‑‑ C ol um bia University colle University bia g e of of e p hysicians & s & hysicians

genes u r g eons eons 22,000 proteins

3billionchemical base pairs 400,000

Genetics: Unlocking Medicine’s Potential annual report | 06

grants received A nn Non-Profit Org. u us postage al R e p paid 2006 ort $50Msquare feet of research space New York, NY Permit no. 3593 630 West 168th Street 120,000 detecting Down syndrome New York, NY 10032 87% accuracy

Columbia University Medical Center College of Physicians & Surgeons 2006

Enrollment, Fall 2006 Degrees granted, July 2005 to June 2006 M.D. program 624 M.D. 147 M.D./Ph.D. program 74 M.D./M.P.H. 5 Other M.D. programs 1 M.D./Ph.D. 13 Graduate programs 408 M.D./M.B.A. 4 Ph.D. 66 Full-time faculty 1,895 Doctor of physical therapy 19 Living M.D. alumni 7,726 M.S. in occupational therapy 42 Budget (FY06) $1 billion M.S. in nutrition 19 Endowment $1.192 billion M.S. in biomedical informatics 12 (September 30, 2006) Certificate in psychoanalysis 5 Endowed chairs 158

Research support (FY06) $324.23 million

Unlocking Medicine’s Potential

Office of the Executive Vice President Office of Development for Health and Biomedical Sciences 630 W. 168th Street, P&S Box 48 630 West 168th Street New York, NY 10032 New York, NY 10032 Phone: 212 342-0099 Fax: 212 342-0098 Office of Communications and External Relations P&S Alumni Association 701 West 168th Street, Box 153 630 W. 168th Street, P&S Box 55 New York, NY 10032 New York, NY 10032 Phone: 212 305-3900 Phone: 212 305-3498 Fax: 212 305-4521 Fax: 212 305-8293

2006 Annual Report

Design: h george design, NYC Photography: Robert Glick Writing: Gina Shaw

Produced by the Office of Communications and External Relations at Columbia University Medical Center with assistance from the Development Office and the P&S Alumni Association. Online: www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/ps/annual/ ­­

Genetics: Unlocking Medicine’s Potential annual report | 2006 Columbia University College of Physicans & Surgeons

The potential of genetic medicine is far-reaching, but much work lies ahead to use the human genome as a base for personalized medicine. Work at Columbia is illustrated in this report by three compelling pursuits: seeking the unknown, unlocking the potential, and translating the knowledge. The image at left and on the cover is a fluorescent sequencing chip image from innovative DNA sequencing technology invented by Professor Jingyue Ju, Ph.D., Head of DNA Sequencing and Chemical Biology at the Judith P. Sulzberger, M.D., Columbia Genome Center. This new technology will have the potential of deciphering an entire human genome for just $1,000.

Human DNA has about 22,000 genes.

These genes code for about 400,000 proteins.

3 billion chemical base pairs make up human DNA.

Columbia received nearly $50 million of the $235 million in grants awarded by the NIH for Roadmap projects in 2005.

The Irving Cancer Research Center has 120,000 square feet of research space on nine floors.

The FASTER Trial (First and Second Trimester Evaluation of Risk) involved some 38,000 women at 15 centers nationwide and found that a new prenatal screening method is 87% accurate in detecting Down syndrome in the first trimester. seekingthe Unknown

Entorhinal } Cortex 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 All treatments and diagnostic tools based on genetics must begin with gene discovery – a quest through the recently mapped genome for links, associations35, and previously unknown factors.

Researchers approach gene identification35 in a number of ways.

One of the more creative approaches Columbia researchers35 used this year was a targeted search in an area of the brain known to house the starting line for Alzheimer’s disease.

By using imaging studies to look in the entorhinal35 cortex within the hippocampus, researchers found four genes overexpressed in people with Alzheimer’s disease and zeroedVP in on the one they think is mostS likely associated35 with the disease. ­­

On the Cover 01 Seeking the Unknown 02 Dean’s Letter 05 Introduction 06 Cancer 07 Mental Illness 12 Unlocking the Potential 16 Brain and Nervous System Disorders 18 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease 21 Diseases and Disorders from Infancy to Old Age 25 Translating the Knowledge 28 Centering on Genetic Research 30 Genetics in Education 33 Faculty Honors 34 Year in Highlights 41 Development 46 Trustees Committee on the Health Sciences 52 CUMC Board of Visitors 52 Advisory Council 52

Senior Administration 52 Executive Committee of the Faculty Council 53 Department Chairs 53 Interdepartmental Centers 54 Departmental Centers 54 Affiliated Hospitals 56

 | P&S Annual report 2006 ­­ ­­

From the Dean

On July 1, 2006, it was a all leaders in academic medicine: to make the transition privilege to become dean into “big science” and all that this transition entails, such of the College of Physicians as core facilities, advanced technology, and pre-eminence & Surgeons of Columbia across the spectrum of disciplines. In today’s world, sci- University. The College’s entists and physicians must work in institutions with 21st accomplishments of the 2005- century facilities. The centers that successfully combine 2006 year, described in part expertise and resources will be at the forefront of such in this annual report, demon- fields as genomics and proteomics, computational biol- strate precisely why I feel so ogy, and developmental biology. honored to lead such an extraordinary medical school. We also must reinforce our commitments to educa- Our plan for the College of Physicians & Surgeons tion and to clinical care. Our students are truly spectacu- is to create a supportive environment of the highest lar, and we must upgrade our educational facilities and academic standards, to recruit the best students and faculty, revamp our curriculum if we are to continue to train and to retain the most talented people in their fields. The tomorrow’s leaders. Both of these initiatives have already newest among us as well as the physicians, scientists, and begun under the guidance of our educational leaders. educators who have long devoted their careers to P&S Our new Faculty Practice Organization, formed will thrive in such an environment. Columbia should be shortly after my arrival, is dedicated to improving the recognized as one of the very best academic medical systems in which our outstanding individual physicians centers in the world. practice. Our clinical programs are where we have our Our key challenge as we pursue this goal is to make greatest impact on New York on a day-to-day basis. We what is good at Columbia even better, while investing in take great pride in our broad clinical mission, including additional areas to achieve the breadth of the scientific, our partnership with NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital. We educational, and clinical mission required of the best aca- provide outstanding primary medical care and the most demic medical centers. Some organizations can choose to sophisticated specialty care, and we provide this range of divest from sectors in which they are not already leaders, care to the most vulnerable New Yorkers, who often have but a great medical school needs depth across the entire no other option for medical care, as well as people who range of specialties that are vital to human health. Given could choose to get their care anywhere in the world. the multiple facets of our mission, only a limited number To achieve our lofty goals, we will rely on a com- of medical schools in the world can aspire to greatness in bination of vision and sweat. The vision is making all fields. Columbia must be one of them. Anything less Columbia an exciting place to be – a place on the cutting would be to abandon the ideals to which P&S has aspired edge of science, education, and clinical care. This vision since its founding as the second medical school in the can flourish best when the infrastructure enables results American Colonies. to flow from creativity and hard work. These are self- This past year was a watershed for great scientific reinforcing goals. Simply put, great opportunity will vision at Columbia, particularly in genomics and attract the best to Columbia; a satisfying work environ- proteomics. In a year in which the National Institutes ment will keep them here. of Health awarded some $250 million for its new We must all work together to set priorities that will Roadmap research initiatives in genomics, proteomics, keep Columbia in its rightful position at the pinnacle of and related fields, Columbia received 20 percent of that excellence, as indisputably one of the greatest medical funding – a testament to the extraordinary quality of schools in the world. I look forward to working with all the faculty here and to our commitment to the future of you to realize this vision. of genetic medicine. These new research efforts will play an important role as we address one of the biggest challenges shared by Lee Goldman, M.D.

P&S Annual report 2006 |  Introduction

­When the U.S. Human Genome Project announced But understanding how multiple genes and in 2003 that it had sequenced the entire human proteins interact with our environment to cause genome – identifying the approximately 22,000 human disease and how we can intervene in this genes found in human DNA and sequencing the 3 process to treat and even cure those diseases will billion chemical base pairs that make up our DNA now be the critical challenge, and an enormous – headlines touted the achievement as the “book of one it is. It brings together basic and translational life.” But what seemed to many like the finish line research, chemistry, physics, biology, and computer of a 13-year race (the effort to sequence the genome engineering to a vast undertaking whose methods began in 1990) was, in fact, only the starting line. include everything from using microarrays to ana- Understanding human genetics and the role lyze mRNA expression patterns to using robotic our genes play in disease and wellness using the instruments to streamline the determination of sequenced human genome is a little like planning thousands of protein structures. an extended, cross-country tour of the United States Columbia is one of the institutions at the using only a large wall map. You can see the major forefront of this international effort, following a cities, what states they are in, and where they are landmark year in which three major new centers located relative to one another. But you don’t know have been established to advance the next gen- much about many of those cities, the highways that eration of genomics and proteomics research. connect them, or where you might want to go and These centers – the National Center for Multi- what you might do once you get there. You know Scale Analysis of Genetic and Cellular Networks, that there are oceans near Los Angeles and moun- a Molecular Libraries Screening Center, and the tains near Denver, but what’s in Dubuque, Paducah, New York Consortium on Membrane Protein and Grants Pass? Structure – are all funded by major grants from the Now that we have the “wall map” created by National Institutes of Health and will complement sequencing the human genome, we must understand the extraordinary investments being made in dis- how these genes interact, how they are turned on and ease-specific gene and protein research conducted off or instructed to increase or decrease their activ- throughout Columbia. ity, and how that affects the proteins for which they Genomics and proteomics may sound like code. That is a vastly more daunting task – although fields that belong primarily at the lab bench, but there are just 22,000 genes, more or less, in the human every day at Columbia, our growing foundation of genome, they code for about 400,000 proteins. basic science knowledge about these once-mysteri- Research over some 50 years – since the day ous realms is being translated into new possibilities in 1953 when Francis Crick and James Watson for treatment and avenues for prevention. From walked into a Cambridge pub and announced that cancer to Alzheimer’s disease, from diabetes to they had found “the secret of life” by determining obesity, from cardiovascular disease to mental ill- the structure of DNA – has identified a number of ness – virtually every condition we care for here at single genes, their protein products, and the inheri- Columbia has a genetic component. tance patterns behind single-gene disorders like Huntington’s disease and hemophilia.

 | P&S Annual report 2006 Cancer

Cancer is genetics. Every malignant tumor begins as a mutation in one or more genes, genes that ordinarily promote normal, controlled cell growth. When these mutations – either inherited or acquired – arise and accumulate, they lead to cancer. Indeed, our growing genetic understanding of oncology has led to the realization that no one cure for cancer will be found because cancer is not one disease but many diseases, each caused by different genetic changes. Lung cancer and breast cancer, for example, come in several different types, and differences in genetics mean that a treatment that works with one type may be virtually useless in another. “This evolving knowledge allows us to identify tists in oncology have already moved into the build- subtypes of each cancer, with different prognoses, ing, and Dr. Dalla-Favera expects to recruit several understand which genes are altered, and develop more faculty members over the next five years, targeted therapies that are better suited for the including five to six with expertise in translational particular type of cancer,” says Riccardo Dalla- research. “We want to have leading investigators Favera, M.D., the Percy and Joanne Uris Professor in each key area: understanding the biology of the of Genetics and Development and Pathology and target organ and which genes are altered; advanced director of the Herbert Irving Comprehensive diagnostics; and translational researchers in clinical Cancer Center. “We can now design drugs that oncology,” he says. “This research will be brought essentially attack every part of the cancer cell.” together with population science. Education, con- That is exactly what is happening throughout trol, and prevention will also be a major strength of the nine floors of the new Irving Cancer Research the cancer center.” Center, a 120,000-square-foot facility dedicated Several key discoveries in cancer genetics have solely to cancer research, which doubles the research been made at Columbia over the past year. Andrea capacity of the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Califano, Ph.D., professor of biomedical informat- Cancer Center. Columbia’s leading physician-scien- ics, has developed the first genome-wide snapshots

P&S Annual report 2006 |  of the transcriptional networks of normal and microbiologist Kathryn Calame, Ph.D., Dr. Dalla- malignant human B and T cells – the two main Favera has been studying an unusual tumor sup- types of white blood cells, which are key to the pressor gene called Blimp-1 (B lymphocyte induced body’s immune response. Working with Riccardo maturation protein). It’s been called a “master regu- Dalla-Favera and Adolfo Ferrando in the Institute lator” of B cell differentiation – a crucial transcrip- for Cancer Genetics, he was able to “reverse engi- tional “switch” in the generation of functionally neer” the transcriptional and signaling networks competent plasma cells. But in B-cell lymphoma, that govern the genetic interactions of these cells – Dr. Dalla-Favera and his colleagues found, Blimp-1 something not previously accomplished in a human is inactivated – and the cells that should have become cell. Understanding these networks is essential to plasma cells become cancer cells instead. both defining the normal functions of these cells Columbia scientists also have helped to answer and to dissecting the complex array of changes that a key question about the evolution of cancer: How can happen when cell function goes awry. does a tumor-initiating cell, also known as a “cancer Building on the work of his colleague, P&S stem cell,” arise from a normal cell? These stem cells

A mutant form of Id2 that is resistant to degradation stimulates the growth of axons (red) in neurons (green). Defective growth of axons is present in traumatic injuries of the spinal cord and some neurodegenerative diseases. The work from Drs. Iavarone and Lasorella proposes Id2 as a new and unexpected tool for the experimental treatment of these diseases. are thought to be the engines of tumor progression, much so that you cannot even recognize the tissue but where do they come from? A better understand- of origin,” says Antonio Iavarone, M.D., associ- ing of cancer stem cells is essential if therapies are ate professor of neurology and pathology in the to be developed to target these critical elements of Institute for Cancer Genetics. “Only recently have the disease. we started to understand the genetic players that Think of cell division as an assembly line in a are, in fact, responsible for this.” factory. Just as the process of assembling a new car The proteins that are involved in this process is monitored with stringent quality control, so is are called Id – for “inhibitor of differentiation” cell division. A mistake in assembling a car can lead – proteins. “What they do is inhibit the function of to a deadly accident, while a mistake made when a transcription factors that normally decide a neuron cell divides can lead to a deadly cancer. One “check- is a neuron or a breast duct cell is a breast duct point” that confirms the cell is dividing normally cell. Their useful function is to maintain the state makes sure that chromosomes can be separated of stem cells, but normal cells after birth lose the appropriately. But Columbia scientists Timothy ability to express these Id proteins,” Dr. Iavarone Bestor, Ph.D., and Marc Damelin, Ph.D., have found explains. “Somehow, however, they become reacti- that stem and progenitor cells are deficient in this vated in tumors cells, and an abundance of Id pro- checkpoint and will divide even if the chromosomes teins is directly proportional to the aggressiveness are entangled. If cells divide with their chromo- of tumors.” somes still tangled, defects will almost certainly Dr. Iavarone and his colleagues have found result – defects that are the hallmarks of cancer, that every single human tumor type expresses one such as too many chromosomes, too few chromo- or more of the four members of the Id family. somes, or chromosomes that are rearranged. In breast cancer, Id1 is prominent; in neuroblas- Of course, the biology of cancer also poses toma, Id2; and in skin cancer, Id1, 2, and 3 are all important questions for the burgeoning field of expressed. “Every tumor has one or more Id pro- stem cell research and, ultimately, stem cell thera- teins that are abundantly expressed,” he says. “This pies. Since progenitor stem cells are coaxed to divide is a very attractive target from a therapeutic point again and again, this mistake – dividing with entan- of view, because Id proteins are essentially absent gled chromosomes – could also happen over and in normal adult tissues, so you could attack them over, increasing the risk that the new cells will be without damaging normal tissue.” defective. It’s an important area for further research. Until recently, no one knew what controlled When a pathologist looks at a cancer cell on a the cellular abundance of Id proteins. But in a microscope slide, one of the worst things he or she study published in Nature, Dr. Iavarone and Anna can see is that the tumor is “anaplastic.” Anaplastic Lasorella, M.D., assistant professor of pediatrics cells are poorly differentiated; they have become so and pathology in the Institute for Cancer Genetics, mutated by cancer that they no longer resemble the reported that an enzyme called APC (anaphase original cell type that they once were. “Particularly promoting complex) found inside normal cells in the most aggressive tumors, cells can completely promotes the destruction of these proteins. Could lose their ability to differentiate, sometimes so re-introducing the APC enzyme into cancer cells

P&S Annual report 2006 |  shut down, or at least reduce, the activity of Id pro- relapses after initial treatment, and even stem cell teins? That’s what Drs. Iavarone and Lasorella hope transplants offer little hope. to find out in future research. “The implications are Coincidentally, some experimental drugs really widespread. Id proteins sustain every step of designed to inhibit the formation of beta amyloid, cancer growth, including angiogenesis, the ability to the protein that accumulates and forms plaques in create new blood vessels to feed upon, and metasta- the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, also sis. All these steps essentially depend on Id proteins. inhibit NOTCH1. Because these drugs have already If we can knock out Id proteins, we can knock out gone through preliminary clinical testing, they cancer.” could be rushed into clinical trials for cancer much That alone would make Id proteins an extraor- more quickly. This year, Columbia became the dinarily fruitful target for research. But what if phy- only institution in the New York metropolitan area sicians could take advantage of the very function enrolling patients in a large, multicenter clinical that makes Id proteins so dangerous in terms of trial of the NOTCH inhibitor drug as a treatment cancer – promoting growth – and harness it to coax for T-cell leukemia. dead or damaged cells into growing again? That’s No genetic study of human cancer can go very exactly what Drs. Iavarone and Lasorella think far without high-quality pathologic specimens of they can do for patients with spinal cord injury or actual human cancers, with their DNA and RNA Alzheimer’s disease, conditions in which the brain’s carefully sorted and extracted and good samples neurons have been injured or killed. sifted from bad, degraded ones. That work can be Instead of using the APC enzyme to put the tedious, but the task is now easier for Columbia brakes on Id proteins and stop cancer, they created breast cancer researchers with the opening of the a “super” Id protein, one that would resist the APC Macromolecule Bank. DNA and RNA from about enzyme’s destruction so that they could use it to 500 breast tumors are available to any Columbia stimulate the growth of axons, the structures on researcher along with clinical data and tissue micro- neurons that transmit electrical signals in the brain arrays, which hold a hundred different samples on a and spinal cord. This exciting possibility is now single slide. being studied for its potential to treat a variety of neurological conditions. Just as genetic advances in cancer research are being harnessed for their potential benefits in neu- rology, discoveries in neurology are also being used to treat cancer. Two years ago, Adolfo Ferrando, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of pediatrics and pathology, found that a mutation in a gene called NOTCH1 plays an important role in T-cell leukemia. This particularly virulent type of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) accounts for about 20 percent to 25 percent of all cases of ALL; one in five patients

10 | P&S Annual report 2006 In cancer, many proteins that should not be present in mature cells become abundant and help the

tumor grow. Antonio Iavarone, M.D., and Anna Lasorella, M.D., have found that Id proteins, typically

present only in normal stem cells before birth, are reactivated in tumors. Id protein research is

founded on this premise: Eliminating Id proteins will eliminate cancer.

