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Issue No 14 NEWSLETTER Friends of Perth & Council Archive

Honorary Presidents: Bob Scott, Provost of Perth & Kinross Council and Sir William Macpherson of Cluny and Blairgowrie

Welcome to the summer issue of the newsletter With the new session starting, we can look back on a turbulent few months for the Friends - sadly, we’ve lost some highly regarded members, but happily too, we’ve gained some new members, many of whom are already proving to be supportive and active members. Our thanks go to all the speakers who contributed to last season’s excellent programme of talks, which was crowned at the AGM by Miss Fothergill’s extremely interesting and informative presentation on Edwardian Perth. The AGM heard the sad announcement of Archie Martin’s death. It also saw the retiral of our Chairman, Donald Abbott and committee member Marion Stavert. Our sincere thanks to them both for giving of their time and energy to guide the Friends through its first steps. We are very pleased that both Marion and Donald still intend to be actively supportive of the Friends and the Council Archive. Our new Chairman is Jim Ferguson, and new committee members are Morag Sweet, Gavin Lindsay and Rev Brian Dingwall. All are active volunteers with the Friends and we look forward to the new committee’s plans. Members of the Friends can of course keep up with any developments by viewing copies of the committee minutes which are available in the Archive search room. Inside this issue, you’ll find an article by our outgoing Chairman, a very interesting paper on the ‘battle for the post’, details of events to come and information about activities in the Council Archive. I hope you enjoy it - feel free to send us your comments, or any tales you would like to share.

A. H. Martin, 1922-2004

I am sorry to have to report the death of our much esteemed committee member, Archie Martin. He was born in St Andrews, but had resided in Perth for the last 55 years. He had a distinguished career in local government, including 22 years as the Town Clerk of Perth before his appointment as the first Chief Executive of Tayside Regional Council. In fact, Archie is well documented in the archives. He continued to play a prominent role in many of the city’s organisations after retirement and when he agreed to serve on the first committee we were very fortunate to have such an experienced and respected figure. He had indicated his willingness to serve for another term, but sadly this was not to be. At the AGM Donald Abbott paid warm tribute to a “fine gentleman”. The committee will miss his wise counsel almost as much as the pleasure of his company.

Perth & Kinross Council Archive, AK Bell Library, York Place, Perth PH2 8EP Tel: 01738 477012, Email: [email protected] www.pkc.gov.uk/library/fpkca/index..htm News from the Archive

Recent accessions The Archive is fortunate in that we regularly receive deposits and gifts of material that are of local, and sometimes national, interest. Many deposits are accruals to our collections, such as Gordon Booth’s Comrie Papers, which receive regular updates. Deposits of estate papers, such as those of Stewart of Balnakeilly, relate closely to other collections and greatly help illuminate the all aspects of life in the region. As do smaller gifts, such as the accounts book of William McLaren, a joiner in working in the mid-19C. All our accessions, large and small, serve to preserve and enlighten our heritage and with the help of Friends’ volunteers will be listed and available as soon as is possible. Other accessions to the Archive over the past twelve months include:

 Discharge and obligation of the Trustees for the Bridge of Perth to the Town of Perth, 1768  Ephemera relating to the Salvation Army, Perth  Fire Insurance Policies ledgers of Perth Central Bank, c1843-1889  Ms typescript and notes of ‘Close-up of ’  programmes for 2002-2004 season  Letter from Thomas Hay Marshall to Alex Fechney, 1805

Listing in progress  Blairgowrie Barony Council Papers, c.1800-1900  P&K Council Housing plans, 1940s-1990s  Perth Congregational Church, 19-20 centuries  Charlotte Dunn Diaries, 1940s-1980s  Amenities Association, 1970s-1980s

Recently listed collections:  MS14/ 50 ‘: The First Seventy Years’ Ms typescript and associated databases

Other News

The Threipland Papers As you are all probably aware, P&K Council Archive have been successful in winning an award of nearly £50,000 from the Heritage Lottery Fund to survey, list and produce finding aids and research tools for the Threipland Papers. It’s been a long drawn-out process, and we’ve recently passed the final stage by gaining permission from the Council to accept the award and advertise for a professional cataloguer for a twenty-month contract, hopefully starting at the beginning of August. So Friends, keep watching this space, and before long MS169 The Threipland Papers will be among the list of recently catalogued collections!

