maintaining access and Charlestown

e i r a u q c Implementation of existing natural resource policies, plans and guidelines a M

Morisset ke Morisset La Substantial work has been done • The Hunter–Central Rivers • Existing coastal and estuary by agencies, councils and the Catchment Action Plan management plans community in the Lower Hunter to develop natural resource • Local stormwater management • Soil landscape mapping management policies, plans and plans (Department of Natural 0 5 10 15 20 guidelines. Councils should ensure Resources) km • Management of flood liable land that their local growth management in accordance with section 733 • Planning for Bushfire Protection strategies, local environmental plans of the Local Government Act (NSW Rural Fire Service and Regional Boundary and development control plans Regional City Coal Resources 1993 Planning NSW 2001) Highway & Freeway maximise the achievement of the Major Centre Non Coal Extractive Resources principles and recommendations Railway • Floodplain risk management • Planning Guidelines for Acid Regionally Significant Agricultural Land in these policies and plans, in plans prepared in accordance Sulfate Soils (NSW Government Emerging Major Centre Rivers & Lakes particular: with the NSW Government’s 1998) Rural Land & Environmental Assetts Existing Urban Footprint Town Water Supply Catchment Flood Plain Development • NSW Coastal Policy and State State Forests Manual (2005) ¹ Environmental Planning Policy National Park Estate No. 71 — Coastal Protection • Coastal zone management plans under the Coastal Protection • NSW Government’s Water Act 1979 Quality and River Flow Objectives (1999)

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 33 8 environment and natural resources

OUTCOMES environmental, social and > identify mechanisms economic issues is thoroughly that will be used to fund The potential for biodiversity assessed. biodiversity investment impact is reduced by increasing the proportion of dwellings built > establish monitoring and in existing urban areas, whilst ACTIONS review mechanisms. new development will be directed • The Department of • Local environmental plans away from areas known for their Environment and Conservation in the Watagan to Stockton biodiversity significance. is to finalise a Regional Corridor (including the Conservation Plan that The Watagan to Stockton Corridor foreshores of Port Stephens) establishes how, in light of the (including the foreshores of and the Wallarah Peninsula planned urban development Port Stephens) is protected and are to provide for the ongoing identified in this Regional enhanced so that it forms a long role of biodiversity corridor and Strategy, the Region’s term connection between the inter-urban break. rugged sandstone areas of the biodiversity value will be south-west and the wetlands and maintained or improved. The • The Sustainability Criteria coastal plain to the north and east. plan will: will not apply in the Watagan to Stockton and Wallarah > identify the key The Wallarah Peninsula Corridor Peninsula green corridors conservation values of is protected and enhanced to to protect the significant the Region and regionally provide a natural break between biodiversity and natural significant corridors the Central Coast and the Lower resource values of these areas. Hunter. > outline how the Plan • Support bio-certification of local relates to the Lower Hunter The Region’s waterways and environmental plan amendments Regional Strategy and associated riparian zones are using the Threatened Species the Hunter–Central Rivers protected and enhanced through Conservation Act 1995 where Catchment Action Plan the implementation of stormwater adequate arrangements have management planning and > establish a biodiversity been made to ensure biodiversity investment via the Catchment investment guide that values will be maintained or Action Plan. identifies which landscapes improved in the Region. and habitats are to be Access to mineral resources • Land use change in the vicinity targeted for investment is maintained, with utilisation of mineral resources should to achieve improved of those resources undertaken be compatible with continued conservation outcomes only where consideration of access to the resource.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 34 Regional Conservation Plan

A Lower Hunter Regional strategic regional biodiversity • candidate areas for future Conservation Plan, to be prepared conservation priorities in the Lower reservation and management by by the Department of Environment Hunter, for implementation by both the Department of Environment and Conservation, will include a suite local and State governments over and Conservation have been of actions to, as far as possible, the next 25 years. If these regional identified in the following areas: meet the biodiversity commitments conservation priorities are conserved Port Stephens, a corridor within the Regional Strategy. As and protected in perpetuity, they will between Watagan Ranges and such, the Regional Conservation make a significant contribution to Port Stephens and the South Plan complements the Regional an ‘improve or maintain’ biodiversity Wallarah Peninsula Strategy by providing a sound outcome for the Lower Hunter. basis for biodiversity investment • areas identified as ‘Other regional to compensate for the loss of The Department of Environment conservation priorities’, which biodiversity as a consequence of and Conservation’s Biodiversity could be protected via a range development made permissible by Investment Guide has identified of conservation mechanisms the Regional Strategy. To achieve this two categories of regional by both private and public outcome, the Regional Conservation conservation priorities: landholders (for example, Plan includes a Biodiversity bio-banking). Investment Guide, which identifies