Rb Rb

Normal Rb Rb mutation leads to inactivates Id2 deregulation of Id2 Mental Illness

About one of every four Americans suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. about 6 percent of americans struggle with serious mental illness. Research has shown that mental illness accounts for about 15 percent of the total burden of disease on our society, more than all cancers combined. Most major psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophre- psychiatric disorders and a major focus of research nia, autism, and bipolar disorder, are multifactorial and treatment at Columbia. The delusions, halluci- disorders that can’t be traced to any single “schizo- nations, and other debilitating symptoms of schizo- phrenia gene” or “autism gene.” Understanding the phrenia shatter not only the life of the person with complex combination of genetic and environmental the illness, but also the lives of family members. factors that interact to produce mental illness is the Some 40 percent of people with schizophrenia have primary challenge of contemporary psychiatry and substance abuse problems, and their average life the top priority of Columbia’s integrated psychiatry expectancy is 10 to 12 years shorter than normal. program, says Jeffrey Lieberman, M.D., chairman In fact, schizophrenia’s mortality rate is higher than of the Department of Psychiatry at P&S, director of that of some cardiovascular diseases and some can- the New York State Psychiatric Institute, and director cers, with 15 percent to 20 percent of those whose of the joint Columbia and NYSPI Lieber Center for illness is inadequately treated attempting suicide. Schizophrenia Research. “Unfortunately, psychiatry This year at Columbia, Nobel laureate Eric has so far identified very few of the genes implicated Kandel brought scientists one vital step closer in major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. At to understanding the genetic underpinnings of Columbia, we are currently using a number of inno- schizophrenia by creating the first genetic mouse vative methods and state-of-the-art technologies to model of schizophrenia. Most scientists believe that pursue promising avenues of genetic discovery.” hyperactivity in the brain’s dopamine system plays Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating of a key role in the development of schizophrenia. So

12 | P&S Annual report 2006 Dr. Kandel and his colleagues developed geneti- the abnormalities at the core of schizophrenia. cally altered mice that overexpress dopamine in the Of course, mice are not humans, and the neural striatum, a part of the brain that affects cognitive circuitry involved in human schizophrenia is far function in people with schizophrenia. And indeed, more complex than that found in a mouse. But Dr. the mice showed difficulty in completing maze Kandel’s schizophrenic mouse offers scientists the tasks and otherwise demonstrated the same kind of first opportunity to study the disease in an animal working-memory deficits that plague people with model and experimentally test theories about the schizophrenia, an effect Dr. Kandel was not able to development of the disease and potential treatments. reverse merely by using an antibiotic to lower dopa- Dr. Kandel’s discoveries are complemented by mine production. This finding, he says, suggests the recent arrival of another world-class scientist that the detrimental effects of excessive dopamine with expertise in the genetics of schizophrenia: production may happen earlier on in neurodevel- Maria Karayiorgou, M.D., formerly of Rockefeller opment; antipsychotic drugs prescribed after the University, who joined the faculty in 2006. Dr. disease’s symptoms set in may be too late to reverse Karayiorgou studies schizophrenia using “founder

Heat map illustrating the distribution of pair-wise linkage disequilibrium — the chance that any two variants in a gene or neighboring genes are co-inherited — in the 22q11 schizophrenia susceptibility locus.

Image courtesy of Maria Karayiorgou.

P&S Annual report 06 | 13 Maria Karayiorgou, M.D., found that a missing section of chromosome 22 greatly increases risk to schizophrenia. Her research building on that finding has contributed to recent efforts to identify disease genes. Dr. Karayiorgou also studies South Africa’s Afrikaners, a homogeneous group that grew from a few thousand Dutch immigrants, to identify additional susceptibility genes. populations” – a group of people descended from Other psychiatric disorders, such as post- a limited number of common ancestors, who have traumatic stress syndrome, anxiety disorder, and not intermarried much with outside groups whether phobias, also may have genetics roots – and genetic because of geography, language, religion, or other possibilities for treatment. That’s the intriguing pos- factors. Because of their homogeneity, these founder sibility suggested by new research from Dr. Kandel. populations are ideal for the study of genetics and “All animals, including people, have instinctive fear, inheritance. Dr. Karayiorgou is working with a a built-in response to obvious danger signals. If a founder population among the Afrikaners of South ferocious dog jumps on you, you don’t have to learn Africa to identify candidate genes that lead to vul- to jump away,” he says. “It’s built into the genome.” nerability to schizophrenia, by creating one of the But the learned fear that can impair the lives of first genome-wide association scans ever created for people who have suffered great trauma is governed a complex disease. by a different pathway in the brain’s amygdalae, “Dr. Karayiorgou has already made some very areas that play a key role in the processing and important discoveries,” says Dr. Lieberman. One of memory of emotional reactions. these discoveries explains why some people have a Using a mouse model, Dr. Kandel has found drastically increased risk for schizophrenia. For most that a protein called stathmin is essential to both of the population, the schizophrenia rate is about instinctive and learned fear. By suppressing the 1 percent. However, people born without a small stathmin gene, researchers created a “fearless” section of chromosome 22, called 22q11, face nearly mouse, one with virtually no learned or instinctive a one in three risk of developing schizophrenia. fear. They also were able to selectively modify the This deletion is the disease’s greatest known risk fear pathways in another mouse, leaving the instinc- factor, but why? Last year, while still at Rockefeller, tive fear behaviors unchanged while altering learned Dr. Karayiorgou and Joseph Gogos, M.D., Ph.D., fear. These fndings, published in the journal Cell, Columbia assistant professor of physiology and cel- hold great promise for people with phobias, post- lular biophysics, identified an important interaction traumatic stress, and chronic anxiety disorders. between two genes in a section of chromosome 22 “These are all excessive responses to learned fear,” that may explain the importance of this deletion. says Dr. Kandel. “This suggests potential new They found that mice deficient in a particular gene approaches for therapies designed to treat these called PRODH show some symptoms similar to conditions.” schizophrenia, and another gene, COMT, can com- pensate for the lack of PRODH. It turns out that both of these genes are located in that same 22q11 region of chromosome 22, so patients with the dele- tion cannot compensate for low levels of PRODH with increased levels of COMT, since one copy of that gene is missing as well. Their research was reported in the journal Nature Neuroscience.

P&S Annual report 2006 | 15 ­­ unlockingthe Potential ­­

Discovering that a gene is associated with a disease, whether breast cancer or schizophrenia or Alzheimer’s

disease, is only the beginning of the scientific quest.

Myriad questions follow:

How does this particular gene work to cause this particular disorder? What other genes interact with it? How can we interfere in the cascade of genetic events that lead to disease and set matters right?

After identifying mutations in a gene called NOTCH1 as an important contributor to T-cell leukemia, Columbia researchers started enrolling patients in a clinical trial to test the efficacy of targeting NOTCH signaling with a gamma-secretase inhibitor, a drug originally designed as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain and Nervous System Disorders the hippocampus, the area where memories are treatment or cure in the near future, and Columbia formed, called the entorhinal cortex. Columbia may well be where that discovery happens. Our new researchers Scott Small, M.D., and Tae-Wan Kim, Motor Neuron Center, opened in November 2005, Ph.D., have used that information to identify a key brings together some of the world’s top experts in group of proteins that have to do with transporting SMA and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or molecules within the brain, including the amyloid Lou Gehrig’s disease, another disease of the motor precursor protein, which if not transported cor- neurons). More than 40 leading researchers from rectly begins to misfold, become insoluble, and then numerous disciplines, including neurobiology, neu- aggregate and evolve into plaques. rology, genetics, pathology, cell biology, physiology, “What they did was very clever. Instead of the anatomy, chemistry, and pediatrics, have converged usual strategy, taking samples from the brains of in this translational research program aimed at people with Alzheimer’s and samples from nor- answering key questions about motor neurons: Why mal controls, they first used functional imaging to and how do they die in ALS and SMA? How do obtain high-resolution views of the hippocampus precursor cells develop into healthy motor neurons, and guide them to the entorhinal cortex, to make and what keeps them alive? “Like searching for Moby Dick.” That’s how Richard Mayeux, M.D., sure that what they were looking at was a change One of the leading researchers involved in the co-director of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain and specific to that region,” says Dr. Mayeux. Center, Umrao Monani, Ph.D., assistant profes- director of the Human Genetics Research Core, describes the quest for the genetic culprits in Drs. Small and Kim then used DNA microarrays sor of neurology, has studied SMA for more than Alzheimer’s disease. “Everybody’s been looking, and we’ve had lots of sightings, but no one’s to study differences in gene expression in brain tissue a decade. His research has focused on creating a actually identified anything as the key factor in Alzheimer’s disease.” from normal adults and adults with Alzheimer’s dis- genetic mouse model of the disease – not an easy In 1993, APOE, the only gene known to be associated In another effort, Dr. Mayeux and his col- ease, specifically in the entorhinal cortex. They found task, because SMA is a uniquely human disease not with the late-onset form of Alzheimer’s disease, was leagues have formed a consortium of Alzheimer’s four candidate genes that were overexpressed in the found in mice – and using that model to try to find discovered. But like such conditions as cancer and centers across the country to collaborate on a entorhinal cortex in people with Alzheimer’s disease. targets for SMA treatment. “From these studies, diabetes, Alzheimer’s is not a “single-gene” disease; nationwide study involving the identification One of the genes, VPS35, appears to be the best cor- we’ve learned that there may be a window of time many genes are likely to be involved. More recently, and genetic analysis of more than 1,000 families related with Alzheimer’s and is now being studied. during which high levels of the protein generated Dr. Mayeux and collaborators at other universities throughout the country where two or more first- “That’s started a lot of excitement,” says Dr. Mayeux. by the SMN gene – the SMN protein – are required published work on one gene variant, SORL1, known degree relatives are living with Alzheimer’s disease. “It’s a subtle disturbance, but one that’s important for normal motor neuron development, and after to be involved in traffcking of proteins inside cells. With Dr. Mayeux as the principal investigator, and potentially modifiable.” you’ve passed through that window, the levels don’t The researchers screened 6,000 people from four the first part of the study, which began in 2002, Alzheimer’s disease devastates the lives of the need to be so high,” says Dr. Monani. “Is that time ethnic groups, including the Dominican Republic involved a genome-wide scan. The consortium has elderly, while another genetically linked neurologi- during fetal development or after birth? We don’t population of Washington Heights, and found that plans to submit another grant to the NIH for a large cal condition, spinal muscular atrophy, takes its toll know, although there’s some suggestion that in those with variant forms of SORL1 produced less of study of 1,000 Alzheimer’s disease cases and 1,000 on the very young. SMA, a disorder in which the humans the time is postnatal.” Since all people have that gene’s protein than usual, which may disrupt healthy, matched controls, in which Columbia will nerve cells of the spinal cord waste away, is the No. 1 an SMN2 gene – a nearly identical backup copy of the traffc pattern and allow the amyloid precursor lead the diagnostic aspect of the study as well as genetic killer of children under the age of 2. It SMN1 – scientists may be able to boost the activity protein to be converted into toxic forms, contribut- submit samples. affects one in every 6,000 children and is caused by of that gene to produce enough of the needed pro- ing to the development of Alzheimer’s. “We believe Thanks to advanced brain imaging techniques, the mutation of a single gene – SMN1, or survival tein during that critical window of motor neuron SORL1 is an important piece of the Alzheimer’s gene it’s been known for some time that Alzheimer’s motor neuron 1. The NIH has identified SMA as the development, possibly neutralizing the disease. puzzle,” Dr. Mayeux says. disease begins in a small region of the brain within neurological disease with the greatest potential for One of the leading mysteries of motor neurons –

18 | P&S Annual report 2006 P&S Annual report 2006 | 19 Brain and Nervous System Disorders the hippocampus, the area where memories are treatment or cure in the near future, and Columbia formed, called the entorhinal cortex. Columbia may well be where that discovery happens. Our new researchers Scott Small, M.D., and Tae-Wan Kim, Motor Neuron Center, opened in November 2005, Ph.D., have used that information to identify a key brings together some of the world’s top experts in group of proteins that have to do with transporting SMA and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or molecules within the brain, including the amyloid Lou Gehrig’s disease, another disease of the motor precursor protein, which if not transported cor- neurons). More than 40 leading researchers from rectly begins to misfold, become insoluble, and then numerous disciplines, including neurobiology, neu- aggregate and evolve into plaques. rology, genetics, pathology, cell biology, physiology, “What they did was very clever. Instead of the anatomy, chemistry, and pediatrics, have converged usual strategy, taking samples from the brains of in this translational research program aimed at people with Alzheimer’s and samples from nor- answering key questions about motor neurons: Why mal controls, they first used functional imaging to and how do they die in ALS and SMA? How do obtain high-resolution views of the hippocampus precursor cells develop into healthy motor neurons, and guide them to the entorhinal cortex, to make and what keeps them alive? “Like searching for Moby Dick.” That’s how Richard Mayeux, M.D., sure that what they were looking at was a change One of the leading researchers involved in the co-director of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain and specific to that region,” says Dr. Mayeux. Center, Umrao Monani, Ph.D., assistant profes- director of the Human Genetics Research Core, describes the quest for the genetic culprits in Drs. Small and Kim then used DNA microarrays sor of neurology, has studied SMA for more than Alzheimer’s disease. “Everybody’s been looking, and we’ve had lots of sightings, but no one’s to study differences in gene expression in brain tissue a decade. His research has focused on creating a actually identified anything as the key factor in Alzheimer’s disease.” from normal adults and adults with Alzheimer’s dis- genetic mouse model of the disease – not an easy In 1993, APOE, the only gene known to be associated In another effort, Dr. Mayeux and his col- ease, specifically in the entorhinal cortex. They found task, because SMA is a uniquely human disease not with the late-onset form of Alzheimer’s disease, was leagues have formed a consortium of Alzheimer’s four candidate genes that were overexpressed in the found in mice – and using that model to try to find discovered. But like such conditions as cancer and centers across the country to collaborate on a entorhinal cortex in people with Alzheimer’s disease. targets for SMA treatment. “From these studies, diabetes, Alzheimer’s is not a “single-gene” disease; nationwide study involving the identification One of the genes, VPS35, appears to be the best cor- we’ve learned that there may be a window of time many genes are likely to be involved. More recently, and genetic analysis of more than 1,000 families related with Alzheimer’s and is now being studied. during which high levels of the protein generated Dr. Mayeux and collaborators at other universities throughout the country where two or more first- “That’s started a lot of excitement,” says Dr. Mayeux. by the SMN gene – the SMN protein – are required published work on one gene variant, SORL1, known degree relatives are living with Alzheimer’s disease. “It’s a subtle disturbance, but one that’s important for normal motor neuron development, and after to be involved in traffcking of proteins inside cells. With Dr. Mayeux as the principal investigator, and potentially modifiable.” you’ve passed through that window, the levels don’t The researchers screened 6,000 people from four the first part of the study, which began in 2002, Alzheimer’s disease devastates the lives of the need to be so high,” says Dr. Monani. “Is that time ethnic groups, including the Dominican Republic involved a genome-wide scan. The consortium has elderly, while another genetically linked neurologi- during fetal development or after birth? We don’t population of Washington Heights, and found that plans to submit another grant to the NIH for a large cal condition, spinal muscular atrophy, takes its toll know, although there’s some suggestion that in those with variant forms of SORL1 produced less of study of 1,000 Alzheimer’s disease cases and 1,000 on the very young. SMA, a disorder in which the humans the time is postnatal.” Since all people have that gene’s protein than usual, which may disrupt healthy, matched controls, in which Columbia will nerve cells of the spinal cord waste away, is the No. 1 an SMN2 gene – a nearly identical backup copy of the traffc pattern and allow the amyloid precursor lead the diagnostic aspect of the study as well as genetic killer of children under the age of 2. It SMN1 – scientists may be able to boost the activity protein to be converted into toxic forms, contribut- submit samples. affects one in every 6,000 children and is caused by of that gene to produce enough of the needed pro- ing to the development of Alzheimer’s. “We believe Thanks to advanced brain imaging techniques, the mutation of a single gene – SMN1, or survival tein during that critical window of motor neuron SORL1 is an important piece of the Alzheimer’s gene it’s been known for some time that Alzheimer’s motor neuron 1. The NIH has identified SMA as the development, possibly neutralizing the disease. puzzle,” Dr. Mayeux says. disease begins in a small region of the brain within neurological disease with the greatest potential for One of the leading mysteries of motor neurons –

18 | P&S Annual report 2006 P&S Annual report 2006 | 19 in health and disease – has been solved by Columbia bequest ever received by Columbia and the largest scientist Thomas Jessell, Ph.D., the Claire Tow private gift received by any U.S. university for the cre- Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics ation of a single facility – the Greene Center will bring and another member of the Motor Neuron Center. together scientists from multiple disciplines to explore He and several colleagues have unlocked a critical the relationship among gene function, brain wiring, part of the regulatory code that tells motor neurons and behavior to probe the root causes of such neuro- how to connect to specific muscles in the limbs. degenerative diseases as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and The code involves 21 members of a family of genes ALS and such psychiatric and neurodevelopmental known as Hox – genes that had long been known to disorders as schizophrenia and autism. play a part in brain development but had not been Columbia neuroscientists are already exploring studied much for their role in the spinal cord. Dr. the use of genetically encoded probes and sensors to Jessell reported his fndings in the journal Cell. monitor the activity of neural circuits deep within Understanding how Hox proteins regulate the the brain. “For example, the ability to use genetics formation of the complex wiring system that the to express genes in neurons that are vulnerable in spinal cord uses to control our muscles is essential diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s offers us to restoring function that has been stolen by neuro- a way of understanding the nature of the injury to degenerative diseases like SMA or ALS, as well as by those neurons. Is it applied solely to the neuron that spinal cord injuries. “If cell replacement therapies dies, or is it part of a much larger circuit defect?” are to work in the future, it may not be enough to asks Dr. Jessell, who will lead the Greene Center make new motor neurons,” says Dr. Jessell. “We will with Nobel laureates Richard Axel, M.D., University have to understand how to connect the neurons Professor, and Eric Kandel, M.D., University to the right muscles in order to restore move- Professor. “And in conditions like autism and neu- ment. The more we understand the basic workings rodevelopmental disorders, we can use modern of the entire locomotor circuit, the better chance genetic experimental methods to map out the cir- there is of developing regenerative strategies to cuitry in a normal brain and then begin to examine restore movement.” The Motor Neuron Center is with increasingly fine resolution what’s gone wrong part of Columbia’s large and growing Center for with those circuits in the brains of people with dis- Neuroscience Initiatives, which is developing and orders like autism. It’s an exciting challenge, bring- implementing new programs and centers that will ing psychiatry together with basic neuroscience, and accelerate the translation of fundamental discover- it’s almost certain that these advances in experimen- ies of neuroscience research into new therapies for tal genetics will begin to have an impact on how we neurological and psychiatric disorders. treat these neurodevelopmental disorders.” This research will take a giant leap forward with the creation of the new Jerome L. Greene Science Center, soon to be the home for Columbia’s grow- ing initiative in Mind, Brain, and Behavior. To be built with a $200 million gift from Dawn M. Greene and the Jerome L. Greene Foundation – the largest

20 | P&S Annual report 2006 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

One in every 400 to 600 children in the United States has been diagnosed with diabetes. “Imagine, as a parent, being told that your 2-year-old or your 6-year-old has diabetes,” says Wendy Chung, M.D., Ph.D., director of Columbia’s clinical genetics program and a member of the Division of Molecular Genetics in the Department of Pediatrics. “Imagine the anxiety about what the future holds. Of course, these parents want to be as aggressive as possible about treatment to ensure that their child will be protected.” But now, genetic research conducted by Dr. glucokinase. Anyone who has mutations in that Chung is demonstrating that some children with gene tends to do very well. Their sugars are mildly diabetes may be spared the constant vigilance and elevated, and they don’t require daily injections daily insulin shots required of a chronic disease. of insulin,” she says. “We had to assume the worst “We’ve been able to use genetic testing to identify before. Now, we can offer these families and chil- some types of diabetes that are going to be rela- dren reassurance that they don’t have to go through tively mild.” daily finger-sticking and living life with a chronic It’s called “maturity onset diabetes of youth,” disease if they maintain a healthy lifestyle.” a type of diabetes that’s genetically distinct from While a welcome relief for some parents and autoimmune, or type 1, diabetes. By identifying children, this new genetic diagnosis doesn’t help genetic mutations in families, Dr. Chung can pre- the majority of people with diabetes. In an exciting dict which children have this particular form of the new project that brings together Columbia’s Naomi disease and can safely go off insulin therapy and Berrie Diabetes Center and a group of scientists at stay healthy with only modest attention paid to diet Harvard, researchers are using somatic cell nuclear and other lifestyle factors. “The diagnosis I like to transfer to study the molecular biology and genetics be able to give is due to a mutation in a gene called of diabetes.