CALM This is a new database that has been developed specifically for use by archives, museums and libraries. The main catalogue table allows each collection, or even each item within a collection to be recorded, along with related administrative tables allowing us to record information about each accession and who are our depositors and benefactors, as well as record all our productions. At the moment, CALM is installed on one pc in the Archive, and work is underway to retro-record our accessions and associated data. Similarly, we are working on updating those collections which have already been entered onto the database. Depending on our progress in the office as well as national developments in terms of financial support and strategy, hopefully we will eventually be able to extend CALM so it can be used on all the office pcs and the catalogue be made available to remote users via our website. The latter is a distant dream, but meanwhile we are doing our best to enter the electronic age and help improve our services to the public.

Letters and Comments

Letter to Anne Holland (see Issue No.13)

Dear Anne I enjoyed reading your reminiscences of Union Street Lane. I, too, have happy memories of that part of the world. My Granny (nanny, to us) Louina McDougall, lived at 16 Union Street Lane and we lived there with her until my parents got one of the new prefabs at Potterhill after the war. I well remember Fenwick’s bakehouse, especially the big lorrie which delivered the flour. They had to negotiate the narrow lane from the Dundee Road end and somehow turn the corner to get out on to Commercial Street. They used to park outside our door to off-load the sacks, and there was little room left to squeeze past. I also remember going for rolls in the morning and seeing the oven fires blazing away. The outside wall of the bakehouse was where I Practised my ball throwing skills - I don’t think I accomplished ‘doublers’ until later in life! Have you seen the photographs of Union Street Lane which are in the archives? They were taken just before demolition and it looks a very sad area; but in my imagination I was able to bring it to life by remembering the people I had known living there. Yours sincerely Marjory Howat (nee White) Jan - Is there any chance of reproducing one of the Union Street Lane photos in the newsletter?

With pleasure, Marjory - they’re on the next page

If you have any letters, comments or questions about the articles that appear in the newsletter, or would like to contribute your own articles or letters, please send them to Jan Merchant, Assistant Archivist, Perth & Kinross Council Archive, AK Bell Library, York Place, Perth PH2 8EP, or email to [email protected] Above: View down Union Street Lane L/1/109/16

Right: 16 Union Street Lane L/1/109/17 Postal History in Strathearn* Dr James Grant