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 35 Rural landscape and rural communities

BACKGROUND In terms of productivity, the rural in the Lower Hunter. To further lands of the vineyards district supplement that, another 700 Rural land has played a historically and the cultivated floodplain of hectares of land has been significant role in the settlement the Hunter River provide the identified for rural residential and development of the Lower greatest return per hectare (apart development within endorsed Hunter Region. Although the from intensive industries such as local council strategies, which is Lower Hunter is now the sixth poultry farming). The vineyards yet to be rezoned. largest urban settlement in district experiences pressure Australia, rural land still comprises for development that is often Appropriate development of approximately 80 per cent of all inconsistent with its rural/grape- rural lands can contribute to the land within the Region. growing character. Development character, economy and social fabric of the Region and revitalise These rural areas will continue in the vineyards district, therefore, needs to be carefully managed rural communities. However, to have significant value these areas are also subject to associated with their social to avoid detracting from its character. many competing and potentially and cultural heritage, scenic conflicting pressures that have the amenity, recreational value, rural Rural residential development potential to damage some of their production role, current and future provides for those who desire most valuable and irreplaceable tourism opportunities and rural to reside in a rural area without attributes. Inappropriate rural living opportunities. having to commit to the purchase residential development has The Lower Hunter’s rural lands of a working farm. This desire is the potential to conflict with contain rural industries such as catered for with a large supply agricultural activities, reduce agriculture, extractive industry and of existing small rural holdings in agricultural viability and increase mining and natural areas that are the general rural zone (estimated environmental damage. of environmental significance and to be approximately 7000) that provide valuable regional open is effectively being used for OUTCOMES space. The rural lands enhance rural living without significant the landscape, contributing to agricultural production. In The rural character of the Region scenic amenity, recreation and addition, there is currently almost is recognised and protected in tourism opportunities and a sense 7000 hectares of land zoned local environmental plans. This of place. for rural residential purposes includes protecting highly valued

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 36 9

agricultural lands (such as the • Local environmental plans already available or identified, vineyards district) from urban and are to recognise any should be: rural-residential encroachment as additional regionally significant well as maintaining the character agricultural land identified by > consistent with the of small rural villages. the State Government through Sustainability Criteria an agreed upon methodology (Appendix 1) Existing opportunities for rural consistent with the objectives > consistent with an residential development provided of the Regional Strategy. in local environmental plans, endorsed local council endorsed local council strategies • Provide a consistent approach strategy and in the large supply of existing to the zoning system in > maintain the character and small rural holdings is maintained. rural lands through the role of the existing village Standard Instrument (Local centre. ACTIONS Environmental Plans) Order 2006 and ensure that access • Local environmental plans • The scale of new development to resource lands (including and other relevant planning within and adjacent to existing mineral resources) are provisions will be required villages and rural towns must maintained and protected from to align with the strategic respect and preserve their incompatible and inappropriate intentions contained in the character, scale, cultural uses. Regional Strategy by: heritage and social values. • Recognise that mining is > limiting further dwelling • Local environmental plans a transitional land use and entitlements in rural areas are to maintain rural zoning that former mining land for regionally significant offers opportunities for both > maintaining or increasing agricultural land including the conservation and development minimum lot sizes for rural vineyard district as defined outcomes when activities are subdivisions that confer a by the existing 1(v) zone in completed. new dwelling entitlement Cessnock Local Environmental (where established by an Plan and the irrigated • Any future rezoning appropriate methodology as floodplains. proposal for rural-residential agreed by the Department development, beyond areas of Primary Industries).