P&S Annual report 2006 | 21 “We’re using cell nuclei from diabetics har- In some instances, single genes such as FOXO1 vested here at Columbia by Drs. Robin Goland and influence multiple aspects of the biology of diabetes Thomas Ludwig and putting them into eggs har- and body weight regulation. This gene affects the vested in Boston,” explains Rudolph Leibel, M.D., development of the islets of the pancreas, the func- professor of pediatrics and medicine, head of the tion of insulin-producing cells in the islets, and the Division of Molecular Genetics, and co-director function of cells in the brain that regulate food intake. of the Berrie Center. The goal: to successfully coax Domenico Accili, M.D., professor of medicine and stem cells to differentiate into islets, the cells that head of the Columbia Diabetes and Endocrinology actually control the production of insulin. “If we Research Center, is leading a group in the Naomi can do that, we’ll be able to study the islet cells of an Berrie Diabetes Center studying this critically impor- individual with diabetes without doing something tant gene and the pathways in which it acts. we really can’t do – biopsy the pancreas. If success- But no single gene accounts for the entire pic- ful, this will revolutionize the ways in which we ture of diabetes. “It’s not a single gene. It’s a group study the pathogenesis of diabetes. We’ll be able to of genes that may not be the same among all eth- look at the insulin-producing cells as they develop, nic or racial groups and even may be different in figure out the mechanisms that control that devel- the same individual depending on their age,” says opment and how we might control it.” Dr. Leibel. “Many of these genes are members of Of the 17 million Americans with diabetes, unique, discrete pathways for the control of body 90 percent to 95 percent have type 2 diabetes. Any weight.” Studies in Dr. Leibel’s lab are now exam- solution to this enormous public health problem ining what happens when subtle differences in a must tackle a growing American phenomenon: obe- series of related genes in the same pathway could sity, one of the single greatest risk factors for type 2 add up to a significant impact on body weight. His diabetes. As the population gains weight, type 2 team and others have identified many of the suspect diabetes gains momentum. Years ago, the disease genes based on their work in mice and have now was known as adult-onset diabetes because it rarely begun initiating studies to show exactly how these manifested in children, but as more and more chil- genes interact in humans to make them susceptible dren become obese, type 2 diabetes is increasingly to obesity. common in young people. More than 39,000 youths One study under way now uses data on some age 12 to 19 now have the disease. 18,000 New Yorkers. The study is coordinated by “If we could understand the genetics of obesity AMDeC Foundation, a nonprofit consortium of 35 and use that understanding to help manage and New York medical schools, academic health centers, prevent it, we could prevent or effectively treat a and research institutions. In a second study, Dr. great proportion of the cases of diabetes affecting Leibel is collaborating with a team in Alaska (Dr. our population today,” says Dr. Leibel. His labora- Bert Boyer), examining some of the same genes tory is studying the pathogenesis of obesity and within a large group of Yup’ik Eskimos. “We’re diabetes and how excess weight predisposes people studying 25 or 30 genes at a time, with multiple to the disease by using a mouse model to identify markers inside and around the genes,” Dr. Leibel some of the genes that contribute. explains. “Each individual’s sample DNA may have

22 | P&S Annual report 2006 Aggressive research is needed for an aggressive disease: diabetes. Since up to 95 percent of

Americans with diabetes have the type for which obesity is the single greatest risk factor, Wendy

Chung, M.D., Ph.D., studies obese mice to try to reveal the molecular connections between obesity and diabetes and how the connection can be broken. 250 or 300 genetic tests performed, and those data seemingly healthy children or young adults – like are used to try and estimate the role of a specific basketball player Hank Gathers and figure skater gene in determining body weight. It’s quite com- Sergei Grinkov – die suddenly? “We know that there plicated from a computational point of view, but are genes that cause this predisposition, but not we’re convinced that these are the tools we will need everyone has the same severity or age of onset, and to really understand obesity and type 2 diabetes in not everyone responds to therapy in the same way,” humans.” says Dr. Chung. “We’ve recently identified modifier Such research couldn’t be done outside an genes that help determine who will have the more institution like Columbia, he says. “We have such a severe form of these conditions and get them earlier, large patient population here, and ultimately we can and in the case of cardiomyopathy, who will progress use this resource to test across even larger numbers more rapidly to the need for a heart transplant.” of individuals. We’re going to need tens of thou- Just as genes interact to produce a predisposi- sands of human subjects to work out the genetics tion to heart disease, genes might also be used to of complex disorders like diabetes. A medical center help heal damaged hearts. One of these genes is like this isn’t just ideal, it’s sine qua non; the work called cyclin A2, and Hina Chaudhry, M.D., assis- wouldn’t be possible without access to this kind of tant professor of medicine, thinks it may be one of center.” the most important genes for regenerating cells in Using an exciting new genetic analysis the heart. Cyclin A2 plays a key role in heart growth technique called ROMA (Representational in fetal development, but it goes silent as soon as Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis) developed any mammal is born. From that point on, the heart at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Dr. Chung is stops developing new cells. Now, in animal research, also trying to tackle the obesity question by study- Dr. Chaudhry has discovered that when cyclin A2 ing individuals who have “syndromic” forms of is artificially switched back on, new heart cells con- obesity. “In about 5 percent of these people, there tinue to be generated. And when heart attacks are are contiguous gene deletions: They are missing induced in mice that have switched-on cyclin A2, several genes in tandem along a chromosome,” she their heart tissue regenerates and retains its ability says. Before ROMA, which allows scientists to detect to pump. Dr. Chaudhry’s team has begun testing duplications and deletions throughout the genome, ways to deliver cyclin A2 as a drug, a potential treat- these differences couldn’t have been detected. “Now ment for people with heart failure or heart attacks. we have been able to identify these small deletions “Our current therapies for heart failure are limited,” and target new genes that we didn’t even know had she says. “We have an imperative need for cellular to do with obesity.” and molecular therapies to change that picture.” Obesity and diabetes also go hand in hand with the leading cause of death in America: heart disease. Many of the primary genes involved in cardiovas- cular disease have already been identified, but they don’t tell the whole story. For example, what causes a condition like familial cardiomyopathy, in which

24 | P&S Annual report 2006 Diseases and Disorders from Infancy to Old Age

One of the most frightening things any parent can hear is that there may be something wrong with their unborn child. As our understanding of genetics has advanced, so too has our ability to diagnose congenital conditions early on in pregnancy, giving parents the best information possible as soon as possible. In many cases, the treatment options for these conditions have not kept pace with our diagnostic capabilities, but even when nothing can be done to change the outcome of a pregnancy, improved prenatal diagnosis enables parents to prepare themselves for their child’s condition and plan for the outcome. Within Columbia’s Center for Prenatal Pediatrics, one of the five most influential human geneticists opened just two years ago and already seeing some of contemporary times. Director of NewYork- 400 patients every year, women who know that their Presbyterian’s cytogenetics laboratory since 1969, pregnancy involves a congenital abnormality, or Dr. Warburton uses karyotype analysis of blood merely suspect that they may have such a problem, samples to identify congenital anomalies, conducts are seen by a multidisciplinary team that includes prenatal diagnosis via amniocentesis or chorionic genetic specialists, surgeons, cardiologists, radiolo- villus sampling, and, more recently, has used fluo- gists, and other experts in the care of families cop- rescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as an adjunct ing with possible birth defects. One of the leaders diagnostic. of this team is Ronald Wapner, M.D., a pioneer in Families seeking care for high-risk pregnan- the development of the chorionic villus sampling cies at Columbia also benefit from the latest genetic test for genetic defects, who joined Columbia in research ongoing here. Investigators at the Morgan 2005 as director of maternal-fetal medicine. Dr. Stanley Children’s Hospital are involved in studies Wapner’s work builds on the life’s work of Dorothy seeking the genetic factors involved in congenital Warburton, Ph.D., professor of clinical genet- heart disease, childhood cardiomyopathy, intrauter- ics and development at P&S and considered to be ine growth restriction, and aneuploidy, a family of

P&S Annual report 2006 | 25 A new screening tool to detect congenital conditions combines blood tests with an ultrasound that measures the thickness of the fetus’s neck fold to diagnose Down syndrome in the first trimester.

Ronald Wapner, M.D., director of maternal-fetal medicine, uses the new tool, which was validated by national research led by Columbia. conditions involving abnormal numbers of particu- Acquavella Associate Professor of Ophthalmology lar chromosomes. and director of research at Harkness Eye Institute, The most common type of aneuploidy is pinpointed inflammation fed by variations in genes Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome. For known as Factor B and Factor H as the cause of years, women at increased risk of having a child three out of four cases of AMD. “The two genes with Down syndrome (women who became preg- together explain about three-fourths of the disease,” nant after age 35, for example) were forced to wait says Dr. Allikmets. “I don’t know of any other com- until their second trimester of pregnancy before plex disorder in which two genes explain so much.” their fetus could be tested. A national trial led by Both genes are part of a pathway that regu- Mary D’Alton, M.D., chair of obstetrics and gyne- lates the immune response, called the alternative cology at P&S, demonstrated that a first-trimester complement cascade: Factor H turns the pathway screening test is far more accurate. The newer test, down after inflammatory response to triggers, such which combines a blood test for levels of a par- as infection, while Factor B turns the pathway up ticular hormone and protein with an ultrasound to intensify the response. “These are the direct tar- that measures the thickness of the developing gets right now for finding therapeutic remedies for baby’s neck fold, is 87 percent accurate, compared AMD,” Dr. Allikmets says. Such treatments could be with only 81 percent accuracy for the best second- just around the corner, or they could take 10 years, trimester screening methods. The study, known he adds, but they are no doubt urgently needed: as the FASTER Trial (First and Second Trimester AMD affects about 30 percent of the over-70 popu- Evaluation of Risk), involved some 38,000 women lation, damaging the vision of more than 12 million at 15 centers nationwide. The results will change people in the United States alone. obstetrical practice in the United States. “Down Discoveries like Dr. Allikmets’ and others from syndrome screenings based on either maternal age throughout Columbia’s departments, centers and alone, or an ultrasound or sonogram alone, are no institutions are being translated at the new Clinical longer justified protocols,” Dr. D’Alton says. She Molecular Genetics Laboratory, opened in August and other experts working with the Society for of 2005. “We’ve taken everything from a genetic Maternal-Fetal Medicine have formed the Maternal- predisposition to primary pulmonary hypertension Fetal Medicine Foundation to facilitate physician to seizure disorders and made available a CLIA- training and quality review for the screening. approved clinical lab where patients from around While genetic links may be most obvious in the world can be tested for rare genetic disorders,” areas like cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and says Wendy Chung. “It’s been explosive in terms of congenital anomalies, a surprising number of other growth. Local patients can use it for diagnosis, but conditions sometimes have genetic roots as well. it’s also a resource for researchers from around the Take blindness, for example. The most common world. It’s very helpful for scientists who work on cause of vision loss in older adults, a condition orphan diseases, because they can work on more called age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, samples and answer some of their most important is at its heart a genetic disease. Columbia scientist clinical questions.” Rando Allikmets, Ph.D., the William and Donna

P&S Annual report 2006 | 27 translatingthe Knowledge The essential goal of genetic discovery, analysis, and manipulation is clinical genetics: using our hard-won knowledge of genes and their impact on disease to improve diagnosis, enhance treatment, and, ultimately, cure disease.

Down syndrome has long been known to be caused by a chromosomal disorder, and the medical community has long been able to identify its occurrence in women in their second trimester of pregnancy.

New research led by Columbia physicians this year demonstrated successful – and more accurate – diagnosis earlier in a woman’s pregnancy.

­­ It is an example of translational research that will change medical practice with profound results for patients. Centering on Genetic Research

Columbia is deeply committed to establishing the and energy metabolism, proving that bone mass kind of institutional framework that will allow is regulated in part by the brain. In his current genetic discovery, analysis and manipulation, and research, he is working to show that the skeleton is clinical genetics to thrive in every department and an endocrine organ that regulates the function of every program. That goal requires a far-reaching various other organs and can play a key role in the vision and tools to make the vision reality. onset of degenerative diseases, such as the metabolic Helping to provide that vision is a new Center syndrome. for Human Genetics, led by Angela M. Christiano, As chairman of the department, Dr. Karsenty Ph.D. The center will unite more than 40 clini- will foster relationships with other basic science cians and researchers in the hunt to identify genes departments to strengthen graduate and postdoc- involved in complex inherited diseases such as asth- toral education and forge bridges with clinical ma, Parkinson’s, and heart failure. It will integrate departments to foster collaborations among clini- the work of excellent cen- cians and basic scientists. ters and programs like the The NIH has placed Columbia Genome Center, genomics and proteomics ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatathettc Institutea tgctgaa forga tCancer aagggg ttccaaaaat thet ttforefrontcatttgc tofca its tt aaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgct- gaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggGenetics,ttccaaaa thet Center ttcattt forgc tca ttaaaresearchgg tt cpriorities.tgccactt The aaaa firsttatt ca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttc- caaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctcComputationala ttaaagg ttct gBiologyccactt aaaataoftt cthreea tg cmajortgaag themesat aagggg in ttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttc- caaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccacttand aaaa Bioinformatics,tattca tgctgaa andgat aaggggthett NIH’sccaaaa “Newt ttca Pathwaystttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggthe ttGertrudeccaaaat H. tt cSergievskyatttgctca ttaaato Discovery”gg ttctgcc explainsactt aaaa tattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttc- Angela M. Christiano, Ph.D. Center. The new center will the situation this way: Gerard Karsenty, M.D., Ph.D. provide coordination and focus for six key areas of “Future progress in medicine will require a quan- genetics: basic research, clinical research, genetic titative understanding of the many interconnected epidemiology and statistical and population genet- networks of molecules that comprise our cells and ics, genomics and proteomics, clinical genetics, and tissues, their interactions, and their regulation. We genetic education. need to more precisely know the combination of Another important step toward a more inte- molecular events that lead to disease if we hope to grated, 21st century genetics program was taken truly revolutionize medicine.” this year with the appointment of Gerard Karsenty, With its world-class faculty and expertise in a M.D., Ph.D., as chairman of the Department of wide range of scientific disciplines, Columbia has Genetics and Development. become a leader in this scientific revolution, receiv- An endocrinologist and a geneticist who com- ing nearly $50 million of the $235 million in grants bines mouse and human genetics in his work, Dr. awarded by the NIH for its priority Roadmap proj- Karsenty is particularly interested in how the skele- ects in 2005. These grants have established three ton develops and how its functions are orchestrated major research centers and collaborations: the at the genetic level. His seminal research has shown Molecular Libraries Screening Center, the National that the same hormones regulate bone metabolism Center for Multi-Scale Analysis of Genetic and