Any historical study is every bit an exercise of the imagination as it is of assimilating facts. It should be a process whereby we create images supported by facts and artefacts, which provide a fascinating view of some aspects of the past. If the exercise is thorough and in-depth, it might bear some relevance to the present, and even possibly the future. Above all, the historical process must be enjoyable to those who undertake to involve themselves in it. Postal historians feel that their interest more than fulfils these objectives. My interest in the story of the ‘battle for the posts’ in Strathearn was fired by ARB Haldane, who first mentioned the tale in his publication Three Centuries of Scottish Posts. Able to spend some time in , I had the unselfish help of Jean Ferrugia of The Post Office Archives, (now Consignia Heritage) who gave me complete access to the files she had given to Dr Haldane years before when he was writing his book. She remembers him well, and I think I was fortunate to benefit from some of the goodwill that he had generated within the Archive’s staff. All the correspondence concerning the ‘battle’ was contained in one box, and it was fascinating to handle and read them and to think that these 200 year old letters, and the matters that they had referred to had significant influence on the map of Strathearn, right to this day. To paint in some background of Scottish postal history, a convenient starting point is the year 1603 when and England were united under one king. James VI was to leave Scotland in the beginning of May of that year, and never return. It left problems, however, because now there were two parts of a joint kingdom to be governed. He had his council and court officials in London, and his Privy Council in Scotland. Regular and speedy communications between the two capitals were essential and to this end the King now decreed that post should be established along the great north road to provide horses for his couriers and to convey despatches. The posts in Scotland were set up at Cocksburnpath Haddington, and at the Cannongate, . The register of the Privy Council shows that John Killoch, indweller in the Cannongate appeared before the Lords of the Council and entered into a contract to carry packets and letters from Edinburgh to his Majesty King James in England. This was the King’s post and was initially at least nominally limited to the service of the king and his court business. It was not until some years later that the public were officially allowed to use it. To help run the service, the Privy Council requested the public, especially those living between Edinburgh and Berwick to deliver, when requested, any of their horses to such a ride post and in return the couriers, riding by commission, had to pay two shillings and sixpence in Scots per mile and also the guide’s groat four pence. Moreover ‘no person was to hinder, stop or impede but give place and keep off the way and give free passage to all who ride post, either in carrying packets or otherwise’. With the death of James VI in 1625, there were some attempts to expand the postal service to the public in England, and to a lesser degree in Scotland, but the political turmoil, civil war etc., resulted in no system being established which managed to survive until the restoration of Charles II. The first keeper of the letter office, as he was known in Edinburgh, was a man called Robert Mein who in 1662 was appointed to establish a line of posts between Edinburgh and the port for Ireland; these were set up in Linlithgow, Kilsyth, Glasgow, Kilmarnock, Ballantrae and Portpatrick. The charges were two shillings Scots for internal mail, and six shillings for mail to Ireland. As the average labourer’s wage was approximately one shilling per week, it was unlikely that the service did not consist of letters enquiring after people’s health! Various people bid for the post office, as was the custom; if you had sufficient money, you could take over the post office for rent payable to the government and derive an income from carrying letters. In 1689 John Blair, an apothecary in Edinburgh, obtained the post office for seven years at a cost of 5100 mercs, approximately £1200. He appointed the first postmaster in Perth, Robert Anderson, a glover who lived in the High Street, and instructed him to set up the first local office in this part of the country. It was while Blair was Postmaster General that the very first hand struck stamp was used in the Scottish service. The Scottish postal towns were entitled to use such stamps with there own names on them from the early 1700’s, but it was not until 1725 that the first such is recorded from Aberdeen. The stamps were made out of boxwood and they used linseed oil and lamp black to make the ink which the stamp was dipped in and then fixed to the letter. The postal service was appallingly rudimentary. By 1715 there were only foot posts in Scotland except on the main north road from London via Edinburgh. However, in 1736, a horse post must have been running beyond Edinburgh as the magistrates in Perth wrote to their MP, John Drummond, complaining that the two post boys travelled three times weekly the twenty long miles between Perth and Queensferry, were paid only 2/3d Scots for each return journey and on this princely sum could not maintain themselves and their horses. Mr Drummond was asked to give an increase of a shilling per journey, which he appears to have