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 37 Natural hazards

BACKGROUND Councils in the Region have OUTCOMES undertaken planning for these As a coastal plain, the Lower issues through the preparation Future urban development will not Hunter has inherent risks of of plans under the Coastal be located in areas of high risk flooding and coastal recession. Protection Act 1979 and the NSW from natural hazards, including The last major flood in 1955 Floodplain Development Manual. sea level rise, coastal recession, destroyed over 100 houses at Floodplain Risk Management rising watertable and flooding. Maitland and led to a significant Plans have been prepared in increase in flood mitigation works. Development in areas subject each local government area to natural hazards will be Mitigation works against coastal — although not all areas of flood recession have also been required assessed according to the prone land have recent plans policies of the Floodplain at Stockton, Belmont, Shoal Bay applying to them. Coastal Zone and Tanilba Bay. Development Manual and the Management Plans are in place Coastal Protection Act 1979. Planning for these hazards has or are being prepared for the become more difficult due to coastline (except for the Port Appropriate planning provisions uncertainty regarding climate Stephens local government area) will be incorporated in local change where changes in and estuaries (Port Stephens, environmental plans consistent global temperatures will result Hunter Estuary and Lake with the Floodplain Development in changes to the intensity and Macquarie). Manual and council’s risk frequency of storms, annual management plan to minimise the The Department of Planning is risk from flooding. rainfall and sea level. Flooding piloting a laser survey of part of and coastal recession regimes will the Region that will deliver highly change, however, the magnitude accurate topographic information of change is not well understood. from which modelling of coastal inundation, flooding and recession can be improved.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 38 10

ACTIONS • Local environmental plans will zone waterways to reflect their • In order to manage risk environmental, recreational associated with climate change, or cultural values, including a councils will undertake flood Working Waterways Zone for investigations of lands with the Port of Newcastle to reflect the potential to be affected by its status as a working port. sea level rise and inundation to ensure that risk to public and • Local environmental plans will private assets are minimised. zone areas subject to high hazard to reflect the limitations • Local environmental plans of the land. will make provision for adequate setbacks in areas of coastal erosion risk and ocean-based inundation in accordance with Coastal Zone Management Plans.

• Until the above plans/ investigations are complete, councils will not zone land or approve new development or redevelopment in potential hazard areas, unless assessed within a risk assessment framework adopted by the council.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 39 11

Water

BACKGROUND Integrated Water Resource Plan OUTCOMES outlines initiatives for demand Water supply and disposal of management, reuse and Water consumption for domestic, wastewater in the Lower Hunter augmentation of supply. industrial and stock uses will be is undertaken by the Hunter within the sustainable limits of Water Corporation. The Region’s Provided demand for water in the water sources. average household consumption non-residential sector does not is 24 per cent less than the exceed current expectations and ACTIONS average of other major water there is no significant unpredicted authorities in Australia. Hunter change in climatic conditions • Promote water-sensitive Water Corporation is planning there will be sufficient water for urban design in residential demand management strategies the anticipated population growth development. to reduce this by a further in the Regional Strategy. • Local environmental plans 15 per cent. The reductions in household are to protect drinking water The Region’s water supply is consumption will be assisted by catchments, in particular the extremely variable, with resources application of the BASIX program, vulnerable aquifers of Tomago, depleting and replenishing very which requires new houses and Tomaree and Stockton. quickly depending on weather additions to achieve energy and conditions. Despite population water consumption targets. growth and this natural variability, the total amount of water supplied In rural areas water supply by the Hunter Water Corporation is provided through licensed has remained relatively constant extractions from rivers and since 1982, between 70-80 groundwater. Subdivision of rural gigalitres per year. This has been, land increases the number of in part, due to reductions in water licences and can place industry usage and reductions stress on these smaller water in per capita consumption. The supplies. Hunter Water Corporations’