30 | P&S Annual report 2006 Cellular Networks (MAGNet), and the New York teomic research demands innovative methods of Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, part organizing, sorting, and studying this information. of the NIH Protein Structure Initiative. “With approximately 20,000 genes in the human genome, there are trillions of possible interactions Molecular Libraries Screening Center: Most of among genes and proteins within a cell. Exploring the organic chemical compounds, known as small each one in the laboratory would take a very long molecules, that are now used in biomedical research time, even with current high-throughput methods,” and as targets for treatment were initially discovered says Andrea Califano, Ph.D., professor of biomedi- serendipitously rather than by design. Columbia cal informatics. That’s where computational biology is one of nine institutions selected by the NIH to and biomedical informatics come in. Columbia’s establish a collaborative research network to screen new MAGNet Center, one of a network of seven for promising small molecules in an efficient, high- centers established by the NIH, will create compu- throughput approach tational methods and tools that will speed scientific to help solve one of the progress. Headed by James biggest challenges in biol- ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccRothman,actt aaaa tPh.D.,attca tdirectorgctgaa gat aaogy:gggg understandingttccaaaat tt chowattt gctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgct- gaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgcoftg theaag Judithat aagggg P. Sulzberger,ttccaaaa t ttcallattt theg cgenestca tt andaaa ggproteins ttctg ccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttc- caaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat M.D.,ttcattt Columbiagctca ttaaa Genomegg ttc tgccinsideactt aaaa cellst aworkttca ttogethergctgaag at aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttc- caaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttCenterctgcc aandctt aaaathe Clydetattc aand tgc tgaatog aimplementt aaggggtt specificccaaaa tbio ttc-atttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgcHelentgaag Wuat aa Professorggggttcc ofaaaa t ttclogicalatttgc processes.tca ttaaa gg“We tt planctgcc actt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttc- James Rothman, Ph.D. Chemical Biology in the to use computers and new Andrea Califano, Ph.D. Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, methods of systems biology to predict which pro- the center uses large-scale methods to identify these teins are interacting with each other and with DNA, small molecules, which will improve our study of and how these interactions change in disease,” says genes, cells, and biochemical pathways in health and Dr. Califano, who directs the new center. MAGNet disease, with the ultimate goal of discovering new is housed in Columbia’s Center for Computational drug targets and treatments. The MLSC has already Biology and Bioinformatics – C2B2 – to take established a collection of 100,000 chemically advantage of the resources of this interdepartmental diverse small molecules, some of which have known consortium. biological activities and others that have the poten- tial to modulate novel biological functions. The col- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein lection will grow over time, and all of its data will Structure: The NIH’s Protein Structure Initiative, be made available to both public and private-sector a national effort aimed at determining the three- researchers. dimensional shapes of many proteins and their role in health and disease, starts where the Human National Center for Multi-Scale Analysis of Genome Project left off. “Genes are important only Genetic and Cellular Networks (MAGNet): The in that they produce proteins, which are the tiny vast array of data generated by genomic and pro- three-dimensional machines of life,” says Lawrence

P&S Annual report 2006 | 31 Shapiro, Ph.D., associate professor of ophthalmology (a type of protein particularly important in disease), and biochemistry and molecular biophysics and a and the Rutgers-led Northeast Structural Genomics principal investigator in the New York Consortium Consortium. on Membrane Protein Structure, one of several An important resource in Columbia’s newly named centers in the Protein Structure genomic and proteomics research is the Center for Initiative. Led by Columbia’s Wayne Hendrickson, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics – C2B2. Ph.D., University Professor, this specialized center The goal of the interdepartmental center is to cata- will focus on developing novel methods for quickly lyze research at the interface between biology and determining the structures of proteins that attach the computational and physical sciences. C2B2, co- to a cell’s outer envelope, or membrane – pro- directed by Drs. Barry Honig and Andrea Califano, teins that have traditionally been difficult to study. supports active research programs in computational “Drug discovery has been lagging in recent years, biophysics and structural biology, the modeling of and many of us believe regulatory, signaling, and that the development of metabolic networks, pat- drugs based on a protein’s tern recognition, machine ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggstructurettcc aaaais a mucht ttca tttmoregc tca ttlearning,aaagg tt candtgcc functionalactt aaaa tattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcattt- gctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca tta- aagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttefficientcatttg cwaytca tott aaafindgg the tt ctgccagenomics.ctt aaaat Facultyattca tg fromctgaa thega t aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgc- cactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca drugsttaaa ggwe’d tt likectg ccto ahave,”ctt aaaa tattMorningsideca tgctgaag andat aa medicalggggtt ccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaatsays ttc aDr.ttt Hendrickson.gctca ttaaagg ttctgcccenteractt aaaa campusestattca represent tgctgaag at aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgccactt aaaatattca tgctgaagat aaggggttccaaaat ttcatttgctca ttaaagg ttctgc- Columbia researchers will biochemistry and molecu- Wayne Hendrickson, Ph.D. also play major roles in two lar biophysics, biomedical Barry Honig, Ph.D. other centers: the New York Structural Genomics informatics, biological sciences, chemistry, comput- Research Consortium, led by Barry Honig, Ph.D., er science, applied physics and applied mathematics, professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics, electrical engineering, and computational learning which will focus on the structures of phosphatases systems.

32 | P&S Annual report 2006 Genetics in Education

When entering medical students first don their what it’s like to have your child die suddenly from white coats and begin the course, “Science Basic such a disease.” to the Practice of Medicine and Dentistry,” they Meanwhile, the human development course immediately begin to understand the importance features lectures on the genetic control of devel- of genetics to medicine. The very first four-week opment, including such issues as the transcription block of their education is a genetics module, in factors important to fetal development, con- which they meet a patient with a genetic condition, genital cardiac disease, and teratogenic exposure. learning everything from biochemistry and molecu- Pathology and pathophysiology courses in the lar biology to the clinical aspects of genetics – how second year teach the genetic elements and modes the genetic aspects of disease affect diagnosis, of inheritance for various diseases, as well as the treatment, and daily life. treatment implications when a disease is genetic That’s only the beginning. A program called rather than acquired. Genetics in Medicine is threaded throughout the And within the clinical practice course, in which courses of a student’s first year. Rather than sepa- students begin their long journey toward interact- rating genetics into discrete, segregated specialty ing with patients directly as full-fledged physicians, courses, genetic studies are integrated holistically many of the patient presentations include genetic into the curriculum, underscoring how fundamental conditions. “We try to make them aware of all the this field has become in medicine. aspects of genetic medicine as part of the over- “During the first year, the curriculum has a sys- arching curriculum,” says Dr. Chung. tems approach, so as the students learn about the This integrated exposure to genetics contin- cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems, they ues in the third year, as students in ob-gyn and also learn about the genetic issues related to each pediatrics rotations learn to do prenatal diagnosis, of those systems,” explains Wendy Chung, M.D., genetic testing, and family history assessment. In Ph.D., assistant professor of pediatrics and direc- the fourth year, an optional genetics elective draws tor of the clinical genetics program. The Genetics about 15 students annually to study clinical and in Medicine program resulted from an assessment molecular genetics within Dr. Chung’s program. done by Dr. Chung and Benjamin Tycko, M.D., With the field of genetics exploding, Dr. Ph.D., associate professor of pathology in the Chung says, the difficulty is keeping the curricu- Institute for Cancer Genetics. Dr. Chung now over- lum up-to-date. “There are only so many hours we sees the genetics section of the “Science Basic to have, but we definitely want to expand genetics in the Practice of Medicine and Dentistry” course. the curriculum. Our goal is to increase the amount “As students are learning about electrophysi- of exposure and material without increasing the ology while they study the cardiovascular system, burden on the students, by integrating it into other for example, we will have a patient come in and courses so that it flows seamlessly.” discuss with them long QT syndrome, a particular cardiac syndrome associated with sudden death," says Dr. Chung. "They get everything from the molecular biology of the condition up to hearing

P&S Annual report 2006 | 33 Abbott ahmad Al-Awqati Bakken Benson

Faculty Honors

Laurence F. Abbott, Ph.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics: elect- John Bilezikian, M.D., Medicine and Pharmacology: received ed to American Academy of Arts and Sciences first global leadership award of International Society of Clinical Densitometry (award renamed John Bilezikian Global Leadership Anissa Abi-Dargham, M.D., Psychiatry: became vice president- Award) and received lifetime achievement award from Armenian elect of Brain Imaging Council of Society for Nuclear Medicine American Medical Society of California and serves as new field editor for brain imaging for the journal Neuropsychopharmacology Katarzyna Bisaga, M.D., Psychiatry and Pediatrics: received young investigator manuscript award from Society for Developmental and Christopher S. Ahmad, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: became Behavioral Pediatrics member of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and associate member of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Theodore A. Blaine, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: elected to membership in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Qais Al-Awqati, M.D., Medicine and Physiology & Cellular Biophysics: elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences Andrew Blitzer, M.D., D.D.S., Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery: received Chevalier Jackson Award from American Philip O. Alderson, M.D., Radiology and Radiation Oncology: Bronchoesophagological Association installed as president of American Roentgen Ray Society and installed for two-year term as president of the American Board of Mark Bradley, M.D., Psychiatry: received Samuel W. Perry III, M.D., Radiology Distinguished Award in Psychiatric Medicine and was named William Webb Fellow of Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Richard Ambron, Ph.D., Anatomy & Cell Biology: named teacher of the year by P&S Class of 2009 Andrea Califano, Ph.D., Biomedical Informatics: named fellow of New York Academy of Sciences for distinguished work in computa- Spencer Amory, M.D., Surgery: received NewYork-Presbyterian/ tional and systems biology Allen’s physician of the year award Alex Carballo-Diéguez, Ph.D., Psychiatry: became research board Jonathan Aviv, M.D., Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery: member of American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR) elected president of American Bronchoesophagological Association and named lifetime honorary member, Israeli Society Olveen Carrasquillo, M.D., Medicine: named clinician-investigator of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery of the year by mid-Atlantic chapter of Society of General Internal Medicine Suzanne Bakken, D.N.Sc., Biomedical Informatics and Nursing: elected to Institute of Medicine; received 21st century achieve- Nancy Chang, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for outstand- ment award for education and academia, Computerworld Honors ing teaching Program; and received Virginia K. Saba Informatics Award from American Medical Informatics Association Stanley Chang, M.D., Ophthalmology: received 2006 Hobie Award (New York State Ophthalmological Society’s highest honor) and Matthew Bartels, M.D., Rehabilitation Medicine: received Jackson Memorial Lecture Award from American Academy of NewYork-Presbyterian physician of the year award Ophthalmology

Mitchell C. Benson, M.D., Urology: received John K. Lattimer, M.D., Michael F. Chiang, M.D., Ophthalmology and Biomedical Award for contributions to urology from the Kidney and Urology Informatics: received career development award from Research to Foundation of America Prevent Blindness and was named to editorial board of Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Monica Bhatia, M.D., Pediatrics: received Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital’s physician of the year award Derek Chong, M.D., Neurology: received early career physician-sci- entist award from American Epilepsy Society Louis U. Bigliani, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: chosen distinguished practitioner of 2006 by NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Society of Practitioners

Bilezikian carballo-Diéguez Carrasquillo s. Chang chong

34 | P&S Annual report 2006 Cimino C close Cohall Cooper d’Alton

James J. Cimino, M.D., Biomedical Informatics and Medicine: Karen Duff, Ph.D., Pathology: shared 2006 Potamkin Prize for life- awarded medal of honor from New York Medical College; named time achievement in Alzheimer’s disease research and received the academy fellow of New York Academy of Medicine; and elected to 2006 Memory Walk prize from Alzheimer’s Association for commit- American Clinical and Climatological Association ment to finding a cure for AD

Lanny Garth Close, M.D., Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery: Ajoy K. Dutta, M.D., Radiology: received American College of named vice president of Triological Society and fellow of Royal Medical Physics Award for paper, “New Fluoroscopy Systems for Society of Medicine Pediatric Applications,” published in Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics Alwyn Cohall, M.D., Pediatrics: received Shirley Gordon Leadership Award from Family Planning Advocates of New York, Andrew Dwork, M.D., Pathology: appointed visiting professor Founders of Adolescent Health Award for community leadership of pathology at School of Medicine at Ss. Cyril and Methodius from American Academy of Pediatrics section on adolescent University in Macedonia health, and HIV leadership award and noteworthy’ pediatrician award from TheBody.com Anke A. Ehrhardt, Ph.D., Psychiatry: was invited presenter for Frontiers of Science lecture series at American Psychiatric Stephanie Collins, Ph.D., Psychiatry: received early career investiga- Association; received first Champions of Sexual Literacy Award tor travel award from College on Problems of Drug Dependency from National Sexuality Research Center and Center for Research on Gender and Sexuality; and was re-elected to Board of Trustees David H. Cohen, Ph.D., Psychiatry: elected fellow of American of Ford Foundation Association for the Advancement of Science Jean Endicott, Ph.D., Psychiatry: invited to address issues related Louis Z. Cooper, M.D., Pediatrics: received award for lifetime to evaluation of treatment outcomes at an NIH-sponsored think contribution to education in infectious diseases from American tank on “Developing a Research Agenda: New Interventions for Academy of Pediatrics section on infectious diseases Menopausal Symptoms”

Vivette D’Agati, M.D., Pathology: elected to Association of Suzette Evans, Ph.D., Psychiatry: named president-elect of Division American Physicians 28 (psychopharmacology and substance abuse) in American Psychological Association Mary D’Alton, M.D., Obstetrics & Gynecology: received Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine achievement award recognizing contribu- Theresa Exner, Ph.D., Psychiatry: received John Dondero Alumni tions to the field and her role as a mentor Award from La Salle University, Philadelphia

Riccardo Dalla-Favera, M.D., Pathology and Genetics & Frieda Feldman, M.D., Radiology: one of three recipients of Gold Development: awarded William Dameshek Prize (highest honor of Medal for Distinguished Service to Radiology from American the American Society of Hematology) and American-Italian Cancer Roentgen Ray Society Foundation Prize for scientific excellence in medicine William P. Fifer, Ph.D., Psychiatry: co-recipient of First Candle/SIDS Anita Darmanian, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for out- Alliance’s research award recognizing research into mechanisms standing teaching underlying sudden infant death syndrome

Gilbert Di Paolo, Ph.D., Pathology: received Charles J. Epstein David Figurski, Ph.D., Microbiology: received Columbia’s Charles Down Syndrome Research Award from National Down Syndrome W. Bohmfalk Award for teaching in pre-clinical years Society Howard F. Fine, M.D., Ophthalmology: received Ronald G. Michels David L. Diuguid, M.D., Medicine and Pathology: received Ewig Fellowship Award from American Academy of Ophthalmology Award for outstanding teaching

Dalla-Favera diuguid Duff Ehrhardt Feldman

P&S Annual report 2006 | 35 Flynn Garrett gershon Ghossaini goff Gogos goldberg

John T. Flynn, M.D., Ophthalmology: received Marshall M. Parks Peter Gouras, M.D., Ophthalmology: received honorary doctorate Medal from foundation of American Association for Pediatric from University of Athens Ophthalmology and Strabismus Evelyn Granieri, M.D., Medicine: elected to three-year term to Sylvia Fogel, M.D., Psychiatry: received Lionel Ovesey Award administrative board of directors of Council of Academic Societies of Association of American Medical Colleges Max Forbes, M.D., Ophthalmology: received American Glaucoma Society’s president’s award for scientific achievement and service Lloyd A. Greene, Ph.D., Pathology: elected fellow of American to the society Association for the Advancement of Science

Carol Friedman, Ph.D., Biomedical Informatics: elected fellow of Iva S. Greenwald, Ph.D., Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics: New York Academy of Medicine and appointed chair of scientific elected to National Academy of Sciences and American Academy counselors for Lister Hill center at National Library of Medicine of Arts and Sciences

Steve Frucht, M.D., Neurology: received Norman & Barbara Wei Gu, Ph.D., Pathology: received Stohlman Scholar award from Seiden Young Investigator Award Leukemia and Lymphoma Society

George Gallos, M.D., Anesthesiology: won first place award in Elisabeth Guthrie, M.D., Psychiatry and Pediatrics: selected as American Society of Anesthesiologists essay contest AACAP/Harvard Macy Teaching Scholar

Thomas Garrett, M.D., Medicine: named teacher of the year by Eric J. Hall, D.Sc., Radiation Oncology and Radiology: named fel- P&S Class of 2008 low of American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and received Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award of Anne Gershon, M.D., Pediatrics: became president-elect, Infectious Health Physics Society Diseases Society of America Ziv Haskal, M.D., Radiology: elected fellow of American College Soha Ghossaini, M.D., Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery: of Radiology; received Night of Honors Innovation Award from named clinical scholar, American Academy of Otolaryngology- International Society of Endovascular Specialists; and was appointed Head and Neck Surgery Foundation editor of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Journal

Jay A. Gingrich, M.D., Ph.D., Psychiatry: received Roche-Nature Wayne A. Hendrickson, Ph.D., Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics: Medicine Prize for translational medicine for research in develop- received New York City Mayor’s Award for Excellence in Science mental neuroscience and behavior and Technology

Stephen Goff, Ph.D., Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics and Dawn Hershman, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for out- Microbiology: elected to the National Academy of Sciences and to standing teaching the Institute of Medicine Barry Honig, Ph.D., Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics: received Joseph Gogos, M.D., Ph.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics: Alexander Hollaender Award in Biophysics from National Academy received NARSAD Young Investigator Award of Sciences and elected fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science Michael E. Goldberg, M.D., Neurology and Psychiatry: elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences and was 2005-06 trea- Evelyn Horn, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for outstand- surer of Society for Neuroscience ing teaching

Madelyn Gould, Ph.D., Psychiatry and Pediatrics: received Joyce Hunter, D.S.W., Psychiatry: received special New York City American Foundation for Suicide Prevention’s Research in Suicide Council proclamation as spokesperson for Coalition for Lesbian Award and Gay Rights on 20th anniversary of NYC gay rights bill

Gould Hall Haskal Hershman Hunter

36 | P&S Annual report 2006 Jacobs Jessell Joseph kandel K kaplan katz Kleber

Thomas P. Jacobs, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for out- Jaime Landman, M.D., Urology: received Arthur Smith international standing teaching lifetime achievement award at World Congress of Endourology in Amsterdam and first prize in the endourology fellows essay contest Joseph Jaffe, M.D., Psychiatry: elected distinguished life fellow of for research on ureteral physiology American Psychiatric Association Francis Y. Lee, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: received Academy of Thomas M. Jessell, Ph.D., Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics: Orthopaedic Surgeons/Orthopaedic Research and Education elected fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Foundation clinician scientist traveling fellowship award and Science received Orthopaedic Research Education and Foundation Career Development Award Kathie-Ann Joseph, M.D., Surgery: named one of Crain’s New York Business “40 Under 40” rising stars Jay Lefkowitch, M.D., Pathology: received British Society of Authors Prize for best new edition of a medical book (“Liver Biopsy Eric Kandel, M.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Psychiatry, and Interpretation,” co-authored with Peter J. Scheuer) Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics: received Austrian Medal of Honour for Science and Art from president of Austria; received Marianne J. Legato, M.D., Medicine: received inaugural Dr. biotechnology achievement award from NYU School of Medicine; Marianne J. Legato Gender-Specific Medicine Award from Ladies received Benjamin Franklin Medal for distinguished achievement Home Journal in the sciences from American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia; received McKnight Recognition Award from McKnight Conference Barron H. Lerner, M.D., Ph.D., Medicine: received William H. for Neuroscience; received Louise T. Blouin Foundation Award; Welch Medal from American Association for the History of received honorary doctorates from NYU and Rockefeller University Medicine for his book, “The Breast Cancer Wars”

Harold Kaplan, M.D., Pathology: received first Hemphill-Jordan Frances Levin, M.D., Psychiatry: appointed to board of directors, Leadership Award from AABB (formerly American Association of Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry Blood Banks) William N. Levine, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: received Charles S. Arthur Karlin, Ph.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and Neer, M.D., teacher of the year award for resident education and Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics: invited to give 16th annual was selected for leadership fellows program of American Academy John M. Brookhart Lecture at University of Oregon of Orthopaedic Surgeons