refused, causing a halt to the service; four years later the magistrates were again petitioning and pleading for their horse posts to be restored. At the time of the ’45 rebellion, the post office was the property if one Robert Morrison who conducted his duties from a stationer’s shop in the High Street. We know he was open from 8 in the morning until 8 at night and on Sunday opened between noon and 1.15pm, ‘to hand letters out only’. The same source also informs us that he sold a diverse range of goods such as books, bibles, shining sand, Turlington’s drops and white wafers. During the ’45, Morrison is reported as being so determined to avoid becoming embroiled that he closed the post office. After the rebellion he was known to testify against the followers of Prince Charlie, but he remained as postmaster until his death in 1791, serving a total of 46 years. During the eighteenth, and to a lesser extent the nineteenth, centuries postal services, roads and development were totally and completely interwoven. Overall development was partly under the control of the turnpike trusts, comprising local landowners and businessmen with the power to maintain and develop local roads under an act of Parliament which also gave them power to levy tolls and other charges. Thus self-interest came into play. A successful petition to the Postmaster General in Edinburgh for a local postal service, signed by the worthies and gentlemen of the district, was vital to the development of the community. Obtain a service, and the revenue would aid further road development and improve trade and commerce. In other words, if there was almost no post, there was no road – and vice versa. This was the crux of the matter for many hundreds of local communities in the eighteenth century. In 1711, there were 34 post offices in Scotland, the number slowly rising to 160 by 1797. Only when Francis Freeling came on the scene was there any dramatic improvement. Freeling was initially surveyor general to the post office in London and subsequently Postmaster General, serving the post office from 1789 to 1836 and shaping the service more than anyone else. He took the post office from a corrupt, virtually medieval foot service to a nationwide, universally used system, which was on the brink of adhesives, prepayment and eventual post union. He lived to see the early signs of the massive changes that modern communication, in the form of railways, would bring. He approved hundreds of post offices and in doing so allowed and encouraged development of dozens upon dozens of small towns and communities. He lived very much for what he believed and was right when he wrote, ‘the postage of a great trading nation’s letters is undoubtedly to some major degree a kind of political pulse whereby to judge, increase or decrease of the public wealth of commerce’. While Perth had the first post office north of Edinburgh by 1683, Stirling had established one by the end of the eighteenth century and foot posts went from Stirling to and Stirling to by the 1770s. The post office in Auchterarder was established in 1773, but if a letter was sent from there or from Crieff to Perth, it would have been taken to Edinburgh via Stirling, then from the capital to its destination. Letters were paid for by the recipient according to the distance travelled so it seemed a reasonable proposal to reduce the distance by having a direct post from Stirling to Perth. On a map, the straightest distance would have been via Auchterarder, but the ‘battle for the posts’ is one riven with self-interest and stupidity, one that may have seriously affected the development of Auchterarder for fifty years , and which probably still to this day has resulted in an imbalance in development. One of the first letters in the archive collection used for this article was the memorial from George Haldane (ancestor to ARB Haldane) to Francis Edwards, who was the surveyor of the post office in Edinburgh. Dated 13 January 1792, it stated that there was no direct post in the western half of Strathearn and approximately 40,000 people were consequently deprived. Haldane reminded Mr Edwards that a direct service was first suggested in 1773 when Auchterarder established its first ‘receiving house’ or post office, but had been turned down repeatedly despite representations in London. The sum of £14 8s per year had been allowed to set up the post between Stirling and Auchterarder and the sum had not changed for twenty years. Nor did the post between Stirling and Crieff generate sufficient income to cover its costs. It was pointed out that in 1787 the direct post was proposed at the general county meeting in Perth and that a survey had supported the proposal. Mr Oliphant, the Postmaster General in Edinburgh, had not objected but begged delay until Mr Palmer, the Controller General of the Post Office, should arrive in Edinburgh and discuss the matter. By 1790, it seemed he had still not arrived as nothing had been done. From the correspondence, it would seem that between 1791 and 1792, when Haldane wrote to Mr Edwards, the main problem was financial, with Edinburgh considerably apprehensive about the costs of a new service. A further survey was carried out in response to Mr Haldane’s letter, and by a Mr Palmer. Also, a committee was established whose members included the Duke of Atholl, the Earl of Breadalbane, Sir William Murray of , as well as Mr Smyth of Methven Castle and George Haldane of . The