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 40 12

Heritage

BACKGROUND Aboriginal groups will assist in plan has been completed for identifying and managing these Newcastle. Most but not all Archaeological studies suggest features. items identified in these studies Aboriginal occupation of the have been included in planning Lower Hunter began around The cultural heritage of the Lower instruments. These heritage 30 000 years ago. Indigenous Hunter also includes important studies are now more than ten knowledge identifies Aboriginal rural, natural, commercial, years old and may need review. occupation as beginning with industrial and recreational the early parts of the Dreamtime. landscapes that reflects its rich Evidence of this occupation resources and the important OUTCOMES is plentiful, indicating large historical role the Region has The importance of the historic populations of Aborigines and played in the development of cultural landscapes of the continuous occupation. Physical the State and nation. Region and their contribution evidence includes fish traps, to the Lower Hunter’s unique Continued growth of the Lower campsites, scarred trees, rock sense of place are recognised Hunter population and industry engravings, axe-grinding grooves, and protected throughout the will raise challenges for the burial grounds and middens. planning process. conservation of cultural heritage. The Regional Strategy recognises In urban renewal projects there All places, precincts and the importance of these artefacts, will be challenges to protect landscapes of cultural heritage but also acknowledges the critical buildings of cultural significance. significance in the Region are relationship between land and In urban growth on the fringe identified and protected in Aboriginal people. This relates the challenge will be to protect planning instruments. not only to specific sites and landscapes and locations of natural resources, but also to the significance to Aboriginal people. Development opportunities landscapes that these features created by land use zonings are situated within. The Aboriginal Heritage studies have been and densities are compatible Cultural Landscape maps (2006) completed for many of the towns with the underlying heritage prepared by the Department of and areas within the Region and values of the place. Planning in consultation with a major archaeological zoning

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 41 12 heritage

The sympathetic conservation • The Department of Planning of heritage assets is and councils will review encouraged through detailed the scope and quality design requirements in local of the existing statutory environmental plans, development lists of heritage items and control plans and other planning ensure that all places of documents and strategies. significance are included in the heritage schedules of local ACTIONS environmental plans. • Councils are to ensure • The cultural heritage values that Aboriginal cultural of major regional centres and and community values are major towns that will be the considered in the future focus of urban renewal projects planning and management of will be reviewed, with the aim of the local government area. protecting cultural heritage.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 42 13 Implementation

The Lower Hunter Regional controls and development Department of Planning, will Strategy will be implemented assessment of individual projects be supported by an Urban primarily through local and proposals. It will guide the Development Program that will environmental plans, development preparation of all new local be established and administered control plans, through the environmental plans prepared by by the Department to monitor State Infrastructure Strategy local councils. total dwelling supply and uptake, and through funds collected as and to coordinate the planning, developer contributions. All five local councils in the Lower servicing and development of new Hunter are required to prepare release areas. The State Infrastructure Strategy a new local environmental plan 2006–07 to 2015–16 identifies within the next two-to-five years. infrastructure projects in the short- These local environmental plans CONTRIBUTIONS to-medium term that (among will contain the detailed zoning Funds collected from other things) support population and development controls to contributions from development growth and demographic change guide development, and must be in greenfield areas, will be used in the Lower Hunter. A list of consistent with the Lower Hunter for regional infrastructure and projects from this Strategy is Regional Strategy. be consistent with the State contained in Appendix 2. Infrastructure Strategy, and Section 117 of the Environmental approved biodiversity outcomes. The Regional Strategy sets Planning and Assessment Act out the agreed position of the 1979 allows the Minister for Where a development or Government over the future Planning to direct the content rezoning increases the need of the Lower Hunter Region of an LEP. This is likely to be for State infrastructure, the and is recognised by the State the mechanism by which local Minister for Planning may Infrastructure Strategy as a long environmental plans will be require a contribution from the term planning strategy to be used required to be consistent with development, having regard to the by State agencies and public the Regional Strategy. More State Infrastructure Strategy and trading enterprises to plan for the detailed matters not covered in equity considerations. future infrastructure needs of the the Regional Strategy will be dealt Region. with by local councils as part of Funds collected by councils their own local strategic planning. through section 94 contributions IMPLEMENTATION BY plans and levies will be used URBAN DEVELOPMENT to fund local infrastructure COUNCILS and achieve local biodiversity PROGRAM The Lower Hunter Regional outcomes. Strategy provides the framework Detailed planning by local and context for statutory planning councils, in liaison with the

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 43 14

Monitoring and review

Progress on targets established The Lower Hunter Regional in this Regional Strategy will be Strategy is to be comprehensively monitored annually. The delivery reviewed every five years, so that of new housing and employment it can adjust to any demographic lands will also be monitored and economic changes. This annually as part of the Urban will assist local councils will Development Program, so that their five-yearly review of local an appropriate additional supply environmental plans, required of new residential land can be under recent reforms to the rezoned and brought into supply planning system. as needed.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 44 sustainability A1 Appendix 1 criteria