Gerard Karsenty, M.D., Ph.D., Genetics & Development: received Howard B. Lieberman, Ph.D., Radiation Oncology: elected fellow Drieu Cholet Award from National Academy of Medicine in France of American Association for the Advancement of Science

Aaron E. Katz, M.D., Urology: received Beljanski Foundation Jeffrey A. Lieberman, M.D., Psychiatry: received Lieber Prize for Award for excellence in integrative medicine Schizophrenia Research from NARSAD

K. Craig Kent, M.D., Surgery: elected president of Society of Elena Lister, M.D., Psychiatry: received John F. O’Connor Award for Vascular Surgery teaching of psychodynamic concepts to medical students

Herbert Kleber, M.D., Psychiatry: received Burlingame Award Zheng Feng Lu, Ph.D., Radiology: received American College of and was named to NIDA National Advisory Council and to board Medical Physics Award for paper, “New Fluoroscopy Systems for of directors of Partnership for a Drug Free America, College on Pediatric Applications,” published in Journal of Applied Clinical Problems of Drug Dependence, and Phoenix House Medical Physics

Andreas Kraebber, M.D., Psychiatry: received Alexander Beller William B. Macaulay, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: became member Award for scholarly study in psychoanalytic theory of American Orthopaedic Association; was elected to Interurban Society and Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons; and serves Nathan Kravis, M.D., Psychiatry: received Howard Klar Award as as member of executive board of American Association of Hip and outstanding teacher at Columbia Psychoanalytic Center Knee Surgeons

Landman lee Lefkowitch Legato lerner levine J. Lieberman Macaulay

P&S Annual report 2006 | 37 Marks McCord Mellman Merrill Mitchell Murry

Arthur Magun, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for outstand- Michael M. Myers, Ph.D., Psychiatry: co-recipient of First Candle/ ing teaching SIDS Alliance’s research award recognizing research into mecha- nisms underlying sudden infant death syndrome Branislav Mancevski, M.D., Neuroscience: received young inves- tigator award from NARSAD and was selected for NARSAD Stephen Nicholas, M.D., Pediatrics: named Fulbright Scholar to Research Partners Program Dominican Republic to research prevention of mother-to-baby HIV transmission John Mariani, Ph.D., Psychiatry: received College on Problems of Drug Dependency early career investigator travel award Edward Nickoloff, M.D., Radiology: received ribbon for scientific merit from American Association of Physicists in Medicine as co- Andrew Marks, M.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and author of a poster and received American College of Medical Medicine: elected to National Academy of Sciences; elected Physics award for paper, “New Fluoroscopy Systems for Pediatric fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and received Applications,” published in Journal of Applied Clinical Medical American Heart Association’s Basic Research Prize Physics

Steven Marx, M.D., Medicine: elected to American Society for George W. Niedt, M.D., Dermatology: named teacher of the year Clinical Investigation for 2006 by dermatology residents at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center Carol A. Mason, Ph.D., Pathology and Anatomy: elected fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science Mero Nocenti, Ph.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics: received P&S Distinguished Service Award Mary McCord, M.D., Pediatrics: received Columbia’s Humanism and Community Award Elizabeth Olson, Ph.D., Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery: became associate editor of Journal of the Association for Research Lisa A. Mellman, M.D., Psychiatry: received alumni award as out- in Otolaryngology standing graduate from the Columbia residency training program Carl A. Olsson, M.D., Urology: received Ferdinand C. Valentine Joseph S. Meltzer, M.D., Anesthesiology: received NewYork- Essay medal Presbyterian physician of the year award Maria A. Oquendo, M.D., Psychiatry and Neuroscience: received Jacqueline Merrill, D.N.Sc., Biomedical Informatics: received Pfizer suicide scholar award from Eli Lilly Scholar Award for public health services research; elected fellow of New York Academy of Medicine; and received award from Robert Marc Patterson, M.D., Neurology and Pediatrics: invited as Wood Johnson Foundation’s Changes in Health Care Financing Whitaker Visiting Professor at University of Rochester, Emery and Organization Initiative Lecturer and Professor at University of Vermont, Burlington, Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer at Purdue University, and Distinguished Aaron Mitchell, Ph.D., Microbiology: elected fellow of American Genomics Lecturer at Mayo Clinic Association for the Advancement of Science Geoffrey S. Pitt, M.D., Ph.D., Medicine and Pharmacology: Thomas Q. Morris, M.D., Medicine: elected chairman of board received inaugural Lewis Katz Cardiovascular Research Prize for a of trustees of New York Academy of Medicine and received P&S Young Investigator and Columbia’s Harold and Golden Lamport Distinguished Service Award Research Award in basic sciences

Thomas Murry, Ph.D., Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery: Roy Pizzarello, M.D., Medicine: received 2006 teacher of the year received presidential citation from American Laryngological in cardiology Association Richard Polin, M.D., Pediatrics: received neonatal education award Philip R. Muskin, M.D., Psychiatry: received distinguished life fellow in perinatal pediatrics from American Academy of Pediatrics and award from Association for Academic Psychiatry was named physician of the year by NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and physician of the year by Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital Andrew Mutnick, M.D., Pediatrics: named teacher of the year by P&S Class of 2007 Muskin olsson Patterson Pitt Polin

38 | P&S Annual report 2006 Prager Quest Radhakrishnan Reiffel Role Rosenfield

Kenneth M. Prager, M.D., Medicine: received Leonard Tow Carrie Ruzal-Shapiro, M.D., Radiology: received American College Humanism in Medicine Award presented by Arnold P. Gold of Medical Physics Award Foundation Ralph Sacco, M.D., Neurology: received American Stroke Donald Quest, M.D., Neurological Surgery: elected president of Association Council on Stroke’s William Feinberg Award for excel- American Association of Neurological Surgeons lence in clinical stroke

LeRoy Rabbani, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for out- Peter Scheiffele, Ph.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics: received standing teaching Simons Young Investigator Award to research the neural basis of autistic spectrum disorders Jai Radhakrishnan, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for out- standing teaching Ann Marie Schmidt, M.D., Surgery: elected to Association of American Physicians James A. Reiffel, M.D., Medicine: became one of first fellows named by Heart Rhythm Society David Shaffer, M.D., Psychiatry and Pediatrics: co-recipient of Ruane Prize for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research from Noel Robin, M.D., Medicine: received Columbia’s Charles W. NARSAD; received Catcher in the Rye award for advocacy from Bohmfalk Award for teaching in clinical years American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; received Klerman Award in recognition of extraordinary research and lead- Lorna Role, Ph.D., Anatomy and Cell Biology: received Sidney R. ership from Weill Cornell Medical College; and was made distin- Baer Prize for promising psychiatric research from NARSAD and guished life fellow of American Psychiatric Association McKnight Neuroscience of Brain Disorders Award Harry Shair, Ph.D., Psychiatry: served as guest editor of special edi- Allan Rosenfield, M.D., Obstetrics & Gynecology and dean of the tion of the journal Developmental Psychobiology in recognition of Mailman School of Public Health: received Planned Parenthood Myron A. Hofer Federation of America’s Margaret Sanger Award, Lifetime Achievement Award from New York Academy of Medicine, David N. Silvers, M.D., Dermatology: named teacher of the year Kenneth J. Ryan MD Physician Leadership Award, Health and for 2006 by dermatology residents at NewYork-Presbyterian Human Rights Leadership Award, American Legacy Foundation Hospital Public Health Leadership Award, and Coalition for School-Based Primary Care Child Health Award Samuel C. Silverstein, M.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics: received American Society for Cell Biology’s Bruce Alberts Melvin P. Rosenwasser, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: serves as presi- Award for excellence in science and was recognized by the U.S. dent of Foundation for Orthopedic Trauma Geological Survey for his participation in the 1966-67 American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition (the USGS named an Gorazd Rosoklija M.D., Ph.D., Neuroscience: elected to lifetime Antarctic peak, Mount Silverstein, in his honor) membership in Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Ethel S. Siris, M.D., Medicine: chosen as delegate at large to David Rothman, Ph.D., Medicine: co-chaired national group White House Conference on Aging appointed by American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation and Institute on Medicine as a Profession that issued a call to Scott Small, M.D., Neurology: received Columbia’s Harold and academic medical centers to reduce conflict of interest between Golden Lamport Research Award in clinical sciences physicians and drug companies James So, M.S., Radiology: received American College of Medical Rodney Rothstein, Ph.D., Genetics & Development: gave Herbert Physics Award Stern Lecture at University of California, San Diego, and gave Gregor Mendel lecture in Brno, Czech Republic Robert Solomon, M.D., Neurosurgery: named chairman of American Board of Neurological Surgery; named president of New David P. Roye Jr., M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: received Robert N. York State Neurosurgical Society; and named president-elect of Hensiger Clinical Scientific Award from Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of University Neurosurgeons Society of North America

Rothman Rothstein Roye Shaffer Silverstein siris Solomon

P&S Annual report 2006 | 39 Stone Strauss struhl Van Heertum Vitale Walsh

Melissa Stockwell, M.D., Pediatrics: received Ambulatory Pediatric B. Timothy Walsh, M.D., Psychiatry: received Price Family Award Association young investigator grant award for research excellence from National Eating Disorders Association and award from Association of American Publishers for best book Brian A. Stone M.D., Urology: began two-year term as president in clinical medicine (“Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental and chair of R. Frank Jones Urological Society Health Disorders,” edited by several physicians)

Robert J. Strauch, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: serves as president Dorothy Warburton, Ph.D., Genetics & Development: received of New York Society for Surgery of the Hand and was accepted to William Allan Award, most prestigious award given by American American Orthopaedic Association Society of Human Genetics

Nancy Strauss, M.D., Rehabilitation Medicine: received award from Marvin Wasserman, M.D., Psychiatry: received George S. Goldman New York Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Award for achievement in clinical psychoanalysis and psychoana- lytic education Gary Struhl, Ph.D., Genetics & Development: elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences Nancy Sabin Wexler, Ph.D., Neurology: elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences and governing council of Institute Nicole Suciu-Foca, Ph.D., Pathology: received Rose Payne of Medicine Distinguished Scientist Award from American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Hynek Wichterle, Ph.D., Pathology: received Basil O’Connor Starter Scholar Research Award from March of Dimes Kimara Targoff, M.D., Pediatrics: received best basic research abstract award at Department of Pediatrics assistant professor Gail Williams, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for outstand- pediatric research symposium ing teaching

Joe Terwilliger, Ph.D., Psychiatry: named Finland Distinguished Christopher Winfree, M.D., Neurosurgery: received Kline Award Professor by Academy of Finland from AANS/CNS section on spinal and peripheral nerve disorders

Dominique Toran-Allerand, M.D., Anatomy & Cell Biology and Darrell Yamashiro, M.D., Ph.D., Pediatrics and Pathology: received Obstetrics & Gynecology: received Distinguished Investigator Columbia’s Harold and Golden Lamport Research Award in clinical Award from NARSAD sciences and physician of the year award from Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital Stephen Tsang, M.D., Ph.D., Ophthalmology: received inau- gural ARVO/Alcon early clinician scientist research award from Chun Yip, M.D., Medicine: received Ewig Award for outstanding Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology teaching

Nehal Vadhan, Ph.D., Psychiatry: received early career investigator Ben Zalta, M.D., Radiology: received radiology’s teacher of the award from College on Problems of Drug Dependence and young year award investigator travel award from National Institute on Drug Abuse Ming Zhou, Ph.D., Physiology & Cellular Biophysics: named Pew Ronald Van Heertum, M.D., Radiology: received Holman-Kaplan Scholar by Pew Charitable Trusts and the University of California, Award from greater New York and New England chapters of San Diego; received Basil O’Connor Starter Scholar Research Society of Nuclear Medicine Award from March of Dimes; and was named Alfred P. Sloan Fellow by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Michael G. Vitale, M.D., Orthopedic Surgery: received Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America traveling fellowship; was elected to board of trustees of Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America; and was elected president of Brooklyn Orthopaedic Society

Warburton Wichterle Williams Winfree Yamashiro Zhou

40 | P&S Annual report 2006 The Year in Highlights 2005-2006

Education since 2001, rising from 8 percent of the entering class that year to 21 percent of the fall 2006 entering class. > The Glenda Garvey Teaching Academy named its P&S ranks among the top dozen medical schools in director and first 12 fellows (seven shown below left). the nation for minority recruitment. Thomas Garrett, M.D. (in center of photo), professor > “Enhancing Social and Behavioral Sciences in of clinical medicine, will guide and coordinate the Medical School,” a five-year, $1.35 million grant from activities of the new fellows. the NIH, will train P&S faculty in social and behav- > A comprehensive review of the medical school ioral sciences, preparing them to better instruct stu- curriculum goals and methods began with a two-day dents in issues such as patient behavior, health policy, retreat in October 2005 and accelerated under the lead- and professionalism. The project will be led by Rita ership of Ron Drusin, interim senior associate dean Charon, M.D., Ph.D., professor of clinical medicine for education, in the latter half of 2006. A task force of and director of the Narrative Medicine program. students and faculty has begun considering “revolution- > Interest in public health has increased since ary change,” including a shortening of the pre-clerkship 9/11, and biomedical informatics graduate programs classroom curriculum, more team-based learning, “in- reflect the increased interest. Several students are terludes” between clerkships to reinforce basic science enrolled in a new academic track in public health in- and cross-cutting topics, and the introduction of “areas formatics, conducted with Mailman School of Public of concentration” in the third and fourth years. Health faculty.

> Columbia opened its doors and classes to five visit- > Six P&S graduate students spent a week in New ing third- and fourth-year medical students (two shown Orleans in June 2006, volunteering with Common above far right) from Tulane University in New Orleans, Ground Relief, an organization founded in the wake of who arrived at P&S for clinical rotations after being dis- Hurricane Katrina. Common Ground Relief has evolved placed by Hurricane Katrina. Four of the five students into a collection of bioremediation projects, legal aid earned credit that transferred back to Tulane, while the centers, clinics, distribution centers, and one of the fifth was accepted at P&S as a transfer student. largest free house gutting projects in New Orleans. > Jeanine D’Armiento, M.D., Ph.D., (above center) > To help fourth-year P&S students develop the was appointed associate dean for gender equity and teaching skills they will need to instruct medical career development. In this new position, she will students during their residency years, the Center for guide the implementation of recommendations made Education Research and Evaluation and the Center by the Task Force on Women Faculty to enhance the for Family Medicine in the Department of Medicine role of women faculty and foster a climate of support cosponsored a series of workshops to help students and development for all faculty members. hone their teaching skills and make the transition from > Thanks to a $9 million bequest from philanthro- medical student to resident/teacher. pist Thelma Ewig to support clinical education, 12 > P&S has added a new mobile patient encounter Department of Medicine faculty were recognized for (MPE) system to track third-year students’ experiences clinical excellence. The new honors will be awarded with their patients during core clerkships. Students en- each year to four junior, four mid-career, and four ter information about their patient experiences via PDA, senior faculty members. desktop, or laptop computer, allowing the clerkship > Minority enrollment levels have tripled at P&S director and the Office of Curricular Affairs to monitor

P&S Annual report 06 | 41 each student’s activity and learning in each clerkship. Research > Faculty in the Center for Education Research and Evaluation, together with faculty from the emergency > Two low-tech diagnostic tools can significantly medicine and from Teachers College, have been awarded reduce precancerous cervical lesions, overcoming tra- a two-year $150,000 grant from the National Board ditional barriers to access of the more cumbersome of Medical Examiners’ Stemmler Fund for Medical and expensive Pap test for cervical cancer. In a large, Education Research. It is the second time that CERE has randomized, controlled trial, the two screen-and-treat received a grant from the Stemmler Fund within three methods – papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and grant cycles, and Columbia is one of only a few schools visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), followed by to have had this prestigious honor more than once. treatment using cryotherapy for all eligible women > Richard B. Robinson, Ph.D., (below) professor of with positive test results – performed as well as or pharmacology, was appointed associate dean of gradu- better than the Pap smear for identifying high-grade ate affairs. In overseeing graduate programs at P&S, he cervical cancer precursor lesions. The methods are also will take a leading role in training the next generation cost-effective and well received by women. Thomas of scientists. C. Wright Jr., M.D., principal investigator of the study > In June 2006, TeamWoRx, a bonding event that and professor of pathology, predicts that they will traditionally marks the beginning of medical students’ help to reduce mortality from cervical cancer, which is third year – their clinical year – shifted its focus from highly treatable and an unnecessary cause of death in

its usual team-building athletic events to working in the developing world. the community through service-learning projects. The > A simple, noninvasive test can identify the best transition week brought the class together for five full candidates for implantable cardioverter defibrillators days of skill building and orientation to address the (ICDs) to stop potentially fatal heart arrhythmias, ac- responsibilities of third year, including admitting and cording to a large, multicenter trial led by Columbia taking care of patients, working with hospital staff, researchers. The test, known as the Microvolt T-wave drawing blood, reading EKGs, and learning more Alternans (MTWA) test, can detect an electrical signal about professionalism. that can identify a heart likely to generate a life-threat- > “Casa Columbia,” a new facility to house Columbia ening rhythm disturbance, a signal too slight to be de- medical students and residents participating in the tected by the traditional electrocardiogram. Using the Columbia University International Family AIDS pro- test, physicians can identify patients most likely to ben- gram in the Dominican Republic, opened its doors in efit from ICDs and those who are unlikely to be helped. the summer of 2006. It can accommodate about 11 > Almost one-third of colon cancer patients stop students. The AIDS program is designed to offer in- chemotherapy prematurely, leading to a doubling of sight into the medical, social, and economic challenges the death rate, report Columbia researchers Alfred I. that global AIDS represents. Neugut, M.D., Ph.D., and Dawn L. Hershman, M.D. Using a national Medicare database to identify stage III colon cancer patients who received one to seven months of fluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy treatment, the researchers found that those who