committee proposed that six times a week a horse post should run from Stirling to Auchterarder and three times a week from Auchterarder to Crieff via the Bridge of Ardoch in order to catch the main post. They estimated that it would cost £80 per year, but the income generated would soon exceed this. The Home Secretary, Henry Dundas, was actually in the county when the committee met, and gave the proposal his hearty ‘approbation’. He said that he would take the proposal to London and recommend it to the Postmaster General. There is little doubt that the proposed new postal service was the best and probably the most cost effective one available. But by March 1793, again nothing has happened. A further exasperated letter from Haldane to Francis Freeling questions the lack of progress and cites the support of the surveyors and the county committee who had all supported the concept of a direct post from Perth to Stirling via Auchterarder. Why has this not happened? Haldane also mentions that he has written to Dundas, but he has been too busy to reply. In May, Freeling replied to Haldane, stating that he strongly supported his and the committee’s suggestion and would put it to the postmaster generals in London for their approval. Again, the postscript mentions the Home Secretary, saying ‘I have put it to Mr Dundas as he has interested himself personally, I will let him know finally of the success of Mr Haldane’s application’. It might be supposed that with the backing of Francis Freeling, the County Committee and Henry Dundas, probably the most powerful man in Scotland, the institution of the postal service would be a foregone conclusion. Not so. Without informing any of the committee of which he was a member and whose decision he had agreed to, Mr Smythe of Methven Castle wrote to Freeling in August. He wrote that though the post going via Auchterarder rather than Crieff was slightly shorter, he felt that Mr Haldane had exaggerated the distance by at least four to five miles, and that it could not make a difference in the time of the post by more than half an hour. He felt that the people of Crieff would be greatly disadvantaged by the service even though they were going to receive a more direct service on a regular basis. He thus proposed the service should go via Crieff rather than Auchterarder. Smythe got the support of Oliphant in Edinburgh - the man who had been so reluctant in the first place to initiate the post despite being authorised to do. There is no evidence to show why, but Freeling was confronted by objections to his original plans, and by support for these objections from the Scottish Postmaster General. The correspondence shows he was considerably upset by this, making the point that over the years the postmaster generals in London had been in favour of the original proposals on three separate occasions. He makes the comment that the objectors ‘have been so fortunate as to make several rare discoveries in this matter, and they have found that it is better that the post should go six or seven miles round, than take the direct and shortest line which will be 15 or 16 miles. The roundabout road will be less troublesome and expensive than the straight one, and that the interest of the many should be sacrificed for a supposed interest of the few, even though at the bottom it has no foundation.’ It was pointed out that there were perhaps 40,000 people in Auchterarder, , , Blackford, Callander, Bonhill, Dunblane and forty noblemen and gentlemen’s families who would all have immediate advantage of the post via Auchterarder, besides all the large towns lying at a greater distance. This was in contrast with the opposition of Mr Smythe, who had been joined in his objections by Mr Graham of Balgowan, who would reap benefit, and not much more than 3,000 people who lived on the road from Crieff to Perth. However, because of these objections, and other suspected pressures, a new County meeting was called to reconsider the proposals. Held in Perth on 9 September 1793, tradition has it that because it was during harvest, Mr Haldane’s supporters could not make the journey, while Mr Smythe could pack the meeting. Whatever the truth of the matter, the vote went 32 for Crieff and only 6 for Auchterarder. Freeling, once he knew of the decision, wrote with exasperation to the Postmaster General in London: ‘the reasons were very general, and I think the main reason was the convenience of Crieff’. He also noted that Mr Haldane’s proposals were self-evidently the best, and suggested that Henry Dundas be asked his opinion. We do not know if Dundas gave an opinion, or if he changed his support. We can only surmise that at this early stage in Freeling’s career, he did not feel he could recommend going against the last vote. Neither do we know if there were any pressures exerted by Smythe on Edinburgh, or indeed precisely why the vote was so overwhelmingly in favour of Crieff. Whatever the politics and manoeuvring, Crieff received the crown office, it obtained the new road development, and received a regular mail coach, whereas Auchterarder was served by a horse post via the Bridge of Ardoch three times a week for the next forty years. Did it make all that difference? Maps of Strathearn prior to 1790 show that there was not a great deal of difference in the sizes of the two burghs. Whereas maps of the 1820s show that Crieff has dramatically grown, whereas Auchterarder remained virtually the same size.