The following Sustainability Criteria allow The Sustainability Criteria represent the proposal satisfies the Sustainability the Government to take strong positions a clear list of matters that any new Criteria. As with all rezoning proposals in relation to matters of urban settlement proposal will be assessed against. the Department of Planning requires a in the Lower Hunter confident in the thorough assessment of the merits of knowledge that innovative development In order that a development proposal the proposal by the LEP Review Panel, proposals can still be considered even can be considered against the as well as requiring public consultation though they may be outside of the Sustainability Criteria it will be necessary through the statutory processes as set regional strategy process. to demonstrate to the local council, out in the Environmental Planning and as well as the State Government, that Assessment Act 1979.

Threshold sustainability criteria for any proposed development site outside designated areas in regional strategies Measurable explanation of criteria 1. Infrastructure Provision • Development is consistent with any regional strategy, subregional strategy, State Infrastructure Strategy, or section 117 direction. Mechanisms in place to ensure utilities, transport, open space and • The provision of infrastructure (utilities, transport, open space and communication are provided in a communications) is costed and economically feasible based on Government timely and efficient way methodology for determining infrastructure development contributions. • Preparedness to enter into development agreement. 2. Access • Accessibility of the area by public transport and/or appropriate road access in terms of: Accessible transport options for efficient and sustainable travel > Location/land use — to existing networks and related activity centres. between homes, jobs, services and > Network — the area’s potential to be serviced by economically efficient recreation to be existing or provided transport services. > Catchment — the area’s ability to contain, or form part of the larger urban area which contains adequate transport services. Capacity for land use/ transport patterns to make a positive contribution to achievement of travel and vehicle use goals. • No net negative impact on performance of existing subregional road, bus, rail, ferry and freight network. 3. Housing Diversity • Contributes to the geographic market spread of housing supply, including any government targets established for aged, disabled or affordable housing. Provide a range of housing choices to ensure a broad population can be housed 4. Employment Lands • Maintain or improve the existing level of subregional employment self-containment. Provide regional/local employment opportunities to support the Lower • Meets subregional employment projections. Hunter’s expanding role in the wider > Employment-related land is provided in appropriately zoned areas. regional and NSW economies 5. Avoidance of Risk • No residential development within 1:100 floodplain. Land use conflicts, and risk to human • Avoidance of physically constrained land, e.g. health and life, avoided > high slope > highly erodible. • Avoidance of land use conflicts with adjacent existing or future land use as planned under relevant subregional or regional strategy. • Where relevant available safe evacuation route (flood and bushfire).

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 45 A1

6. Natural Resources • Demand for water within infrastructure capacity to supply water and does not place unacceptable pressure on environmental flows. Natural resource limits not exceeded/environmental • Demonstrates most efficient/suitable use of land: footprint minimised > avoids identified significant agricultural land > Avoids productive resource lands — extractive industries, coal, gas and other mining, and quarrying. • Demand for energy does not place unacceptable pressure on infrastructure capacity to supply energy — requires demonstration of efficient and sustainable supply solution.

7. Environmental Protection • Consistent with Government-approved Regional Conservation Plan (if available). Protect and enhance biodiversity, air quality, heritage and waterway health • Maintains or improves areas of regionally significant terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity (as mapped and agreed by DEC). This includes regionally significant vegetation communities, critical habitat, threatened species, populations, ecological communities and their habitats. • Maintain or improve existing environmental condition for air quality. • Maintain or improve existing environmental condition for water quality: > consistent with community water quality objectives for recreational water use and river health (DEC and CMA) > consistent with catchment and stormwater management planning (CMA and council). • Protects areas of Aboriginal cultural heritage value (as agreed by DEC).

8. Quality and Equity in Services • Available and accessible services: Quality health, education, legal, > Do adequate services exist? recreational, cultural and community > Are they at capacity or is some capacity available? development and other Government > Has Government planned and budgeted for further service provision? services are accessible > Developer funding for required service upgrade/access is available.