42 | P&S Annual report 06 underwent five to seven months of treatment survived developing new technologies to rapidly screen large nearly twice as long as the 30.9 percent of patients who numbers of people for radiation exposure in the event received only one to four months of treatment. of a terrorist attack on a nuclear facility or the deto- > Cognitive impairment appears to be common in nation of a radiological “dirty bomb.” The team will people with ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), a pro- develop new devices that can assess, within a few days gressive motor neuron disorder, according to a study of a potentially catastrophic radiological incident, the led by Columbia scientists Yaakov Stern, Ph.D., and radiation doses received by hundreds of thousands colleagues. ALS was previously thought to affect only of individuals. The research, funded by a $25 mil- the motor system, but it is becoming increasingly lion grant from the National Institute of Allergy and clear that the symptoms are much broader: In the Infectious Diseases, capitalizes on Columbia’s long his- study, one-third of ALS patients showed cognitive tory of leadership in radiation sciences. impairment. > The osteoporosis drug raloxifene is just as effec- > Patients with carotid artery blockage have an tive as tamoxifen in preventing invasive breast cancer increased risk of stroke, even when they show none in postmenopausal women at risk for the disease, of the usual symptoms, such as limb weakness and according to the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene speech difficulties. Now, results from the largest-ever (STAR), led by Victor Grann, M.D., clinical professor multi-center U.S. registry on the efficacy of carotid of medicine and epidemiology and health policy and stenting show that the procedure is safe and beneficial management. Both drugs reduced the risk of devel-

in patients who are at high risk for standard surgical oping invasive breast cancer by about 50 percent. In therapy. The trial, led by Columbia researchers and addition, women who took raloxifene had 36 percent known as capture (Carotid acculink/accunet Post fewer uterine cancers and 29 percent fewer blood clots Approval Trial to Uncover Rare Events), is hoped to than the women who were assigned to take tamoxi- lead to re-examination, and eventual expansion, of fen. Unexpectedly, raloxifene was not as effective as current government coverage for this procedure for a tamoxifen in reducing the risk of noninvasive breast greater number of patients in need of this promising cancer. The next prevention trial, which will compare technology. raloxifene with an aromatase inhibitor, should start in > Despite costing roughly four times as much, four late spring 2007. relatively new drugs show no substantial advantage > PET imaging, already used widely in the study of over previous-generation antipsychotic medications the brain, may be used to track diabetes progression. used to treat schizophrenia. That was one of the key For years, doctors have been stymied in efforts to de- findings from the landmark NIMH-CATIE (Clinical velop a screening method to measure insulin-produc- Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness) ing beta cells: The pancreas, located deep within the trial, led by Columbia’s chairman of psychiatry, Jeffrey abdomen, is largely inaccessible to biopsies. Now, a Lieberman, M.D. (above left) The trial provides key in- preclinical study led by Paul Harris, Ph.D., a research sights for practitioners to use in choosing medications scientist in the Department of Medicine, shows that for patients with schizophrenia and also highlights the beta cells can be noninvasively imaged in rats using urgent need for new therapeutic options. PET. A clinical trial of the technique in humans has > Columbia Professor of Radiation Oncology David been launched at the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center. Brenner, Ph.D., (above right) will lead a consortium > Women are less likely than men to receive recom-

P&S Annual report 06 | 43 mendations from their doctors for preventive therapies > Faculty at Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital such as cholesterol-lowering drugs, aspirin therapy, and the Ambulatory Care Network of NewYork- and cardiac rehabilitation to protect against heart at- Presbyterian Hospital run a new program called WIN tacks and death, according to a study by Lori Mosca, for Asthma to reduce asthma-related emergency- M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of medicine and department visits, hospitalizations, and school absences director of the Columbia Center for Heart Disease by 25 percent to 50 percent for high-risk children. The Prevention. WIN for Asthma program, started through a $2 million grant, is just one of several community pediatrics pro- Patient Care grams administered by Columbia faculty. > Columbia surgeons performed 106 heart trans- > Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for treatment- plants in 2006. NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia has resistant depression is now available at Columbia, the the largest heart transplant program in the country; first institution in the New York area to open a clini- more than 1,700 transplants have been performed cal Brain Stimulation Service offering this therapy since the inception of its heart transplant program in psychiatry. VNS – which stands for vagus nerve in 1977. The 118 heart transplants performed at stimulation – is the first long-term therapy specifi- NewYork-Presbyterian in 2005 set a one-year record cally approved by the Food and Drug Administration for any American hospital in the history of heart for treatment-resistant depression. Major depressive transplantation.

disorder affects nearly 19 million Americans every > P&S faculty working in NewYork-Presbyterian year, and approximately 4 million of those do not re- Hospital form one of the largest stroke centers in the na- spond to multiple antidepressant treatments. In 2007, tion. The hospital has received stroke center designation the FDA will convene a panel hearing on the second from the New York State Department of Health and is device-based therapy to be reviewed for the depres- one of the first hospitals with a dedicated stroke center. sion indication: transcranial magnetic stimulation, or Columbia and the hospital started offering comprehen- TMS. The Columbia Brain Stimulation Division is a sive and coordinated care focused on stroke in 1983. leader in TMS research for depression and other disor- > Ground was broken (above) for NewYork- ders and was the lead institution in the New York area Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia’s new state-of-the-art for the TMS trial that generated the data the FDA will Vivian and Seymour Milstein Family Heart Center. review. Former President Bill Clinton, who underwent two > Peter Green, M.D., published “Celiac Disease: A cardiac surgeries at Columbia in 2004, attended the Hidden Epidemic” (Collins Books), raising awareness ceremony. The Heart Center, in a 142,000-square-foot of this little-known autoimmune disease. Celiac dis- freestanding building with six levels, will connect to ease is estimated to affect some 3 million Americans, the Milstein Hospital Building and the Herbert Irving but only about 3 percent currently receive treatment. Pavilion (formerly the Dana Atchley Pavilion). It is ex- Columbia’s Celiac Disease Center provides compre- pected to be completed in 2009. hensive medical care, including nutrition, for adult > NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital ranked sixth in and pediatric patients with celiac disease. The center the nation and first in New York City in U.S. News and diagnoses and treats more than 2,400 patients annually World Report’s 2006 listing of America’s best hospitals. from around the world.

44 | P&S Annual report 06 In New York Magazine’s annual poll of the metropoli- promote healthy aging, will link experts from a wide tan area’s best hospitals, NewYork-Presbyterian was spectrum of disciplines and turn the Allen Pavilion named the best hospital overall and best hospital in into a model of care for older adults. 10 areas of health care. In the annual ranking of New > The Avon Foundation Breast Imaging Center York City’s best doctors, Columbia physicians regularly and the Avon Foundation Breast Cancer Research are represented more than clinicians at other facilities. Laboratory opened (below) in Columbia’s Irving > Columbia surgeon Lloyd Ratner led New York Cancer Research Center. The two facilities will City’s first three-way kidney transplant at NewYork- provide access to screening and diagnostic services to Presbyterian Hospital. Dr. Ratner led 40 clinicians on underserved and uninsured women and conduct in- six transplant teams who worked simultaneously in six novative basic science research focused on improved operating rooms to transplant lifesaving kidneys into understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the three patients without compatible donors. disease. The imaging center offers state-of-the-art > Columbia Professor of Social Medicine David screening and diagnostic technology, including digi- Rothman, Ph.D., co-chaired a national group urging tal mammography, ultrasound-guided core biopsy, academic medical centers to restrict ties between stereotactic-core needle biopsy, and a mammography drug companies and physicians. The group published reporting system to track patient history and facilitate its report in the Journal of the American Medical timely follow-up. Association. Its recommendations included a ban on > The Faculty Practice Organization at P&S, made

drug and device industry gifts, including drug samples, up of nearly 1,200 physicians who treat patients at limits on individual relationships with industry, and Columbia and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, is the firewalls insulating institutional pharmaceutical and largest multi-specialty medical group between Boston device-related decisions from conflict. A number of and Baltimore. The FPO this year has taken steps to medical schools have adopted the recommendations. become more efficient and responsive to its members > Transient ischemic attacks, or “mini-strokes,” should and to patients, improving the experience for both be taken just as seriously as stroke and treated the same, provider and patient. Hard-working committees have according to new guidelines from the American Heart explored technology issues, patient services, malprac- Association/American Stroke Association. Columbia tice insurance, and staff training. The FPO hired its Associate Chairman of Neurology and Professor of first executive director, Michael Duncan, who, along Neurology and Epidemiology Ralph Sacco, M.D., with FPO president Richard U. Levine, M.D., (left to chaired the committee that authored the guidelines, right above) clinical professor of obstetric and gyne- which found that the greatest risk a stroke survivor faces cology, is helping the organization integrate sound is another stroke. business practices into clinical practice. > To better serve the aging population of northern Manhattan and the Bronx and create a nexus for education and clinical research in geriatric medicine, Columbia has launched a new division of geriatric medicine and aging based at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital’s Allen Pavilion in upper Manhattan. The new division, designed to prevent functional decline and

P&S Annual report 06 | 45 Development Highlights 2005-2006

Columbia University’s College of Physicians and the Brunie Scholars Program, which sponsors young Surgeons continues to benefit from generous con- scientists working in the field. This promises to pave tributions from individuals as well as philanthropic the way for significant developments in therapy for organizations. The college received gifts totaling $122 diseases of and injuries to the central nervous system. million during fiscal year 2006. The unique, close rela- Loren Eng and Dinakar Singh, whose contribu- tionship that P&S shares with its greater community tions enabled the creation of the Motor Neuron Center of friends and supporters allows it to fortify resources at CUMC, continue their support of research with a across a broad spectrum of disciplines. We have listed, special emphasis on discovering new therapies for spi- in alphabetical order, a few of the many significant nal muscular atrophy (SMA). commitments that have advanced the college’s mission Through a generous bequest, the estate of of treating disease, understanding the causes of illness, Thelma Ewig (below) has established the Ewig Clinical and educating future generations of physicians and Education Endowed Fund in the Department of scientists. The generosity of our donors is helping P&S Medicine, recognizing our best clinical educators and make great strides in defining the future of medicine. providing them with financial support for the portion P. Roy Vagelos (P&S’54), chairman of our of their time devoted to teaching activities. Defining the Future capital campaign, has provided The Gatsby Charitable Foundation has provided not only inspirational financial support, but also an a multi-year philanthropic grant relating to neural cir- extraordinary amount of time and energy in working cuitry. This year, the foundation’s support helped initi-

with volunteers and faculty to secure record levels of ate international collaboration in this endeavor with philanthropic funding. universities in Great Britain. The Dr. Robert C. Atkins Foundation has Once again, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Irving (above) established the Dr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins have expanded their extraordinary support of CUMC Professorship for Obesity Research to support research with a munificent pledge for the Irving Clinical into the causes of obesity in the hopes of developing Research Center and the work of the Herbert Irving new techniques for prevention and treatment. Comprehensive Cancer Center, whose mission is to The Avon Foundation has been a dedicated support- combat cancer through the development of better er of research and treatment of breast cancer at Columbia. therapies and a search for a cure. This year, we celebrated the opening of Columbia The Kavli Foundation continues to support the University’s Avon Foundation Breast Cancer Laboratory Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia under that will support innovative research in the field. the leadership of Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, M.D., Under the leadership of Angelica Berrie, the University Professor of Psychiatry, Physiology & Russell Berrie Foundation continues to be a stead- Cellular Biophysics, and Biochemistry & Molecular fast supporter of CUMC, contributing generously to Biophysics. The Kavli Institute focuses on the develop- the Russell Berrie Foundation Program in Cellular ment of novel experimental and computational strate- Therapy for Diabetes, the Berrie Family Diabetic gies for analyzing complex neural networks. Retinopathy Program, and the Naomi Berrie Award for Mr. and Mrs. Martin S. Kimmel established the Outstanding Achievement in Diabetes Research. Helen and Martin Kimmel Assistant Professorship in the Charles Brunie has provided support for the field Department of Ophthalmology to help the holder devel- of stem cell research; part of his philanthropy supports op a career in basic science or clinical vision research.

46 | P&S Annual report 06 Columbia Trustee Gerry Lenfest (Law’58) and his leadership gift providing much-needed unrestricted sup- wife, Marguerite, have provided significant support for port for clinical care and research in the Berrie Center. financial aid for students. P&S strives to offer the most Edward S. Reiner established the Reiner Center talented students admission, regardless of financial status. for Behavioral and Psychosomatic Medicine. The Longtime friends of CUMC, Stephen and Reiner Center promotes excellence in exploring the Constance Lieber continue to generously support influence of psychiatric, psychological, behavioral, and the Lieber Center for Schizophrenia Research. The genetic factors in illness. It also supports the Nathaniel Liebers have made numerous gifts to CUMC, includ- Wharton Professor of Behavioral and Psychosomatic ing the establishment of the Lieber Professorship, cur- Medicine, the Herbert H. and Ruth S. Reiner rently held by Dr. Jeffrey Lieberman, chairman of the Fellowship Fund, and the Edward S. Reiner Fund. Department of Psychiatry (below center). Mr. and Mrs. Michael Schneeweiss created Under the leadership of Robert Bendheim, the the Schneeweiss Research Fund in the Department Leon Lowenstein Foundation has provided generous of Ophthalmology, a current use fund to conduct support to the Robert and John M. Bendheim Clinic research on retinal disorders, through genetic thera- for Movement Disorders. The clinic offers care for py and retinal stem cells. patients with Parkinson’s disease and other move- Charlotte Schwarz endowed the Sanford and ment disorders. The Lowenstein Foundation made Charlotte V. Schwarz Professorship in Psychiatry, to be numerous gifts in several areas, including neurology, held by a nationally respected expert in psychosomatic

psychiatry, and medicine. psychiatry. The professorship supports teaching and Through the Katz Foundation, Lewis Katz has research that enhances the ability of health care profes- established the Katz Prizes for Cardiovascular Research sionals and students to understand the emotional reac- (above left), which recognizes the academic excellence tions of patients and families to illness and to improve of cardiologists both nationally and at Columbia. communication between caregivers and patients. The Mallah Family Foundation made an out- Frank Sica has made a generous contribution to the standing pledge to support cardiovascular care and medical center in support of the Pancreas Center. Under research in honor of Drs. Allan Schwartz and Mehmet the leadership of Dr. John Chabot, the Pancreas Center Oz, whose pioneering work in the fields of cardiology fosters a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and cardiac surgery targets some of our most urgent of pancreatic cancer and sponsors basic and clinical health care challenges. research to investigate the biology of the disease. Marianne and Allen Mebane made a generous Henry and Marilyn Taub continue to offer out- pledge to advance patient care, research, and education standing support to the Taub Institute for Research on in the Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases. The Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain. The institute Mebanes also supported research fellowships in is generating important insights into the pathogenesis of ophthalmology and urology. Alzheimer’s disease and various related cognitive disorders. Joseph and JoAnn M. Murphy extended their Leonard (above right) and Claire Tow generously support of the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center with a established the Claire Tow Professorship. The chair is generous pledge to fund the Christopher J. Murphy occupied by Thomas Jessell, Ph.D., an internationally Professorship for Diabetes Research in memory of their renowned neuroscientist, whose motor neuron research son. In addition, Mr. and Mrs. Murphy committed to a focuses on ALS.

P&S Annual report 06 | 47 Generous Donors 2005-2006

$1 Million and More Florence A. Eng and Dinakar Singh ATN/CAN Medical Treatment Fund American Heart Association, Inc. Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation Banbury Fund, Inc. The Dr. Robert C. Atkins Foundation Judith P. Sulzberger, M.D. '49 and Kathryn Fauss Patton Beal, M.D. '00 The Russell Berrie Foundation Budd Levinson and Bruce Beal, Jr. Angelica Berrie Henry & Marilyn Taub Foundation Wendy Belzberg and Strauss Zelnick The California Endowment Marilyn and Henry Taub Madge and Paul J. Bilka, M.D. '43 Carmel Hill Fund Claire and Leonard C. Tow, Ph.D. Breast Cancer Alliance, Inc. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Estate of Anne K. Weiskopf Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Donahue Family Foundation, Inc. Clyde and Helen Wu Family Foundation The Burch Family Foundation William J. Donahue Helen and Clyde Y.C. Wu, M.D. '56 Dale and Robert L. Burch, III Essel Foundation The Burroughs Wellcome Fund Estate of Thelma Ewig Cancer Research Institute $500,000 - $999,999 The Foundation Fighting Blindness, Inc. Frank Cardile Alzheimer’s Disease & Related Disorders Foundation for the National The Annie E. Casey Foundation, Inc. Association, Inc. Institutes of Health John A. Catsimatidis American Cancer Society The Gatsby Charitable Foundation Children's Digestive Health and Nutrition American Diabetes Association Research GlaxoSmithKline Foundation (CDHNF) Foundation, Inc. Virginia Granat Chiron Corporation Avon Products Foundation, Inc. Hope & Heroes Children’s Cancer Fund Communities Foundation of Texas, Inc. Robert Bendheim Institute on Medicine as a Charles A. Dana Estate of Mary V. & William Bourne Profession, Inc. Jimmy de Viel Castel Jean I. and Charles H. Brunie Foundation Florence and Herbert Irving Judith and Phil DiBella Charles H. Brunie, Jr. Jewish Communal Fund Rhodora and John F. Donahue The Dana Foundation The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Estate of Marie C. Fauth Juvenile Diabetes Research Dyer Family Foundation Diane Goldberg Foundation Foundation International David F. Dyer Lannie S. and Howard A. Lipson The Katz Foundation Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Leon Lowenstein Foundation, Inc. Marjorie Lewis and Lewis Katz, Esq. Josephine M. and John L. Eastman Irma and Paul Milstein The Kavli Foundation EBI, L.P. National Alliance for Research on Fred Kavli The Einhorn Family Charitable Trust Schizophrenia and Depression Helen Kimmel Foundation David Einhorn Hinda G. Rosenthal Helen and Martin S. Kimmel ELC Beauty, LLC The Richard and Hinda Marguerite and Gerry Lenfest Entertainment Industry Foundation Rosenthal Foundation The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Epstein Philanthropies Mary and Paul C. Schorr, IV Constance and Stephen A. Lieber Eye Surgery Fund, Inc. Ruth L. and Jerome A. Siegel The Yvette & Joel Mallah Fleur Fairman and Timothy N. The Simons Foundation Family Foundation Wallach, Esq. Marilyn and James H. Simons Darryl Mallah Ferring Research Institute, Inc. Miranda Wong Tang Yvette and Joel Mallah Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Joseph and Arlene Taub Foundation Sandra and Sheldon Mallah Fidelity Non-Profit Management Taybandz, Inc. The G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation Wade F. B. Thompson Foundation Marguerite B. Filson and Abraham The Leonard and Claire Tow Marianne and Allen Mebane Spector, Ph.D. Charitable Trust, Inc. Bette Midler Family Foundation Flight Attendant Medical Research Seymour & Vivian Milstein Fund Institute, Inc. Constance J. Milstein $100,000 - $499,999 Foundation for the Advancement of Cardiac Cheryl and Philip L. Milstein John W. Abene Therapies, Inc. JoAnn M. and Joseph M. Murphy Alcon Laboratories, Inc. The Michael J. Fox Foundation Muscular Dystrophy Association, Inc. Roger C. Altman and Jurate Kazickas Friends of the Congressional Glaucoma The New York Community Trust Altman/Kazickas Foundation Caucus Foundation, Inc. Parkinson's Disease Foundation, Inc. American Academy of Gambro 1998 Charitable Trust Pediatric Cancer Research Foundation Neurology Foundation Charlotte Geyer Foundation Pfizer Incorporated American Foundation for AIDS Research Claude P. J. Ghez, M.D. Edward S. Reiner American Legacy Foundation S. Parker Gilbert Robin Hood Foundation American Psychiatric Institute for Research Frank J. Gillespie Fund Susie and David John Sainsbury and Education Glaubinger Foundation Joan and Michael Schneeweiss American Red Cross Lucienne and Lawrence D. Glaubinger Charlotte Voelker Schwarz Anonymous (3) Goldman Philanthropic Partnerships G. Lynn Shostack and Terry Moore The Arthritis Foundation - Lillian Goldman Charitable Trust Frank V. Sica New York Chapter The Sol Goldman Charitable Trust