*The original version of this paper was first presented to Perth Rotary Club, 1992

Aberdeenshire and beyond , Connections Donald M Abbott

The connection of Margaret Gray in Pitcoag, in the Carse of Gowrie with an Aberdeenshire family is an interesting one. Margaret had been brought up on the farm tenanted by her father, Patrick Gray and information provided from Australian relatives claims she was an educated young lady with a good knowledge of Latin. It is known that a number of rural schools in the Carse of Gowrie had Latin on their curriculum, but I'm unsure whether or not she attended school in Errol or at the nearer St Madoes; it seems unlikely that she attended school at nearby Cottown, the building now owned by the National Trust for Scotland. Margaret's father was a direct descendant of the Grays of Gray. I do have a badly restored photograph of her in later life. The start of the Aberdeenshire begins in 1836 and Margaret’s marriage to Alexander Pirie, then gardener and overseer to Lord Ruthven at Strathallan (formerly Freeland). They lived in after marriage where my gt granny Margaret Pirie, later Abbott, was born. Alexander moved on and worked for the Perth firm of Dickson & Turnbull whose later shop many readers might well remember used to trade in Hospital Street. Alexander Pirie had been born in 1805 at Chapel of Garioch. The Piries were said to have been descended from three Huguenot brothers, one of whom had settled in Dundee and the other two in Aberdeenshire; I have some very limited proof of this from the research of others, but nothing absolutely definitive. Pirie is a well-known North East name, particularly in the coastal fishing communities and in Aberdeen itself. Alexander had three younger siblings, but he was the only one who appeared to move away from near his home airt. Alexander moved to Brechin to manage Dickson and Turnbull’s nursery there. Interestingly, this extensive nursery was then located in the Upper West Wynd and Timber Market, later St David Street and Market Street. When he was there, the site contained a house said to have been a ‘hospitium’ of the Knights Templar and the feu held then was from the Earl of Torpichen as representative of the Knights Templar in the mid 1800s. This building later became the Crown Inn and originally had a small iron cross on the top of its highest chimney. Alexander and Margaret and their growing family enjoyed a good living as Alexander left Dickson & Turnbull and established his own market garden business. Alexander was also a leading light in the formation of the West Free Church of Scotland in Brechin, post the Disruption of 1843. Unfortunately, he died of typhus in 1869. After his death, the family moved to Dundee and his two sons emigrated eventually to Queensland. One of them, Alexander Leith Ross Foote Pirie (note the name for later), becoming the Mayor of Mackay (then Port Mackay) in 1892. As a ship's carpenter he had sailed often from Dundee and he and his brother John emigrated in 1882. He brought his wife and own family of five to Australia on the steamship Merkara, leaving Plymouth on 24 October 1883 and arriving in Cookstown on 12 December. Their several sisters had remained in Dundee and had married; their descendants today are widespread, as are those of their brothers. The Minister of the West Free Church in Brechin had been the Rev. Alexander Leith Ross Foote, one time Minister at Fettercairn but later of the Free Church of 1843, and we can now see from where Alexander Leith Ross Foote Pirie obtained his name (the site of his church is now a car park opposite Brechin Cathedral). Another Perthshire connection comes via the second wife of the Reverend gentleman who in fact had married three times. His second wife was Jessie, daughter of Andrew Murray of Murrayshall (over the hills from Pitcoag); she had died on 9 October 1855 leaving issue. The portrait of this Minister was in the Mechanics Hall, Brechin at one time, but I have no idea whether or not that remains the case today. The Perthshire connections thus leap out of this little tale starting at Pitcoag in the Carse of Gowrie, then Strathallan and Forgandenny, Perth (and Brechin) with the Dickson & Turnbull link and finishing obliquely at Murrayshall. It is amazing how widely cast family nets become and the very many coincidences that catch the attention of the researcher. I am sure that many of our members of the Friends have found similar coincidences and links, and if so please let us hear about them by providing Jan Merchant with some articles for future newsletters. Pens, or pcs to paper please.

Auchterarder Anecdotes: the tales they told*

BRIDGE: The story is told of Mrs James Callum of Ben Affray, enjoying family bridge in the early 1930s. In the evening she often cradled her baby girl on one arm, handling her cards with the other. According to Hamish, the baby’s brother, the little girl’s first word was ‘Pass’!

SCHOOL CHILDREN were not always well behaved. They demanded their rights. For instance - by making a great noise in the playground - charging around in circles chanting, ‘The 25th May is the Queen’s birthday! If we don’t get a holiday, we’ll all run away!' This was Queen Mary, George V’s spouse, of course. The demonstration usually paid off. [In Dundee around 1912, school children went on strike. Does anyone know if the same happened in Perth or elsewhere? - Editor]

*First published in the Auchterarder Newsletter. With thanks to Dr Joan Macintosh Diary of Events 2004-2005

Friends of Perth & Kinross Council Archive

Saturday 21 August 2004 Summer Outing to Inerpeffray Library nr. Crieff 2pm See back page

Tuesday 19 October 2004 Meeting Room, AK Bell Library, Perth 7pm ‘The Auchinlecks of Perthshire’

David Affleck

More events will be detailed in the winter newsletter

Tay Valley Family History Society

Meetings Wednesdays at 7.15 p m at University of Abertay, Bell Street, Dundee

15 September 2004 "Researching in Highland Perthshire" Kay Liney.

20 October 2004 "Not just an Ag. Lab" Jim Black

17 November 2004 "Scottish Catholic Heritage in the East" Andrew Nicoll.

19 January 2005 "WW1 Battlefield Tour" Mairi Sheils

16 February 2005 "From Here to Posterity" Janet McBain

16 March "Fife Police Records" Andrew Dowsey

SUMMER OUTING

SATURDAY 21 AUGUST 2PM meet at Innerpeffray Library

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