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 46 major infrastructure A2 Appendix 2 projects

State Infrastructure Strategy 2006- Transport Nelson Bay Road, Tourle Street Bridge 07 to 2015-16 projects in the Lower Rail replacement, Mayfield Hunter Regional Strategy area 14 new Hunter fleet rail cars, New England Highway, Weakleys Drive Human Services Broadmeadow interchange, Beresfield Health Country regional network — capital Newcastle Inner City Bypass, Shortland Belmont Hospital — transitional care unit works maintenance to Sandgate refurbishment Easy access, Broadmeadow Pacific Highway F3 to Raymond Terrace Belmont Hospital — upgrade Glendale rail/transport interchange Hexham (State and Federal Funding) Cessnock Hospital — GP clinic Newcastle rail corridor upgrade Pedestrian facilities, Hexham John Hunter Hospital — early works Safety and reliability works — Pedestrian facilities, Swansea package Broadmeadow endeavour cars service Road pavement reconstruction John Hunter Hospital — forensic centre upgrade Hillsborough Road, Warners Bay John Hunter Hospital — second access Ferry / Maritime Road pavement reconstruction Maitland Mater Hospital — redevelopment Former tug berth 4, Newcastle upgrade Road, Neath–Abermain including radiation oncology and mental for community Road pavement reconstruction, health services Stockton boat harbour Newcastle Raymond Terrace Road Newcastle Community Health Centre — safety upgrade Electricity Education Ports Transmission Ashtonfield Public School — new school Basin warehouse cranes Tomago–Stroud 132KV new Belmont High School new hall/ Boat dock heritage work transmission line gymnasium Electronic data management system Tomago 330KV new transformer Callaghan College Jesmond Campus K3 environmental improvements Distribution — upgrade Stage 3 Mooring dolphins Kooragang No. 2 berth 2006–07 Beresfield and Tomago 132 KV Class Size Reduction Program — Nobby’s — EOI associated works feeder augmentation installation of new primary classroom Pilot station jetty replacement Adamstown replace substation buildings, Jewells and Salamander Bay Quick release hooks equipment Glendale TAFE — child studies facility Swell analysis and under-keel clearance Argenton new substation Hunter School of Performing Arts system Beresfield 132/33 KV substation — upgrade facilities including new Tippler house rail connection Broadmeadow substation increase performance space Newcastle port redevelopment capacity Maitland TAFE — replacement Roads Catherine Hill Bay — new zone accommodation for information & Bridge repair Hunter River, Morpeth substation communication technology Bridge repair Paterson River, Hinton City Main 33KV supply Newcastle TAFE — access and egress Bridge widening, Cessnock — Branxton Elermore Vale new 132 KV supply upgrade; Block F refurbishment; Road, Pokolbin Kooragang Island — rebuild supply from campus development Stage 1 Bridge widening, Cessnock — Branxton 33KV to 132 KV Raymond Terrace Public School upgrade Road, Middle Creek Kurri 132/33KV — redevelop Ageing, Disability and Home Care Bus priority, Jewells transmission switchyard Fit-out (clients with challenging Cycleway development, Port Stephens Kurri — replace 132/33KV replace behaviours), Maitland Cycleway development, Wallsend transformers Group homes for children, Cooranbong Five Islands Road, Booragul to Speers Kurri — zone substation uprating Group homes for clients, Newcastle Point, Teralba Maryland 132/11KV new substation Refurbishment of large residences, Hunter River third crossing, Maitland Morisset 11KV network augmentation Stockton Intersection improvement, Hexham and conversion to 132KV Upgrade group homes, Maitland Intersection improvement, Kotara New 33KV feeder from Tomago to Nelson Upgrade respite centres, Raymond Lake Road, Fennell Bay to Booragul, Bay Terrace Lake Macquarie New zone substation, Cameron Park National Highway extension, F3 Freeway, New zone substation, Croudace Bay Justice Seahampton, Branxton (State and New zone substation, Mayfield North Attorney General’s federal funding) Paxton zone substation capacity Court upgrade, Newcastle Nelson Bay Road, MR108 Bobs Farm to augmentation Police Anna Bay, dual carriageway RAAF Williamtown 33KV supply Port Stephens Police Station development