48 | P&S Annual report 06 Amy Goldman Arlene and Reuben Mark Susan and Dwight D. Sipprelle Jane Goldman T.J. Martell Foundation For Leukemia, The Jerry and Emily Spiegel Family Arlene & Arnold Goldstein Cancer and AIDS Research Foundation, Inc. Family Foundation The Matheson Foundation, Inc. Emily and Jerry Spiegel Arlene and Arnold Goldstein James S. McDonnell Foundation Radine and William Spier Du Val R. Goldthwaite Mebane Charitable Foundation, Inc. Stanley Medical Research Institute Howard L. Gottlieb Living Trust Medical Illness Counseling Center The Starr Foundation Howard Gottlieb Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Ruth and Milton Steinbach Fund, Inc. William Randolph Hearst Foundation Lore and Paul R. Mendelsohn Joseph and Diane Steinberg 1992 The Helis Foundation CJM Foundation Charitable Trust The William and Flora Jennifer Weis Monsky Diane H. and Joseph S. Steinberg Hewlett Foundation Moody’s Foundation Alexander & Margaret Stewart Trust Hickey Family Foundation Alonzo H. Mourning The Swartz Foundation The Irma T. Hirschl Trust National Foundation for Cancer Research Adele Hall Sweet Martin H. Hoffman Charlene and James M. Nederlander Swim Across America Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. The New York Academy of Medicine The Tamarind Foundation, Inc. Howard Hughes Medical Institute New York Stem Cell Foundation, Inc. Arlene and Joseph Taub Human Frontier Science Program Samuel I. Newhouse Foundation, Inc. The Susan Thompson Buffet Foundation Huntington’s Disease Society of America Susan and Donald E. Newhouse The Vidda Foundation Frederick J. Iseman Octoberwoman Foundation Joan and George A. Violin, M.D. '67 Mary and Michael Jaharis, Jr. Organogenesis, Inc. Waldo Foundation Incorporated John and Cynthia Reed Foundation Audrey Wallace Otto Miriam & Ira D. Wallach Foundation Joseph LeRoy & Ann C. Warner Fund Inc. Association of Alumni of the College Miriam and Ira D. Wallach, Esq. The Lynne & Richard Kaiser of Physicians and Surgeons of The Wellcome Trust Family Foundation Columbia University Whitehall Foundation, Inc. Lynne Kaiser The David and Lucile Packard Foundation The Helen Hay Whitney Foundation W.K. Kellogg Foundation Ara Parseghian Medical Research The Widgeon Point Charitable Foundation Joelle and Brian G. Kelly Foundation Norman & Rosita Winston Foundation, Inc. Katheryn Clewes Patterson and Partners Health Care System Wipeout Leukemia Forever Foundation, Inc. Thomas L. Kempner, Jr. Pediatric Cancer Foundation Monica R. and Jerome C. Wood Helen and Martin Kimmel Foundation Tor Peterson Wyeth Pharmaceuticals M. Kimmel Revocable Trust The Picower Foundation Zelnick Belzberg Charitable Trust Calvin Klein Family Foundation Joan and Fred E. Pittman, M.D. '59 Zo’s Fund for Life Kelly and Calvin Klein Estate of Kenneth S. Pratt Saul & Marion Kleinkramer Foundation Project A.L.S., Inc. $50,000 - $99,999 Marion and Saul Kleinkramer Ilona and Donald O. Quest, M.D. '70 Oded Aboodi Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation Homer McK. Rees Aircast Incorporated The Greater New York City Affiliate Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation Hind and Omar Alghanim of the Susan G. Komen Breast Monterey Fund, Inc. Rita Allen Foundation Cancer Foundation Bobbi and Robert Reitzes Philip D. Allen Carol and R. Duff Kurland Research to Prevent Blindness Allergan, Inc. Rebecca Jane Kurth, M.D. '87 and Randolph Endowment Fund Alpha One Foundation, Inc. S. Marshall Maud and William S. Robertson American Association for the Study Helaine and Sidney Lerner Barbara and John R. Robinson of Liver Diseases Richard W. Levine Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller Fund American College of Surgeons Harold and Shari Levy Fund Aaron, Martha, Isidore N. & Blanche American Foundation for Harold Levy Rosansky Foundation Suicide Prevention The Lincy Foundation Louis & Rachel Rudin Foundation, Inc. American Geriatrics Society, Inc. Lannie S. & Howard A. Lipson Fund Jack Rudin American Liver Foundation Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Gerald E. Rupp, Esq. American Lung Association of New York Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. The S. L. E. Lupus Foundation, Inc. American Parkinson Disease Association, Inc. Lupus Research Institute, Inc. Zita and Clinton Sachs, M.D. American Skin Association, Inc. Lyme Disease Association, Inc. The Sallie Foundation, Inc. The American Society of Hematology Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation The Sandler Family Supporting Foundation American Thoracic Society, Inc. Adrienne Helis Malvin Sanofi-Aventis ALS Association Ines Mandl, Ph.D. The Dorothy Schiff Foundation Anonymous Manhasset Women’s Coalition Against Breast Martha E. Schnebly Fund Angele Arbib Cancer Martha Elizabeth Schnebly and Arthritis National Research Foundation March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation Enid M. Lawlor Carol and Robert O. Baratta, M.D. '66 The Mark Family Fund Cynthia and Thomas P. Sculco, M.D. '69

P&S Annual report 06 | 49 Estelle P. Bender, M.D. '68 and T. Margot and Fred S. Kann The Peter Jay Sharp Foundation Richard Fishbein KAO Corporation William and Jacqueline Shaw Family George A. Bernacchia The Kaplen Foundation Foundation, Inc. The Louise T. Blouin Foundation Harold J. Kaufmann Beth and David E. Shaw, Ph.D. Julia and Elliott D. Blumenthal, Jr., M.D. '43 Karen A. & Kevin W. Kennedy Foundation William Shaw Gladys Brooks Foundation Karen Andresen Kennedy, M.D. '91 and Ned & Emily Sherwood Foundation Charitable Endowment Kevin W. Kennedy Emily and Ned L. Sherwood The Chicago Community Trust Kenner Foundation, Inc. Donna and Harvey Sorkin The Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund Jeffrey L. Kenner Nancy and Paul Sortino Rhoda Cohen The Thomas D. Klingenstein & Nancy D. Vada and Theodore R. Stanley The CRH Foundation Perlman Family Fund, Inc. Stony Wold-Herbert Fund, Inc. Filomen M. D’Agostino Foundation Corp. Thomas D. Klingenstein and Martha Washington Straus-Harry H. Straus Andrew G. Dean Nancy Perlman Foundation, Inc. Dermatology Foundation Sarah-Ann and Werner H. Kramarsky Barbara and Robert E. Swanson Marcia and Alan K. Docter Bernard & Dorothy Layton Foundation Sycamore Fund Anthony Donn, M.D. '51 Ann and Burton J. Lee, III, M.D. '56 The V Foundation DuBose & Dorothy Heyward The Lehman Brothers Foundation Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Memorial Fund Barbara J. Leibowitz Foundation Mary and Patrick Donal Duff David A. Leibowitz Patricia G. and Robert F. Weis The Dyson Foundation The Liman Foundation Virginia and Stanley Edelman, M.D. '53 Ellen Liman The Eden Communications Group, Inc. Faith G. Golding and Peter J. Linden, M.D. Charles Edison Fund Ethel E. and Hilary J. Lipsitz The EJLB Foundation Karin H. Ludlow Eli Lilly and Company Marc Lustgarten Pancreatic The Ellison Medical Foundation Cancer Foundation Emerald Foundation, Inc. Louise T. Blouin MacBain Faith Golding Foundation, Inc. Macula Vision Research Foundation Gloria and Hilliard Farber Barbara and David I. Margolis Maureen and Robert Feduniak Salvatore P. Marra Foundation Foundation for Digestive Health John A. McCrane and Nutrition The McKnight Endowment Fund Joan and Z. Y. Fu for Neuroscience The G & P Charitable Foundation Medical Liability Mutual Insurance Co. The Colleen Giblin Foundation, Inc. Medtronic, Inc. Alexandra and Robert G. Goelet Claire S. and Harold G. Melville The Arnold P. Gold Foundation Merck & Co., Inc. Sandra and Arnold P. Gold, M.D. The John Merck Fund Goldman Sachs & Company SVM Foundation Julie Gould Fund Vivian Milstein Green Drake Corporation Jacqueline and Thomas Q. Morris, M.D. '58 Filomena M. D’Agostino Greenberg National Alliance for Autism Research, Inc. Guidant Foundation, Inc. Henry Nias Foundation, Inc. Milton and Miriam Handler Foundation Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Inc. Cecily and Robert M. Harris Nutrition Impact LLC Richard Hatch Marcia and Howard Owens, M.D. '71 Estate of Irma T. Hirschl Estate of Elmer Pader, M.D. '51 Joy and Stanley Hsiao-Yea Ho Andrew Pujol Estate of Carolyn Joanne Hodel Ariel Recanati Hospital for Special Surgery Reckitt Benckiser North America Howard and Marcia Owens Charitable Trust Charles H. Revson Foundation, Inc. George Frederick Jewett Foundation Charles Revson George Frederick Jewett, Jr. Fanny & Stephen Rosenak Foundation The Jewish Guild for the Blind Susan and Gary S. Rosenbach Joan's Legacy: The Joan Scarangello May and Samuel Rudin Family Foundation to Conquer Lung Cancer Foundation, Inc. The Howard Johnson Foundation The Norman & Barbara Seiden Foundation Patricia and Howard B. Johnson Barbara and Norman J. Seiden

50 | P&S Annual report 06 In Memoriam

We mourn the recent loss of these friends and faculty of the College of Physicians & Surgeons:

Charles Deb Allen, M.D. '61 Rejane M. Harvey, M.D. '43 Marjorie Pullman Arnold M. Behrer, Jr., M.D. '43 Robert E. Johnson, M.D. '45 Herman Roiphe, M.D. '51 Richard E. Bettigole, M.D. '57 Robert H. Jones, M.D. '59 Jacob A. Rosenkrantz, M.D. '38 Thomas B. Bradley, Jr., M.D. '54 Andrew Howard Kaplan, M.D. '85 Peter T. Rowley, M.D. '55 Dorothy W. Brewer, M.D. '43 Peter F. Karches William J. Ruane Lealand L. Clark, M.D. '56 John P. Kengeter, M.D. '47 Edwin A. Rudinger, M.D. '55 Elsa B. Cohen, M.D. '66 E. Henry King, M.D. '55 William Schirmer, M.D. '43 Jean L. Cook, M.D. '47 Peter F. Kohler, M.D. '61 Michael Schlessinger, M.D. '37 Howard B. Corning, M.D. '61 Leonard Leventer, M.D. '64 Gerald M. Schumann, M.D. '33 Stuart W. Cosgriff, M.D. '42 Arthur Levine James H. Schwartz, M.D. Paul L. Davidson, M.D. '54 Gidro Frank Lothar, M.D. '48 Gregory E. Scott, M.D. '74 Vincent DeLalla, Jr., M.D. '42 Henry Luce, III H. Gerard Siek, Jr., M.D. '52 James Dick, M.D. '44 Arthur E. Mittnacht, M.D. '45 W. Pierce Smith, M.D. '53 Robert N. Dunn, M.D. '69 Philip O'B Montgomery, Jr., M.D. '45 F. Irby Stephens, M.D. '40 Lowell L. Eddy, M.D. '39 David B. Moore, M.D. '44 Cornelius J. Tyson, Jr., M.D. '43 Arthur W. Epstein, M.D. '47 Scott Murphy, M.D. '62 Ernest A. Wacker, M.D. '58 Robert E. Erler, M.D. '40 Charles Neave, M.D. '58 Elizabeth B. Watkins, M.D. '51 Arthur W. Feinberg, M.D. '45 Simon Ohanessian, M.D. '55 Clarence E. Woodward, M.D. '45 Mary Stuart Fisher, M.D. '48 John C. O'Loughlin, M.D. '52 Max Yergan, Jr., M.D. '46 Edward B. Gardner, M.D. '47 Edward A. Oppenheimer, M.D. '62 Greg Alan Yolowitz, M.D. '83 Joe R. Gerson Jack H. Oppenheimer, M.D. '53 Arthur Zankel Michael I. Gluck John W. Ormsby, M.D. '57 Balfour Golden Elmer Pader, M.D. '51 John W. Griffin, Jr., M.D. '40 Homer D. Peabody, Jr., M.D. '44 Robert A. Gutstein, M.D. '62 Irvin C. Plough, M.D. '45

William J. Ruane (1925-2005)

Beyond his distinguished career as both investor and philanthropist, William J. Ruane may have been best known among friends for his modest nature. Those who knew him and who benefited from his generosity can attest to his remarkable commitment to service. Though he shied away from public recognition, the extent of his contributions to organizations aiding the disadvantaged, and children in particular, is remarkable. The activities he championed at the College of Physicians & Surgeons and its Department of Psychiatry are too numerous to cite in entirety but include the TeenScreen program and other initiatives designed to help vulnerable youth. His passing leaves us bereft of an extraordinary friend and benefactor, but his legacy and the causes he worked tirelessly to promote will endure.

P&S Annual report 06 | 51 Columbia University Susan Fuirst Senior Administration, Columbia Trustees Committee on Oscar Garfein, M.D. University Medical Center the Health Sciences Louis Gary Clyde Y.C. Wu, M.D., Chairman Philip Goelet, Ph.D. Lee C. Bollinger, J.D. Stephen H. Case Sandra O. Gold, Ed.D. President of the University Patricia M. Cloherty Ernest Haas Alan Brinkley, Ph.D. Kenneth Forde, M.D. Daniel Hauser, Ph.D. Provost of the University and Dean of Marilyn Laurie Helen S. Hintz the Faculties Michael B. Rothfeld Abi Aboodi Hoffman Savio Tung Herbert Irving Lee Goldman, M.D. Faye Wattleton Ellen Jewett Executive Vice President for Health and Barbara Jonas Biomedical Sciences and Dean of the Columbia University Medical Center Vera Joseph, M.D. Faculties of Health Sciences and Medicine Board of Visitors Pasty Kahn David Hirsh, Ph.D. Eugene Braunwald, M.D. Cindie Kastenbaum Executive Vice President for Research Paul Brown, M.D. Henry L. King Gail Cassell, Ph.D. E. Peter Krulewitch Ira B. Lamster, D.D.S., M.M.Sc. Thomas J. Connolly, D.D.S. Eugene M. Lang Dean, College of Dental Medicine Richard Elias, M.D. Burton J. Lee III, M.D. Allan Rosenfield, M.D. Loren Eng Deanna Levine Dean, Mailman School of Public Health Daniel Federman, M.D. Constance Lieber Michael Jaharis Ethel Lipsitz Mary O’Neil Mundinger, Dr.P.H., R.N. Paul Marks, M.D. Hildegarde Mahoney Dean, School of Nursing Allen Mebane Phyllis Mailman Thomas Jackiewicz, M.P.H. Philip Milstein John H. Manice Chief Operating Officer Joseph M. Murphy Paul A. Marks, M.D. William Peck, M.D. Ariane M.H. Matschullat Joanne Quan, M.A. Cecil B. Pickett, Ph.D. William F. May Chief Financial Officer John W. Rowe, M.D. Guri McKinnell Susan S. Stalcup, B.A., CFP G. Lynn Shostack Allen Mebane Vice President for Development Richard Silverman Constance Milstein Dinakar Singh Shelby Modell Marilyn L. Castaldi, M.B.A. Judith P. Sulzberger, M.D. JoAnn M. Murphy Chief Communications Officer Miranda Tang Joseph M. Murphy Ross Frommer, J.D. Leonard C. Tow, Ph.D. Fred F. Nazem Deputy Vice President for Government and Savio Tung Patricia Papper Community Affairs P. Roy Vagelos, M.D. Gordon Pattee Torsten Wiesel, M.D. Ponchitta Pierce Robert Lemieux, B.A., M.S. Clyde Wu, M.D. John Pinto Deputy Vice President for Facilities Management Columbia-Presbyterian Irene Pollin Health Sciences Advisory Council, Stuart Rabin Patricia Sachs Catapano, J.D. 2006 Richard S. Rivlin, M.D. Associate General Counsel Elaine Samson Roger Barnett Joan Schneeweiss Allan Formicola, D.D.S. Jeremiah A. Barondess, M.D. Mark Schwartz Vice Dean of the Center for Community Page Morton Black Steven Segal Health Partnerships Charles Brunie G. Lynn Shostack P. Paul Alexander, M.P.A. Joan O. Camins Ruth Siegel Bryan J. Carey Associate Vice President for Human Wilma Bulkin Siegel, M.D. Resources John K. Castle, Chairman John Stafford Thomas L. Chrystie Judith Sulzberger, M.D. Kathleen Crowley, M.P.H. Maureen A. Cogan Suzanne Sunshine Associate Vice President, Environmental Rhoda Cohen Doris Tananbaum Health and Safety/Environmental Health Ron Cohen, M.D. Jeff C. Tarr and Radiation Safety Stephen Cohen, M.D. Vincent Tese Jeffrey Davis, J.D. Sue Dalsemer John Tognino James J. Daly Associate Vice President for HIPAA Doris F. Tulcin Compliance/Privacy Officer Robert K. Dresing Gerard Turino, M.D. Abigail Black Elbaum Kathleen Walas Patricia Molholt, Ph.D. Richard Elias, M.D. Audrey Weiderlight, Ph.D. Associate Vice President and Associate Loren Eng Dayna J. Wilkinson Dean for Scholarly Resources Gloria Farber, Ed.D. Joseph Williams Frank Moore, Ph.D. Phyllis R. Farley Ruth Wooden Mark Fisch Associate Vice President for Information Clyde Y. Wu, M.D. Resources

52 | P&S Annual report 06 Renee Riley, M.S. Jeanine D’Armiento, M.D., Ph.D. Michael Shelanski, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Vice President for Residence Associate Dean for Gender Equity and Frances E. Delafield Professor and Halls, University Housing Career Development Chairman of Pathology Jeffrey A. Szmulewicz, M.A. Walter Franck, M.D. B. Timothy Walsh, M.D. Associate Vice President for Biomedical Associate Dean, Bassett Healthcare Ruane Professor of Psychiatry Communications Andrew Frantz, M.D. Department Chairs Diane Lloyd Yaeger, J.D. Associate Dean for Admissions (as of Dec. 1, 2006) Associate Vice President and Chief Ernest Hart, J.D. Compliance Officer Anesthesiology Chief Administrative Officer, Harlem Margaret Wood, M.D. Bonita Eaton Enochs, M.A. Hospital Center Assistant Vice President for External Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Michael Herman, M.D. Relations & Director of Publications Arthur G. Palmer, Ph.D. (interim) Associate Dean, St. Vincent’s Hospital Michelle Gelber, B.A. in Bridgeport Biomedical Informatics Assistant Vice President, Development Edward Shortliffe, M.D., Ph.D. Hilda Y. Hutcherson, M.D. Jeannine Jennette, M.P.A. Associate Dean for Diversity and Dermatology Associate Director for Public Safety Minority Affairs David R. Bickers, M.D. Anne Jacobs McWilliams, M.A. Anke Nolting, Ph.D. Genetics & Development Assistant Vice President, Biomedical Associate Dean for Alumni Relations Gerard Karsenty, M.D., Ph.D. Communications and Development Medicine Jean Ford Keane, B.A. Noel Robin, M.D. David Brenner, M.D. Assistant Vice President, Development Associate Dean, Stamford Health System Microbiology William D. Marchand Richard B. Robinson, Ph.D. Aaron Mitchell, Ph.D. (interim) Assistant Vice President for Facilities Associate Dean for Graduate Affairs Neurological Surgery Management William Rosner, M.D. Robert A. Solomon, M.D. Robin Rosenbluth, B.A. Associate Dean, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Neurology Assistant Vice President, Development Hospital Center Timothy Pedley, M.D. Ann Viney, B.A. Fred Loweff, M.P.A. Neuroscience Assistant Vice President, Development Assistant Dean for Graduate Affairs John Koester, Ph.D. (interim) George Gasparis, B.S. Thomas Garrett, M.D. Obstetrics & Gynecology Executive Director, Institutional Review Board Director, Glenda Garvey Teaching Academy Mary E. D’Alton, M.D. College of Physicians & Surgeons Executive Committee of the Ophthalmology Faculty Council Lee Goldman, M.D., Dean Stanley Chang, M.D. Asa Abeliovich, M.D., Ph.D. Steven Shea, M.D. Assistant Professor of Pathology and Orthopedic Surgery Vice Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Neurology Louis U. Bigliani, M.D. Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs Barbara Barlow, M.D. Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery Marian Carlson, Ph.D. Professor of Surgery Lanny Garth Close, M.D. Vice Dean for Research Julia Glade Bender, M.D. Pathology Ronald E. Drusin, M.D. Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Michael Shelanski, M.D., Ph.D. Senior Associate Dean for Education (Interim) Timothy Bestor, Ph.D. Pediatrics Professor of Genetics and Development John M. Driscoll, M.D. Richard U. Levine, M.D. President, Faculty Practice Organization Gary Brittenham, M.D. Pharmacology Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Robert S. Kass, Ph.D. Michael Duncan, B.S. Executive Director, Faculty Practice Lucian Del Priore, M.D., Ph.D. Physiology & Cellular Biophysics Organization Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Andrew Marks, M.D. John T. Herbert, M.D., M.B.A. George Hripcsak, M.D. Psychiatry Senior Associate Dean, Harlem Professor and Vice Chairman of Jeffrey Lieberman, M.D. Hospital Center Biomedical Informatics Radiation Oncology Robert Lewy, M.D. James McKiernan, M.D. Philip O. Alderson, M.D. (interim) Senior Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs Assistant Professor of Urology Radiology and Health and Safety Richard Polin, M.D. Philip O. Alderson, M.D. Lisa Mellman, M.D. Professor of Pediatrics Rehabilitation Medicine Senior Associate Dean for Student Affairs Nancy E. Strauss, M.D. (interim)

P&S Annual report 06 | 53 Surgery Institute for Cancer Genetics Departmental Centers and Directors Eric Rose, M.D. Riccardo Dalla-Favera, M.D. Anesthesiology Urology Institute for Gene Research Pain Medicine Center Mitchell Benson, M.D. Maxwell Gottesman, M.D., Ph.D. Michael Weinberger, M.D. Interdepartmental Centers and Institute of Comparative Medicine Biomedical Informatics Institutes and Directors Thomas Martin, DVM, Ph.D. New York State Center for Advanced Arteriosclerosis Research Center Institute of Human Nutrition Information Management Alan Tall, M.D. Richard J. Deckelbaum, M.D. Edward H. Shortliffe, M.D., Ph.D. Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center International Center for Health Outcomes Dermatology Robin S. Goland, M.D. and Innovation Research (InCHOIR) Skin Diseases Research Center Rudolph L. Leibel, M.D. Annetine Gelijns, Ph.D. David R. Bickers, M.D. Alan J. Moskowitz, M.D. Center for Bioethics Medicine Ruth L. Fischbach, Ph.D., M.P.E. Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Riccardo Dalla-Favera, M.D. Center for Advanced Cardiac Care Center for Computational Biology and Donna Mancini, M.D. Bioinformatics (C2B2) Irving Center for Clinical Research Andrea Califano, Ph.D. Henry N. Ginsberg, M.D. Center for Women’s Health Research Barry Honig, Ph.D. and Education Kavli Institute for Brain Science Elsa-Grace V. Giardina, M.D. Center for Emergency Medicine Eric Kandel, M.D. James Giglio, M.D. Columbia Center for the Active Life of W.M. Keck Center for Cognition and Plasticity Minority Elders Center for Family Medicine Michael Goldberg, M.D. Rafael A. Lantigua, M.D. Kathleen Klink, M.D. Morton A. Kreitchman PET Center Toni Stabile Osteoporosis Center Center for Human Genetics Ronald Van Heertum, M.D. Ethel S. Siris, M.D. Angela Christiano, Ph.D. New York Obesity Research Center Neurological Surgery Center for Molecular Recognition (St. Luke’s-Roosevelt) Arthur Karlin, Ph.D. F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, M.D., M.P.H. Brain Tumor Center Rudolph L. Leibel, M.D. Steven S. Rosenfeld, M.D., Ph.D. Center for Neurobiology and Behavior John Koester, Ph.D. Sackler Institute for Developmental Center for Movement Disorder Surgery Psychobiology Blair Ford, M.D. Center for Neuroscience Initiatives Myron Hofer, M.D. Robert R. Goodman, M.D., Ph.D. Sarah Caddick, Ph.D. Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center Neuro-oncology Center Center for Radiological Research Richard Mayeux, M.D., M.Sc. Jeffrey N. Bruce, M.D. Eric J. Hall, D.Phil., D.Sc. Morris W. Stroud III Center for Study of Pediatric Neurosurgery Center Center for the Study of Society Quality of Life Neil A. Feldstein, M.D. and Medicine Barry Gurland, FRC Physicians (London) David J. Rothman, Ph.D. Spine Center and FRC Psychiatry Paul C. McCormick, M.D. Center for Theoretical Neuroscience Judith P. Sulzberger, M.D. Columbia Laurence Abbott, Ph.D. Neurology Genome Center Kenneth Miller, Ph.D. Brain Tumor Center James E. Rothman, Ph.D. Steven S. Rosenfeld, M.D., Ph.D. Center on Medicine as a Profession Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s David J. Rothman, Ph.D. Center for Movement Disorder Surgery Disease and the Aging Brain Blair Ford, M.D. Columbia-Rockefeller Center for Richard Mayeux, M.D., M.Sc. Robert R. Goodman, M.D., Ph.D. AIDS Research Michael Shelanski, M.D., Ph.D. Scott Hammer, M.D. Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Disorders Columbia University Immunology Center Cardiology Stanley Fahn, M.D. Kathryn Calame, Ph.D. Andrew Marks, M.D. Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Diabetes and Endocrinology Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Frank G. Gilliam, M.D., M.P.H. Research Center Darryl De Vivo, M.D. Domenico Accili, M.D. Christopher Henderson, Ph.D. Doris & Stanley Tananbaum Center for Rudolph L. Leibel, M.D. Serge Przedborski, M.D., Ph.D. Cerebrovascular Diseases Lewis Rowland, M.D., Honorary Director J.P. Mohr, M.D.

54 | P&S Annual report 06 Dystonia Research Center Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery Ruane Center for Early Identification of Stanley Fahn, M.D. Voice and Swallowing Center Mood Disorders David Shaffer, M.D. Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Jonathan Aviv, M.D. Research Center Thomas Murry, Ph.D. Stanley Medical Research Institute Center Hiroshi Mitsumoto, M.D. Pathology for Applied Neuroscience of Bipolar Serge Przedborski, M.D., Ph.D. Disorders Center for Advanced Laboratory Medicine John Mann, M.D. Huntington’s Disease Center Daniel Fink, M.D. Karen S. Marder, M.D. Moody Foundation Family Center for Early Pediatrics Detection and Prevention in Offspring of H. Houston Merritt Center for Center for Prenatal Pediatrics Individuals with Bipolar Disorder Neuromuscular Disorders Richard Polin, M.D. Maria A. Oquendo, M.D. Salvatore DiMauro, M.D. Child Advocacy Center Substance Abuse Medications Development Lucy G. Moses Center for Memory and Jocelyn Brown, M.D. Center Behavior Herbert D. Kleber, M.D. Karen S. Marder, M.D. Children’s Cardiovascular Health Center Allan Hordof, M.D. Substance Use Research Center Spinal Muscular Atrophy Clinical Research Thomas Starc, M.D. Richard W. Foltin, Ph.D. Center Christine Williams, M.D. Darryl C. De Vivo, M.D. Women’s Research Center Children’s Digestive Health Center Suzette M. Evans, Ph.D. Obstetrics & Gynecology Joseph Levy, M.D. Center for Ovarian Cancer Screening HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Carmel Cohen, M.D. Children’s Lung Center Studies Michael Bye, M.D. Anke A. Ehrhardt, Ph.D. Center for Perinatal Research Ronald Wapner, M.D. Cystic Fibrosis Center Radiation Oncology Lynne Quittell, M.D. Center for Radiosurgery Center for Prenatal Pediatrics Steven R. Isaacson, M.D. Lynn Simpson, M.D. Cystic Fibrosis Referral Center for Susceptibility & Synergy Studies Michael Sisti, M.D. Center for Reproductive Sciences Lisa Saiman, M.D. Radiology Mary E. D’Alton, M.D. Herbert Irving Child & Adolescent Hatch Research Center Multiple Birth Center Oncology Center Truman Brown, Ph.D. (director of mag- Mary E. D’Alton, M.D. Michael Weiner, M.D. netic resonance research) Center for Women’s Reproductive Care Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Center Robert DeLaPaz, M.D. (medical director) Mark Sauer, M.D. Robyn Barst, M.D. Functional MRI Research Center Center for Pelvic Reconstruction Perinatal Emphasis Research Center Joy Hirsch, Ph.D. Jody Blanco, M.D. Raymond Stark, M.D. Biomedical Engineering Imaging Center Ophthalmology Pharmacology Andrew Laine, D.Sc. Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Clinical Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics Rehabilitation Medicine Center in Vision Michael R. Rosen, M.D. Programs in Occupational Therapy Stanley Chang, M.D. (Acting) Psychiatry Janet Falk-Kessler, Ed.D. Orthopedic Surgery Carmel Hill Center Programs in Physical Therapy Anne Youle Stein Center for Orthopedic Laurie Flynn Risa Granick, Ed.D., MPA, PT Education and Research Louis U. Bigliani, M.D. Center for the Advancement of Children’s Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Center for Mental Health Complementary & Alternative Medicine Center for Hip and Knee Replacement Peter Jensen, M.D. Fredi Kronenberg, Ph.D. William B. Macaulay Jr., M.D. Center for the Promotion of Mental Health Surgery Center for Orthopaedic Research in Juvenile Justice Aortic Surgery Program Francis Y. Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Gail A. Wasserman, Ph.D. Allan S. Stewart, M.D. Theodore A. Blaine, M.D. Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Center for Chest Disease & Respiratory Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Research Failure Medicine Robert A. Glick, M.D. Mark E. Ginsburg, M.D. Louis U. Bigliani, M.D. David Mahoney Center for Brain & Center for Extracorporeal Membrane Trauma Training Center Behavior Research Oxygenation Melvin P. Rosenwasser, M.D. Michael Goldberg, M.D. Charles J.H. Stolar, M.D. Lieber Schizophrenia Research Center Jeffrey Lieberman, M.D.

P&S Annual report 06 | 55 Center for Lung Disease and Pediatric Minimal Access Surgery Program Affiliated Hospitals Transplantation Jeffrey Zitsman, M.D. P&S affiliated hospitals: Joshua R. Sonett, M.D. Pediatric Trauma Program Selim M. Arcasoy, M.D. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, William Middlesworth, M.D. New York, NY Chronic Wound Care Center Robotically Assisted Cardiac Surgery Arnot Ogden Medical Center, Elmira, NY Harold Brem, M.D. Program Isabella Geriatric Center, New York, NY Colorectal Care Center Michael Argenziano, M.D. Harlem Hospital, New York, NY R. Lawrence Whelan, M.D. Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Surgical Atrial Fibrillation Program Cooperstown, NY Columbia Hyperhidrosis Center Michael Argenziano, M.D. New York State Psychiatric Institute, Lyall A. Gorenstein, M.D. Transplant Center (liver, lung, heart) New York, NY Comprehensive Adolescent Bariatric Jean C. Emond, M.D. St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Surgery Program New York, NY Tumor Immunotherapy Program Jeffrey Zitsman, M.D. Howard L. Kaufman, M.D. P&S/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Comprehensive Breast Center Ulcer and Wound Healing Center affiliated hospitals: Freya R. Schnabel, M.D. Nicholas Morrissey, M.D. Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY Craniofacial Reconstruction Program Holy Name Hospital, Teaneck, NJ Vascular Institute Jeffrey A. Ascherman, M.D. Lawrence Hospital, Bronxville, NY K. Craig Kent, M.D. New Milford Hospital, New Milford, CT Endocrine Surgery Program Vein Disorder Treatment Center New York College of Podiatric Medicine William B. Inabnet, M.D. Roman Nowygrod, M.D. and the Foot Clinics, New York, NY Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Program Nyack Hospital, Nyack, NY Women at Risk Marc Bessler, M.D. Orange Regional Medical Center, Freya R. Schnabel, M.D. Middletown, NY Heart Transplantation Program Urology Palisades Hospital, Palisades, NJ Yoshifumi Naka, M.D., Ph.D. Center for Holistic Urology St. Mary’s Hospital for Children, Integrative Medicine Program Aaron Katz, M.D. Bayside, NY Mehmet C. Oz, M.D. St. Vincent’s Hospital, Bridgeport, CT Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery Stamford Hospital, Stamford, CT Interventional Bronchoscopy and Jaime Landman, M.D. Valley Hospital, Ridgewood, NJ Endobronchial Therapy Program White Plains Hospital Center, Roger A. Maxfield, M.D. Center for Robotic Surgery White Plains, NY Joshua R. Sonett, M.D. David Samadi, M.D. Mark E. Ginsberg, M.D. Center for Urologic Oncology Mechanical Circulatory Support Program James McKiernan, M.D. Yoshifumi Naka, M.D., Ph.D. Male Reproductive Center Melanoma Center Harry Fisch, M.D. Howard L. Kaufman, M.D. New York Center for Human Sexuality Paul Milstein Institute for Surgical Science Jason Greenfield, M.D. Ann Marie Schmidt, M.D. Center for Bladder & Prostate Health Minimal Access Surgery Program Matthew Rutman, M.D. Dennis Fowler, M.D. Stone Center Minimally Invasive and Robotic Cardiac Mantu Gupta, M.D. Surgery Program Men’s Health Initiative Michael Argenziano, M.D. Brian Stone, M.D. New York Thyroid Center William B. Inabnet, M.D. Obesity Management and Surgery Center Marc Bessler, M.D. Pancreas Center John A. Chabot, M.D. Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation Program Mark A. Hardy, M.D. Pediatric Intestinal Rehabilitation Program Dominique Jan, M.D.

56 | P&S Annual report 06 College of Physicians & Surgeons 2006

Enrollment, Fall 2006 Degrees granted, July 2005 to June 2006 M.D. program 624 M.D. 147 M.D./Ph.D. program 74 M.D./M.P.H. 5 Other M.D. programs 1 M.D./Ph.D. 13 Graduate programs 408 M.D./M.B.A. 4 Ph.D. 66 Full-time faculty 1,895 Doctor of physical therapy 19 Living M.D. alumni 7,726 M.S. in occupational therapy 42 Budget (FY06) $1 billion M.S. in nutrition 19 Endowment $1.192 billion M.S. in biomedical informatics 12 (September 30, 2006) Certificate in psychoanalysis 5 Endowed chairs 158

Research support (FY06) $324.23 million

Unlocking Medicine’s Potential

Office of the Executive Vice President Office of Development for Health and Biomedical Sciences 630 W. 168th Street, P&S Box 48 630 West 168th Street New York, NY 10032 New York, NY 10032 Phone: 212 342-0099 Fax: 212 342-0098 Office of Communications and External Relations P&S Alumni Association 701 West 168th Street, Box 153 630 W. 168th Street, P&S Box 55 New York, NY 10032 New York, NY 10032 Phone: 212 305-3900 Phone: 212 305-3498 Fax: 212 305-4521 Fax: 212 305-8293

2006 Annual Report

Design: h george design, NYC Photography: Robert Glick Writing: Gina Shaw

Produced by the Office of Communications and External Relations at Columbia University Medical Center with assistance from the Development Office and the P&S Alumni Association. Online: www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/ps/annual/ ‑‑ C ol um bia University colle University bia g e of of e p hysicians & s & hysicians

genes u r g eons eons 22,000 proteins

3billionchemical base pairs 400,000

Genetics: Unlocking Medicine’s Potential annual report | 06

grants received A nn Non-Profit Org. u us postage al R e p paid 2006 ort $50Msquare feet of research space New York, NY Permit no. 3593 630 West 168th Street 120,000 detecting Down syndrome New York, NY 10032 87% accuracy

Columbia University Medical Center