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 47 A2

Raymond Terrace 33KV supply Concept design of Newcastle wet Priority sewerage program design development weather pumping — Paxton wastewater treatment Replacement of City Main zone Customer information system (CIS) Priority sewerage program detail design substation, Newcastle project, Newcastle Ellalong Rothbury permanent 132KV substation Dora Creek effluent transfer system to Raymond Terrace Stage 2 construction and Tanilba bay 33/11KV new zone substation Toronto — construction design and 33KV feeder Dora Creek optimisation works Raymond Terrace upgrade plant Stages 2 Telarah zone substation refurbishment Dora Creek upgrade plant construction and 3 construction and capacity increase Dora Creek wastewater system Stage 1 Raymond Terrace wastewater treatment Thornton 33/11KV new substation upgrades — design works upgrade Stage 2 Tomaree 132KV supply conversion from Dora Creek wastewater system upgrade Recommission Whitebridge pump station 33KV — design and construct Redhead and Branxton No. 2 wastewater Waratah 132/33KV substation Dora Creek wastewater treatment works pumping station redevelopment effluent main — detail Rehabilitation of Toronto No. 1 rising main Dora Creek wastewater treatment works Replace 120m of watermain at Cockle Generation upgrade — concept Creek, Boolaroo Eraring Power Station ash dam Dudley/Charlestown wastewater system Replace Chichester source watermain, extension works Stage 1 upgrade — design Tarro–Shortland — design Water Edgeworth and Cardiff wastewater Replacement of 325mm mild-steel Hunter Water system upgrade — design concrete-lined main, Neath 2x500mm trunkmain, Buttai to Telarah Edgeworth sewer main augmentation Screenings washing equipment at Burwood 300mm trunkmain from Tomaree Edgeworth wastewater treatment works Beach, Merewether distribution system inlet upgrade Shortland No. 1 wastewater pumping 375mm trunkmain augmentation — Four F3 to Branxton freeway link relocations station upgrade — concept/design Mile Creek to Thornton Fern Bay sewerage Stockton to Shortland wastewater 500mm trunkmain augmentation Grahamstown Dam — balickera treatment works — Stoney Pinch to Ashtonfield automated screens Thornton North recycled water scheme Aberglasslyn trunk watermain, Karuah Grahamstown Dam Stage 2 design Additional reservoir at Anna Bay Grahamstown Dam Stage 2 — Newline Thornton North recycled water scheme Belmont wastewater treatment works Road delivery main refurbishment clarifiers Grahamstown pre-treatment — concept Tomago treatment plant aquifer storage Belmont wastewater treatment works, design and recovery Stage 3 construction upgrade Increase capacity of reservoir and delivery Tomaree water pump station modifications Belmont wastewater treatment works, main Wallarah and trunk mains upgrade Kitchener sewerage scheme — construction Wallalong system augmentation — Beresfield Stage 1 upgrade construction Kurri Kurri Stage 2 upgrade — additional concept/design Beresfield/Stoney Pinch main clarifier Wallsend water pump station upgrade augmentation Lochinvar sewerage scheme — — design and construct Boulder Bay wastewater treatment works construction Wallsend water pumping station — upgrade concept/design Medowie wastewater system upgrade concept/detail design Branxton wastewater treatment works Merewether odour control Windale No. 2 waste water pumping station upgrade concept/detailed design Millfield to Wollombi Road trunkmain upgrade — design Broadmeadow Road watermain Morpeth wastewater system upgrade Warners Bay Valentine wastewater system relocations (Energy Australia) Morpeth upgrade plant Stage 2 design amplification Burwood Beach clarifier refurbishment, Morpeth wastewater system upgrade Windale to Belmont wastewater treatment Merewether Stage 1 construction system Burwood Beach screenings washing, Morpeth wastewater treatment works Windale/Gateshead wastewater pump Merewether Stage 2 upgrade strategy station — design and construct Burwood Beach wastewater treatment Newcastle system Stage 1 upgrade Winding Creek Stormwater Basin No. 5, works upgrade design, Merewether — construction Cardiff Buttai Reservoir bottom inlet, Maitland North Rothbury water pump station Cardiff No. 1 wastewater pump station contstruction construct and design Northlakes water servicing strategy Cessnock wastewater treatment works Park Street Charlestown sewer — and Cessnock No. 1 construction

LOWER HUNTER REGIONAL STRATEGY — PAGE 48

2006–31

Inquiries: 02 4904 2700 PO Box 1226 Newcastle NSW 2300 Fax: 02 4904 2701 Further Information Department of Planning Email: [email protected]